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    LIFS 1902 - General Biology II: Development

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    Gary Tsang
    1) The document discusses animal development beginning at fertilization. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an oocyte to form a zygote, whose mitochondria are solely from the mother. 2) It then describes the early stages of development, including cellular differentiation and morphogenesis and pattern formation. 3) Finally, it mentions that later sections will cover human embryonic and fetal development.

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    LIFS 1902 - General Biology II: Development

    Uploaded by

    Gary Tsang
    15 views12 pages
    1) The document discusses animal development beginning at fertilization. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an oocyte to form a zygote, whose mitochondria are solely from the mother. 2) It then describes the early stages of development, including cellular differentiation and morphogenesis and pattern formation. 3) Finally, it mentions that later sections will cover human embryonic and fetal development.

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    1) The document discusses animal development beginning at fertilization. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an oocyte to form a zygote, whose mitochondria are solely from the mother. 2) It then describes the early stages of development, including cellular differentiation and morphogenesis and pattern formation. 3) Finally, it mentions that later sections will cover human embryonic and fetal development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    15 views12 pages

    LIFS 1902 - General Biology II: Development

    Uploaded by

    Gary Tsang
    1) The document discusses animal development beginning at fertilization. Fertilization occurs when a sperm fuses with an oocyte to form a zygote, whose mitochondria are solely from the mother. 2) It then describes the early stages of development, including cellular differentiation and morphogenesis and pattern formation. 3) Finally, it mentions that later sections will cover human embryonic and fetal development.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 12

    Development

    LIFS 1902 – General Biology II

    Video 1 - Fertilization

    Chapter 22
    Development

    Development
    1) Fertilization and early stages of animal development
    • Cellular, tissue and organ stages
    2) The processes of development
    • Cellular differentiation
    • Morphogenesis including pattern formation
    3) Human embryonic and fetal development
    Fertilization & Early Stages of Animal Development

    The union of an oocyte and a sperm a zygote

    (Oocyte)

    https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/131486/starting-with-fertilized-zygote-series-five-cell-divisions-w
    Sperm

    https://theconversation.com/sperm-why-these-
    secretive-swimmers-are-the-key-to-the-future-of-
    fertility-and-contraception-81773
    Oocyte

    Follicle cells

    Extracellular matrix
    glycoprotein
    Development

    1) Fertilization and early stages of animal development


    • Cellular, tissue and organ stages
    2) The processes of development
    • Cellular differentiation
    • Morphogenesis including pattern formation
    3) Human embryonic and fetal development
    Fertilization

    Fertilization – usually
    occurs in the uterine
    tube.

    Ovary
    Fertilization
    2. Acrosomal 3. Sperm binds to 4. Sperm nucleus
    1. Sperm enzymes digest a and fuses with
    squeezes enters cytoplasm
    portion of zona egg plasma of egg
    through the pellucida membrane 5. Cortical
    corona radiata granules
    release enzymes
    Corona
    into zona The zygote
    radiata
    (follicle/nurse cells) pellucida only has
    mitochondria
    from the egg.

    What happens
    Sperm pronucleus to the sperm
    Cortical granule
    mitochondrion?
    Egg plasma membrane
    Egg pronucleus
    Zona pellucida (egg coat;
    extracellular matrix) 6. Sperm and egg
    pronuclei are
    Human egg is 100 μm in diameter – 1000 X smaller enclosed in a
    than a chicken egg nuclear envelope
    Fertilization

    Ding Xue (University of Colorado), Byung-


    Ho Kang (CUHK) and colleagues found that
    the paternal mitochondria in roundworms
    actually start to break down before any
    autophagosomes reached them.

    “It’s like a suicide mechanism,” said Byung-


    Ho Kang (CUHK).
    Fertilization

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5OvgQW6FG4 5:40
    Fertilization
    Blocks to Polyspermy :
    -Fast and slow
    -Depolarization of the oocyte membrane (from
    -65 mV to 10 mV), and this prevents binding of
    any other sperm. (fast)
    -Detachment of zona pellucida caused by the
    enzymes secreted by cortical granules during
    formation of the fertilization membrane.
    -Cortical granules secrete enzymes that
    crosslink the glycoproteins making it hard and
    impermeable to sperm. (slow)

    About 200 sperm reach the egg


    surface; normally only one goes in.
    Development

    See video 2 – Early stages of development

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