Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 11

Alternative Delivery Mode

Quarter 1 – Module 4: Relationship among Nations and States in the Context of
Globalization
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective
copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to
use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Marielle D. Zapatos

Editors: Name
Reviewers: Name
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Name
Management Team: Name of Regional Director
Name of CLMD Chief
Name of Regional EPS In Charge of LRMS
Name of Regional ADM Coordinator
Name of CID Chief
Name of Division EPS In Charge of LRMS
Name of Division ADM Coordinator

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education – Region IV-A

Office Address: ____________________________________________

____________________________________________
Telefax: ____________________________________________
E-mail Address: ____________________________________________
1
 11

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Relationship among Nations and
States in the context of
Globalization

2
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance – Grade 12! Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Relationship among Nations and States in
the Context of Globalization!
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints
in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

3
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
analyze the relationship of nations and states. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The lessons are
arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in
which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are
now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

● Lesson 1 – Nation and State
● Lesson 2 – Meaning of Globalization
● Lesson 3 – Globalization as context of relations among nation-states

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. evaluate influences of globalization to the Philippines.

4
 What I Know

DIRECTION: Identify what is being described in each item. Write your answer
on the space provided.
_____________1. It share a common language, religion, history, and usually
occupy the same geographical area.
_____________2. What does nations share based on common past?
_____________3. It is a concept of nation which stresses the importance of
ethnic unity and a shared history.
_____________4. It is also a concept of nation which highlights the
importance of civic consciousness and patriotic loyalty.
_____________5. It has four essential elements, namely, people, territory,
government and sovereignty.
_____________6. It refers to those whom the state is obliged to protect and
provide services to.
_____________7. It refers to a well-defined physical and geographic
boundaries wherein the state reigns.
_____________8. It is the formal institutions through which people are ruled.
_____________9. It is absolute or supreme exercise of power expressed as
unchallengeable legal authority.
_____________10. It is predominantly studied as economic development.

5
 Lesson Nation and State

The terms nation and state are often mistaken as interchangeable.

However, these terms are important in understanding the basics of politics
and governance. As it is useful in understanding its significance in the age of
global competitiveness.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned the nature and dimensions of

power as well as its types and consequences when used in different
circumstances.

6
 What’s New

Activity 1: “Made” [of] the Philippines

DIRECTION: What make the Philippine a country? Fill out the map with your
answers.

7
Activity 2: State Affairs
DIRECTION: What represents these words? Write at least two words each on
the space provided.

People
Territory
Governme
nt
Sovereignt
y
Activity 3: Local or Global?
DIRECTION: In the Philippines, what could possible the things that are
considered produced local consumption and the things that are produced for
global consumption? Write at least five (5) for each category.

LOCAL GLOBAL

8
 What is It

Nation, State, and Globalization Defined

According to Heywood (2003), a nation exists in varied contexts and
have distinct histories that makes the task of identifying shared commonalities
among its people applicable to almost all cases difficult if not possible.
Ultimately, it can only be defines “subjectively” by their members, not by any
set of external factors.
Commonly, nation is defined through a common language, religion,
history, and usually occupy the same geographical area.
There is what we call two concepts of nation which are exclusive and
inclusive. Exclusive concept stresses the importance of ethnic unity and a
shared history. This implies that nations are characterized by common
descent and so tends to blur the distinction between nation and a race.
Inclusive concept, however, highlights the importance of civic consciousness
and patriotic loyalty, suggesting that nations may be multiracial, multiethnic,
and so forth. This in turn, tends to blur the distinction between nation and
state.
A state is a political legal concept of a country, whereas nation is
primarily psychocultural (Reedier & Enloe,1969). It is a legally constituted
entity which provides its citizens protection both from internal and external
insecurity and aggression.

9
 A state has four essential elements:
- people
- territory
- government
- sovereignty

People refers to those whom the state is obliged to protect and provide
services to. They are the citizens who enjoy and exercise rights authorized by
the state and mandated by the constitution and law. Territory refers to well-
defined physical and geographic boundaries wherein the state reigns
supreme. Government refers to the formal institutions through which people
are rules. Sovereignty is the absolute or supreme exercise of power
expressed either as unchallengeable legal authority or unquestionable
political power.
A nation and a state can exist independently of one another. Meaning
to say, a nation can exist without a state and a state can exist without a nation
but when the two combines, nation-state is formed which embodies both of its
characteristics.
According to Heywood (2003), globalization is a slippery and elusive
concept. It is said so as the term emphasizes a “borderless world” (Ohmae, K,
1990). In essence, a borderless world became the end of a nation-state and
birth of a new idea of a nation. Globalization is predominantly understood and
studied as an economic development however. There is an increasing
interdependence of markets and production in different countries through
trade in goods and services, cross-border flows of capital, and exchanges of
technology.
Heywood (2003) summarizes both positive and negative impacts of
globalization on nation-states particularly on nationalism.
Globalization, for its part, has contributed to the growth of insular,
ethnically- or racially-based forms of nationalism by weakening the nation-
state and so undermining civic forms of nationalism (Heywood, 2003). Forms
of cultural, ethnic, and religious nationalism may be strengthened by the fact
that the state is losing its capacity to generate political allegiance and civic
loyalty.
In the Philippines, examining the effects of globalization on nationalism,
De Dios (2000) pointed to certain problems. First, locational competition may
compel countries to proceed with globalization at a pace and in directions not
chosen by them. Second, globalization of social sectors with differing coping
mechanism and abilities can cause social divisions and conflicts.
Despite these problems, De Dios (2000) argued the role of nationalism
to play. As globalization favors the capable social class, the result could
undermine the solidarity in which nationalism is based. Nonetheless,
nationalism gains relevance and importance because it will serve “as a check

10
on the private behavior of the more talented and endowed in society.” For
example, in observance of tax laws, the respect for the integrity of the
collective institution and solidarity with the less privileged must be counted
among the practical benefits of nationalism.

What’s More

Activity 1: What’s Global?

DIRECTION: Identify the current issues in the country which has reached
global attention according to classifications. For example, war on drugs,
economic and socio-cultural.
POLITICAL ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS SOCIO-
CULTURAL

11
Activity 2: Influencing Philippines
DIRECTION: Evaluate the influences of globalization to the Philippines. You
can focus on only one issue. Write your answer on the space provided.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

1. The definition of nation, state and globalization.

2. Nation is more of a cultural aspect of a country and state is its political
aspect.
3. There is exclusive and inclusive concept of nation.
4. Inclusive concept emphasizes civic consciousness.
5. Exclusive concept emphasizes shared history.
6. There are four essential elements of a state, namely, people,
government, territory, and sovereignty.
7. Globalization is usually more economic but it could also affect the
socio-cultural aspect of a nation-state through its borderless world idea.
8. Globalization is inevitable part of the present and future.
9. A borderless world weakened nation-states.

12
10. Globalization affects the nationalism instilled by the nation-states.

What I Can Do

DIRECTION: Write a paragraph answering the questions below:

1. How can we benefit from globalization?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

13
 ________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

2. How can we be harmed by globalization?

________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

Assessment

DIRECTION: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the

statement is wrong.

_______1. A nation is political in nature.

_______2. A nation is a community of people.
_______3. A state relates with the concept of government.
_______4. A nation is bounded by a common interest.
_______5. An exclusive concept of state emphasizes common
histories.
_______6. An inclusive concept of nation emphasizes civic
consciousness.
_______7. The people should be protected and provided services by
the state.
_______8. The government is the absolute and supreme exercise of
power of the state.
_______9. Territory refers to geographic features of a country.
_______10. Sovereignty is an unchangeable legal authority.

14
_______11. Globalization is economic in nature.
_______12. Nation-states are weakened by economy.
_______13. Globalization helps develop a new breed of nationalism.
_______14. A nation could be characterized by language and custom.
_______15. A borderless world means strengthening country’s ties
with another.

Additional Activities

Activity: Can I Live Without China?

DIRECTION: List the things that you use that are “Made in China” and
see if you can live without it for a week. Make a virtual diary in your
Messenger app’s My Story for five days. Compile it on a MS Word
document file to be submitted online.

15
 Answer Key

What I Know Assessment

Nation False
History True
Exclusive True
Inclusive True
State False
People True
Territory True
Government False
Sovereignty True
10.Globalization 10. True
16 11. True
12. False
13. True
14. True
References

Book
Mendoza, D., Melegrito, M.L. (2016). Politics Without Borders: Philippine Politics and
Governance. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing

Online Resource
Regional Mass Training of Teachers-Region 3
https://depedshs.blogspot.com/2001/06/philippine-politics-and-governance.html
Picture: https://freesvg.org/philippines-map

17