LIFS 1902 - General Biology II: Development
LIFS 1902 - General Biology II: Development
LIFS 1902 - General Biology II: Development
Video 1 - Fertilization
Chapter 22
Development
Development
1) Fertilization and early stages of animal development
• Cellular, tissue and organ stages
2) The processes of development
• Cellular differentiation
• Morphogenesis including pattern formation
3) Human embryonic and fetal development
Fertilization & Early Stages of Animal Development
(Oocyte)
https://www.proprofs.com/discuss/q/131486/starting-with-fertilized-zygote-series-five-cell-divisions-w
Sperm
https://theconversation.com/sperm-why-these-
secretive-swimmers-are-the-key-to-the-future-of-
fertility-and-contraception-81773
Oocyte
Follicle cells
Extracellular matrix
glycoprotein
Development
Fertilization – usually
occurs in the uterine
tube.
Ovary
Fertilization
2. Acrosomal 3. Sperm binds to 4. Sperm nucleus
1. Sperm enzymes digest a and fuses with
squeezes enters cytoplasm
portion of zona egg plasma of egg
through the pellucida membrane 5. Cortical
corona radiata granules
release enzymes
Corona
into zona The zygote
radiata
(follicle/nurse cells) pellucida only has
mitochondria
from the egg.
What happens
Sperm pronucleus to the sperm
Cortical granule
mitochondrion?
Egg plasma membrane
Egg pronucleus
Zona pellucida (egg coat;
extracellular matrix) 6. Sperm and egg
pronuclei are
Human egg is 100 μm in diameter – 1000 X smaller enclosed in a
than a chicken egg nuclear envelope
Fertilization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5OvgQW6FG4 5:40
Fertilization
Blocks to Polyspermy :
-Fast and slow
-Depolarization of the oocyte membrane (from
-65 mV to 10 mV), and this prevents binding of
any other sperm. (fast)
-Detachment of zona pellucida caused by the
enzymes secreted by cortical granules during
formation of the fertilization membrane.
-Cortical granules secrete enzymes that
crosslink the glycoproteins making it hard and
impermeable to sperm. (slow)