Department of Education: Learning Activity Sheet

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
REGION XII
DIVISION OF SULTAN KUDARAT
(School)
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
Name: ____________________________ Grade & Section: _______________ Score: _____

Subject: Physical Science Teacher: ________________________________
Quarter: 4th Quarter Week: One MELC Code: S11/12PS-IVa-38
The Universe: Through the Eyes of the Ancient
Great Thinkers
What’s New
Activity: The Way I See It
You and your siblings are playing the game “Truth or Dare”. And it so happen that the
spinning bottle stopped and it is pointing at your direction. Since you lose by the verdict of
the spinning bottle,thus,you choose to do the “Dare”. And the dare is for you to determine
which of the five (5) shadows cannot be formed by the object below if it is lighted from
different positions. You are given 30 seconds by your sibling to figure it out. And your timer
starts now!
A B C
D E
The shadows that cannot be formed are:B (the first one is done for you),_
What Is It
Sphere It Is Mesopotamian as accounted in their mythology around 6 th century
BC, described Earth as a flat disk floating in the ocean and bounded by a spherical
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REGION XII
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sky. And this idea has prevailed for hundreds of years until a new view was
presented (Punzalan and Monserrat, Science in Todays’ World,126).
As the quest for knowledge continues and civilization prospers,several

models of the universe were presented. And it is categorized as geocentric model
or Earth-centred and heliocentric model or Sun-centred. (Retrieved from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communication). In the geocentric
model, the Earth was at the center and rest of the planets and heavenly bodies
revolved around it. While in the heliocentric model, the Sun was at the center and
the rest of the heavenly bodies including the Earth moved around it.
In all of the geocentric models of the universe, the Earth and other heavenly
bodies were assumed to be spheres. They were convinced that the shape of the
Earth was not flat instead it was spherical. This idea was already entertained by
Pythagoras and Plato however
they do not have concrete Fig 1.2. When the rays shine directly above at Syene, it is
evidences to support their not directly overhead at Alexandria which around 800 km
claim. Until Aristotle (around north. The pillar in Alexandria casted a shadow, while the
320 BC), a student of Plato water in the deep well at Syene directly reflected back the
presented his arguments that sunlight.
established the claim during
their time as referenced from the DepEd CDO Learning Activity Sheet in Physical
Science Shared Option LAS
Aristotle argued that:
- the sphere is a perfect solid and the heavens are a region of perfection
- the Earth's component pieces, falling naturally towards the center, would
press into a round form
- in an eclipse of the Moon, the Earth's shadow is always circular: a flat
disc would cast an oval shadow
- even in short travels northwards the Pole Star is higher in the sky.

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
REGION XII
(School)
If it is not sphere then why measure its circumference.

One of the astronomical events that fascinated the early civilization was the eclipse.
And the recorded information
about eclipses was used by
Eratosthenes (about 235 BC)
to approximate the
circumference of the Earth.
This was another proof
presented about the spherical
shape of the Earth. As you
know an eclipse is actually a
shadow formation. This
happens when the path of
light rays is blocked by an
object.
Can Earth cause an eclipse? How about you, can you cause an eclipse too?
While working as a librarian in the University of Alexandria in Egypt, he
came across an information that during summer solstice especially at noon time,
sunlight shines directly down a deep well in Syene (a city south of Alexandria ) and
is reflected back up again. He knew also that no shadow is cast by any object on a
noon time. But in Alexandria at the same date and time, a vertical pillar and other
structures cast a shadow.
And so, Eratosthenes measured the shadow cast by a vertical pillar in

Alexandria and he found out that it is 1/8 of the height of the pillar. This is roughly
equivalent to 7.20 angle between the sun‘s rays and the vertical pillar while in
Syene its 00. Based on his calculation, 7.2 0is equivalent to 1/50 of a circle. He
reasoned that the distance between Alexandria and Syene must be 1/50 the
circumference of the Earth. Or the Earth’s circumference is 50 times the distance
between the two cities. Since these two cities are frequently travelled, the distance
was measure to be 5000 stadia (800 kilometers). So the Earth’s circumference is 50
x 5000 stadia = 250 000 stadia.(Retrieved from
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthense)

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
REGION XII
(School)
Learning Activities
Activity 2: And the Shape Is
Aim: To find out the shape of the shadow

Materials:
-Actual Flashlight or lighted candle
Caution: Be sure to put off the candle immediately after use)
- Two spherical objects; 1-big, 1-small (alternative: make your own balls
using crumpled used papers ;1-big, 1-small)
- ruler
Procedure:
1. Align the flashlight and the balls horizontally.

2. Point the flashlight to one of the balls.
3. Observe the shadow it casts on the ball behind it.
(Note: Perform the activity in a darkened room or during night time)
Question:
1. What is the shape of the shadow? ______________________________________
2. In what way that this simple activity supports Aristotle’s claim about the shape
of the Earth?
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Supposed that the Earth is heart shape, what shadow would it formed when
sunlight is aligned with it? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
E. References
Jervee M. Punzalan and Richard C. Monserrat, Science in Today’s World for Senior
High School Physical Science(Quezon City: SIBS Publishing House,2016)127
Teaching Guide for SHS: Physical Science, CHED in collaboration with the PNU
Quezon

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007
REGION XII
(School)
City:2016,electronicversion.https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B869YF0KEHr7SHFG
VG5MVFFhcXc/view?usp=drivesdk
DepEd CDO Learning Activity Sheet in Physical Science Shared Option LAS(DepEd
Cagayan de Oro,2019),electronic version. https://bitly/3dF9Kdb
“Eratosthenes”,June 20,
2020https://www.britannica.com/biography/Eratosthense
Riza Lacuste Division of Cagayan de Oro City (Fr. William F. Masterson Ave Upper
BalulangCagayan de Oro, 2020)
LAS Development Team

Writer: CHARIMA I. JAINODIN
Editor/Evaluator: MARY ANN S. DIMAMAY
Illustrator:
School: Lambayong National High School
District: Lambayong 1

Telephone No.: (064) 471 1007

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Republic of the Philippines

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Name: __________________ Grade & Section: _ Score: _

The Universe: Through the Eyes of the Ancient

Activity: The Way I See It

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

As the quest for knowledge continues and civilization prospers,several

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

If it is not sphere then why measure its circumference.

And so, Eratosthenes measured the shadow cast by a vertical pillar in

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

Aim: To find out the shape of the shadow

1. Align the flashlight and the balls horizontally.

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

LAS Development Team

Address: Kenram, Isulan, Sultan Kudarat

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