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 FLEXITRAY® Valve Trays
Proven performance in all liquid-vapor contacting applications.

FLEXITRAY® valve trays combine high capacity and excellent efficiency with a wide operating range. Using
proprietary design techniques and the wide range of valve types available for FLEXITRAY valve trays, design engineers
at Koch-Glitsch have the knowledge and experience to assist you in optimizing performance for your application.

With Koch-Glitsch technical expertise in design, manufacturing, and installation, a well-designed FLEXITRAY valve tray
generally provides the most economically a ractive solution for grass-roots column construction projects.

Benefits of FLEXITRAY® Valve Trays

Uniform vapor distribution, wide operating range
„ Excellent liquid-vapor contacting for high efficiency
„ Reduction of the reflux ratio for a given quantity
of trays
„ Smaller tower diameter for a given feed rate

The vapor exiting a valve is directed horizontally, rather

than vertically as in a sieve tray, reducing entrainment.
This also allows longer run times in fouling services
because horizontal radial vapor flow at the tray floor
reduces “dead spots” where solids can se le, polymer Conventional trays are equipped with standard downcomers.
The bubbling area can be customized using a variety of
growth can start, or decomposition can occur. valve types depending on the application or service.

Higher capacity and low pressure drop

FLEXITRAY valve trays can handle loadings up to 10% Experience
higher than sieve trays while providing higher efficiency. With these product advantages plus Koch-Glitsch
The contoured hole of the T0 type valve provides the technical expertise, conventional trays from
lowest pressure drop per tray over a wide range of flow Koch-Glitsch have been installed in tens of thousands of
rates. plants worldwide. Year after year, they continue to be the
trays preferred by plant operators.
Cost effective
The initial investment cost, simple installation, and Fractionation Research Inc. (FRI) Testing
reduced maintenance of the FLEXITRAY valve tray FRI is a non-profit, member-supported organization
contribute to cost effective projects. that conducts independent research in commercial scale
distillation facilities operating with hydrocarbon systems.
Versatile Its research programs include basic research into the
An existing tower equipped with FLEXITRAY valve trays design and operation of distillation columns as well as
can often be used in a different application with minimum testing of proprietary distillation devices. FRI members
modifications because of the wide operating range, high vote on the projects to be conducted at FRI’s facilities,
capacity, low pressure drop, and excellent efficiency. including which proprietary devices will be tested.
Over the years, Koch-Glitsch has had numerous
devices tested at FRI, including the T, T0 , and VG-0
valves, the PROVALVE® tray, and the SUPERFRAC®
and ULTRA-FRAC® high performance trays.

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 Valve Types
Koch-Glitsch has the valve type for your application/service.

Koch-Glitsch has developed a variety of valve styles to enhance the vapor-liquid contacting that takes place on a
tray deck.

A - Full-size, one-piece valve

This is the standard, round, full-size, one-piece valve that has been used Characteristics
successfully in columns around the world for over 50 years. „ Higher capacity than
„ It is provided in several leg lengths to accommodate various tray deck standard sieve trays
thicknesses.
„ High efficiency
„ Wide operating range
„ It is normally dimpled to help prevent sticking to the deck, but can be
„ Low pressure drop
flush seated if needed.
„ Cost effective
„ The orifice can be made to prevent the valve from spinning.
„ Dual valve weights may be used in alternating rows to extend the Equivalent Designations
already wide operating range. „ BALLAST® tray: V-1
„ FRI tested

T - Full-size caged valve

Type T is the caged equivalent to the Type A valve. The use of this Characteristics
FRI-tested valve precedes the Type A valve. „ All the benefits of Type A valves
„ The Type T valve has a single moving cap with no moving legs „ More weepage resistance –
protruding through the deck. even wider operating range
„ Increased fouling resistance –
„ A cage assembly retains the cap.
fewer costly shutdowns
„ It is more resistant to weeping and to becoming dislodged from the „ Rugged construction –
deck. resistant to corrosion and erosion
„ It is more fouling resistant than the Type A valve. „ FRI tested
„
It is normally supplied dimpled, but can be flush seated as necessary.
Equivalent Designations
„ BALLAST® tray: A-2

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 T0 - Full-size, one-piece valve
This variation of the Type T valve uses an extruded orifice. Characteristics
„ The dry tray pressure drop is thus lowered, providing an overall „ All the benefits of Type A valves
lower pressure drop. „ More weepage resistance –
even wider operating range
„ This comes at a cost of higher weepage and reduced turndown.
„ Increased fouling resistance –
fewer costly shutdowns
„ Rugged construction –
resistant to corrosion and erosion
„ Contoured hole in deck for
lowest possible pressure drop
„ FRI tested

Equivalent Designations
„ BALLAST® tray: A-5
„ European: T9

PROVALVE® fixed valve

The patented PROVALVE® valve offers the wide operating range of Characteristics
conventional valve trays, but with no moving parts. The valve design „ Higher capacity than full-size
prevents valve leg or deck wear and eliminates the potential for popped, valve trays
fouled, or stuck valves. „ Maximum opening size for
maximum fouling resistance
„ The tapered cover imparts a forward lateral push to the liquid across
and free passage
the tray, allows a large open area, and directs and deflects the vapor. „ Longest up time between
„ The result is uniform liquid and vapor distribution across the entire shutdowns
tray with a low, even spray height across the deck. This increases the „ Fixed opening means the
tray’s efficiency, prevents liquid backflow, suppresses jet flooding, and valve cannot stick shut like
permits operating at greater vapor rates. moving valves
„
The cleansing action from the liquid push protects the tray deck from
„
High weepage resistance for
a wide operating range
fouling.
„ Easy to clean – less downtime
„
In addition, the sheltered valve design allows a large open area that „ Rugged, durable construction
promotes lower pressure drop and protects against vapor surges. for long tray life
„
Low pressure drop
„ FRI tested
„ Patented

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 MINIVALVE® decks
The MINIVALVE® family of smaller-size valves provides reduced entrainment and better efficiency
than conventional valve and sieve trays.

The improvement in capacity can exceed 13% in spray regime services with low-to-moderate weir loadings.
MINIVALVE® valves exhibit a more uniform froth action on the tray deck compared to full-size valves. They
are offered in both fixed (VG-0) and moveable (MV-1) styles.

MINIVALVE valves are directional with the rear leg being a li le wider than the downstream front leg. This gives a
slight pushing action to the liquid as vapor passes through the valves. The liquid push assists in maintaining a more
uniform flow pa ern on cross-flow trays with less retrograde action. It also helps offset vapor cross-flow channeling
effects to a small degree.

VG - 0 - MINIVALVE® fixed valve

This widely-used, fixed, high-performance valve has been tested at FRI on Characteristics
two different sets of high-capacity trays. „ Higher capacity than full-size
„ The net rise can range from as low as 0.158 in [4 mm] to as high as valve trays – smaller tower or
0.433 in [11 mm]. Recommended rises vary with deck thickness and more throughput

the nature of the service.

„ High efficiency – fewer trays
or less reflux required
„ A fixed valve can never stick to the deck nor can it spin. „ Fixed opening – valve cannot
stick shut nor can it spin
Because of the VG-0 valve’s fouling resistance, it has been used in a
„ Cost effective
number of fouling applications on the decks of high performance, „ FRI tested
anti-fouling SUPERFLUX® trays.

The operating range exceeds that of a sieve

tray and almost matches that of moving valves.
This valve is replacing full-size, conventional
moving valves in many installations.

MV-1 - MINIVALVE® moving valve

Originally used only on SUPERFRAC high performance trays, this moving Characteristics
valve is now available for use on conventional trays. This valve offers high „ Higher capacity than full-size
capacity and efficiency combined with a wide operating range. valve trays – smaller tower or
more throughput
Because of the way the legs are inserted into „ High efficiency – fewer trays
the deck, the valves cannot spin. The valves or less reflux required
come in two leg lengths, although the longer „
Wide operating range
length is rarely needed; the shorter leg
accommodates most common deck thicknesses.

Valves are normally supplied dimpled with

tabs to space the cap edges slightly off the
deck. A flush-seated style is available upon
request.

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 VG-10 - Full-size fixed valve
This is a full-size fixed valve that is anything but conventional. Characteristics
„ The net rise typically ranges from 0.236 in [6 mm] to 0.551 in [14 mm], „ Large opening size for improved
varying in 0.039 in [1 mm] increments. Other lifts may be available in fouling resistance
some cases.
„ Extended time between shutdowns
„ Fixed opening means the valve
„ This valve is also directional with the rear leg being visibly wider than
cannot stick shut like moving valves
the downstream front leg. „ Easy to clean – less downtime
„ As with any fixed valve, it can never stick to the deck nor can it spin. „ Rugged, durable construction for
„ The large net rises available plus the directional liquid flow long tray life
make this an outstanding anti-fouling valve. It is widely used „ Can be made from materials up to
on anti-fouling SUPERFLUX trays. 0.25 in [6.35 mm] thick for maximum
resistance to corrosion
– Using a large net rise
ensures that large particles
can freely pass through
the deck openings.
– There are no protrusions
below the deck for any
material to hang
up on or for deposits
to accumulate.
– The liquid push is strong
enough to help flush
solid material downstream
and toward the downcomer
where it can exit off the tray deck.

Other Conventional Trays from Koch-Glitsch

Koch-Glitsch has the broadest line of tray devices available in the industry.

From conventional trays to high performance trays,

Koch-Glitsch has the right tray for your application:

„
Bubble cap
„ Sieve
„ Tunnel
„
Dualflow
„ Baffle

Bubble cap tray Sieve tray

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 High Performance Trays from Koch-Glitsch
For decades, Koch-Glitsch has been the driving force in tray design improvements.

Koch-Glitsch’s design and manufacture of distillation trays have evolved from bubble cap to sieve to valve trays and
now to specialty, high-capacity trays. The patented technologies used in SUPERFRAC® and ULTRA-FRAC® trays are
the result of over twenty years of comprehensive tray development work.
„ For new columns, Koch-Glitsch high-capacity trays can be employed to reduce diameters, heights, or both.
„ For existing columns, they can replace existing trays to increase capacities, reduce utilities, or improve separations.
„ In total, our high-capacity trays have been employed in approximately 2,000 columns.

SUPERFRAC® High Performance Trays

The SUPERFRAC® tray is a high performance cross-flow tray that has the highest combined capacity
and efficiency of all single-pass cross-flow trays tested at FRI.

The unique combination of SUPERFRAC patented technologies

and design strategies produces the high capacity and the
maximum vapor/liquid contact efficiency achievable on a
cross-flow distillation tray.

These technologically advanced trays employ innovative

downcomer designs and enhancements in the active and inlet
areas to provide:
„ Highest combined capacity and efficiency
„ Minimal pressure drop
„ Optimum mass transfer efficiency

As a result, the SUPERFRAC tray gives the highest economic

benefit to operators of distillation columns seeking solutions for
both new construction and revamp projects.

ULTRA-FRAC® High Performance Trays

Expand your capacity — not your vessel.

The ULTRA-FRAC tray is the next logical step to increased

capacity in existing vessels:
„ Highest capacity commercial mass transfer device
„ Multiple separators produce co-current flow

With these trays, existing columns can be retrofi ed, resulting in

significant capacity increases without the major capital
expenditures and space requirements of building new columns.
One-for-one change-outs of existing trays are possible for many
services.

The FRI-tested ULTRA-FRAC trays offer superior liquid and

vapor handling while suppressing the creation of foam.

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 Construction Details
Metal Scope of Supply
Trays are available in any formable, weldable sheet For the trays in this brochure, Koch-Glitsch supplies all
metal material. The most common materials for trays removable parts.
are:
The trays do not include vessel a achments for connection
„ Carbon steel
or support, unless specifically stated in the item description.
„ Stainless steel, ferritic, austenitic, duplex, martensitic Vessel a achments may be quoted/supplied separately.
„ Nickel alloys Examples of a achments that may be required are:
„ Copper alloys „ Support rings
„ Titanium, zirconium „ Sump frames
Trays are not normally stress relieved or annealed and „ Internal flanges at feed inlet nozzles
typically do not conform to pressure vessel standards. „ Wall clips for support
„ Downcomer clamping bars
Trays fabricated from sheet metal materials are typically
„ Beam seats
supplied in “as-sheared” condition.

Bolting
Standard bolting conforms to AISI specifications. Bolting Minimum Support Ring Widths
conforming to ASME® specifications is available upon
request. All dimensions are expressed as inches [millimeters]

Tower ID Trays Clamped to a Support Ring

Certification
Below 27.5 Typically supplied as cartridge tray construction;
Material certification is available for all fabricated [Below 700] trays require a vessel body flange for installation.
internals. Positive Material Identification (PMI) testing
is available upon request. 27.5 - 59.0 1.5
[700 - 1500] [40]
Gasketing 59.1 - 98.4 2.0
For multi-piece trays requiring gasketed joints, many [1501 - 2500] [50]
choices of gasket material are available. Where gasketing
98.5 - 137.8 2.5
is required, braided fiberglass tape is supplied as the [2501 - 3500] [60]
standard for linear joints. Depending on the service,
KLINGERSIL® C-4401, expanded PTFE, or spiral wound 137.9 - 177.2 3.0
[3501 - 4500] [70]
stainless steel with flexible graphite filler gaskets are
supplied as the standard for flanged connections. Other 177.3 - 236.2 3.5
gasket materials are available upon request. [4501 - 6000] [90]

236.3 - 295.3 4.0

Manway Access [6001 - 7500] [100]
All trays are designed in sections to pass through vessel
295.4 - 354.3 5.0
manways. Tower internals are designed to pass through [7501 - 9000] [120]
a vessel manway of 18 in [450 mm] minimum inside
diameter, unless otherwise specified. Larger manways If support ring size is other than those listed above, special consideration
must be given to the plate diameter and vessel tolerances.
often provide the ability to optimize the design of
components for faster, easier installation. Please provide
manway locations and inside diameters at the time of
inquiry.

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 Feed Devices
Obtaining desired tower performance Vapor-Only Feeds CFD Modeling
requires the proper handling of liquid Two factors must be considered when Good vapor distribution is essential
and vapor entering the column. The choosing the proper device for a to achieve superior separation
types of feeds or inlets into a column vapor-only feed. efficiency. Poor vapor distribution is
can generally be classified into three „ The kinetic energy of the inlet often a major source of problems.
major categories: vapor in relation to the pressure Koch-Glitsch combines modern
„ Liquid only (contains less than drop across the trays, the feed Computational Fluid Dynamics
1% of vapor by volume) nozzle arrangement, and the
(CFD) modeling technology with
tower separation requirements.
„ Mixed liquid and vapor, flashing its engineering expertise to analyze
or suppressed flash
„ If there is a large difference in the vapor and liquid distribution when
composition and/or temperature
„ Vapor evaluating the performance of
between the inlet vapor stream and
existing equipment and developing
bulk vapor flow, mixing the two
new, improved designs. This
vapors optimizes the performance
of the trays. involves computer modeling of the
Liquid-Only Feeds 3-dimensional configuration of the
Specific equipment for vapor
Among the factors that Koch-Glitsch column internals to provide detailed
distribution may not be required if
engineers consider when designing a predictions of fluid flow (velocity
sufficient column height is available for
liquid feed device are: profiles and so forth) as shown in
equalization or if the pressure drop
„ Type of tray across the trays is sufficient to provide the figure below.
„ Expected tray performance proper vapor distribution. Koch-Glitsch offers CFD services for
„ Flow rate the following tasks:
„ Operating range „ Development and optimization
Selection Criteria of new mass transfer equipment
„ Degree of sub-cooled liquid The selection criteria for each category
„ Requirements for mixing
„ Troubleshooting or analysis of
of feed device is unique. Please
existing equipment
consult with a Koch-Glitsch technical
„ Confirmation of equipment designs
representative for recommendations.
prior to fabrication and installation
Liquid-Vapor and Flashing Feeds
For mixed liquid-vapor or flashing feed CFD Study for Single VG-0 Valve
devices above a tray, the selection X-Velocity: Unequal Legs
depends on: (Perspective View)
„
Tray type
„ Liquid and vapor flow rates
„ Turndown
„
Column height needed for
disengagement and vapor
distribution
„
Requirements for mixing
In all cases, separating the vapor and
the liquid phases is a primary concern.
In some cases, the requirements for
additional pre-distribution may alter
certain tray designs.

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 Mechanical Features
FLEXILOCK® Tray Construction
The patented FLEXILOCK® tray joint allows rapid installation
of tray panels in vessel shops or in the field. FLEXILOCK tray
construction eliminates the requirement for hardware between
adjacent tray panels and provides for error-free deck installation.
FLEXILOCK tray construction can be used to:
„ Reduce hardware requirements
„ Improve valve coverage
„ Provide error-free deck installation
„ Dramatically reduce installation time
„ Strengthen joint and uplift tolerance
„ Promote in-shop installations
„ Cancel vibration-induced panel shifting

OMNI-FIT® Technology
OMNI-FIT® technology is a set of mechanical engineering
®
designs used to reduce the cost and downtime of revamps.
These technologies include expansion rings, pedestal
supports, downcomer adapters, and innovative tray designs
that can minimize or eliminate welding on an existing tower.
Efficiency and capacity enhancements can be achieved by
using the patented OMNI-FIT technology for your next Before After
turnaround project.
OMNI-FIT technology can be used to:
„
Increase theoretical stages
„ Change tray spacings
„ Change the number of passes
„ Modify downcomer sizes or configurations
„ Install multi-pass SUPERFRAC trays
„
Change tray orientation
„ Eliminate welding
„ Shorten turnarounds
„
Replace packing
„ And more…

10

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 HORIZON® Technology
HORIZON® technology is a set of mechanical construction techniques developed
specifically for in-shop installation of trays with the vessel in the horizontal position.
The patented FLEXILOCK tray construction from Koch-Glitsch is the primary
building block of the HORIZON technology. If you plan to shop-install trays, then
you need the capabilities provided by HORIZON technology.
„ Special mechanical design helps prevent inefficient installation sequencing, part
deforming/breaking, panel shifting, joint dislodging, extra field inspecting, and
field readjusting of tray parts.
„ Installation in the shop versus in the field helps reduce installation costs,
accommodates short turnaround schedules, and reduces space constraints
involved with manhole access and off-shore platform installations.

Tray Maintenance Services

Comprehensive services for turnarounds and shutdowns.

Downtime is critical for both planned and unplanned turnarounds. Koch-Glitsch

is available 24/7 to offer equipment and comprehensive support and services to
get your tower up and running as quickly as possible. Our response teams are
strategically located around the world and are ready to serve you at any time.

Services include:
„ Inspection
„ Hardware trailers and lockers
„ AHOP® Automated Hardware Ordering Program
„ Equipment Support Services (ESS) technicians

Combined with Koch Specialty Plant Services, Koch-Glitsch goes a step

further with its ability to deliver unique, value-driven turnkey equipment and
installation solutions to provide faster, safer revamps, which often result in
shorter duration turnarounds.

Emergency Delivery
Emergencies happen . . .
For emergencies, call the Hotline of your nearest
Koch-Glitsch has a wide variety of products to provide Koch-Glitsch office:
optimum performance whatever the application. Many „ In the US and Latin America, call 1-888-KOCH-911
common materials are in stock, and equipment can be
(mass transfer), 1-316-207-7935 (mist elimination),
quickly manufactured to meet your requirements
or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
regardless of original equipment manufacturer.
„ In Canada, call 1-905-852-3381 (Uxbridge, Ontario).
With manufacturing facilities and warehouses strategically „ In Europe, call +39-06-928-911 (Italy), +44 1782
located worldwide, Koch-Glitsch leads the industry with
744561 (UK), or your local Koch-Glitsch office.
its on-time performance for delivery of emergency trays
and hardware, packing and internals, and mist elimination
„ In Asia, call +65 6831-6500 (Singapore) or your
equipment. local Koch-Glitsch office.
11

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 Koch-Glitsch Corporate Offices
Worldwide Headquarters
Koch-Glitsch, LP
4111 East 37th Street North Wichita, KS 67220 - United States tel: (316) 828-5110 fax: (316) 828-7985

Europe
Koch-Glitsch Italia S.r.l.
Via Torri Bianche, 3A 20871 Vimercate MB - Italy tel: +39-039-6386010 fax: +39-039-6386011

Asia
Koch Chemical Technology Group Singapore Pte. Ltd.
260 Orchard Road, #11-01/09 Singapore 238855 tel: +65-6831-6500 fax: +65-6835-2031
The Heeren

Koch-Glitsch (a division of Koch Chemical Technology Group India Pvt. Ltd.)

10th Floor, Corporate Park II Chembur, Mumbai 400 071 - India tel: +91-22-6771-7171 fax: +91-22-6771-7161
Sion-Trombay Road

For a complete list of our offices and facilities, visit us on the Web at www.koch-glitsch.com.

Emergency Numbers
United States/Latin America: 1-888-KOCH-911 (mass transfer), 1-316-207-7935 (mist elimination),
or your local Koch-Glitsch office.

Canada: 1-905-852-3381 (Uxbridge, Ontario).

Europe/Middle East/Africa: +39-06-928-911 (Italy), +44-1782-744561 (UK),

or your local Koch-Glitsch office.

Asia: +65-6831-6500 (Singapore) or your local Koch-Glitsch office.

Trademarks Patents
The following registered trademarks are owned by Koch-Glitsch, LP in the United The following technologies are protected by one or more patents
States and may be registered in other jurisdictions. AHOP® Automated Hardware in the USA; other foreign patents may be relevant:
Ordering Program, BALLAST® tray, FLEXITRAY® tray, FLEXILOCK® tray construction, FLEXILOCK® tray construction (US6592106), OMNI-FIT® technology
HORIZON® technology, KOCH-GLITSCH, “K” KOCH-GLITSCH, MINIVALVE® tray, (US6736378, US7055810, US7125005), PROVALVE® tray (US5762834),
OMNI-FIT® technology, PROVALVE® tray, SUPERFLUX® tray, SUPERFRAC® tray, and SUPERFLUX® tray (US5895608), SUPERFRAC® tray (US5762668,
ULTRA-FRAC® tray. The following trademarks are owned by Koch-Glitsch, LP in the US5895608, US5632935), and ULTRA-FRAC® tray (US8500105,
United States and may be registered in other jurisdictions: YOU CAN RELY ON US. US8191870).
All other trademarks, service marks, or registered trademarks that appear in this
document are the trademarks or service marks of their respective owners. Legal Notice
The information contained in this bulletin is believed to be
For related trademark information, visit http://www.koch-glitsch.com/trademarks. accurate and reliable, but is not to be construed as implying any
warranty or guarantee of performance.

Bulletin FTCVT-02. Rev. 3-2015. Printed in USA.

© 2007-2015. Koch-Glitsch, LP. All rights reserved.

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