UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Course Code : GEEL 1

Course Title : LIVING IN THE IT ERA

MIDTERM PERIODIC COVERAGE

MODULE No. 06
TITLE: INTERNET
INTRODUCTION By the turn of the century, information, including access
to the Internet, will be the basis for personal, economic,
and political advancement. The popular name for the
Internet is the information superhighway. Whether you want
to find the latest financial news, browse through library
catalogs, exchange information with colleagues, or join in
a lively political debate, the Internet is the tool that
will take you beyond telephones, faxes, and isolated
computers to a burgeoning networked information frontier.

The Internet supplements the traditional tools you use to

gather information, data graphics, news and correspond with
other people. Used skillfully, the Internet shrinks the
world and brings information, expertise, and knowledge on
nearly every subject imaginable straight to your computer.
LEARNING  Discuss the basic concepts and applications of the
OUTCOMES internet.
LEARNING 1. Define the Internet and describe its associated
OBJECTIVES protocols.
2. Recall the history of internet and the people behind its
evolution.
3. Enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of internet.
4. Identify the different types of internet used for
communication.
5. Name the different terms used in internet.

Discussion/Situational analysis/Content Etc.:

What is Internet?

The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure.

It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in
which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

are both connected to the Internet. Information that travels over the
Internet does so via a variety of languages known as protocols.

Some common ways of connecting to the Internet include:

 Internet service provider (ISP) by modem

 Internet ready cable
 digital subscriber line (DSL)
 simply turning on your computer which is on a network at work or school
connected to the Internet
 Wireless Network (WiFi)
 Mobile Broadbands

What Can I Do on the Internet?

 Send and receive email messages.

 Download free software with FTP (File Transfer Protocol).
 Post your opinion to a Usenet newsgroup.
 Chat
 Surf the World Wide Web.
 There is no charge for most services.

How the Net really works: TCP/IP and DNS

TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol is

the Internet's fundamental "control system" and it's really two systems in
one. In the computer world, a "protocol" is simply a standard way of doing
things—a tried and trusted method that everybody follows to ensure things get
done properly. So, what do TCP and IP actually do?

Internet Protocol (IP) is simply the Internet's addressing system. All the
machines on the Internet—yours, mine, and everyone else's—are identified by
an Internet Protocol (IP) address that takes the form of a series of digits
separated by dots or colons. If all the machines have numeric addresses,
every machine knows exactly how (and where) to contact every other machine.
When it comes to websites, we usually refer to them by easy-to-remember names
(like www.explainthatstuff.com) rather than their actual IP addresses—and
there's a relatively simple system called DNS (Domain Name System) that
enables a computer to look up the IP address for any given website. In the
original version of IP, known as IPv4, addresses consisted of four pairs of
digits, such as 12.34.56.78 or 123.255.212.55, but the rapid growth in
Internet use meant that all possible addresses were used up by January 2011.
That has prompted the introduction of a new IP system with more addresses,
which is known as IPv6, where each address is much longer and looks something
like this: 123a:b716:7291:0da2:912c:0321:0ffe:1da2.
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

The other part of the control system, Transmission Control Protocol (TCP),

sorts out how packets of data move back and forth between one computer (in
other words, one IP address) and another. It's TCP that figures out how to
get the data from the source to the destination, arranging for it to be
broken into packets, transmitted, resent if they get lost, and reassembled
into the correct order at the other end.

A Brief History of the Internet

Precursors

 1844: Samuel Morse transmits the first electric telegraph message,

eventually making it possible for people to send messages around the
world in a matter of minutes.
 1876: Alexander Graham Bell (and various rivals) develop the telephone.
 1940: George Stibitz accesses a computer in New York using a teletype
(remote terminal) in New Hampshire, connected over a telephone line.
 1945: Vannevar Bush, a US government scientist, publishes a paper
called As We May Think, anticipating the development of the World Wide
Web by half a century.
 1958: Modern modems are developed at Bell Labs. Within a few years,
AT&T and Bell begin selling them commercially for use on the public
telephone system.

1960s: Preparing for a global network

 1964: Paul Baran, a researcher at RAND, invents the basic concept of

computers communicating by sending "message blocks" (small packets of
data); Welsh physicist Donald Davies has a very similar idea and coins
the name "packet switching," which sticks.
 1963: J.C.R. Licklider envisages a network that can link people and
user-friendly computers together.
 1964: Larry Roberts, a US computer scientist, experiments with
connecting computers over long distances.
 1960s: Ted Nelson invents hypertext, a way of linking together separate
documents that eventually becomes a key part of the World Wide Web.
 1966: Inspired by the work of Licklider, Bob Taylor of the US
government's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) hires Larry
Roberts to begin developing a national computer network.
 1969: The ARPANET computer network is launched, initially linking
together four scientific institutions in California and Utah.

1970s: The modern Internet appears

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COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

 1971: Ray Tomlinson sends the first email, introducing the @ sign as a

way of separating a user's name from the name of the computer where
their mail is stored.
 1973: Bob Metcalfe invents Ethernet, a convenient way of linking
computers and peripherals (things like printers) on a local network.
 1974: Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn write an influential paper describing
how computers linked on a network they called an "internet" could send
messages via packet switching, using a protocol (set of formal rules)
called TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
 1978: TCP is improved by adding the concept of computer addresses
(Internet Protocol or IP addresses) to which Internet traffic can be
routed. This lays the foundation of TCP/IP, the basis of the modern
Internet.
 1978: Ward Christensen sets up Computerized Bulletin Board System (a
forerunner of topic-based Internet forums, groups, and chat rooms) so
computer hobbyists can swap information.

1980s: The Internet gives birth to the Web

 1983: TCP/IP is officially adopted as the standard way in which

Internet computers will communicate.
 1982–1984: DNS (Domain Name System) is developed, allowing people to
refer to unfriendly IP addresses (12.34.56.78) with friendly and
memorable names (like google.com).
 1986: The US National Science Foundation (NSF) creates its own network,
NSFnet, allowing universities to piggyback onto the ARPANET's growing
infrastructure.
 1988: Finnish computer scientist Jarkko Oikarinen invents IRC (Internet
Relay Chat), which allows people to create "rooms" where they can talk
about topics in real-time with like-minded online friends.
 1989: The Peapod grocery store pioneer’s online grocery shopping and e-
commerce.
 1989: Tim Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web at CERN, the European
particle physics laboratory in Switzerland. It owes a considerable debt
to the earlier work of Ted Nelson and Vannevar Bush.

1990s: The Web takes off

 1993: Marc Andreessen writes Mosaic, the first user-friendly web

browser, which later evolves into Netscape and Mozilla.
 1993: Oliver McBryan develops the World Wide Web Worm, one of the first
search engines.
 1994: People soon find they need help navigating the fast-growing World
Wide Web. Brian Pinkerton writes WebCrawler, a more sophisticated
search engine and Jerry Yang and David Filo launch Yahoo!, a directory
of websites organized in an easy-to-use, tree-like hierarchy.
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

 1995: E-commerce properly begins when Jeff Bezos founds Amazon.com

and Pierre Omidyar sets up eBay.
 1996: ICQ becomes the first user-friendly instant messaging (IM) system
on the Internet.
 1997: Jorn Barger publishes the first blog (web-log).
 1998: Larry Page and Sergey Brin develop a search engine called BackRub
that they quickly decide to rename Google.
 1999: Kevin Ashton conceives the idea that everyday objects, and not
just computers, could be part of the Internet. This idea is now known
as the Internet of Things.

2000s: Internet and Web for all

 2003: Virtually every country in the world is now connected to the

Internet.
 2004: Harvard student Mark Zuckerberg revolutionizes social networking
with Facebook, an easy-to-use website that connects people with their
friends.
 2006: Jack Dorsey and Evan Williams found Twitter, an even simpler
"microblogging" site where people share their thoughts and observations
in off-the-cuff, 140-character status messages.
 2017: Russian president Vladimir Putin approves a plan to create a
private alternative to the Internet to counter the historic dominance
of the (traditional) Internet by the United States.

Advantages & Disadvantages of Internet

Advantages:

1. Communication:

The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And
internet has excelled beyond the expectations. Still; innovations are going
on to make it faster, more reliable.

Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting

in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail
the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There
are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has
become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share
your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.

2. Information

Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The

Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information
 UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY
Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines
like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find
any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for.
There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just
about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services,
trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical
support, the list is endless.

Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for
research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet
for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started
giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every coming
day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate.

3. Entertainment

Media of internet has become quite successful in trapping multifaceted

entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting chat rooms or just surfing
the Web are some of the uses people have discovered. There are numerous games
that may be downloaded from the Internet for free. The industry of online
gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat
rooms are popular because users can meet new and interesting people.

4. Services

Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job
seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidance services on
array of topics engulfing every aspect of life, and hotel reservations. Often
these services are not available off-line and can cost you more.

5. E-Commerce

Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering, or

business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via
Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping,
almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing
every single product and service will make you available at your door steps.
It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs,
technology to entertainment.

Disadvantages:

1. Theft of Personal information

If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your personal
information such as name, address, credit card number etc. can be accessed by
other culprits to make your problems worse.
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

2. Spamming

Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide no purpose

and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal activities can be
very frustrating for you, and so instead of just ignoring it, you should make
an effort to try and stop these activities so that using the Internet can
become that much safer.

3. Virus threat

Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your
computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus
attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you
considerable headache.

4. Pornography

This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy mental
life, a very serious issue concerning the Internet. There are thousands of
pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily found and can be a
detrimental factor to letting children use the Internet.

Internet Communication

Internet communication is referred to as the sharing of information, ideas,

or simply words over the World Wide Web, or the Internet. The Internet
consists of a worldwide string of connected networks that exchanges data
through packet switching using the standardized Internet Protocol Suite
(TCP/IP).

Types of Internet Communication

With the advent of high-speed internet connections, the internet has created
more ways of instant communications that provide a vast option of information
sharing.

Social Media Sites

This is a no-brainer. Almost everyone with access to the web has a social
media account. Whether it be Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or what have you,
a single post can connect you to a friend or loved one through means of
“liking”, “sharing”, or “commenting”.

Instant Messaging
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Instant message, or IM, is sending a real-time message from one user to

another. Examples are Yahoo! Messenger, Windows Live Messenger, or the
millennial-crush Snapchat.

E-mail

Electronic mail, is the techy version of the traditional mail. This is more
likely to be performed when engaging with a person officially, be it
conducting a business, heeding for certain requests, or just simply saying
“Hi”.

Chat Rooms

Before the rise of Social Media, chat rooms were the golden boys of the
internet. It’s the equivalent of partying and getting to know each other
where people come together to communicate in the same “room”.

Forum

Forums are specifically directed to people who have questions or want to

start an idea or thought through group discussions. Each post is classified
as a thread and is normally monitored by a mod, or moderator, who can either
edit or remove unnecessary posts that are irrelevant to the discussion at
hand.

Blog

Consider this as your pre-internet, journal or diary. Before, a journal zooms

in on one person’s life story. Now, a blog is used for more than life-sharing
people do blogs to earn money by promoting products, information-sharing,
giving tutorial, and even making political statements. People can comment and
subscribe to their blogs if they like the contents.

Internet Terms:

aDSL – Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A data communications technology

that uses copper-based telephone lines for transmission. It’s a distance
sensitive service, meaning your Internet speed will depend on your location
from a central telephone exchange.

ASP – Application Service Provider. A company that provides software

applications to customers over the Internet.

DNS – Domain Name System. This system allows the association of a website
name to an IP (Internet Protocol) address, so we don’t have to remember an IP
address all the time.
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

Gbps – Gigabit Per Second. Bit rate or data rate measurement of a computer
network. A 1Gbps fiber Internet connection = 1000Mbps (Megabits Per Second).

Gig – Gigabit. In data communications, a Gigabit is equal to one billion

bits.

HTML – Hypertext Markup Language. A type of system used to markup text files
to add fonts, color, graphics, links etc. Commonly used by web designers.

HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol. An application protocol for information

systems and the data communication foundation for the web.

IoT – Internet of Things. A network of devices or physical objects connected

via the Internet.

IP – Internet Protocol. Often used with IP address. An IP address is a number

assigned to any device which connects to the Internet. Check your IP address
and find out more about IP addresses by clicking on the link.

ISP – Internet Service Provider. A company that provides Internet and often
telephone services as well.

Kbps – Kilobits Per Second. A measurement of data transfer speed. Often

associated with modems or Internet connections. 1Kbps = 1000 bits per
second.

LAN – Local Area Network. A computer network that connects computers within a
certain area, such as an office, school, lab or home.

MAN – Metropolitan Area Network. Larger than a LAN, a MAN is a computer

network that may cover part of a city, a city or even designated areas around
a city.

Mbps – Megabits Per Second. A measurement of data transfer speed. 1Mbps =

1000 kilobits.

PBX – Private Branch Exchange. A phone system used to make both internal
employee to employee calls and external phone calls.

RAM – Random Access Memory. A form of computer data storage. Not to be

confused with the Daft Punk Album, ‘Random Access Memories’.

SSL – Secure Sockets Layer. Security technology which encrypts links commonly
between web servers and browsers.

LTE – Long Term Evolution. A 4G mobile / wireless communications standard,

that is faster than 3G, but not as fast as the 5G mobile standard. LTE
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

provides faster connection speeds than 3G and 4G over devices such as

smartphones and tablets.

VoIP – Voice Over Internet Protocol. A method and technology used to deliver
voice communications using an Internet connection. For example, Skype, or
Viber.

VPN – Virtual Private Network. A secure private network, which uses a public
network such as the Internet to connect users.

WAN – Wide Area Network. A network that covers a large area. For example, a
telecommunications network that may cover a metro, national or even
international area.

Wi-Fi / WiFi / Wifi / Wi-fi – Wireless Fidelity. Local wireless technology

that allows devices to exchange data.

3G – (3rd generation). A collection of 3rd generation cellular data

technologies.

4G – (4th generation). A collection of 4th generation cellular data

technologies, which succeeded 3G.

5G – (5th generation). A collection of 5th generation cellular data

technologies, which succeeded 4G. The current mobile standard available, as
of 2019 and beyond in many nations.

The Importance of Internet in Students Life

The internet has brought about many advancements in communication,

technology, communication as well as education. The internet could serve as a
tutor to the students. Students can use the internet for quick purposes to
avail information and the knowledge they need for the projects and
assignments. In spite of the debates and criticisms against internet use for
students, it still contributes to the growth in their lives and academic
world.

1) It does not require breaks or time

The world of internet is always active and never takes a break. This fact
allows the students to complete their assignments, research projects and work
at any time that suits them. Regardless if you are looking for assistance or
a report for reading, you can always find it around the clock in the
internet.

2) Real-time data
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

The online world has the capability of being in real time. There is an
estimation that more than 60,000 pages of new data are inserted to the web
each passing day. This estimation implies students have better current
information that is up-to-date. The real-time data also assist the teachers
in tailoring lectures in a more exciting way.

3) New methods of socialization

The internet provides students with new methods of interacting with each
other through social media platforms like Twitter and Facebook. Various
online applications additionally permit students to get meaningful ways of
connecting and building relationships as they study. Students can interact
with their companions at any time they want.

4) Helps in the research process

The Internet makes research basic, simple, and speedy and also makes it more
appealing. The internet is an effective platform for conducting your research
if your lecturer gives you a research project to work on. You will find a lot
of sites on the web that can provide vast information about various subjects
and topics.

5) New ways of connecting with colleagues and friends

Internet is becoming a crucial tool for connecting students to their teachers

and friends. There are a lot of social networking websites on the internet
which allows you to interact with teachers and friends. Additionally, some
developers have innovated social networks which are mainly designed for
teachers and students.

6) Online Education

Online education is garnering popularity among students across the globe. And
also, online learning allows you to learn a course without joining campus. A
lot of well-known universities have created a lot of online programs, and
students mostly use this to further their studies even as they work.

Reference/s:

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/internet.html
https://www.fastmetrics.com/blog/tech/tech-terms-isp-abbreviations/
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Tuguegarao City

COLLEGE FRESHMEN PROGRAM (CFP)

First Semester, School Year 2020-2021

https://www.eztalks.com/unified-communications/internet-
communication.html#:~:text=Internet%20communication%20is%20referred
%20to,Suite%20(TCP%2FIP).
https://impoff.com/importance-of-internet/

Prepared by:

IT Instructors