Tutorial 2 - Solution

City University of Hong Kong
Department of Electrical Engineering
EE 4101 – Industrial Electronics
Tutorial 2
1. A local AC microgrid having grid inductance of 500µH and open-circuit voltage of

220Vrms is connected to two households. If one of the households is connected to a
washing machine with variable-voltage-variable-frequency drive and draws currents of
5A at 50Hz and 10mA at 100kHz, discuss the supply voltage appeared at another
household.
Solution:
As there are two frequency components, 50Hz and 100kHz, the load voltage can be calculated
by considering the impact of the grid inductance at the respective frequency.
At 50Hz, the grid reactance is equal to 2p (50) 5 x 10-4 = 0.157W

At 100kHz, the grid reactance is equal to 2p (100 x 103) 5 x 10-4 = 314.15W
Thus, the fundamental frequency component of the load voltage is 220 – 5 x 0.157 = 219.2V
The 100kHz component of the load voltage is 314.15 x 10 x 10-3 = 3.1415V
In other words, the load voltage consists of 219.2V (50Hz) superimposed a 100kHz voltage of
3.1415V.
2. Based on the above question, discuss the impact of conducted electromagnetic

interference (EMI), and the relationships among electromagnetic compatibility,
conducted EMI, radiated EMI, and electromagnetic susceptibility.
Solution:
A very good article on https://www.emcbayswater.com.au/blog/emc-testing/commercial-
emc-testing/guide-electromagnetic-compatibility-emc-testing-methods/
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the ability of an electronic device to exist in an

electromagnetic environment without causing interference to or being interfered with by other
electronic devices within that environment. EMC is typically broken down into two categories:
• Emissions – Electromagnetic disturbances emanating from an electronic device that may
cause interference/malfunction to another electronic device in the same environment.
Also known as Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).
• Immunity/Susceptibility – Immunity is the ability of an electronic device to function
normally in an electromagnetic environment without experiencing
interference/malfunction due to the emissions emanating from another electronic device.
Susceptibility is basically the opposite of immunity, in that the less a device is immune
to electromagnetic interference, the more susceptible it is.
Please note and abide by copyright laws. Some items contained in these presentations are taken
from copyrighted material without express permission of redistribution. These slides are archived
here for CityU’s educational activities and CityU students taking EE4101 only. Distribution without
prior permission is not allowed.
3. By considering the true input power factor, discuss the ideal input characteristics of an
electrical load.
Solution:
The true input power is the product of distortion factor and displacement factor. In the
following discussion, it is assumed that the voltage waveform is sinusoidal. The distortion
factor is related to the harmonics of the current, while the displacement factor is related to the
phase difference between the voltage and fundamental component of the current. The
maximum values of these factors are both unity. The implication is that the waveform of the
current is sinusoidal and the current is in phase with the voltage.
A more discussion on the input factor can be found on

https://www.motioncontrolonline.org/content-detail.cfm/Motion-Control-Technical-
Features/Understanding-Power-Factor-and-Harmonics/content_id/1545
4. Discuss how H-bridge inverter can convert a DC power into an AC power.
Solution:
An H bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load.
The term H bridge is derived from the typical graphical representation of such a circuit. An H
bridge is built with four switches (solid-state or mechanical). When the switches S1 and S4
(according to the first figure) are closed (and S2 and S3 are open) a positive voltage will be
applied across the motor. By opening S1 and S4 switches and closing S2 and S3 switches, this
voltage is reversed, allowing reverse operation of the motor.
You can find some good description on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_bridge.
Please note and abide by copyright laws. Some items contained in these presentations are taken
from copyrighted material without express permission of redistribution. These slides are archived
here for CityU’s educational activities and CityU students taking EE4101 only. Distribution without
prior permission is not allowed.

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City University of Hong Kong

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE 4101 – Industrial Electronics

1. A local AC microgrid having grid inductance of 500µH and open-circuit voltage of

At 50Hz, the grid reactance is equal to 2p (50) 5 x 10-4 = 0.157W

2. Based on the above question, discuss the impact of conducted electromagnetic

Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the ability of an electronic device to exist in an

A more discussion on the input factor can be found on

4. Discuss how H-bridge inverter can convert a DC power into an AC power.

You can find some good description on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H_bridge.

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