Vector Integration Vector Line Integrals
Vector Integration Vector Line Integrals
Vector Integration Vector Line Integrals
Consider a curve C in space which consist of infinitesimally small line elements of length dr.
Then the line integral of a vector 𝐴(𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) along the curve C is defined to be the sum of
If C is a closed curve which do not intersect anywhere, the line integral around C is denoted
by 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟
If 𝐹 is the force acted upon by a particle in displacing it along the curve C then represents
the 𝐹 𝑑𝑟
represents the total work done by the force. It also represents the circulation of 𝐹 about
C where 𝐹 represents the velocity of the fluid.
𝐹 is said to be irrotational if 𝐹 . 𝑑𝑟 = 0
Problems:
1. If F x y i y z j z x k , Evaluate F.d r where C is the curve represented by
c
x t , y t 2 , z t 3 , 1 t 1.
Soln: we have F x y i y z j z x k and r x i y j z k will give
d r d xi d y j d z k
2 3
Since, x t , y t , z t by data, we obtain dx dt, dy 2t dt, dz 3t 2 dt
F . d r t 3 dt t 5 2 t dt t 4 3t 2 dt
F . d r t 3 2 t 6 3 t 6 dt t 3 5 t 6 dt
1 1
1 t 4 t 7 1 1 1 1 10
F . d r t 5 t dt 4 5 7 4 4 5 7 7 7
3 6
C t 1 1 1
2. Evaluate F . d r where
C
F x y i x 2 y 2 j along
(i) The path of the straight line from 0,0to 1, 0 and then to 1,1
Soln:
F . d
r x y d x x 2
y 2
d y.......... .......... ....1
C C
F .d r F . d r F . d r .......... .......... .......... .2
C OA AB
Along O A : y 0 d y 0 and 0 x 1
From (1), F .d r 0.......... .......... .......... .......... ......... 3
OA
Along A B : x 1 d x 0 and 0 y 1
3 1
1
1 .......... .....4
y 1 4
From (1), F . d r 0 1 y 2 d y y
AB y 0 3
y 0
3 3
4 4
Using 3 and 4 in 2 we obtain F .d r 0
3 3
C
(ii) C is the straight line joining 0, 0 and 1, 2
F . d r x y d x x
Hence from (1),
2
y 2 d y.......... .......... ....1
C C
1
F .d r
2 2
x .2 x d x x 4 x 2d x
C x 0
1
1 x3
Thus F . d r 12 x dx 12 4
2
x 0
C 3 0
3. If F x i x y j evaluate F . d r
2
where F x y i x 2 y 2 j along
C
(i) The line 𝑦 = 𝑥
(ii) The parabola 𝑦 = 𝑥
2
Soln: F . d r x d x x yd y
C
(i) Along y x : we have 0 x 1 and dy dx
1
1 1 1 2 x3 2
2 2 2
F . d r x d x x d x 2 x d x
C x 0 x 0 x 0 3 x 0 3
2 2 sin 3 cos 2
24 sin cos d 2 sin 2 d 24
2
2 0
0 0 3 2