Write a note on Allahabad Address of Allama Iqbal 1930:

Ans. The main leadership of Muslims including the Quaid-e-Azam was in London for the
first roundtable Conference in 1930. In the absence of main leadership from the sub-
continent, Allama Iqbal was asked to preside over the annual session of the Muslim
League at Allahabad in 1930.
HISTORICAL ADDRESS OF ALLAMA IQBAL:
In the session of Muslim League at Allahabad Allama Iqbal proposed that the Muslims
should have their own state. It was the desire of the Muslims of India. That they should
be acknowledged as a separate identity. Allahabad address clearly reveals this fact.
Therefore they demanded a separate homeland.
1. Concept of Separate States:
Allama Iqbal said in his Allahabad Address:
“I would like to see the Punjab, the North-West Frontier Province, Sindh and
Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self government within the British Empire,
or without the British Empire, the formation of a consolidated North-West
Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims, at least of
North-West India.”
2. Sep. Recognition of Muslims
lqbal made it clear,
“India is not a country, it is a Sub-continent of human beings belonging to
different languages and practicing different religions. Muslim nation has its
own religious and cultural identity.”
3. Condemnation of Western Democratic Concepts:
lqbal was strongly against the western concept of Democracy. Despite
flourishing all over the world, this system cannot provide solution of the problem of
Islamic world. Iqbal was of the view that all social and political problems can be
solved with the help of Islamic system.
He said,
(Western democracy is devoid of depth, it has merely an attractive out look.)
4. Idea of Single Nation is Impractical:
In March, 1909 when lqbal was asked to address a meeting by Raj Amritsar, he
refused the single Nation theory and said,
“I remained the supporter of this idea but now I am of the view that
preservation of separate nationhood is useful for Hindus and Muslims
birth. To have the concept of single nation in India is no doubt poetic and
beautiful but impractical regarding present circumstances.”
5. Two Nation Theory:
Iqbal said explaining the two nation theory.
“Despite living together for 1000 years, Hindus and Muslims have
their own individual ideologies so the only solution of political
 conflict in India is to have a separate independent parliament for
each nation.”
6. Eradication of Racial & Regional; Prejudices:
Once lqbal said,
“Concept of nation and homeland is confusing the Muslims. That is
why Islamic humane objects are becoming dim. It is also possible
that these concepts may destroy the real concepts of
Islam.”
7. Islamic is not separate form politics:
Iqbal was in the favour of basic Islamic concept that politics is a part of religion
and religion specially Islam provides complete guidance about it, “Islam does not
consider matter and soul separate from each other. Allah, Universe worship and state
all are the basic elements of single unit. Man is not so alien that he should leave worldly
affairs for the sake of religion.”
REACTION OF THE HINDUS AND THE BRITISH:
The Hindus and the British criticized a lot on Iqbal‟s address. The Hindus declared it
the dream of a mad man or a poet, not that of a sensible man. They said that this was
an illegal solution and could not be practiced in the sub-continent.
IMPORTANCE OF ALLAHABAD ADDRESS:
It was the desire of the Muslims that they should be acknowledged as a separate
identity. Allama Iqbal‟s Allahabad address clearly reveals this fact. The Muslims could
not tolerate that their religious, political and social rights should be denied to them.
What was the Pakistan Resolution? Write down its three points and what
was the Hindu reaction after it had passed in the meeting?
Ans. Quaid-e presided over the Historic annual session (27t of All India Muslim League,
held in Minto Park (now called lqbal Park) in Lahore (22 to 24 March, 1940). A
resolution, presented by Maulvi Fazal-ul- (Sher-e- Bengal) a renowned Bengali leader
was passed. The Muslims set the clear goal on that historic day.
Background of Pakistan Resolution:
The Muslim leaders were worried about national future, ever since the Muslims
lost the war of Independence 1857. The only goal before the leaders was to provide
peaceful, safe and graceful environment to the Muslim nation. The future looked bleak
and unsatisfactory. The presence of Hindu majority on the soil of British India was the
root cause of their worries. Different leaders presented different suggestions.
C.R. Das, Lala Lajpat Ral, John Wright and the iron man of Russia, Joseph
Stalin, anticipated the division of India.
Allama lqbal in his presidential address at the annual session of All India Muslim
League in 1930, declared that the establishment of a separate state in the North West of
the sub-continent for the Muslims, the goal of the Muslim nation, As a student of
Cambridge University, Chaudhry Rehmat All, distributed a pamphlet among the
participants of Round Table Conference in 1932. The title of the pamphlet was „Now or
Never‟, in which he suggested the division of the sub-continent into a few states.
The Sindh Muslim League passed a resolution in its annual Session of 1938 and
demanded partition into Hindu India and Muslim India.
Syed Hassan Riaz wrote that the Quaid had made up his strong mind to have a
separate state for the Muslims in 1930 and till 1940 he kept on preparing the minds of
the Muslims.
Presidential Address of Quaid-e-Azam
The Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address clearly indicated the direction of
Muslim struggle. He said,
Muslims, by any definition of the word, are a nation and possess their separate
culture, social and religious system and sound traditions.
The sub-continent is not one country and Hindu Muslim issue is an international
issue. It is not an issue of communal nature. The solution of the problem lies in the
creation of more than one state in South Asia.
The rights of the Muslims will be un-safeing undivided India.
Partition of a land into two or more than two states is not an unprecedented idea.
The Iberian Peninsula was divided into Spain and Purtagal, Ireland was separated from
United Kingdom and Czechoslovakia came into existence, because of partition.
Referring to all such examples, he asked for the partition of British India.
He termed it logical and just.
Basic point of the Resolution:
The contiguous units in different areas to be redemarcated as such that Muslim
majority areas of North East and North West be established as independent Muslim
states.
No scheme other than partition of the Sub-continent will be accepted.
After the partition the rights of the Muslim minority will be protect
ed, and suitable arrangements will be made for this purpose.
Hindu Reaction:
Immediately after the passing of the resolution, the Hindu journalists and leaders
expressed their resentment. They rejected the demand and they ridiculed it. It was
declared impracticable. Gandhi and Nehru, in particular, criticized it and turned it down
in harsh words.
The Muslim League called it the Lahore Resolution but the Hindu press ironically
termed it as the P Resolution. The Muslim leaders adopted the new term.
The resolution was, later on, called the Pakistan Resolution in all quarters.
Reaction of The Muslim Theologists:
A large number of theologists were, reluctant to support the demand for partition.
Only a few of them Uke Maulana Shabir Ahmed Usmani, Maulana Zafar Ahmed Ansari,
Maulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi and some others supported the leaders of the Muslim
League.
Reaction of the British:
The British press did not pay much attention.
Conclusion
This was the first decisive step towards the achievement of a separate homeland.
After this firm decision, only in sovot yours the Muslims got a separate state of their
own. That is why we can say this resolution was the height of the struggle.