Assignment-1

1. Convert the following numbers with the indicated bases to decimal:

(a) (4310)5 (b) (198) 12

(c) (435) 8 (d) (345) 6

2. Convert the following decimal numbers to the indicated bases:

(a) 7562.45 to octal.

(b) 1938.257 to hexadecimal.
(c) 175.175 to binary.

3. Convert the following numbers from the given base to the other three bases indicated.

(a) Decimal 225 to binary, octal, and hexadecimal.

(b) Binary 11010111 to decimal, octal, and hexadecimal.
(c) Octal 623 to decimal, binary, and hexadecimal.
(d) Hexadecimal 2AC5 to decimal, octal, and binary.

4. Add and multiply the following numbers without converting to decimal.

(a) (367)8 and (715)8
(b) (15F)16 and (A 7)16
(c) (110110)2 and (110101)2

5. Perform the following division in binary: 111111ll/101.

6. Determine the value of base x if (211)x = (152)8.
7. Perform the subtraction with the following unsigned binary numbers by taking the 2's
complement of the subtrahend.
(a) 11010 - 10000
(b) 11010 - 1101
(c) 1 00 - 110000
(d) 1010100 – 1010100

8. Simplify the following Boolean expressions to a minimum number of literals:

(a) ABC + A 'B + ABC'
(b) x'yz + xz
(c) (x + y)'(x' + y')
(d) xy + x(wz + wz')

9. Given the following Boolean function:

F = xy'z + x'y'z + w!xy + wx'y + wxy
(a) Obtain the truth table of the function.
(b) Draw the logic diagram using the original Boolean expression.
(c) Simplify the function to a minimum number of literals using Boolean algebra.
 (d) Obtain the truth table of the function from the simplified expression and show that it
is the same as the one in part (a).
(e) Draw the logic diagram from the simplified expression and compare the total number
of gates with the diagram of part (b).

10. Express the following functions in sum of minterms and product of maxterms:
(a) F(A,B, C,D) = B'D + A'D + BD
(b) F(x, y, z) = (xy + z)(xz + y)

11. Convert the following to the other canonical form:

(a) F(x, y, z) = 2:(1, 3, 7)
(b) F(A, B, C, D) = 11(0, 1,2,3,4,6,12)

12. Show that a positive logic NAND gate is a negative logic NOR gate and vice versa.

13. Simplify the following Boolean functions using three-variable maps:

(a) F(x, y, z) =∑(0, 1,5,7)

(b) F(x, y, z) =∑(1, 2, 3, 6, 7)

(c) F(x, y, z) =∑ (3,5,6,7)

(d) F(A, B, C) =∑(0,2, 3, 4, 6)

14. Simplify the following Boolean expressions using four-variable maps:

(a) w'z + xz + x'y + wx'z

(b) B'D + A'BC' + AB'C + ABC'

(c) AB'C + B'C'D' + BCD + ACD' + A'B'C + A'Be'D

(d) wxy + yz + xy'z + x'y

15. Simplify the following Boolean functions using five-variable maps:

(a) F(A, B, C, D, E) =∑(0, 1,4,5,16,17,21,25,29)

(b) F(A, B, C, D, E) =∑(0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,11,15,16,18,19,23,27,31)

16. Simplify the following Boolean functions in product of sums:

(a) F(w,x,y, z)=∑(0, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8,10)

(b) F(A, B, C, D) =∏(1, 3, 5, 7, 13, 15)

17. Draw the AND-OR gate implementation of the following function after simplifying it in

(a) sum of products and (b) product of sums:

F (A, B, C, D) =∑(0, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8,10)

18. Simplify the following Boolean functions by means of the tabulation method:

(a) f(A, B, C, D, E) = ∑(0,3,5,8,12,14,15,17,19,20, 23,28, 3

ASSIGNMENT‐2 

1. Implement the following functions USING 16:1 MUX, 8:1 MUX, 4:1 MUX and 2:1 MUX 
F(A,B,C,D)= ∑m(0,1,3,4,8,9,11,12,14,15) 
2. Implement the following functions using decoder 
(a). F(A,B,C,D)= ∑m(0,1,3,4,8,9,11,12,14,15) 
(b).F(A,B,C)= ∑m(0,1,2,4,7) 
(c). F(A,B,C,D)= ∏M(0,1,3,4,8,9,11,12,14,15) 
(d).Half Adder and Full Subtractor 
3. Explain encoder and priority encoder. 
4. Explain four bit decimal adder,four bit binary multiplier and four bit comparator. 
5. Design binary to Gray code converter. 
6. (a) Implement 16:1 MUX using 4:1 MUX.(b)Implement 1:16 DEMUX using 1:4 DEMUX. 
(c). Implement 4:16 Decoder using 2:4 decoder. 
 
 
 
ASSIGNMENT‐3 
1. Write the Excitation table and characteristic equation of JK flip flop
2. Write the difference between combinational and sequential circuits.
3. What is race around condition?
4. Draw and explain the PISO, PIPO register.
5. Design a universal shift register that performs HOLD, SHIFT RIGHT, SHIFT LEFT, &
LOAD

6. Design a 3 bit up/down ripple counter 

 
  
 
ASSIGNMENT‐4 
1. An asynchronous sequential logic circuit is described by the following excitation and
output function
y= X1X2+(X1+X2)Y
Z=y
2. Draw the logic diagram of the circuit, Also derive the transition table and output map.
An asynchronous sequential circuit is described by excitation function
F=AB’+(A+B’)C and z=c
(a)draw the logic diagram of the circuit.
(b)draw the output map
 
3. Describe hazards in digital circuits. How these are removed 
4. Describe state reduction and assignment process. 
5. What is the analysis procedure of asynchronous sequential circuit. 
 
 
 
ASSIGNMENT‐5 
1. Draw and explain the operation of a RTL NOR gate
2. Draw and explain the operation of a TTL NAND gate.
3. Write short notes on RAM and PLA 
4. design a combinational circuit using ROM The circuit accepts a three bit number equal
to the square of the input number. 
5. Draw a PLA circuit to implement the function 
F1=A’B+AC’+A’BC’
F2=(AB+BC+CA)’
F3=BC+AC+B’AC’ 

 
 

 
 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

EC6302 – DIGITAL ELECTRONICS QUESTION BANK

UNIT –I
MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES AND LOGIC GATES

Part – B
1. a). i). Simplify the following function using K – map, f=ABCD+AB’C’D’+AB’C+AB &
realize the SOP using only NAND gates and POS using only NOR gates (12)
ii). Simplify the logic circuit shown in figure (4)

2. a). i). Minimize the term using Quine McCluskey method & verify the result using K-
map method πM(0,1,4,11,13,15)+ πd(5,7,8). (10)
ii). Explain the operation of 3 input TTL NAND gate with required diagram & truth
table. (6)

3. a). i). Using K-map method, Simplify the following Boolean function and obtain
(a) minimal SOP and
(b) minimal POS expression & realize using only NAND and NOR gates
F=∑m(0,2,3,6,7) + d(8,10,11,15) (10)
ii). Draw the circuits of 2 input NAND & 2 input NOR gate using CMOS (6)

4. a). i). Using Quine McCluskey method Simplify the Boolean expression
F(v,w,x,y,z) = ∑ (4,5,9,11,12,14,15,27,30) +∑ø(1,17,25,26,31) (10)
ii). Explain the working of a basic totem-pole TTL 2 input NAND gate. (6)

5. a).i).Find a minimal SOP representation for f(A,B,C,D,E) = ∑m(1,4,6,10,20,22,24,26) +

d(0,11,16,27) using K-map method. Draw the circuit of the minimal expression using
only NAND. (12)
ii). Obtain 3 level NOR – NOR implementation of f = [ab + cd] ef (4)

6. Minimize the term using Quine McCluskey method & verify the result using K-map
method ΠM(1,4,5,9,12,13,14) · Πd(8,10,11,15). (16)
7. Find a minimal SOP representation for f(A,B,C,D,E)=∑m(1,4,6,10,20,22,24,26)+
d(0,11,16,27) using K-map method. Draw the circuit of the minimal expression using
only NAND. (16)
8. (i)Given Y (A, B, C, D) = ∏M (0, 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 14, 15), draw the K-map and obtain the
simplified expression. Realize the minimum expression using basic gates. (8)
(ii) Prove by perfect induction (8)
(i). A+AB = A
(ii) A(A+B) = A
(iii) A+A’B = A+B and
(iv) A(A’+B) =AB

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 1

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

9. (i). Compare & contrast the features of TTL & CMOS logic families. (8)
(ii). List out the basic rules (laws) that are used in Boolean algebra expressions with
example. (8)
10. Simplify using K-map to obtain minimum POS expression (A’+B’+C+D) (A+B’+C+D)
(A+B+C+D’) (A+B+C’+D’) (A’+B+C+D’) (A+B+C’+D). (16)
11. (i). Implement the expression Y (A, B, C) = ∏ M (0, 2, 4, 5, 6,) using only NOR-NOR
logic. (8)
(ii). Draw the schematic and explain the operation of a CMOS inverter. Also explain its
characteristics. (8)
12. (i). Express the Boolean function F=XY+X’Z in product of maxterm. (4)
(ii). Simplify the 5 variable switching function using Karnaugh map
f(EDCBA)=∑m(3,5,6,8,9,12,13,14,19,22,24,25,30). (12)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 2

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

UNIT –II

1. Draw the block schematic of Magnitude comparator and explain its operation
2. Draw & explain the block diagram of a 4-bit parallel adder / Subtractor

3. Design & implement the conversion circuits for BCD to Excess – 3 code.
4. (i) Design a BCD to Gray code converter. Uses don’t care.
(ii) Implement full subtractor using Demultiplexer.
5. Design an Excess – 3 to BCD code converter. Uses don’t care
6. (i). Implement full adder using decoder.
(ii).Realize F(w, x, y, z)= Σ (1,4,6,7,8,9,10,11,15) using 8 to 1 Mux
7. Explain the operation of carry look ahead adder with neat diagram
8. (i). Draw and explain the BCD adder circuit.
(ii). Design a seven segment decoder circuit to display the numbers from 0 to 3.

9. (i).Design & explain the working of Gray to BCD converter.

(ii).Explain even parity checker and generator.
10. (i).Draw the logic diagram of BCD to Decimal decoder and explain its operations.

COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS

Part – B
11.Draw the logic diagram of a 2-bit by 2-bit binary multiplier and explain its operation.

(ii).Design & explain the following circuits, (i) Comparator (ii) 4 to 1 Mux. (6)
12. Draw & explain the block diagram of a 4-bit serial adder to add contents of two registers.
(16)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 3

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

UNIT –III
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

Part – B
1. i). Design and explain the working of an 4-bit Parallel counter (8)
ii). Design and working of a BCD ripple counter with timing diagram. (8)
2. i).Design a 3 bit synchronous counter which counts in the sequence 000, 001, 011,
010,100, 110, (repeat) 000, …using D flip flop. (10)
ii).Analyze the logic diagram and draw the state diagram for the given logic. (6)

3. i).Design and explain the working of an 4-bit Up/Down ripple counter (8)
ii). Design and working of a synchronous MOD- 5 counter. (8)
4. i).Design a synchronous counter with states 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, .... using JK flip flop. (8)
ii).Construct a JK FF using a D FF, a 2:1 Multiplexer and an inverter. (8)
5. i).Design and explain the working of an 4-bit Up/Down Parallel counter. (8)
ii).Design and working of a synchronous MOD- 6 counter using JK FF. (8)
6. i).Design a synchronous 3-bit counter which counts in the sequence 1, 3, 2, 6, 7, 5, 4,
(repeat ) 1,3..... using T FF (10)
ii).Realize JK Flip Flop using SR Flip Flop (6)

7. Design a sequence detector which detects the sequence 01110 using D flip flop (16)
8. (i).Explain the operation of universal shift register with neat block diagram. (8)
(ii). Explain the working Master/Slave JK FF (8)
9. i). Draw the logic diagram for a 5- bit serial load shift register using D FF & explain. (10)
ii). Write notes on state minimization. (6)
10. Draw a 4-bit SISO SIPO, PIPO and PISO shift register and draw its waveforms (16)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 4

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

11. i). Draw an asynchronous decade counter & explain its operation with neat waveforms.(8)
ii). Design a 3-bit binary counter using T FF that has a repeated sequence of 6 states.
000-001-010-011-100-101-110. Give the state table, state diagram & logic diagram. (8)
12. i). Design and explain the working of a MOD-11 counter. (8)
ii). Design a counter to count the sequence 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6,...using SR FF’s (8)

UNIT –IV
MEMORY DEVICES

Part – B
1. i). Give the classification of semiconductor memories (8)
ii). Implement the following function using PLA F1=∑ (2, 4, 5, 10, 12, 13, 14) and
F2 = ∑ (2, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15). (8)
2. i). Realized BCD to Excess-3 code using ROM array (8)
ii). With logic diagram, explain the basic macrocell. (8)
3. i). Write short note on RAM, types of ROMs (10)
ii). Implement the following function using PLA F1=∑ (0, 1, 2, 4) and
F2 = ∑ (0, 5, 6, 7). (6)
4. i). Realize the following function using PAL
F1(x, y, z) = ∑ (1, 2, 4, 5, 7). And
F2(x, y, z) = ∑ (0, 1, 3, 5, 7) (8)
ii). Write a note on FPGA with neat diagram. (8)
5. i). Explain read cycle and write cycle timing parameter with the help of timing
diagram. (10)
ii). A combinational circuit is defined as the function F1 = AB’C’+AB’C+ABC and
F2 = A’BC+AB’C+ABC. Implement the digital circuit with a PLA having 3 inputs, 3
product terms and 2 outputs. (6)
6. i).Write short notes on PLD, types of PLDs. (8)
ii). Implement the following Boolean function using 3×4×2 PLA, F1(x, y, z) = ∑ (0, 1,
3, 5) and F2(x, y, z) = ∑ (3, 5, 7) (8)
7. Design using PAL the following Boolean functions (16)
W(A,B,C,D) = ∑(2, 12, 13)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 5

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

X(A,B,C,D) = ∑(7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)

Y(A,B,C,D) = ∑(0, 2,3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 15)
Z(A,B,C,D) = ∑(1, 2, 8, 12, 13)

8. i).Design a combinational circuit using ROM. The circuit accepts a three bit number
and outputs a binary number equal to the square of the input number. (8)
ii). Describe the RAM organization. (8)
9. i). Draw a PLA circuit to implement the function F1 = A’B + AC’,
F2 = (AC + AB + BC)’ (8)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 6

EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

ii). Write short notes on EPROM and EEPROM. (8)

10. i). Realize the following function using PLA F (w, x, y, z) = Π (0, 3, 5, 7, 12, 15)
+ d (2, 9). (8)
ii). Implement Binary to Gray code converter using PROM devices (8)

11. Implement the following Boolean functions using 4 × 3 × 4 PAL (16)

i. W(A, B, C, D) = ∑ (0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13)
ii. X (A, B, C, D) = ∑ (0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14).
iii. Y(A, B, C, D) = ∑ ( 2, 3, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13)
iv. Z(A, B, C, D) = ∑ (1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14)
12. i). Explain the principle of operation of Bipolar SRAM cell. (8)
ii). How can one make 64X8 ROM using 32X4 ROMs? Draw such a circuit & explain.
(8)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 7

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

UNIT –V
SYNCHRONOUS AND ASYNCHRONOUS SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS

Part – B
1. Design a clocked synchronous sequential logic circuit using JK flip flops for the
following state diagram. Use state reduction if possible. (16)

2. What is a Hazard? What are the types of hazards? Check whether the following
circuit contains a hazard or not Y = x1x2 + x2′x3 If the hazard is present,
demonstrate its removal (16)

3. Design a clocked sequential machine using JK flip flops for the state diagram shown
in figure. Use state reduction if possible and make proper state assignment. (16)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 8

EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

4. Derive the transition table, state table and state diagram for moor sequential circuit
shown in below figure. (16)

5. Sequential circuit has three flip flops A, B, and C; one input x_in ; and one output
y_out. The state diagram is shown in below figure. The circuit is to be designed by
treating the unused states as don’t care conditions. Analyze the circuit obtain from
the design to determine the effect of the unused states. Use T flip flops in the design.
(16)

6. i). Reduce the number of states in the following state table, and tabulate the reduced
state table. (8)
Present State Next State Output
X=0 X =1 X =0 X=1
a f b 0 0
b d c 0 0
c f e 0 0
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 9
 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

d g a 1 0
e d c 0 0
f f b 1 1
g g h 0 1
h g a 1 0
ii). Analyze the synchronous sequential logic circuit and derive the transition table
and state diagram. (8)

7. Design a clocked synchronous sequential machine using T flip flops for the following state
diagram. Use state reduction if possible .also use straight binary state assignment.
(16)

8. i).What is hazards? Give hazard free realization for the following Boolean function.
F(A, B, C, D) = ∑m(0, 2, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12) (10)
ii).Differentiate Moore and Mealy machines with block diagram (6)
9. Derive the state table and state diagram of the sequential circuit shown in below
figure. Explain the function that the circuit performs. (16)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 10

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics III Semester

10. Design a clocked synchronous sequential logic circuit for the following state diagram.
Use state reduction if possible. (1) Using D flip flops (2) Using T flip flops (16)

11. i). For the state diagram shown in below figure, design a synchronous sequential
circuit using JK flip flops. (12)

ii). What is ASM? Give the basic notations. (4)

12. i). What are static and dynamic hazards? Give static – 0 hazard free realizations for
the following Boolean function. F(A, B, C, D) = ΠM(3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15). (12)
ii). Write the design procedure for Asynchronous sequential logic circuits. (4)

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Page 11

 EC6302 – Digital Electronics
III Semester

Department of Electronics and

Communication Engineering