CHAPTER 2 – RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION

Rectilinear Motion with Constant Acceleration (ROSALES, Hannah Nicole J.)

PROBLEM:
Two cars, Hyundai and Toyota have a velocity of 25 m/s in the same direction. Hyundai is 73.5m. behind
Toyota when the brake is applied to car Toyota, causing it to decelerate at a constant rate of 3 m/s2.
A. In what time will Hyundai overtake Toyota?
B. How far will car Hyundai travel?
C. How far will car Toyota travel?

Solution:
a) Consider car Hyundai
𝑺𝑯𝒚𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒊 = 𝒗𝒕 = 𝟐𝟓𝒕 first equation

b) Consider car Toyota

𝟏
𝑺 = 𝑽𝒐 𝒕 − 𝒂𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝟏
𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒚𝒐𝒕𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓𝒕 − (𝟑)𝒕𝟐
𝟐
𝑺𝒕𝒐𝒚𝒐𝒕𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓𝒕 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝒕𝟐 second equation

c) Distance traveled by car Hyundai and Toyota

𝑺𝑯𝒚𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒊 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝒕 + 𝑺𝑻𝒐𝒚𝒐𝒕𝒂

𝟐𝟓𝒕 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝒕 + 𝟐𝟓𝒕 − 𝟏. 𝟓𝒕𝟐

𝟏. 𝟓𝒕𝟐 = 𝟕𝟑. 𝟓
𝐭 = 𝟕 𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐬 answer
𝑺𝑯𝒚𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒊 = 𝟐𝟓(𝟕) = 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎 answer

𝑺𝑻𝒐𝒚𝒐𝒕𝒂 = 𝟐𝟓(𝟕) − 𝟏. 𝟓(𝟕)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟏. 𝟓 𝒎 answer

Freely Falling Bodies: Air Resistance Neglected (Ramos, Mierell Louise V.)
PROBLEM:
A stone is thrown vertically upward and returns to earth in 5 sec. How high did it go?
SOLUTION:
a. From total time of flight
𝑡1 = 𝑢𝑝; 𝑡2 = 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛
𝑡1 + 𝑡2 = 5
𝑡2 = 5 − 𝑡1
b. Going up and at max. height attained
𝑣𝑓 = 𝑣0 + 𝑔 𝑡1 ; 𝑣𝑓 = 0

0 = 𝑣0 − 9.8 𝑡1
𝑣0 = 9.8𝑡1
c. Height attained in going up and down
1 1
𝑠1 = 𝑣0 𝑡1 + 2 𝑔𝑡1 2 𝑠2 = 𝑣0 𝑡2 + 2 𝑔𝑡2 2
1 1
𝑠1 = 9.8𝑡1 2 + (−9.8)𝑡1 2 𝑠2 = (0)(5 − 𝑡1 )2 + (9.8)(5 − 𝑡1 )2
2 2

𝑠1 = 4.9𝑡1 2 𝑠2 = 4.9(5 − 𝑡1 )2
d. Height attained in going up and down are equal

4.9𝑡1 2 = 4.9(5 − 𝑡1 )2 ; 𝑠1 = 𝑠2

4.9𝑡1 2 = 4.9(25 − 10𝑡1 + 𝑡1 2 )

𝑡1 2 = 25 − 10𝑡1 + 𝑡1 2
𝑡1 = 2.5 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
e. Height attained

𝑠1 = 4.9(2.5)2
𝑠1 = 30.63 𝑚 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅
Rectilinear Motion with Variable Acceleration (PINEDA, Nikko S.)

PROBLEM:
1
The movement of the particle is given by the equation S= t3- 3t2+3t, where s is in ft and t in 3 seconds. Find
the velocity and acceleration when t=2 seconds.

Solution:
𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑣
V= 𝑑𝑡 a= 𝑑𝑡
2 2
V= 3t2- 3 t+3 a= 6t - 3
2 2
V= 3(3)2 - 3 (3) + 3 a= 6(2) - 3
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
V= 13.667 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓 a= 11.333 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝒂𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆r
Rectilinear Motion with Variable Acceleration (PINZON, Mil Ivan P.)
Problem:

The motion of a particle along a straight line is governed by the relation, 𝛼 = 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 7 , where 𝛼 is
the acceleration in 𝑚/𝑠 2 and 𝑡 is the time in seconds. At time 𝑡 = 1sec. , the velocity of the particle is 3.58 𝑚 ∕ 𝑠
and the displacement is 9.39 𝑚. Calculate the displacement and velocity at 𝑡 = 2𝑠𝑒𝑐.

Given:
𝛼 = 𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 7 𝑡1 = 1 sec
v = 3.58 𝑚 ∕ 𝑠 𝑡2 = 2 sec
S = 9.39 𝑚

Solution:
Applying 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑎 𝑑𝑡 and integrating between the given limits, we have

𝜈 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑣 = ∫ (𝑡 3 − 2𝑡 2 + 7) 𝑑𝑡
3.58 1

𝑡
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡3
[𝑣]𝑣3.58 = [ ] − 2 [ ] + 7[𝑡]1𝑡
41 3 1

𝑡 4 1 2𝑡 3 2
𝑣 − 3.58 = − − + + 7𝑡 − 7
4 4 3 3

𝑡4 2𝑡 3
𝑣= 4
− 3
+ 7𝑡 − 3 eqn. 1

Applying ds= 𝑣 dt and integrating between the given limits, we have

𝑆 𝑡
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 𝑣 𝑑𝑡
9.39 1

𝑡
𝑆
𝑡 4 2𝑡 3
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ ( − + 7𝑡 − 3) 𝑑𝑡
9.39 4 3
1

𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
𝑠
1 𝑡5 2 𝑡4 𝑡2
[𝑠]9.39 = [ ] − [ ] + 7 [ ] − 3[𝑡]1𝑡
4 5 1 3 4 1 2 1
 𝑡5 1 𝑡 4 1 7𝑡 2 7
𝑠 − 9.39 = − − + + − − 3𝑡 + 3
20 20 6 6 2 2

𝑡5 𝑡4 7𝑡 2
𝑠 = 20 − 6
+ 2
− 3𝑡 + 9 eqn. 2

Substitute t= 2 sec. in eqn. 1 & eqn.2

𝑡4 2𝑡 3 𝑡5 𝑡4 7𝑡 2
𝑣= 4
− 3
+ 7𝑡 − 3 𝑠 = 20 − 6
+ 2
− 3𝑡 + 9

(2)4 2(2)3 (2)5 (2)4 7(2)2

𝑣= 4
− 3
+ 7(2) − 3 𝑠= 20
− 6
+ 2
− 3(2) + 9

𝑣 = 9.67 𝑚/𝑠 Answer 𝑠 = 15.93 𝑚

CORRECTION & ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FOR THE VALUE OF DISPLACEMENT

𝑠2 = 15.93𝑚 , is the position of a particle at t = 2 sec.

(0)5 04 7(0)2
𝑠0 = − + − 3(0) + 9
20 6 2
𝑠0 = 9m, is the position of a particle at t = 0 sec.

For displacement, we get the difference between the final position and initial position of a particle

𝑠2 − 𝑠0
15.93𝑚 - 9m

s = 6.93 m Answer
Rectilinear Motion with Variable Acceleration (NUÑEZ, Ferdinand Matthew R.)
PROBLEM:

The motion of a particle in a rectilinear motion is defined by 𝑎 = 6√𝑣 where 𝑎 is in 𝑓𝑝𝑠 2 and 𝑣 in 𝑓𝑝𝑠.
When 𝑡 = 2 𝑠𝑒𝑐, 𝑣 = 36 𝑓𝑝𝑠 and 𝑠 = 30 𝑓𝑡. Determine the of 𝑠 at 𝑡 = 3 𝑠𝑒𝑐.
Solution:

a. Velocity
𝑑𝑣
𝑎 = 6√𝑣 𝑎= 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= 6√𝑣
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣
= 𝑑𝑡
6√𝑣
𝑣 𝑡
𝑑𝑣
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
36 6√𝑣 2
𝑣
√𝑣
] = 𝑡]𝑡2
3 36

√𝑣 √36
− =𝑡−2
3 3
√𝑣
=𝑡
3
√𝑣 = 3𝑡
𝑣 = 9𝑡 2

b. Displacement after 3 sec

𝑑𝑠
𝑣 = 9𝑡 2 𝑣=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠
= 9𝑡 2
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑠 = 9𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑠 3
∫ 𝑑𝑠 = ∫ 9𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
30 2
𝑠
𝑠]30 = 3𝑡 3 ]32
𝑠 − 30 = 3(3)3 − 3(2)3
𝑠 − 30 = 81 − 24
𝑠 = 87 𝑓𝑡 Answer
Motion Curves (PINZON, Mil Ivan P.)
Problem:
The figure shows a diagram of acceleration-time curve for a particle moving along x-axis for a time
interval of 0 to 40 sec. For the same interval plot.
a. The velocity-time curve
b. The displacement-time curve

Solution:
12
a) 𝑎1 = 20 𝑡
3
𝑣1 = 10 𝑡 2 + 𝑐1
12
b) 𝑎2 = − 20 (𝑡 − 40)
3
𝑎2 = − 5 𝑡 + 24

3 𝑡2
𝑣2 = − 5 ( 2 ) + 24𝑡 + 𝐶2
3
𝑣2 = − 10 𝑡 2 + 24𝑡 + 𝑐2

When 𝑣1 = 0, 𝑡=0, 𝑐1 =0
3 3
𝑣1 = 10 𝑡 2 = 10 (20)2 = 120 m/s

When 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 , 𝑡= 20
3
120 = − (20)2 + 24(20) + 𝐶2
10
𝑐2 = −240
3 2
𝑣2 = − 𝑡 + 24𝑡 − 240
10
When 𝑡= 40
3
𝑣2 = − (40)2 + 24(40) − 240
10
𝑣2 = 240 m/s

3
c) 𝑣1 = 10 𝑡 2

1 3
𝑠1 = 𝑡 + 𝐶1
10

When s= 0, 𝑡= 0, 𝑐1 = 0
1 3
𝑠1 = 𝑡
10
When 𝑡= 20
1
𝑠1 = (20)3
10
𝑆1 = 800𝑚

3
d) 𝑣2 = − 10 𝑡 2 + 24𝑡 − 240

1 3
𝑠2 = − 𝑡 + 12𝑡 2 − 240𝑡 + 𝐶1
10
When 𝑠1 = 𝑠2 , 𝑡= 20
1
800 = − 10 (20)3 + 12(20)2 − 240(20) + 𝐶1

𝑐1 = 1600
When 𝑡= 40
1
𝑠2 = − 10 𝑡 3 + 12𝑡 2 − 240𝑡 + 1600

1
𝑠2 = − (40)3 + 12(40)2 − 240(40) + 1600
10

𝑠2 = 4800m Answer
Motion Curves (PINEDA, Nikko S.)
PROBLEM:
𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑡
A car with a velocity of 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐 is moving along a straight line with varying acceleration from 0 to 15𝑠𝑒𝑐2 in
12 seconds. Using motion curves and checking by calculus, determine the initial velocity and change in
displacement throughout the 12-second interval.
Solution:
a. Get the value of the velocity
15
𝑎= 𝑡
12
15
𝑣 = 24 𝑡 2 + 𝐶
5
𝑣 = 𝑡2 + 𝐶
8

b. When 𝑣 = 60, 𝑡 = 12 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑠

5
𝑣 = 8 𝑡2 + 𝐶
5
60 = (12)2 + 𝐶
8
5
60 = (144) + 𝐶
8

60 = 5 (18) + 𝐶
60 = 90 + 𝐶
60 − 90 = 𝐶
𝐶 = −30
5
𝑣 = 𝑡 2 − 30
8

c. If 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 , 𝑡 = 0

5
𝑣𝑜 = 8 𝑡 2 + 𝐶
5
𝑣𝑜 = 8 (0)2 − 30

𝑣𝑜 = −30

d. ∆𝑠 = 𝑣𝑜(𝑡2 − 𝑡1) + ∆𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑎𝑡 ∗ 𝑡2

1 1
∆𝑠 = −30(12 − 0) + (15)(12)( )(12)
2 3

∆𝑠 = −360 + (15)(6)(4)
∆𝑠 = −360 + 360
∆𝑠 = 0
Kinetics of Rectilinear Motion: Analysis as a Particle (Ramos, Mierell Louise V.)
PROBLEM:
𝑓𝑡
For what value(s) of the angle 𝛩 will the acceleration of the 80-lb block be 26 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 to the right?

SOLUTION:
Given:
𝑓𝑡
𝑎 = 26 ; 𝜇 = 0.5
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑘
Diagram: FBD:

a. Solving for N b. Solving 𝐅𝐟

∑𝐹𝑉 = 0 𝐹𝑓 = 𝜇𝑘 𝑁
𝑁 − 𝑊 + 𝑃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 0 𝐹𝑓 = 0.5(80 − 100𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
𝑁 = 80 − 100𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝐹𝑓 = 40 − 50𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
c. Solving for 𝜃
∑𝐹𝐻 = 0
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝐹𝑓 − 𝐹𝑖 = 0
80
100𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 40 + 50𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − (26) = 0
32.2
100𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 50𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 104.5963 = 0
2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 2.091926 = 0

√1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 2.091926 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃

1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = (2.091926 − 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)2

5𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 − 8.3677𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 3.3762 = 0

8.3677 ± √8.36772 − 4(5)(3.3762)

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 =
2(5)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0.9947, 0.6788
𝜃 = 𝟓. 𝟗𝟎°, 𝟒𝟕. 𝟐𝟓° 𝐴𝑁𝑆𝑊𝐸𝑅
Kinetics of Rectilinear Translation: Analysis as a Particle (NUÑEZ, Ferdinand Matthew R.)
Problem:

Determine the force 𝑃 that will give the body in the figure an acceleration of 6 𝑓𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 . The
coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.2.

𝑊𝑏 = 322 lb
Given: P
Fi
𝑓𝑡 3
𝑎=6
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 4
𝜇 = 0.2
F
𝑊𝑏 = 322 𝑙𝑏

Req’d: force P

Solution: N
𝐹 = 𝜇N

a. ∑ 𝐹𝑉 = 0

3
N + P ( ) − 𝑊𝑏 = 0
5
3
N = 322 𝑙𝑏 − P ( )
5
3
𝐹 = 0.2 [322 𝑙𝑏 − P ( )]
5
b. ∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0
4
P (5) − Fi − F = 0

4 322 𝑙𝑏 𝑓𝑡 3
P( ) − 𝑓𝑡 (6 )− 0.2 [322 𝑙𝑏 − P ( )] = 0
5 32.2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 5
𝑠𝑒𝑐2

4 0.6
P (5) − 60 𝑙𝑏 − 64.4 𝑙𝑏 + 𝑃 ( 5 ) = 0

4.6
P ( 5 ) = 124.40 𝑙𝑏

P = 135.22 Answer
Dynamic Equilibrium in Translation: Analysis as a Rigid Body (ROSALES, Hannah Nicole J.)
Problem:
A skier is on a 25° slope. His mass is 80kg. The kinetic
coefficient of friction between his skis and the snow is μs=0.08. His
velocity is 9 m/s.
A. What is his acceleration in the direction parallel to the slope?
B. What is his velocity when he was gone 20m. down the slope?

Solution:
a) Acceleration of the skier parallel to the slope
𝛴𝐹𝑣 = 0
𝑁1 − 80𝑘𝑔 (9.81) 𝑐𝑜𝑠25° = 0
𝑁1 = 80𝑘𝑔 (9.81) 𝑐𝑜𝑠25°
𝑁1 = 711.27
𝐹1 = μ𝑠 𝑁1
𝐹1 = (0.08)(711.27)
𝐹1 = 56.90 𝑁
𝛴𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
80 (9.81) 𝑠𝑖𝑛25° − 56.90 = 80𝑎
𝒂 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟑 𝒎/𝒔𝟐 answer
b) Velocity of the skier when he was gone 20m. down the slope
𝑉𝑓2 = 𝑉𝑜2 + 2𝑎𝑆

𝑉𝑓2 = (9)2 + 2(3.43)(20)

𝑽𝒇 = 𝟏𝟒. 𝟕𝟕 𝒎/𝒔 answer