Grade

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 3 – MODULE 6
MELC 11 & 12

Perfect Match
Similarity
PART I.
MELC 11: Applies the theorems to show that the given triangles are similar.

A. Introduction and Discussion

Mathematical theorems are important in making perspective drawings. Artists
use mathematical techniques and their perspective are based on the observation
that far away objects look smaller and closer objects look larger.

In this module, you will be able to identify the theorems applicable to a given similar
triangles.

A. Theorems on Similarity of Triangles

1. AA Similarity Theorem – two triangles are similar if two angles of one triangle are
congruent to two angles of another triangle.

Illustrations:

Given its measure by like markings

Example: Explain why triangles are similar and write a similarity statement.
A F
47⁰
43⁰

B C D E

By Triangle Sum Theorem, m∠C = 47° and also m∠C = 43° , so ∠C ≅ ∠F

∠B ≅ ∠E by Right Angle Congruence Theorem .
Therefore ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 ~ ∆𝐷𝐸𝐹 by AA Similarity Theorem.

2. SAS Similarity Theorem – two triangles are similar if an angle of one triangle is congruent
to an angle of another triangle and the corresponding sides including those angles are in
proportion.

Illustrations:

By like markings Given its measure

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Example : Verify that ∆𝐿𝑂𝐷 ~ ∆ 𝐸𝐷𝑉.

L V
12 20
O

15
D 16
E
𝐿𝑂 12 3 𝐷𝑂 15 3
= =4 = 20 = 4 2 SIDES ARE PROPORTIONAL
𝐸𝑂 16 𝑉𝑂

∟𝐿𝑂𝐷 ≅ ∟𝐸𝑂𝑉 by vertical angles

Therefore : ∆𝐿𝑂𝐷 ~ ∆ 𝐸𝑂𝑉 by SAS Similarity theorem

3. SSS Similarity Theorem – two triangles are similar if the corresponding sides of two
triangles are in proportion.

ILLUSTRATIONS :
6

5 3 8 10

4
Given its measure By like markings
E
EXAMPLE : Find the measures of m and n. Verify that the
triangles are similar.
A

T
P 10 N

B 30
𝐵𝑁 30
= 10 = 3
𝑃𝑇
Solution to find the value of m Solution to find the value of n
𝐵𝐸 24 30 24 30 18
= = cross multiply = cross multiply
𝑃𝐴 𝑚 10 𝑚 10 𝑛

𝐸𝑁 18
= 30m = 240 divide both sides by 30 30 n = 180 divide both sides by 30
𝐴𝑇 𝑛
30𝑚 240 30𝑛 180
30
= 30
m =8
30
=
30
n=6

2
𝐵𝑁 30 𝐵𝐸 24 𝐸𝑁 18
= =3 = =3 = =3= The sides are proportional ,
𝑃𝑇 10 𝑃𝐴 8 𝐴𝑇 6
Therefore ∆𝐵𝐸𝑁 ~∆𝑃𝐴𝑇 by SSS similarity

4. Triangle Angle – Bisector Theorem – If a segment bisects an angle of a triangle , then it

divides the opposite side into segments proportional to the other two sides.

ILLUSTRATION :

12

10⁰ 4
10⁰

By like markings given its measure

EXAMPLE: Find the value of PS and SR . P

𝑃𝑆 𝑄𝑃
= by triangle angle bisector theorem. X-2
𝑆𝑅 𝑄𝑅
𝑥−2
=
32
substitute the given values S
𝑥+5 40 32 X+5
40( x-2) = 32( x + 5) cross product property
40x-80 = 32x + 160 → 8x = 240 distribute and simplify
x = 30 R
Q 40
substitute 30 for x
PS = x – 2 SR = x + 5
= 30 – 2 = 30 + 5
PS = 28 SR = 35

5. Triangle Proportionality Theorem – If a line parallel to one side of a triangle intersects

the other two sides, then it divides those sides proportionally.

ILLUSTRATION :

DE // BC PROPORTIONAL SIDES
𝐴𝐷 𝐴𝐸 𝐷𝐸
= =
𝐷𝐵 𝐸𝐶 𝐵𝐶

I
EXAMPLE : Find the value of x and y , where AT // FH.
12 10 𝐼𝐴 𝐼𝑇 𝐴𝑇
= = substitute the value
𝐴𝐹 𝑇𝐻 𝐹𝐻

A T 12 10 𝑦
y = = solve for the unknown value
𝑥 15 21
just cross multiply
x 15 12 10
= = 10x = 180 → 𝑥 = 18
𝑥 15
21 𝑦 10
H = = 15𝑦 = 210 → 𝑦 = 14
F 21 15

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MELC 12: Proves the Pythagorean Theorem

A. Introduction and Discussion

In this module , you will be able to prove Pythagorean Theorem on right triangle.
Pythagorean Theorem – The square of the hypotenuse of a right triangle is equal to
the sum of the squares of the legs.
Let ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 be a right triangle with legs a and b and
hypotenuse c. We will prove that 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
Let CD be the altitude to the hypotenuse.
Let AD = x and BD = y. Since each leg of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶 is
the the geometric mean of the hypotenuse and the
segment of the hypotenuse adjacent to that leg,
𝑐 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎
then = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = . Hence b² = cx and a² = cy
𝑏 𝑥 𝑎 𝑦

Since x + y = c , we have a² + b² = cy + cx = c( y + x) = c ‫ ە‬c = c².

Therefore , 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2
EXAMPLE : Find the value of the unknown sides of the given right triangle.
1. If a = 3 and b = 4 , find c
2. if c = 10 and a = 6 , find b
3. If c = 15 and b = 12 , find a

Solutions :
1. 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 2. b² = c² - a² 3. a² = c² - b²
3² + 4² = c² b² = 10² - 6² = 15² - 12²
9 + 16 = c² = 100- 36 = 225 - 144
25 = c² b² = 64 a² = 81

C =√25 b = √64 a = √81

C= 5 b=8 a=9

PART II . ACTIVITIES. Solve the problems below. Write your answer and solution on a
separate sheet of paper.
Activity 1- Using the figure at the right. Complete each proportion .

𝐴𝑀
1. = 10 15 4. Find the value of x.
𝑀𝐵 𝑁𝐶
𝑀𝑂 𝑁𝑂 12
2. = 5. Find the value of y.
𝑂𝐶 30
x
3. ∠MON ≅ ∠____
y
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Activity II- Identify what kind of similarity theorem is applicable on the given figure below.
6. ____________ 7. ______________ 8. ________________ 9. ____________

10. Write the proportional sides on the figure shown in # 7.

____ = ____ = _____

Activity III - Solve for the unknown values. Refer to the figure below.

11. Solve for the value of x. 13. If c= 15 and b = 9 find a.

12. Find the value of ∠A 14. If a = 12 and b = 13, find

c.

15. If c = 24 and a = 18 ,
B
find b
50⁰

A N

𝐹𝐻 𝐺𝐻 𝐹𝐺
15. b = 15.87 = = 10. 5. y = 24
𝐴𝐶 𝐵𝐶 𝐴𝐵
14. c = 17.69 9. AA similarity 4. x = 20
13. a = 12 8. SAS similarity 3.∟BOC
12. ∟A = 40⁰ 7. SSS similarity 2.OB
11. C = 26.83 6. AA similarity 1. AN

Activity III Activity II Activity I

Answer key

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PART III. ASSESSMENT

Choose the correct answer write the letter of your choice on a separate sheet of paper.
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑀
1. If = , which of the following data makes ∆𝐶𝐴𝑀 ~ ∆𝑆𝐴𝑌 by SAS Similarity Theorem.
𝐴𝑆 𝐴𝑌

A. ∠𝐶𝐴𝑀 ≅ ∠𝑆𝐴𝑌
S
B. ∠𝐴𝐶𝑀 ≅ ∠𝐴𝑆𝑌
C
C. ∠𝐴𝑀𝐶 ≅ ∠𝐴𝑌𝑆

Y M A

2. Which proportion is correct?

T S 𝑂𝑆 𝑂𝑉 𝑆𝑉 𝑂𝑆
A. = B. = C.
𝑂𝑇 𝑉𝑊 𝑇𝑊 𝑆𝑇
𝑆𝑇 𝑉𝑊
𝑂𝑇
=
𝑂𝑊
O

V
W
3. Which of the following statements is true about the figure?

A. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 is an altitude to the hypotenuse ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵.

B. ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐷 is an altitude to the hypotenuse ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵.

̅̅̅̅ is the hypotenuse of ΔACD.

C. 𝐶𝐵

4. One leg of an isosceles right triangle measures 7cm. How long is the hypotenuse?

2
A. 7√2 cm B. 3.5 cm C. 7√ cm
3

5. What theorem will you use to find the diagonal of a 10cm by 8cm rectangle?

A. Pythagorean Theorem B. Triangle Angle Bisector Theorem C. Triangle

Proportionality Theorem

6. Which of the following pairs of triangles cannot be proved similar?

A. B. C.

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7. The ratio of the sides of the original triangle is reduced to 2:1. The reduced triangle is
expected to have__.

A. sides are twice as long as the original

B. sides that are half as long as the original

C. angles that are half as large as the original

R
8. ∆𝐵𝑅𝑌 ~ ∆𝐴𝑁𝑇 , which ratio of sides gives the scale factor ?
𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝑁 𝐴𝑇 N
A. B. C. 75
𝐵𝑅 𝐴𝑇 𝐵𝑅 10
15
T
18 Y
A

B
9. What similarity concept justifies that ∆ 𝐴𝐸𝐻 ~ ∆𝐹𝐸𝐿 ? E

A. triangle proportionality theorem

A H
B. SSS similarity theorem
F L
C. SAS similarity theorem

10. What kind of similarity describe in the statement, if two triangles are similar if two angles
of one triangle are congruent to two angles of another triangle?

A. AA similarity B. SSS similarity C. SAS similarity

References:

Abuzo, E.P., Bryant, M.L., et. al (2013). Mathematics 9 Learner’s Module. Pasig City
Philippines
1600

Website links

https://www.mathplanet.com/education/geometry/proof/if-then-statement
https://philonotes.com/index.php/2018/08/23/if-then-statement/

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