Ulr - TC752121000004643F

CONSTRUCTION OF GORAKHPUR HARYANAANU VIDYUT PARIYOJANA
1 & 2 AT GORAKHPUR, FATEHABAD, HARYANA

REPORT FOR CROSS HOLE SONIC LOGGING (CSL TEST)
ON ONE R. C. BORED PILE
(LOCATION: NB-01)
(PILE NO: RB1-P174)
MAIN CLIENT : Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.,
CONTRACTOR : M/s Tata Projects Ltd.

(CLIENT FOR GD) GHAPV/NPCIL Village-Gorakhpur
TEH- Bhuna, Distt-Fatehabad
Haryana-125 047
TEST AGENCY : M/s. GEO DYNAMICS

‘Anand’, 49, Atmajyoti Nagar Society,
Near Atmajyoti Ashram, Ellora Park,
Baroda -390 023
Tele: +91-265-2388139, 2393205
PROJECT NO. : CSL- G236-13
DATE : June 07, 2021
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS ULR - TC752121000004643F
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/7.8/01G/Issue No.02/Issue Date: 16-03-2020/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date: - / Page 1 of 16 CONTROLLED copy
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. PILE DETAILS
3. TESTING METHOD
4. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
5. DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS
TABLE
TABLE: 1 TABULAR PRESENTATION OF TEST RESULTS OUTPUT
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A CROSS-HOLE SONIC LOGGING GRAPHS (PILE NO. RB1-P174)
APPENDIX B SKETCH SHOWING TYPICAL TEST LOCATION
Rv/Rp
PROJECT NO.: CSL-G236-13 June 07, 2021
CONSTRUCTION OF GORAKHPUR HARYANA ANU VIDYUT PARIYOJANA – 1 & 2 AT

GORAKHPUR, FATEHABAD, HARYANA
REPORT FOR CROSS HOLE SONIC LOGGING (CSL TEST) ON PILE NO. (RB1-P174)
1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s. Geo Dynamics was engaged by M/s. TATA Projects Ltd. to conduct the cross-hole sonic
logging test on one r. c. bored pile installed at the above site. The aim of testing was to assess
and check the pile integrity for potential problems like cross-sectional changes, honeycombing,
concrete quality, continuity, etc. The field testing was conducted on 05th June, 2021. The testing
was conducted by Mr. Satpal Yadav. The tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM D6760.
This report presents the results of Cross Hole Sonic Logging using the Cross Hole Analyzer,
CHA, based on the data, details and pile identification provided at site and the site conditions at
the time of testing.
2.0 PILE DETAILS
CSL Testing was conducted on 1200mm r.c. bored pile. Four steel tubes of 50mm internal
diameter were installed. The details are mentioned below and a NTS figure is described in
Appendix B of the report.
Measured
Actual Length Length of tubes Tube
Sr. Pile Tube Tube length
of pile above concrete spacing
No. Name Corridor for scanning
(m) (m) (m) (m)
1. 1-2 35.84 0.27 0.40
2. 2-3 35.94 0.27 0.37
3. RB1- 3-4 35.94 0.27 0.45

36.07
4. P174 4-1 35.84 0.27 0.35
5. 1-3 35.84 0.27 0.56
6. 2-4 36.04 0.27 0.55
PROJECT NO.: CSL-G236-13
Cross-Hole Sonic Logging generally applies to drilled shafts and requires that at least three tubes
be installed in a drilled shaft prior to pouring the concrete, and that stress pulses are sent from one
tube to the other at 50mm vertical intervals. The arrival time of the pulse at the receiver tube
indicates the quality and integrity of the concrete between the tubes.
3.0 TESTING METHOD
For conducting the sonic logging test mild steel tubes as described earlier were installed throughout
the length of the shaft by tying them to the reinforcement cage. They were filled with water and the
top and bottom of the tubes was sealed before concreting. This was to take into account the
differential temperature during concreting and curing.
The test can be conducted after minimum 3 to 7 days of concreting. For this a transmitter is lowered
in one of those tubes and a receiver - in another. Both transmitter and receiver are connected by
cables to the Cross Hole Analyzer (CHA), which records the arrival time and the energy attenuation
as the probes are simultaneously raised to the top. As long as the arrival time and the energy
attenuation are roughly constant, one may deduce that the concrete quality is also uniform and the
pile is therefore acceptable.
The CHA determines the quality of concrete between pairs of tubes pre-installed in r. c. bored piles.
A transmitter lowered down one tube sends a high frequency signal that is sensed some time later
by a receiver in another tube. As the sensors are being pulled, the CHA records, at regular depth
intervals, the time that the signal takes to travel from the transmitter to the receiver (arrival time), as
well as the signal energy. These two quantities are indicative of concrete quality between the pair of
tubes at a particular depth. The entire shaft length is scanned in this fashion by repeating the test
across diagonals & adjacent perimeters.
The CHA is easy to use and data interpretation is straightforward. Defects in the pile are easy to
recognize. They appear as weak signals in the signal plot, as missing signals in the traditional pot,
as delayed arrivals in the arrival time plot, and as signals with low energy.
4.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
By sending ultrasonic pulse through concrete from one probe to another (probes located in parallel
tubes), the CSL procedure inspects the drilled shaft structural integrity, and extent and location of
defects, if any. At the receiver probe, pulse arrival time and signal strength are affected by the
concrete. For equidistant tubes, uniform concrete yields consistent first arrival times (FAT) with
reasonable pulse wave speed and signal strengths. Non-uniformities such as contamination, soft
concrete, and honeycombing, voids, or inclusions exhibit delayed arrival times (FAT) with reduced
signal strength.
Typically the following classification explains interpretation of defects in the shaft. Here, the rating
of the shaft integrity considers the increases in “first arrival time” (FAT) and the energy reduction
relative to the arrival time or energy in a nearby zone of good concrete.
FAT Increase relative Energy reduction relative

Pile Classification
to good concrete to good concrete
Satisfactory / Good 0-10% < 6 db
Minor Defect 11-20% < 9 db
Poor/Flaw 21 to 30% <9 to 12
Poor/Defect >31% > 12
The wave speed obtained is a useful tool to evaluate concrete quality. However, because the tubes
might not be perfectly straight or even parallel, a fixed absolute limit of a wave speed value cannot
be used for evaluation for perimeter profiles. Wave speed is best determined from the test results
from the major diagonals. The wave speed is also affected by age of concrete, localized bending of
tubes etc. and hence many times the energy is considered a more important parameter in
evaluating the results.
Generally a pile can be classified as acceptable if the FAT increase is up to 20% and the energy
reduction in <9 db. However the final decision of acceptability is also based on location of defect,
actual load on the pile, design considerations, no. of scans in which defect seen and any other
factors and hence shall be decided by the engineer to the project.
The client should also review the load on the pile other site information, design requirements etc.
E.g. Some times for friction piles, soft toe near pile toe maybe less important then for end bearing
piles. A final decision may hence be based on the test report and these factors.
5.0 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS
The details regarding tube corridor, tube spacing, average wave speed, energy reduction (db) and
remarks for each pile have been tabulated in Table: 1.The detailed test graphs have been attached
in Appendix A of the report. Generally the following conclusions can be concluded from cross-hole
sonic logging tests conducted on the pile shafts based on data, pile location and pile information
supplied to us during testing.
1. CSL testing was conducted on Pile No. RB1-P174. Since four tubes were installed inside
this pile, six scans were obtained.
2. Tube No. 1 was blocked for bottom 0.50m. Hence readings for tube corridors 1-2, 4-1 & 1-3
were taken only upto 35.57m. Tube No. 3 was blocked for bottom 0.40m. Hence readings
for tube corridors 2-3 & 3-4 were taken only upto 35.67m. Tube No. 4 was blocked for
bottom 0.30m. Hence reading for tube corridor 2-4 was taken only upto 35.77m.
3. Pile No. RB1-P174 shows defect from 35.2m to pile toe from pile top for all tube corridors as
mentioned in Table:1 attached with this report. Hence it is suggested that the results shall
be reviewed by the engineer to the project before proceeding with further activity.
4. This report has been prepared with generally accepted engineering practices and the results
of Cross Hole Sonic Logging testing as per ASTM D6760. No other warranty, expressed or
implied, is made. The findings provided in this report are based on the result of the individual
pile tested and information made available to us.
TABLE
DISCIPLINE : Non-Destructive Testing
GROUP : Building Materials - Reinforced Concrete Structures
TEST : Others (Integrity Testing of Concrete Deep Foundations by Ultrasonic Cross Hole Testing)
TABLE: 1
TABULAR PRESENTATION OF TUBE CORRIDOR, TUBE SPACING, AVERAGE WAVE SPEED,
ENERGY REDUCTION (db) AND PILE UNIFORMITY ETC.
Average Location
Pile No. Tube FAT
Sr. Tube Wave Energy of FAT & Pile
& Spacing Increase Comments
No. Corridor Speed Reduction Energy Integrity
Pile Depth (m) relative
(m/sec) Reduction
Note: All scans shows FAT >30% and Energy Reduction >12db. Hence defect at locations mentioned in below Table: 1. Refer to conclusions.
Uniform pile shaft upto 35.20m.
Defect from 35.2m to pile toe.
1. 1-2 0.40 2479 0% <6db 0m-35.20m
Erratic wave speed due to
bending of tube.
2. 2-3 0.37 3607 0% <6db 0m-35.20m
3. 3-4 0.45 3474 0% <6db 0m-35.20m
bending of tube.
Acceptable
RB1-P174 Uniform pile shaft upto 35.20m.
Upto
(36.07m) Defect from 35.2m to pile toe.
4. 4-1 0.35 2772 0% <6db 0m-35.20m 35.2m
bending of tube.
5. 1-3 0.56 3422 0% <6db 0m-35.20m
bending of tube.
6. 2-4 0.55 3326 0% <6db 0m-35.20m
bending of tube.
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
TYPICAL PLAN SHOWING LOCATION FOR CROSS HOLE SONIC

LOGGING TESTING ON PILE
Note: Not to Scale
*****END OF REPORT*****

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CONSTRUCTION OF GORAKHPUR HARYANAANU VIDYUT PARIYOJANA

1 & 2 AT GORAKHPUR, FATEHABAD, HARYANA

MAIN CLIENT : Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.,

CONTRACTOR : M/s Tata Projects Ltd.

TEST AGENCY : M/s. GEO DYNAMICS

PROJECT NO. : CSL- G236-13

DATE : June 07, 2021

5. DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

TABLE: 1 TABULAR PRESENTATION OF TEST RESULTS OUTPUT

APPENDIX A CROSS-HOLE SONIC LOGGING GRAPHS (PILE NO. RB1-P174)

APPENDIX B SKETCH SHOWING TYPICAL TEST LOCATION

CONSTRUCTION OF GORAKHPUR HARYANA ANU VIDYUT PARIYOJANA – 1 & 2 AT

2.0 PILE DETAILS

2. 2-3 35.94 0.27 0.37

3. RB1- 3-4 35.94 0.27 0.45

5. 1-3 35.84 0.27 0.56

6. 2-4 36.04 0.27 0.55

3.0 TESTING METHOD

4.0 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

FAT Increase relative Energy reduction relative

5.0 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS

TYPICAL PLAN SHOWING LOCATION FOR CROSS HOLE SONIC

Note: Not to Scale

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