Fire Prevention and Protection For Building and Structures: Vietnamese Standard 2622: 1995

VIETNAMESE STANDARD 2622 : 1995
FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION

FOR BUILDING AND STRUCTURES
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
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Vietnamese Standard 2622 : 1995
FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION FOR BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTIONS
Design requirements
1. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
The application of this standard is required. Other standards, which
require higher specifications and safety, shall be prevailed.
This standard covers principal requirements regarding to fire prevention
and protection during design, construction and repair of buildings and
structures as well as design verification and approval.
In addition to this standard, related requirements of other existing
standards shall be applied to the design of buildings and structures.
Special structures such as storage of flammable materials, or toxic
chemicals shall require specific fire prevention and protection
requirements. Only appropriate requirements of this standard shall be
applied to these structures.
Only Exits part of this standard shall be applied to temporary structures
with life under 5 years, other items shall be referenced.
2. GENERAL REGULATIONS
2.1. Design of buildings, structures, group of structures including those are

designed and invested by foreigners must be applied fire prevention and
protection requirements and approved by Firefighting Department.
2.2. Buildings and structures are classified with 5 fire resisting classes: I, II, III,
IV, V. Fire resisting class of buildings and structures is defined in
accordance with fireproof level of major construction materials. Refer to
Table 2.
2.3. Industrial production structures are classified with six (6) production
classes as per fire and explosion hazards of production technology and
characteristics of their substances and raw materials. Refer to Table 1.
Production Characteristics of substances and materials

Class
A Combustible gas with lower limit of fire-explosion concentration

lower than 10% air volume and liquids with burning
Fire & temperature lower than 280C, if the liquid and gas can combine
explosion to become combustible mix with volume higher than 5% air
danger volume in room; substances that can cause fire or explosion
when interactive each other or with water or oxygen in the air
B Combustible gas with lower limit of fire-explosion concentration

Fire & higher than 10% air volume and liquids with burning
explosion temperature between 280C to 610C, the liquids, which are
danger heated to the temperature equal or higher than the burning
temperature at production conditions; combustible dust or fiber
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Design requirements
Production Characteristics of substances and materials

Class
with lower fire-explosion limit equal or lower than 65g/m3. If

these above liquids, gases and dusts may combine to be easy
explosion mix with volume higher than 5% air volume in the
room.
C The liquids with burning temperature higher than 610C;

combustible dusts or fibers with lower fire-explosion limit higher
Fire danger than 65g/m3; inflammable solids or substances. The
substances that may be burn when interacting with water, air or
interacting each others.
D Substances and materials shall not be burned in hot, burning

or burning hot states that the process generates heat radiating,
Not present spark and flame; solid, liquid and gas substances that are burnt
dangers of or used as the fuel.
production
E Substances and materials that are incombustible in cool state

Not present
dangers of
production
F The flammable gas not changing to liquid phase, dusts with

explosion danger with the quantity enough to form the
Explosion explosion mix with volume higher than 5% room volume that
danger there is only explosion danger (without fire) at the process
condition. Substances that may cause explosion (without fire)
when interacting with water, oxygen in the air
Legend:
1. Refer to Appendix B for production structures belong to respective
production class.
2. Production class of storages shall be defined as per fire and explosion
dangers of their goods and materials in compliance with regulations of
Table 1.
3. Production technologies using fuel for burning such as liquid, gas and
vapor or fire are not A, B, C classes.
2.4. Construction materials and structures are classified as per fire degree:
incombustible, uninflammable, and flammable. Refer to Appendix A.
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Design requirements
3. Terminologies - Definitions
(As per TCVN 5303-90. Fire Safety. Terminologies - Definitions)
Terminologies Definitions
1. Combustible Substance under fire or high temperature burns, smolders
substance or carbonizes and smolders or carbonizes after isolating
fire source.
2. Uninflammable Substance under fire or high temperature burns, smolder,
Substance or carbonizes and continues to burn, smolders or
carbonizes with fire source but stops burning or
smoldering after isolating fire source.
3. Incombustible Substance under fire or high temperature do not burn,
Substance smoulder or carbonize.
4. Fireproof Characteristics of components and structures are able to
maintain fireproof ability as well as to prevent from
establishing cavities and heating to critical temperature
and fire spreading.
5. Fireproof Level Time (minutes or hours) from beginning of fire testing in
accordance with standard of samples to presentation of
one of limited status of structures and components.
6. Type of Fire Type of fire resisting construction of a building or structure
Resisting is defined by fireproof level of major construction
Construction of a components.
Building
7. Inflammation Minimum temperature of fire substance, at this
Temperature temperature fire substance will flame when fire source
presents and continue to burn after eliminating fire source.
8. Limited Lower or upper limit of fire substance (vapor, gas, fire
Concentration of dust) in ....can flame when fire source presents.
Inflammation
9. Limited Lower or upper limit of fire substance responds to lower or
Temperature of upper limit of inflammation concentration.
Inflammation
10. Fire Spreading Horizontal or vertical distance of fire spreading per unit of
Speed time.
11. Fire Source Energy source leads to burning of substance.
12. Burning Oxidization radiates light and heat
13. Flame External formation shows burning in vapor or dust cloud
states.
14. Spark Light and heat element of substance is sparkled or
discharged in vapor.
15. Incandescence Solid heating status, characterized by heat radiation and
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Design requirements
Terminologies Definitions
lighting.
16. Smoulder Burning of organic solid does not form flame, often incurs
when not enough oxygen and creates smoke.
17. Carbonization Formation of carbon and ashes resulted from pyrolysis or
incomplete burning of organic substance.
18. Combustion Active and controlled burning.
19. Fire Uncontrolled burning can cause damage to human and
properties.
20. Fire Cause Condition and (or) status directly cause fire.
21. Threat of Fire Status characterized by ability that directly generates fire.
22. Fire Hazard Ability of generate and develop fire available in substance,
environment or in certain process.
23. Fire Safety Status or characteristics of products, production methods,
facilities and areas ensure to eliminate fire generation
ability and minimize damages resulted from fire by using
organization methods, technical and process proposals.
24. Evacuation Evacuation of human from fire hazard area follows the
exits to the safety areas.
25. Evacuation Document displays exits and defines responses of
Plan everybody, responsibilities of authorized persons during
evacuating from fire.
26. Fire Prevention All requirements, methods, facilities and measures aim at
System eliminating fire generation abilities.
27. Fire Protection All requirements, methods, facilities and measures aim at
System preventing fire, restricting spread, ensure to stamp out
fire, forbid hazard and harmful factors to the human being,
minimize damages to the properties.
28. Fire Fighting Operation of human and fire fighting equipment with
Operation application of methods to forbid spreading and stamp out
fire.
29. Fire Substance with physical and chemical characteristics that
Extinguishing can stop and stamp out fire.
Agent
30. Fire Water Methods and equipment, facilities to reserve and transport
Supply water for fire fighting.
31. Method of Fire Method using fire fighting agents and necessary
Fighting equipment and other methods to forbid spread and stamp
out fire.
32. Fire Liquidation Operation of human and fire fighting equipment, with
application of methods to stamp out fire and eliminate
ability of re-fire.
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Design requirements
4. Referenced Documents
1. TCVN 2622: 1978. Fire Prevention and Protection for Buildings and
Structures. Design requirements
2. TCVN 5303:1990. Fire Safety. Terminologies and Definitions
3. TCVN 4513: 1988. Inside Water Supply.
4. TCVN 5760: 1993. Fire Fighting System, General Requirements of
Design, Installation and Using.
5. TCVN 5738: 1993. Fire Alarm System. Design requirements
5. Fireproof of Substance, Component of Buildings and Structures
5.1. The minimum fire resistance level and burning level of main structure
conform to fireproof level of building and construction, are stipulated in
table 2.
Table 2
Fireproof limit(Minutes)
Fireproof Concrete Paving and Paving and
Level Column, other other
Stair External Interna
Stair- components components
Wall l Wall
room of floor of roof
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
I 150 60 30 30 60 30
II 120 60 15 15 45 15
III 120 60 15 15 45 Not defined
IV 30 15 15 15 15 Not defined
V Not defined
Legend:
1. For buildings having fire resisting class III the floors of ground floor
and upper floors shall be of uninflammable substances, the floors of
basement shall be of incombustible substances with fireproof limit not
less than 60 minutes;
2. For buildings having fire resisting class IV, V the floors of basement
shall be of uninflammable substances with fire resistance limit under
45 minutes;
3. The floor of production, using or storing flammable and combustible
liquids shall be of incombustible substance;
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Design requirements
4. For buildings having attic floor which bearing components of the attic
are of incombustible substance the roof of combustible substance is
allowed and not subjected to the fire resisting class of the building;
5. For buildings far from railway (of boiler) under 30m, roof shall not be
of combustible substance.
5.2. The increase of fireproof level of some components cannot consider as

the increase of type of fire resisting construction of a building or structure.
5.3. For fireproof level I, II, allow not conform to the fire resistance as
stipulated in table 2 when:
a) Using unprotected steel structures in one-storey production building,
which is not depended on fire hazard of production class in the building;
b) Using unprotected steel structures in multi-storeys production building in
which production class is Class D and E;
c) Using steel structures in multi-storeys production building in which
production class is Class A, B and C provided that steel structures to be
protected by fireproof material with fire resistance limit not less than 45
minutes in all storeys except the top storey;
d) Using steel structures to cover roof, basement floor, roof and floor in
buildings, public constructions with fire resisting class I, II which are
protected by incombustible material or by fireproof coating, with fire
resistance limit not less than 45 minutes. For buildings and public
constructions with over 10 storeys, the structures shall be protected by
fireproof materials, with fire resistance limit not less than 60 minutes.
5.4. Fire resistance limit (minutes) of components mainly of wood in one-storey

building of agricultural construction, public construction, storage, and
production building with fireproof level II are defined in Table 3.
Table 3
Fireproof Components mainly of wood

level of
construction Pillar External Wall of Roof Bearing Internal
and building Suspended Panel Wall (Partition)
II 120 30 30 45 15
Note:
1) For production buildings, public constructions, storage and
production class B, components specified in Table 3 shall be
fireproof treatment.
2) The components mentioned above are not permitted to use for
production buildings, storages with production class A & B.
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Design requirements
5.5. Minimum fire resistance limit (minutes) of fire prevention elements or of

buildings of all 5 fire resisting classes are defined as follows:
Name of Fire Prevention Elements Minimum Fire

Resistance Limit
(minutes)
1. Fire prevention walls 150
2. Fire prevention doors, windows, gates 70
3. Fire prevention partition 45
4. Fire prevention door, window and partition in transition 40

room of production building Class A, B, C, door of attic
basement, fireproof sky window
5. Fireproof floors (between storeys, attic basement, semi- 60

floor) in buildings with fire resisting class I.
6. Fireproof floors (between storeys, attic basement, semi- 45

floor) in buildings with fire resisting class II, III & IV.
Fire prevention elements must be made of fireproof materials.
5.6. Doors, windows, sky window, floor, semi-wall, decorated substance on the
ceiling, on the wall in the buildings belong to all 5 types of fire resisting
construction are permitted to be of combustible substance, except for
components mentioned in item 5.5.
5.7. Bearing elements of stairs in buildings with fire resisting class I, II and III
(brace, steps, etc.) shall be of incombustible substance with fire resistance
limit at least 60 minutes.
Stair of 2-storey house is permitted to be of wood.
5.8. Wall, partition and floor of escalator room and lifting shed in buildings of
any fire resisting class shall be of incombustible substance with fire
resistance limit at least 60 minutes. If escalator is outside, the fire
resistance limit is not less than 30 minutes.
5.9. Combustible substance is permitted for heat insulation on surface of

concrete panel, concrete beam and asbestos cement in roof of buildings
with fire resisting class I, II. The heat insulation in tole or metal roof shall
be of uninflammable or incombustible substance.
Combustible substance is permitted for heat insulation on surface of steel
plate, asbestos cement as well as panel in one and 2-storey production
buildings with fireproof level I and II, one storey storage with fireproof level
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Design requirements
II. Auto cooling system by water can be used for production buildings,
storage class A, B, C. Combustible composite is not permitted for heat
insulation in these buildings.
5.10. Uninflammable substance shall be used for heat insulation if external

walls of one and two-storey buildings with fire resisting class II, III are of
steel plate or asbestos cement panel.
5.11. For living buildings over 3 storeys, partitions between units shall be of
incombustible substance with fire resistance limit at least 60 minutes.
Walls between flats must be of incombustible substance with fire
resistance limit at least 40 minutes. For buildings under 6 storeys with fire
resisting class II, III walls in a flat is permitted by inflammable substance
with fire resistance limit at least 15 minutes.
…of building with fire resisting class I shall be of incombustible substance
with fire resistance limit at least 30 minutes and of building with fire
resisting class II, III, IV shall be of incombustible or uninflammable
substance with fire resistance limit at least 15 minutes. For building with
fire resisting class II, production class D, E …….by glass wall.
5.12. For buildings with fire resisting class I, II, III, floor and ceiling of basement,
ground floors shall be of incombustible substance with fire resistance limit
at least 90 minutes.
5.13. For buildings with fire resisting class I, II, III over 3 storeys, floor of stair
room, hall having path from stair to the door the fire resistance limit shall
be at least 60 minutes.
Note:
1) For living buildings upto 3 storeys with fire resisting class III the fire
resistance limit of floor, door of stair room and hall shall be permitted 45
minutes, if having direct exits to the outside;
2) For cinemas, clubs, house of culture, meeting-hall with fire resisting
class II the floor of spectator room and waiting room shall be of
incombustible substance with fire resistance limit at least 60 minutes;
3) Floor and ceiling of stage equipment store shall be of incombustible
substance with fire resistance limit at least 60 minutes;
4) If hospital, maternity hospital, cinema, club, house of culture, shop
having boiler room and flammable material store the floor and ceiling of
these apartments shall be of incombustible substance with fire
resistance limit at least 90 minutes for buildings with fire resisting class
II & III, and 60 minutes for buildings with fire resisting class IV & V;
5) For buildings with fire resisting class IV and V that have basement and
ground floors, the floor on them shall be of incombustible substance
with fire resistance at least 60 minutes.
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Design requirements
6) For meeting hall, spectator room that have attic basement, the floor of
attic basement shall be of uninflammable substance with fire resistance
limit at least 60 minutes.
5.14. Suspended ceiling case shall be of incombustible substance. Combustible

substance is permitted to be used for suspended ceiling except ceiling in
common corridor, stair, stair room, hall, waiting room in buildings having
fire resisting class I to IV.
Gutter or duct transporting air, dust mixture, combustible liquid and
substance shall not be installed in space between suspended ceiling and
roof.
5.15. Structures forming slope of the floors shall comply with fire resistance limit
of pavements and bearing components of the floors specified in Table 2.
5.16. The floor of production room using or storing combustible liquids shall be
of incombustible substance.
Pavements of wall, main corridor door, stair room, hall, waiting room,
living room in buildings with fire resisting class I to IV, shall not be of
combustible substance. The floor of stair room hall, … shall not be of
combustible substance. External wall surface in buildings having fire
resisting class I to III shall not be furnished with combustible and
uninflammable substance.
Door of wall-cabinet for hydrant of combustible substance is permitted.
5.17. In industrial zones, temporary house of combustible substance shall not

be used when a building of any production class begins operation.
6. Fire Prevention Elements
6.1. Fire Prevention Elements of a building consist of fire prevention wall,

partition, floor, area; fire prevention apartment; fire prevention door and
opening, isolation valve.
6.2. Fire prevention elements shall be of incombustible substance. Doors,

openings, windows and structures of fire prevention elements shall be
made from incombustible or uninflammable materials with specified fire
resistance limits.
6.3. Fire prevention wall shall be constructed from foundation or foundation

beam upto height of the building, crossing all structures and floors. Fire
prevention wall can be constructed directly on incombustible frame of the
building or structure provided that fire resistance limit of the frame part
adjoining the fire prevention wall is not lower than fire resistance limit of
the fire prevention wall.
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Design requirements
6.4. Fire prevention wall shall be higher 60cm than roof level if roof or any
component of roof and attic basement is of combustible substance, not
less than 30cm if of uninflammable substance.
Fire prevention wall will be as high as roof level if all components of roof
and attic basement are made from incombustible materials.
Note: Fire prevention wall or partition, in rooms having suspended ceiling,
artificial ceiling shall also divide the space above ceiling.
6.5. For buildings having external walls of uninflammable or combustible

substance the fire prevention wall shall cross these walls and extrude not
less than 30cm from the wall surface. The fire prevention wall shall not be
extruded from external wall surface if the external wall is of incombustible
substance.
6.6. Opening in the wall adjoining the fire prevention wall shall far from the
crossing of these walls at least 4m horizontally and fire resistance limit of
the door shall be at least 45 minutes.
6.7. Duct of smoke, permit to install ventilation in fire prevention wall. The joint
between duct and wall shall be sealed by grout and fire resistance limit of
the wall at this position shall be not less than 150 minutes.
6.8. Fire prevention wall shall be designed to ensure stability in case of one-
direction destroy caused by fire of floor, roof or other structure.
6.9. Fire prevention floor shall be sealed with external wall made from
incombustible substance. When external wall of the building is capable of
fire spreading or installed with glass, the fire prevention floor shall cross
the wall and glass.
6.10. In any case, fire prevention area with width not less than 12m can be used
instead of fire prevention wall. Fire prevention area is the transition area
separating the building through width (length) and height of the building.
Using or storing combustible gas, liquid and substance as well as
generation of flammable dust are permitted in the rooms in the fire
prevention area. Fire resistance limit of components and parts of the
building in the fire prevention area shall be ensured of:
1. 45 minutes for separation wall between fire prevention area and
other areas;
2. 15 minutes for partition;
3. 150 minutes for column;
4. 45 minutes for floor, roof and external wall.
Note: Fire prevention area with width not less than 6m can be used instead
of fire prevention wall for one-storey building with fire resisting class III, IV,
V in which combustible gas, liquid as well as generation of flammable dust
is not used or stored
Page 11 of 44
Design requirements
6.11. Fire prevention wall between fire prevention area and other areas shall be
constructed with fire resistance limit not less than 45 minutes and
incombustible vertical separation plate within height of bearing
components of the roof but not less than 1.5m.
6.12. Structural solutions of fire prevention area in designed buildings must

ensure functions of fire prevention area if structures connecting to it are
destroyed from one side resulted from fire.
6.13. In fire prevention elements, doors, windows, gates, openings and valves
can be installed provided that they are capable of fire prevention or there
is a fire prevention transition area. General area of doors, windows and
openings in a fire prevention element shall not exceed 25% its area, fire
prevention doors and gates shall be of automatic close, fire prevention
windows shall not be of automatic open.
6.14. Wall, floor, door of transition apartment shall be capable of fire prevention.
In transition apartment, combustiblle doors with thickness not less than
4cm can be used if these doors open to the rooms which do not use or
store inflammable substance as well as there is not any generation of
combustible dust.
6.15. Duct, ditch for transportation of combustible vapors, liquids and solids as
well as combustible dust and materials crossing fire prevention wall, floor
and area is prohibited.
6.16. Pipelines, canals, wells (except water, steam pipelines) for transportation
of substances and materials different from the above-mentioned in 6.15
when crossing fire prevention wall, floor and area shall be installed with
automatic prevention spread of fire products in canals, wells and pipelines
in case of fire occurrence.
6.17. Structures around escalator well and escalator’s engine shed, canals,
wells, wall cavities for installation of ducts or pipelines, shall ensure
requirements of fire prevention wall, floor and partition with fire resistance
limit not less than 60 minutes.
Note: Incase of cannot install fire prevention wall at wall well of elevator
then must place the buffer room with fireproof partitions of fire resistance
limit of 45 minutes.
Page 12 of 44
Design requirements
7. Escape exit
7.1. Escape exit must ensure everyone in the room, building to escape safely,
not to be hidden by smoke, in necessary time for evacuation in case of fire
occurrence.
7.2. Exits will be considered as escape exit if they meet one of the following
conditions:
a. From the ground floor to the outside directly or through corridor, hall,
stair;
b. From any floor, excluding ground floor, to the corridor leading to the
stair room including through transition apartment. The stair room must
have exit to the outside directly or through hall that is separated with
corridors by partition with doors; To the next rooms in the same floor
that have exits as mentioned in item a) and b) above.
One of the exits from 2 stair rooms through common hall shall, in addition
to the exit through hall, have exit to the outside directly.
Exits through transition apartment are permitted;
Exits from basement to the outside shall be direct.
7.3. Exits can be door, corridor or exit to the inside or outside stair leading to
the street or roof, or safety area. Exit is also crossway to the nearby
building with the same elevation.
7.4. Escalator is not considered as emergency exit.
7.5. Exits must be easy to see and route to the exits must be marked clearly
by symbols.
7.6. Mirror is permitted to install near the exit.
7.7. Number of exits in a building shall not be less than 2; exits must be
distributed dispersedly.
Farthest distance from crowded people area to the nearest exit is defined
in Table 4, 5.
Page 13 of 44
Design requirements
Table 4 – Farthest distance from working area to the nearest exit in

production building
Allowable Farthest Distance in a Building (m)

Production Fire Resisting
1 storey Multi-storeys
Class Class
2 storeys > 2 storeys
A I & II 50 40 40
B I & II 100 75 75
C III 80 60 60
IV 50 30 -
V 50 - -
D I & II Not defined Not defined

III 100 60 60
IV 50 40 -
V 50 - -
E I & II Not defined Not defined

III 100 75 75
IV 60 50 75
V 50 40 75
F Main construction 100 80 75

components (wall,
column, floor shall
be of incombustible
substance
Note:
1) The distance defined in this table for one-storey building can be applied
to the ground floor of multi-storey building;
2) The distance defined in this table is permitted to increase 5% if average
area of one working area over 75m2.
3) For rooms having entrance to blind corridor, the nearest distance from
the door to the direct-outside exit, hall or stair room shall be greater than
25m.
4) The distance defined in this table will be included the length of middle
corridor if it is considered as an exit;
Page 14 of 44
Design requirements
5) For production buildings with fire resisting class I and II, production
class C, when Table 5 is not applied the exits shall be distributed in
accordance with perimeter of the building and not greater than 75m.
Table 5: Farthest Distance from Crowded People Area to the Nearest Exit
in Buildings
Allowable Farthest Distance
Fire From rooms between 2 exits From rooms to the middle

Resistin corridor or blind corridor
g Class
Auxiliary Kinder- Hospital Public Living Buildings Living
garten Construction Quarter mentioned in Quarter
column (flat type)
2,3,4,5
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
I 50 20 30 40 40 25 25
II 50 20 30 40 40 25 25
III 30 15 25 30 30 15 20
IV 25 12 20 25 25 12 15
V 20 10 15 20 20 10 10
Note:
1) For building having spectator room, the distance defined in Table 5 shall
be from the farthest seat to the nearest exit;
2) The distance from auxiliary in production building to the nearest exit or
stair room shall not exceed defined distance from farthest working area
to the exit in one-storey production building, having equivalent fire
resisting class defined in Table 4.
7.8. For room having area upto 300m 2 in the basement floor there will be one
exit if regular number of persons in the room is under 5. If number of
persons is from 6 to 15, there will be second exit through door with
dimension not less than 0.6 x 0.8m, with vertical stair or through door with
dimension not less than 0.75 x 1.5m.
7.9. To have handrail or edge wall on the roofs of buildings having one of the
following conditions:
Page 15 of 44
Design requirements
Slope of roof (%) Height from ground to the top of external

wall or eaves (m)
12 10
12 7
7.10. For buildings having height from ground to the overhanging roof or top of
external wall (roof edge wall) over 10m there must be exit to the roof from
stair room (direct or through attic basement, or outdoor fire ladder).
For living, public and administration buildings having attic basement, there
must be exits to the roof at intervals of 10m along the length of the
building, and there must be exits for every roof area of 1000m 2 where
there is no attic basement.
For production building, storage there must be fire ladders at intervals of
200m around the roof perimeter. No fire ladder in principle front of the
building will be permitted if the width of the building is not greater than
150m and there is fire water system in front of it. Other outside ladders to
the roof will be taken into account during defining number of exits to the
roof.
There must be exits to the roof with fixed ladders through doors, openings
or windows with dimension not less than 0.6 x 0.8m. One storey building
with roof area under 100m2 is permitted not to have exit to the roof.
7.11. There must be stair landing in front of the exits from stair room to the roof
or attic basement.
For living buildings, public and administration buildings having height up to
5 storeys, exits to the attic basement or roof from stair room to fire
prevention openings with fire resistance level of 36 minutes and
dimension of 0.6 x 0.8m with fixed steel steps are permitted.
7.12. Open fire ladders shall be placed on the roof, not subjected to the height
of the building, where there is different elevation over 1m
7.13. Fire ladders shall be placed in positions which are easily visible and come,
the lowest step is far from the ground 2m.
The steel ladder shall be placed vertically with width of 0.7m if the
elevation is 20m, from 10m it must have safety arc of circle with radius of
0.35m and center far from ladder 0.45m at intervals of 0.7m, having
landing at roof exit and handrail with height at least 0.6m around the
landing.
If the elevation over 20m, the steel ladder shall be used with slope not
greater than 800, width of 0.7m, having landing at intervals of 8m and
handrail.
Page 16 of 44
Design requirements
7.14. In case using outdoor fire ladder for second exit, its width shall be of 0.7m,
slope shall be greater than 600 and handrail is required.
7.15. In production buildings and public buildings (including auxiliaries of

industrial works) total width of exit, one side of the stair or escape exit
shall be defined as per the most crowded floor (excluding ground floor),
the minimum width is as follows:
a) For buildings upto 2 storeys: 0.8m for 100 persons.
b) For buildings over 3 storeys: 1m for 100 persons.
c) For spectator room (theatre, cinema, circus, meeting hall …): 0.55m
for 100 persons.
Note: for spectator rooms with fire resisting class III, IV, V total width of
door, one side of the stair or escape exit must be 0.8m for 100 persons.
7.16. If the doors open to the common corridor, width of the exit shall be as
follows:
Open to the one side of the corridor: width of corridor – ½ width of door;
Open to the both sides of the corridor: width of corridor – width of door.
7.17. Minimum allowable width of exit shall be as follows:
Exits Minimum Allowable Width (m)
Exit 1
Corridor 1.4
Door 0.8
Stair way 1.05
Note:
1) Width of the way to the separated working area is permitted to decrease
to 0.7m. Width of stair way, landing to the basement, attic basement
and exit stair for <60 persons is permitted to decrease to 0.9m;
2) Width of stair in living house is permitted to decrease to 1.2m if length of
straight corridor is less than 40m;
Width of middle corridor in hotels, schools shall be at least of 1.6m;
3) Width of landing shall not be smaller than width of stair way. Width of
landing to the escalator with horizontaly pushed door shall not be less
than 1.6m. Width of landings in hospitals, maternity hospital shall not be
less than 1.9m.
Gap between stair ways shall be at least 50mm.
Page 17 of 44
Design requirements
7.18. Height of doors at exits shall not be less than 2m. Height of doors and
ways to the rooms in which irregularly there are people as well as to
basement, ground floor and technical floor is permitted to decrease to
1.9m. Height of doors to attic basement or roof (when there is no attic
basement) is permitted to decrease to 1.5m.
7.19. Not allow placing wall cabinets except technical cabinets and boxes for
hydrants in common corridor.
Spiral stair, winding steps; accordion door, rolling door, roll-up door, swing
door is not permitted on exits.
7.20. In staircase chamber for escaping must not arrange the rooms with any
function. Must not arrange any kind of overhanging from wall things at the
height of 2.2m from the surface of steps or resting square.
7.21. In houses with fireproof level I and II, allow setting the opened staircase
inside (without divided wall of room for staircase) from waiting room to the
second storey, if the waiting room is divided from the corridor by fireproof
partition with fire resistance limit of 45 minutes.
7.22. The outside staircase intended to be spare escape exits must be made of
incombustible materials and route to resting square or corridor at the
same height with escape exits. The staircase must have slope not higher
than 450 and the width must not lower than 0.7m. The doors, doors to this
type of staircase must not have locks or outside bolts.
7.23. Not allow placing a window (except for exit) on the wall of staircase
chamber. In the hole for light must place the glass and open frame with
area not lower than 1.2m2 at each storey.
7.24. The door on escape exits must be opened to the outside.

Allow designing the doors that can be opened form inside for door to
balcony, court, door of room with having not over than15 people
frequently, door of storage with area not higher than 200m 2, doors of
medical station.
7.25. In the house living over 10 months then must design the staircase
chamber ensuring that no smoke concentration when firing. At the ground
floor must have door to go out directly.
7.26. In building from ten storeys, the corridor must be separated into segment
not longer than 60m by fireproof partitions with minimum fire resistance of
15 minutes. At the corridors, buffer rooms and halls must install the
ventilation system and open valves, which are operated automatically
when firing.
Page 18 of 44
Design requirements
8. Requirements of traffic-way and fire prevention and fighting distance

(PCCC distance)
8.1. The requirements of PCCC distance between houses and constructions

as well as the traffic-way for firefighting must be combined with the
requirements of master plan of construction area.
8.2. The PCCC distance between house and construction is the distance clear
between outside wall or outside structure between these constructions.
In case of construction having hangover structure over 1m and made of
inflammable material then the PCCC distance is the distance between
outside edges of the structures.
8.3. For house, civil construction then PCCC distance between them is
stipulated in table 6.
Table 6
Fireproof The distance to the second house with fireproof level (m)
level of the
I and II III IV V
first house
I and II 6 8 10 10
III 8 8 10 10
IV 10 10 12 15
V 10 10 15 15
Note:
1. PCCC distance between gables of house is not stipulated if the
convex wall of the highest house is the fireproof wall.
2. For 2-storey houses with frame and connecting structure and
fireproof level V then the distance stipulated in the table must be
increased 20%.
3. For the mountain, regions without hot and dry winds then must
increase distance between houses, constructions at any level of
fireproof to the houses and constructions with fireproof level IV
and V to 25%.
4. In case of outside wall of opposite houses without windows then
PCCC distance stipulated in table 6 allow reducing 20%.
8.4. The main roads, roads in region must place far from walls of house or
public house at least 5m at entrance of the houses.
8.5. Distance between region roads, which are going through or interpose the
houses, must be ensured not over 180m.
Page 19 of 44
Design requirements
8.6. Short road with one lane must not longer than 150m, at the end of road
must have ground for car turning with area:
 Equiangular triangle shape: The edge must not lower than 7m
 Square shape: The edge must not lower than 12m
 Circle shape: The diameter must not lower than 10m
8.7. The region roads going through the house, gate or corridor must ensure:
 The clear width not lower than 3.5m
 The clear height not lower than 4.25m
8.8. For industrial constructions, PCCC distance between houses and

constructions is stipulated in table 7
Table 7
Fireproof level of Distance between houses and constructions

houses and
Fireproof level of the next house or construction
constructions
I, II III IV and V
I, II Not stipulated for 9 12
house and
constructions with
production class D
and E
Equal to 9 for house
and constructions
with production class
A, B, and C
III 9 12 15
IV and V 12 15 18
Note: For houses and constructions with fireproof level I and II and
production class A, B and C stipulated in table 7, then the distance
between houses and constructions is allowed reducing from 9m to 6m if
having one of following conditions:
 Having fixed and automatic fire alarm system
 Weigh of combustible materials in the house or construction frequently
from and downward 10kg/m2 of floor
8.9. In industrial constructions, the traffic-way arrangement to each building

must be combined with the requirements of technology and way for fire
engines at outside.
Page 20 of 44
Design requirements
8.10. The way for fire engines at outside must ensure:

 Running along the building at one side when the width of building
smaller than 18m.
 Running along the building at both sides when the width of building
equal or higher than 18m
8.11. Must ensure the following conditions for the traffic-way for fire engines:
 The width not smaller than 3.5m
 Natural draining for reinforced road surface
8.12. Distance from walls of house to edge of road for fire engines must not
larger than 25m
Note:
1. Can arrange short road for fire engines in case of having ground
for car turning at the end of road as required in clause 8.6
2. Must have the way to firewater sources (lake, river, pond…). At
water taking place must have ground for car turning as required
in clause 8.6
8.13. The minimum distance from open-cast storages containing combustible

materials is stipulated in table 8
Table 8
Distance form storage to house

and construction (m)
Storage
Fireproof level
I, II II IV, V
Black coal:
- Under 1000 tons Not stipulated 6 12
- From 1000 tons to under 100.000 tons 6 6 12
Peat coal dust:
- Under 1000 tons 18 24 30
Peat coal in piece
- Under 1000 tons 12 15 18
Fire wood and Wood:
- From 1.000m3 to under 10.000m3 15 24 30
Chip of wood, sawdust:
Page 21 of 44
Design requirements
Distance form storage to house

and construction (m)
Storage
Fireproof level
I, II II IV, V
- From 1.000m3 to under 5.000m3 18 30 36
3
- Under 1.000m 13 13 24
Combustible liquid
- From 1.000m3 to under 2.000m3 30 30 36
3 3
- From 600m to under 1.000m 24 24 30
- Under 600m3 18 18 24
Inflammable liquid
- From 5.000m3 to under 10.000m3 30 30 36
3 3
- From 3.000m to under 5.000m 24 24 30
- Under 3.000m3 18 18 24
3
- Under 1.000m 12 15 18
Note:
1. Not stipulate the distance from houses, constructions to following
storages:
 Black coal storage under 100 tons
 The storages of combustible and inflammable liquid under 100m 3 or
black coal, peat coal dust or peat coal in pieces with volume under
100m3, of that the house or construction walls directed toward are
made of fireproof material.
2. For storages of wood, coal arranged higher than 2.5m, the minimum
distance directed in table 8 for houses and construction of fireproof
level IV and V must be increased 25%.
3. The distance in table 8 from storages of peat coal dust, peat coal in
pieces, wood, combustible and inflammable liquids to houses and
constructions of production class A and B as well as to houses and
public construction must be increased 25%
4. Distance from Gas distribution station to house and construction
nearby is applied item 6 of table 8.
9. Solutions for structure, process and facilities
9.1. The numbers of stories, limitary length, and maximum construction area
according to fireproof level are stipulated in table 9.
Page 22 of 44
Design requirements
Table 9
Maximum limitary length of Maximum construction area

Fire house (m) (m2)
proof Floors
level With Without With Without
fireproof wall fireproof wall fireproof wall fireproof wall
I  II Unstipulated Unstipulated 110 Unstipulated 2200
III 15 Unstipulated 90 Unstipulated 1800
IV 1 140 70 2800 1400
V 1 140 70 2800 1000
V 2 80 40 1600 800
Note: Not require building a fire prevention walls in case of simple house of level
I, II fireproof and force-resistance structure of fireproof roof.
9.2. Required fireproof level and limitary stories of nursery school, hospital,
school, maternity hospital, store, meeting-hall, club, theater are stipulated
in table 10
Table 10
Name and dimension of Fireproof level of Maximum

Construction construction construction area
(m2)
Nursery and infant school
a. Less than 50 pupil
b. Larger than 50 pupil V- IV 1 floor
III – II 2 floors
Hospital, maternity hospital
a. Less than 50 beds V – IV 1 floor
b. Larger than 50 beds III 2 floors
c. Not depending on number of beds II Unstipulated
Cultural construction
a. Less than 800 seats III 2 floors
b. Larger than 800 seats II 4 floors
Meeting-hall, club, house of cultural
a. Less than 300 seats V-IV 1 floor
b. Range 300-800 seats III 2 floors
c. Larger than 800 seats II Unstipulated
Trading construction (supermarket, V 1 floor
grocery) independent dimension IV 2 floors
III 3 floors
II Unstipulated
Page 23 of 44
Design requirements
9.3. In case a house having public rooms (store, nursery school, infant school)
then must separated them from the living rooms by fireproof wall and
fireproof floor with fireproof limit of at least 45 minutes.
9.4. Maximum allowable stories, necessary fireproof level of building and

maximum floor area between fireproof walls according to production class
are stipulated in table 11.
Table 11
Maximum Maximum floor area

Fireproof
Production class allowable between fireproof walls
level
stories (m2)
1. A and B 6 I Unstipulated
2. A and B (without chemical 6 II

production and petroleum
processing)
3. A (with chemical 6 II Un- 5200 3500
production and petroleum stipulated
processing)
4. B (with chemical 6 II 10400 7800
production and petroleum
processing)
Unstipulated I - II
3 III 5200 3500 2600

5. C 1 IV 2600
1 V 1200
Unstipulated I - II Unstipulated
3 III 6500 2500 35

6. D 00
1 IV 3500
1 V 1500
Unstipulated I - II Unstipulated
3 III 7800 6500 35

7. E 00
1 IV 3500
1 V 2600
8. F Unstipulated Refer row Unstipulated
4
Page 24 of 44
Design requirements
Note:
1. In case of the production halls with automatic firefighting equipments
(curtain of water or water plush away), the floor area between
fireproof walls can be increased 100% comparing with stipulated
standard in table 11.
2. In case of the rooms and production halls with automatic fire alarm
equipments, the floor area between fireproof walls can be increased
25% comparing with stipulated standard in table 11.
3. Floor area of the first floor between fireproof walls of multi storey
building is taken according to the standard of one stories house with
ceiling fireproof limit of 150 minutes.
4. The house with fireproof level II and related to wood production then
the maximum floor areas between fireproof walls is stipulated
according to following cases:
- One-storey house: not stipulated.
- Two-storey house: 7800m2.
- Multi storey house: 5200m2.
5. The one floor house with fireproof level I, II for production, allow not
designing fireproof walls. This stipulation was not applied for house with
class II for chemical production or petroleum processing; or storing
easily flammable materials; or wood production.
6. The one floor house with fireproof level II, IV and V, because of
technical requirements then may design the fireproof areas instead of
fireproof walls, then the floor area between fireproof areas is taken
according to standard of fireproof walls stipulated in table 11.
9.5. In case of many manufacture classes in the same house or I a part of

house limited by both fireproof walls, the number of storeys as well as the
fireproof level must be determined basing on the production class that
have highest level of fire-explosion.
Note: In case of the area and volume of room with highest level of fire-
explosion not higher than 5% of the whole area and volume of house or
part of housed limited between two fireproof walls then must not applied
this stipulation. At that case must have separated fire prevention methods
(local ventilation) to prevent the ability of fire occurring in these rooms and
spreading to all house.
Page 25 of 44
Design requirements
9.6. Production class, cellulose and spongy storages and inflammable

composite materials must not be arranged in the cellarage. In special case
because of requirements of process then allow to arrange production
class C, D, E in the cellarage but must conform to the stipulation at clause
9.13 of this standard.
9.7. Rooms of production class A and B, if having allowance of the process

requirements then should be placed near the outside walls in case of one
floor house or placed on the highest floor in case of multi floor house.
9.8. In the rooms of production class A and B must design the separating
components that are easy to come apart to the outside. The area of these
components is determined by calculation. In case of without calculation
data then the area of these components must not smaller than 0.05m 2 and
0.03m2 for every 1m3 of rooms of production class A and class B
respectively.
Note:
1. The grass windows or ventilating hole is considered as the easy coming
apart components when the grass thickness is 3, 4 or 5mm correlative with
the area of 0.8, 1 and 1.5m2. Its not apply to windows with reinforced steel.
2. The easy coming apart components of roof must be divided into square of
180m2
3. The calculated load of component must not higher than 700N/m2
9.9. In the room arranging machines and process equipments using the
inflammable liquid and poison substances then must have fireproof
partitions or catching trays. The height of partition, area between partitions
or the area of catching tray must be indicated clearly in the design.
9.10. When arranging different fire-explosion classes in the same rooms then
must design the methods to prevent from local explosion and fire
spreading (covering equipments tightly, fire extinguish locally, protected
equipments).
When arrange production class A, B and C in separated rooms of the
house of fireproof level I and II, then must separate these rooms from the
others nearly by fireproof partitions, which have fire-resistance limit of at
least 45 minutes, the doors of these partitions must have fire-resistance
limit of at least 40 minutes.
Page 26 of 44
Design requirements
9.11. In case of impossible to install the fireproof door leafs between rooms of
production class C, D and E then must design the buffer room with length
of at least 4m, which is equipped automatic fire fighting system with
required water flow of 1l/s for every 1m 2 of buffer floor. The partitions or
walls must have fire-resistance limit of at least 45 minutes.
9.12. In one floor house with fireproof level IV allow arranging the room with
production class A and B and the sharing area must not higher than
300m2. In this case, the above rooms must be separated by fireproof walls
and walls of these rooms must be made of fireproof or difficult firing
materials.
9.13. Must install the automatic firefighting system in the cellarage that are
arranged the rooms of production class C, D and E, storage of
inflammable substances or fireproof materials in inflammable bags and
must separated into areas by fireproof partitions, maximum area is
3,000m2 and the width of each space is not larger than 30m. At these
rooms must arrange the window with the width at least 0.7m, height at
least 1.2m. Total area of windows must not less than 2% of floor area. In
case of the rooms with area over 1000m 2 must design two windows. The
cellarage ceiling must have fire-resistance limit of at least 45 minutes.
The lobby width must be 2m at least and having straight way to outside or
through the staircase room. The partition between rooms and lobby must
be fireproof walls.
9.14. The houses, constructions or open-equipments, in which the process

spread out the gas, dust and smokes as well as have fire-explosion
dander, storages of petroleum and oil product, inflammable substances
and poison substances, must not be arranged in front of popular wind
direction of others houses and constructions.
9.15. The rooms that use or store the inflammable liquid or gas as well as have
the process spreading out inflammable dust must not be arranged under
the others normally having over 50 people.
9.16. The boilers with pressure higher than 0.7at or water temperature higher
than 1150C in houses must not be arranged in public houses and
constructions.
Not arrange the boilers using water steam under the rooms and houses
that normally have over 50 people.
In case of require to have boilers then must arrange them separately to
guarantee the fire-explosion requirements.
Page 27 of 44
Design requirements
9.17. The pipeline for liquid that easy burning up not allow arranging under the
houses and constructions.
9.18. In the tunnels that rarely have people crossing, allow arranging the
pipeline with pressure lower than 6.10 5 N/m2 (6 KG/cm2) together with
other pipeline and communication cable, but require having ventilation and
lighting system.
9.19. Not allow to arrange together in tunnel:

 Gas pipeline with power and lighting cables
 Heating pipeline with inflammable fluid pipeline and cooling pipeline
 Water pipeline for firefighting with inflammable fluid and gas pipeline or
power cables
 Inflammable fluid pipeline with power cables and water supply and
drainage network.
 Oxygen pipeline with inflammable gas or poison substance pipeline
and power cables
9.20. Not allow arranging on the ground the pipeline for transporting gas,
inflammable substances that may caused fire or explosion or environment
pollution.
9.21. In case of arranging underground pipeline for transporting inflammable

fluid, must put them underground at the depth of at least 30cm comparing
to the ground surface and must divide to segments with maximum length
of 60cm and the segments must be separated by fireproof walls and
coated by fireproof materials.
Note: The pipeline for transporting poison substances as well as the
pipeline with pressure over one at must not be arranged in the tunnel
having people walking.
9.22. The pipeline for transporting inflammable fluids arranged high above then
must far from the house walls at distance of 3m and 0.5m in case the
walls with windows and without windows respectively.
Not allow arranging the pipeline high above in the following cases:
 The inflammable fluid and gas pipeline on the viaduct, tower and pillars
made of inflammable
 The flammable mix or explosible substance pipeline located in the
same area with a inflammable gas pipeline and liquid pipeline
 The pipeline for transporting combustible gas
- Arranged on the roof and houses wall maintaining hazardous and
explosible material
Page 28 of 44
Design requirements
- Crossed a separated house and construction not require gas

supplying;
- Arrange over a warehouse maintaining combustible material;
- Above a high voltage power line
9.23. Crossing bridge, road for the inflammable or combustible fluids pipeline
laying on must be made of a fireproof material.
Note:
1. Not allow putting on the same crossing bridge or road the
liquid or gas pipelines that mix of substances can cause
explosion, fire or poison.
2. Can arrange a service way for inflammable or combustible
substance pipelines on crossing bridge or road.
9.24. A crossing bridge, road may be made of inflammable materials in case of

using for arranging a equipment transportation a non-inflammable or
combustible material (coal, mud-coal, wood,..) or non- inflammable fluids
as well as a conveyor belt or crossing bridge.
In case of crossing above the houses then crossing bridge, conveyor must
be made of a fireproof material.
9.25. A crossing bridge, conveyor are made of a fireproof or inflammable

material, all must ensure following conditions:
 A crossing bridge or conveyor divided into a section not longer than
100m. The sections must be separated from each other by fireproof
segment with minimum length of 5m.
 The minimum fireproof segment of 5m must be ensured at a crossing
of bridge and conveyor, even at the same height or different.
 The corridor and crossing bridge are made of inflammable material
must ensure:
- The minimum distance from corridor or crossing bridge to house
with fireproof level III is 8m
- The minimum distance from corridor or crossing bridge to house
with fireproof level IV, V is 18m
9.26. Allow combining a crossing bridge, transported road, and walkway in the
following cases:
 Transportation of non-inflammable and non-explosible material;
 Means of transportation safe for walker
Page 29 of 44
Design requirements
9.27. The rooms having gas, using or maintaining fuel gas, inflammable or
explosible fluids, inflammable dust, etc must be designed a ventilation to
military fire and explosion in room. Not allow arranging a heating pipeline
going through these rooms. In case of must do, then a heating pipeline
must be isolated by fireproof material from environment around. In case of
the rooms without explosible hazard, may isolate the heating pipeline from
environment around by uninflammable material.
9.28. Gas pipeline, gas storage, air filter and other facilities of ventilation system
for transporting gas with temperature over 30 0C, LPG pipeline, Vapor-
liquid pipeline, inflammable dust, waste material (ex.: sawdust, wool, chip
of wood) are made of a fireproof material.
The gas pipeline that installed in hazardous and explosible rooms are
made of a fireproof material.
In other cases, the facilities of ventilation system are made of a
uninflammable materials.
Note:
 In ventilation system with air temperature lower than 80 0C, then the
following facilities are made of a fireproof material.
- Gas filter, filter room is made of a fireproof material.
- In special case that the gas pipelines could not make of a fireproof
or difficult fire or corrosive material (incase of the gas pipeline not
going through a yard).
 Between the structures made of inflammable or difficult fire materials
and the pipeline for transportation of air, gas steam with temperature
higher than 800C and inflammable substances must be separated by
fireproof and heat-resistance materials
9.29. A vertical pipeline and air pipeline to production class A, B, C must be

installed in individually storey; excluding a many storeys building with a
hole in floor using for technical purpose.
Allow transporting air to structure of production class A, B, C by horizontal
or vertical air pipeline in case of a main air pipeline having fire prevention
parts.
In case the equipments of individual vertical pipelines (waste, loading
pipeline) in each floor of production class D, E, F shall be made of
incombustible materials then they can be connected to main air pipeline.
Not allow connecting the common waste equipments with condensable
vapor pipeline and pipeline transporting dust and other substances can
create explosion or poison mix.
Page 30 of 44
Design requirements
9.30. Must design vent or chimney operated manually / automatically when

firing for rooms of production class A, B, C without a window for
ventilation. The minimum section of vent is 0.2% floor area (if the room
without a roof) or 0.15% (if the room with a roof).
The waste gas pipeline must be arranged regularly and made of fireproof
or uninflammable materials; the maximum section is not larger than 2mm 2.
Note:
 Not apply this stipulation as mentioned above for aperture room higher
than 30m and close by wall with doors
 The smoke vent is used instead of waste pipeline.
9.31. Allow installing a common vertical waste pipeline in a house or public

service with 5 storeys in case of installing the vertical branch from each
floor and through of two floors into the main waste pipeline. Allow connect
in combination of waste pipeline of four or five floors with main waste
pipeline.
The isolated rooms with inflammable fluids must be installed waste

pipeline separately.
9.32. Not allow drilling a hole for installation gas pipeline on fireproof walls or
fireproof floor (including another fireproof parts)
In case of must arrange the pipeline go through fireproof partition, must

have flame and fire prevention equipment inside the gas pipeline, at this
place the pipeline must be made of fireproof materials.
Note: Allow installing the ventilation pipe and smoke pipe in the fireproof
wall of house, public construction and auxiliary house when the minimum
thickness of fireproof walls at this place must not lower than 25cm (not
including pipeline wall thickness), and the thickness of part between
smoke pipe and ventilation pipe is 12cm at minimum.
9.33. Allow arranging the common gas vent for fuel gas, gas of liquid and dust if
the mix of these substances is uninflammable or un-explosion.
9.34. In rooms, in which inflammable, exposionable substances are created and

spreading in to the air, then the components of ventilation system and
control equipments of ventilation pipeline must be designed in such
cannot create the spark. In the filler of discharging dust or inflammable,
exposionable substances must have method of dust discharging
automatically, continuously and preventing from spark creation.
In manufacture rooms can cause explode, electric motors of ventilation
system installing in the room together with blower must be explode-proof
motors.
Note:
Page 31 of 44
Design requirements
1. For manufacture room, when using automatic dust rejecting is not

benefit, allow rejecting dust in period manually if capacity of dust
filter about 15,000m3/ hour.
2. If using normal electric motor, then motor must be separated from
the blower.
3. For production class A, B and C, the isolated structure must made of
fireproof material.
9.35. When designing and installing electric, water supply, ventilation, lightning
of construction must comply with stipulations of the government related.
9.36. When design Fire detection and alarm system for house and construction
must comply with standard TCVN 5738:93 ”Fire detection and alarm
system – Technical requirements“ and specific standard related. The
selection of fire alarm methods among the methods of automatic / semi-
automatic / public communication means depends to design requirements
and stipulations of standards.
9.37. Beside the water firefighting system, must arrange other specialized
facilities, devices in the house and construction. The location, quantity,
and types must conform to the stipulations at TCVN 5760:1993 and
instruction of firefighting department.
9.38. Designing the automatic firefighting system and other special firefighting
systems must comply with standard TCVN 5760:1993 “Fire extinguishing
system - General requirements for design, installation and use”, and
specific standard related.
10. Fire-water supply
10.1. Must design firewater supply for house and civil construction, storage,
industrial construction
The firewater supply system includes indoor and outdoor firewater supply
systems.
Allow design the firewater supply system separately if it is unbenefited
from combining with portable or producing water supply.
10.2. Firewater supply pipeline can be high-pressure or low-pressure pipeline.

In the high-pressure firewater supply pipeline, the fixed fire pumps
generate the required pressure for firefighting.
In the low-pressure firewater supply pipeline, then required pressure for
fire fighting is generated from moving fire pump or fire engine taking water
from outdoor fire hydrant.
10.3. In the residential areas, outside firewater flow of firewater supply system
and number of fire occurring at the same time is stipulated in Table 12.
Page 32 of 44
Design requirements
Table12
Water flow for a fire (liter/second)
Population The number House with 1 – 2 House from

of fire floors with fireproof Mixture house,
3 floors not
(1000 occurring at level floor types not
depends on
people) the same time depends on
I, II and fireproof
IV and V fireproof level
III level
To 5 1 5 5 10 10
To 10 1 10 10 15 15
To 25 2 10 10 15 15
To 50 2 15 20 20 25
To 100 2 20 25 30 35
To 200 3 20 30 40
To 300 3 40 55
To 400 3 50 75
To 500 3 60 80
To 600 3 85
To 700 3 90
To 800 2 95
To 100 3 100
Note:
1. In the house areas including house with 1 – 2 floors and many
different floors, then must determine for individual type of house
including people living in.
2. The water quantity and the number of fire occurring at the same time
for population above of 1000 people must be determined according
to specific requirements.
3. The number of fire occurring at the same time in the city or the area
must includes the number of fires occurring at industrial
constructions, construction site, according to quantity of fire-water
needed but cannot under standard stipulate at table 12.
10.4. In industrial zones, the number of fire occurring at a time is calculated as

follows:
 If the area of land under 150 ha then calculating as one fire
 If the area of land from 150 ha and upward, calculating as two fires
and fire-water flow is calculated for two houses required highest
quantity of fire-water.
Page 33 of 44
Design requirements
10.5. In industrial constructions, firewater flow took from outdoor fire-hydrant is

calculated for house required highest quantity of fire-water and for a fire
stipulated at table 13.
Table 13
Water flow calculate for a fire (l/s)

Fireproof Production Volume unit of construction, (m3)
level class Under From From From Above
3 3-5 3 - 20 20 - 50 50
I and II D, E, F 5 5 10 10 15
I and II A, B, C 10 10 15 20 30
III D, E 5 10 15 25 35
III C 10 15 20 30 40
IV and V E, D 10 15 20 30
IV and V C 15 20 25
Note: For the house with the fireproof wall then only calculating for part of
the house that require highest quantity of fire-water.
10.6. Quantity water used for firefighting outside the school, hospital, house of
culture, administrative agency, and utility house of industrial construction
is calculated following stipulated at table 13 and considers as production
class C.
10.7. Not require to design the outside water supply system For industrial zones
or industrial construction with area of production class C, D, E not higher
than 200 000m2 and fire-water flow for firefighting outside the house not
over 20 litters/second; and for the population area with population not over
than 8000 people. But possible to use pumps or fire engine to take water
form natural sources, such as rivers, lakes, water. But these natural
sources must satisfy the following conditions:
 Have enough reserve of water for firefighting in seasons as stipulated.
 The depth of water taking must not over 4m from the bottom of water
ground to water surface and dry water level not lower than 0.5m.
 Must have way for fire engine or fire water pump entered to take water
Page 34 of 44
Design requirements
10.8. Firewater pipeline system outside must be designed as round system. In

case of firewater pipeline outside not over 200m, allow designing short
pipeline but must take into the account being round system in the future.
Allow install short pipelines for transporting fire-water to individually
houses if the length of the short pipeline is not over 200m, but must have
water tank or water reservoir for firefighting and take into the account
being round system in the future.
Note:
1. At first phase of water pipeline installation could install the short
pipeline for transporting fire-water without length limit if having the
consent of firefighting agency.
2. In population area, if the population is not higher than 10,000 people
then allow installing the short pipeline.
3. The diameter of fire-pipeline outside the house must be at least of
100mm.
10.9. The outside fire hydrant must be arranged along the road, distance
between fire hydrants is not over 150m. The outside fire hydrants must be
installed away from the road at distance at least of 5m and should be
arranged at three-way crossroads or crossroads. If the fire hydrant
installed at two-sides of the road then should not install away from edge of
the road over 2.5m, the firewater pipeline must be divided to segments
and must calculate so that the number of fire hydrants at each segment is
not over 5 fire-hydrants.
Note: In industrial constructions, urban area or civil area that outside
firewater flow is not higher than 20 letters/second then distance between
two outdoor fire-hydrants must not over 120m.
10.10. The valves for turning off water in short branch pipeline as well as main
valves in closed pipelines must be arranged so that to ensure that there
are maximum five hydrants in the same floor is turning off in a segment.
10.11. Free pressure required in the low-pressure firewater pipeline calculating

from the ground must not less than 10 m of water column. In the high-
pressure firewater pipeline, must ensure the free pressure at outlet of
hydrant installed at highest and farthest position of the highest house at
minimum 10m of water column.
10.12. Must design the firewater supply pipeline in the house in the following
cases:
 Workshops, excluding the one stipulated in clause 10.13 of this
standard;
 The house from four floors and above, tenement house, hotel,
restaurant from five floors and above;
 Administrative agencies from 3 floors and above;
Page 35 of 44
Design requirements
 Railway station, storage, other construction, auxiliary house of

industrial constructions when volume of the house from 5000m 3 and
above;
 Theatre, cinema, meeting-hall, club from 300 seats and above;
Note:
1. If houses at condition (b) and (c) with different height, then only design
the firewater supply pipeline for part of house with the height stipulated
in this part.
2. In the workshop with fireproof level I and II, production class D and E,
then only require installing firewater pipeline system at part of house
that store or produce inflammable materials.
10.13. Not design firewater supply pipeline system inside the house in the
following cases:
 Workshops used or maintained substances that can cause fire or
explosion when contact with water;
 Workshops with fireproof level I, II and fireproof equipments
processing, transporting and maintaining the fireproof materials;
 Workshops class D, E with fireproof level III, IV, V and volume not over
1000 m3;
 Bathroom, public washroom;
 Storages made of fireproof materials maintain fireproof goods;
 Pump stations, process station for waste water;
 Workshops and auxiliary house of industrial constructions without
water supply pipeline for living and manufacturing, and firewater taking
from river, lake, water tank;
10.14. The quantity of hydrant for each point inside the house and volume of
each hydrant is stipulated in table 14.
Table14
Type of the house Volume for

Quantity
each hydrant
of hydrant
(litter/second)
1 2 3
1. Administrative house from 6 to 12 floors and
1 2.5
volume up to 25 000m3
2. The housing from 4 floors and above, hotel,

tenement house, public house from 5 floors
1 2.5
and above and volume 25 000m3. The
building from 16 floors.
Page 36 of 44
Design requirements
Type of the house Volume for

Quantity
each hydrant
of hydrant
(litter/second)
1 2 3
3. Hospital, prophylactic organization, nursery,
shop, railway station, auxiliary house of
1 2.5
industrial constructions and volume from
5000m3 to 25000m3.
4. The rooms under grandstand of stadium with

volume from 5000m3 to 25 000m3 and sport 1 2.5
rooms with volume 250003.
5. Rest house, museum, library, designing

agencies with volume from 7500m3to
1 2.5
25000m3. Exhibition house with the area
under 500m2
6. Meeting-hall, cinema with capacity 300 to

1 2.5
800 seats
7. The houses in different types from12 to 16

2 2.5
floors
8. The administrative house from 6-12 floors

2 2.5
and volume 25000m3
9. Hotel, tenement house, rest house,

museum, library, nursery, showroom, shops,
2 2.5
train station, school, hospital with volume
higher 25000m3
10. The auxiliary house of industrial
2 2.5
constructions with volume higher 25000m3
11. The rooms under grandstand of stadium and
2 2.5
sport rooms with volume higher 250003.
12. Theatre, cinema, club, house of culture,
circus, concert-hall with above 800 seats, 2 2.5
research institute.
13. The workshop, excluding the one stipulated
2 2.5
in clauses from 10 to 17.
14. The storages with volume 5000m3 and
above maintaining inflammable or fire
2 2.5
preventive materials stored in inflammable
bag
10.15. Required pressure of hydrants inside the house must be ensured that
having dense water spray with required height, which is stipulated in table
15
Page 37 of 44
Design requirements
Table 15
Properties of house and construction The required height of the

dense water spray column, (m)
Housing, public construction, auxiliary
6
house with fireproof level I, II.
Housing, public construction, auxiliary The required height that can spray
house and workshop with fireproof level I, to a highest and farthest position
II and using inflammable and easy of house but must not less than
caused fire materials and during 6m.
manufacturing
10.16. When installing over 12 fire hydrants or automatic firefighting system in

the house then the firewater supply system inside the house, even if they
are designed separated or combined, must be designed with two water
pipelines entering to the house at minimum and must connect them to
become round system.
10.17. Installation fire hydrant in the house must ensure that quantity of hydrant
at each point of the room conforms to stipulated at table 14.
Allow having only one hydrant for each point for the houses of volume
from 1,000m3 and lower with production class C, D, E independent from
volume; and in the shops or storages under 25000m 3.
10.18. Must install the hydrants inside house near the entrance, on stopover of
stairs, hall and corridor; and at place that easy for seeing and using.
10.19. The center of the fire hydrant must install at the height 1.25m in
comparing with the ground.
10.20. Each fire hydrant inside the house must install the fire hose reel cabinet.
In each house, must use the same kind of diameter of pipeline, length of
fire hose reel, diameter of spray.
10.21. Calculation water supply system must base on: the required firewater
pressure, the number of fire occurring at the same time, time for stamping
out a fire.
10.22. In case of cannot take water direct from water supply system or take direct
from the city water supply system but cannot ensure the flow and pressure
frequently then must have firewater reserving method. The water volume
reserve for firefighting must be calculated base on the largest firewater
volume largest for firefighting in three hour.
At the same time, the calculation water supply required for firefighting
must ensure the water volumes for manufacturing and living but not
Page 38 of 44
Design requirements
include water for other purpose. As for water for bathing, washing and
hygiene only calculate equal to 15 percents of water volume calculated.
Note: In the case the low-pressure firewater pipeline, allow taking a part of
manufacturing water volume (not over 50percents) for firefighting if this
action not influences to manufacturing.
10.23. The time for restoring the firewater reserve is stipulated as follows:
 Must not over 24 hours in case of population areas, civil constructions
and industrial constructions with production class A, B and C.
 Must not over 36 hours in case of industrial constructions with
production class D, E and F
Note:
- Allow having longer time for firewater restoring in industrial constructions
with outside firewater flow less than 25litres/second.
- Allow being 36 hours for production class C.
- Allow being 48 hours for class manufacture E.
10.24. Pumping water supply for living, manufacturing or firefighting, even

separated or combined, must have spare pump with capacity as main
pump.
Quantity of spare pump is stipulate as follows:
 When quantity of operating pump calculated is from 1 to 3 then must
have a spare pump;
 When quantity of operating pump calculated is from 4 pumps and
above then must have 2 spare pumps. Main pump for firefighting must
be connected to two separate power supply, or reserved power supply
of generator station, or reserved motor of pump station. Allow using
pump for firewater supply without spare pump; and main firefighting
pump connected to only power supply when volume fire-water outside
under 20litrers/second or in enterprise with production class E, D, in
which constructions have fireproof level I, II; or workshop with outside
firewater flow not over 20 liters/second.
10.25. The fire-water pump can be operated by manual operating or remote

controlling
Note:
1. When outside firewater flow from 25litrers/second and above, then
firewater pump must have remote control components. And must
install the manual operated component.
2. Control component of the fire-water pump must make for the pump
operate is not over 3 minutes as from when have fire signal
Page 39 of 44
Design requirements
10.26. For the houses, those usually not having enough water pressure supply
for fire hydrants, then must have remote control component installed at
fire hydrant.
10.27. The determination of reserved water volume for firefighting in water tank
and on water tower must base on the standard of firewater volume,
number of fire occurring at the same time, the time for stamping out a fire
and water volume supplemented during firefighting.
When reserved water volume for firefighting from 1000m 3 and above, then
must store in two tanks.
Note:
1. May design reserved firewater tanks together with living and
manufacturing water but must have method to prevent using firewater
for other purposes.
2. When calculation volume of reserved water tank for firefighting, allow
including the water volume supplemented in to the tank continuously,
even during three houses for stamping out the fire in.
3. In case firewater taken from pond and lake, or hydrants, but inside
house have water supply system for living and firefighting, then
volume of reserved water tank must ensure the water volume using in
one hour for a fire hydrant and other purpose.
10.28. Pressure water tank and water reservoir with pump increasing pressure
for firefighting must store the reserved water volume as follows:
 For industrial constructions, the reserved water volume for firefighting
is calculated according to the required water volume for hydrant inside
the house and automatic water spray system in the first 10 minutes of
fire.
 For population are, the reserved water volume must be enough to
supply for firefighting one fire inside and one fire outside in 10 minutes
with highest flow required, and also enough for highest requirements of
water for living.
10.29. Water tower using air pressing then must have spare air compressor
besides the main air compressor.
10.30. Must install level gauge, level signals transmittal equipment to pump
station or water distribution station for pressure water reservoir and
firewater tower.
If the firewater tower connects to pump increasing pressure for firewater,
then must design automatic turn off component to cut off water to tower
when pump in operation.
Note:
Page 40 of 44
Design requirements
 In case of firewater pump turn on operation automatically when water

in the reservoir at low level, then the reserved water volume in the
reservoir can be equal to 50% the stipulated water volume as in clause
7.28
 When having the water supply system for all enterprise, living area of
workers, then the reserved water volume in tower just base on the
operation of hydrants in the enterprises, factories, not including the
water for living areas of workers.
10.31. Location and service radius of reserved water reservoir is determined

depending on firefighting means:
 Service radius is 200m in case of using fire engines
 Service radius is from 100m to 150m depending on type of mobile
pump.
The distance from firewater lake to house with fireproof level of II, IV and
V or to the outdoor storage made of inflammable substances is 20mn at
minimum; and to the house with fireproof level of I, II is 10m at minimum.
Page 41 of 44
Design requirements
APPENDIX A
MATERIAL GROUP ACCORDING TO FIRING LEVEL
1. Materials of incombustible group include all nature or artificial inorganic material,

metals, plasterboards or fiber plaster that have organic content 8% of amount, cotton
in nature or synthetic or agglutination with bitumen that have organic content 6% of
amount.
2. Materials of uninflammable group include all mixes of incombustible and

uninflammable material, Ex: atxphan concrete, fibro cement, plaster and concrete
kinds with organic content more 8% of amount, all synthetic mineral cotton at
agglutinating form with bitumen when organic content from 7% to 15% amount. All clay
material mixed straw of minimum volume amount of 900kg/cm 3, wood and plate
impregnating of fireproof chemicals, cement, polymer material met the uninflammable
requirements.
3. Inflammable material includes organic materials not impregnated fireproof chemicals.
Page 42 of 44
Design requirements
APPENDIX B (reference)
Production branches classifying according to production class
Production Production
Name of production branch
Class Property
(1) (2) (3)
Workshops use or process natrium and
potassium. Workshops of factories manufacture
synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber. Stations
produce hydro. chemical workshops of factory
producing artificial silk, workshops produce
Fire and
gasoline; workshops produce synthetic liquid
A explosion
fuel, recovery and distillate liquids dissolving
danger
organic with maximum gas burning temperature
from 250C, gas tank storage, gasoline storage,
rooms contain alkaloid and acid battery of
power plant, liquid pump stations with gas
burning temperature from 280C downwards.
Production and transport workshops coal dust,
sawdust, cleaning stations of mazut tanks and
other liquid with gas burning temperature from
280C to 610C. Workshops of solid grinding,
B Fire danger workshops manufacture synthetic rubber,
workshops manufacture sugar, equipments of
peat grinding, mazut storages of power plants,
liquid pump stations have gas burning
temperature from 280C to 610C.
Workshops of wood splitting, workshops
manufacture wood art objects; workshops
make dummy; knitting and clothing factories;
Textile and paper industry workshops with
drying process; factories for cotton yard
preliminary processing, factories for preliminary
processing of jute and other fiber; siftings of
grinding factory and grain storage. Workshops
for oily reprocessing and asphalt distillation.
C Fire danger
Combustible material and oily storages, open-
cast oil storages and equipments contain oily of
power plant, power distribution equipments
having circuit breaker and power equipment
use oily amount more 60kg for a unit of
equipment, slides and conveyer belt use for
transportation of coal, peat, storages contain
coal, mixed warehouses, liquid pump stations
have gas burning temperature over 610C.
D Not showing To casting and metallurgy workshops;
Page 43 of 44
Design requirements
Production Production
Name of production branch
Class Property
(1) (2) (3)
Furnaces of producing steam workshop;
Welding workshops; engine repairing stations
use steam and engine, metal laminate
workshops using heat, engine testing stations,
house for internal combustion engine
danger
assembly, metal prefabrication plants use heat,
main blocks of power plant (as turbine block…
etc) power equipment use oily amount more
60kg for a unit of equipment, high voltage
laboratories.
Not heat metal mechanical prefabrication plants
(except magnesium alloy). Ore ground,
workshop produce hydroxide natrium, blower
stations, compressor stations for air and other
incombustible gas, workshops of reprocessing
acid, stations of repairing tramcar and head of
tramcar, die casting workshops, exploitation
and not heat production for asbestos, salt and
Not showing
E other incombustible raw material, paper and
danger
textile industry workshops having wet
manufacturing process, food processing
workshop: fish, meat and milk. Control panels,
clean water project (deposit, filter . . . etc) water
pump stations and drainage of power plant,
components containing acid carbonic and
chlorine, cooling tower, incombustible fluid
pump stations . . . etc.
Explosion
F
danger
Note: In the production that fuels for burning are liquids, gas or steam or using rounded
flame, all not belong to production class A, B and C
Page 44 of 44

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Fire Prevention and Protection For Building and Structures: Vietnamese Standard 2622: 1995

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VIETNAMESE STANDARD 2622 : 1995

FIRE PREVENTION AND PROTECTION

2.1. Design of buildings, structures, group of structures including those are

Production Characteristics of substances and materials

A Combustible gas with lower limit of fire-explosion concentration

B Combustible gas with lower limit of fire-explosion concentration

Production Characteristics of substances and materials

with lower fire-explosion limit equal or lower than 65g/m3. If

C The liquids with burning temperature higher than 610C;

D Substances and materials shall not be burned in hot, burning

E Substances and materials that are incombustible in cool state

F The flammable gas not changing to liquid phase, dusts with

5. Fireproof of Substance, Component of Buildings and Structures

5.2. The increase of fireproof level of some components cannot consider as

5.4. Fire resistance limit (minutes) of components mainly of wood in one-storey

Fireproof Components mainly of wood

5.5. Minimum fire resistance limit (minutes) of fire prevention elements or of

Name of Fire Prevention Elements Minimum Fire

1. Fire prevention walls 150

2. Fire prevention doors, windows, gates 70

3. Fire prevention partition 45

4. Fire prevention door, window and partition in transition 40

5. Fireproof floors (between storeys, attic basement, semi- 60

6. Fireproof floors (between storeys, attic basement, semi- 45

Fire prevention elements must be made of fireproof materials.

5.9. Combustible substance is permitted for heat insulation on surface of

5.10. Uninflammable substance shall be used for heat insulation if external

5.14. Suspended ceiling case shall be of incombustible substance. Combustible

5.17. In industrial zones, temporary house of combustible substance shall not

6. Fire Prevention Elements

6.1. Fire Prevention Elements of a building consist of fire prevention wall,

6.2. Fire prevention elements shall be of incombustible substance. Doors,

6.3. Fire prevention wall shall be constructed from foundation or foundation

6.5. For buildings having external walls of uninflammable or combustible

6.12. Structural solutions of fire prevention area in designed buildings must

7.4. Escalator is not considered as emergency exit.

7.6. Mirror is permitted to install near the exit.

Table 4 – Farthest distance from working area to the nearest exit in

Allowable Farthest Distance in a Building (m)

D I & II Not defined Not defined

E I & II Not defined Not defined

F Main construction 100 80 75

Allowable Farthest Distance

Fire From rooms between 2 exits From rooms to the middle

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

Slope of roof (%) Height from ground to the top of external

7.15. In production buildings and public buildings (including auxiliaries of

7.17. Minimum allowable width of exit shall be as follows:

Exits Minimum Allowable Width (m)

Stair way 1.05

7.24. The door on escape exits must be opened to the outside.

8. Requirements of traffic-way and fire prevention and fighting distance

8.1. The requirements of PCCC distance between houses and constructions

8.8. For industrial constructions, PCCC distance between houses and

Fireproof level of Distance between houses and constructions

8.9. In industrial constructions, the traffic-way arrangement to each building

8.10. The way for fire engines at outside must ensure:

8.13. The minimum distance from open-cast storages containing combustible

Distance form storage to house