CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Examination malpractices have remained a bane of Nigeria educational system.

Most of the foreigners students in Nigeria say the academic certificate being
issues to graduates in Nigeria are no more valuable than the pieces of paper on
which they are printed, because it does not represent them as individual or
person.

Now, what is the examination malpractice?

Examination malpractice is an illegal behavior by a candidate before, during or

after the examination so that he or she can attain success easily and cheaply.
Hence, the worth of the examination is nor and is been violated.

Examination malpractice is a cankerworm that portends great and dangerous

danger for the nation. It cuts across all levels of our education system. People
who see examination malpractice as the only way to victory in such bloody way as
education are mostly the lazy and mediocre students who are not sure of their
academic capabilities and knowledge they have acquired. Hence, they resort to
cheating during examination.

Examination plays vital or several important rules in the teaching learning

process. It is a necessary incentive to study a means of getting feedback and a
yardstick for evaluating the effectiveness of instructional deliver, selection,
placement and for employment. Nowadays, it is widely used as a medium for
promotion in many parastatals but when proper use of examination is abused by
both examinees, examiners and the entire populace, a question may then arise as

1
to what is the relationship between examination malpractice and the student
academic performance in primary and secondary schools.

Even teachers read answers to students in examination hall and even work sum
for them to copy quickly before they are cleaned off (Denga and Denga 1998).
Based on this statement, teachers may feel that if the students fail to perform
well, it will be a slap on their faces; hence, the public the whole public will know
that they did not carry out their teaching effectively. The authors further said that
students believe that, that is the only fastest way to achieve their success easily.

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Most of the large scale of examination malpractice is the type of which we are
witnessing today, making nonsense of educational qualification and discredit
institution of learning and the nation as a whole. This is bound in have adverse
effect on the credibility of certification issued by our institutions of learning and
the examination bodies as a whole or persons.

The end result is that the entire nation will suffer when its destiny is placed in the
hands of half-baked elements with low mental abilities, men and women which
have no conscience commenting on the danger posed to the nation at large by
the ugly incidence of the examination malpractice, Ekpu (1991) also said that
some students buy question papers with their bodies if they are females, dull,
wayward and attractive or beautiful. Some others buy question papers with
money if they are rich or their parents are rich, dull, lazy and ambitious. And
those who sell them are either teachers or supervisors, they are men and women
who are greedy and unscrupulous.

2
Certainly a country in a hunger to acquire technological skills and knowledge
cannot only afford the intellectual death of the youths nor can she afford to
watch helpless. They huge investment of the federal, state and local government
as well as those parent who goes down the drain because of the dastardly act of a
few indiscipline and soulless or heartless individuals.

Examination council or joint admission and matriculation board have no

disciplinary over their teacher or other non-staff who deliberately betray the trust
reported to imposed in them. The existence of syndicates, who have involved
sophisticated methods of perpetuation of examination malpractices, has militated
against eventual elimination of the syndrome.

1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The scope of this project is limited in Federal Government College Daura, this is
project is intended to look in the effect of examination malpractices on student
academic in our secondary school in Nigeria.

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of the study is to find solution to the menace of the effect of
examination malpractice as it affect the nation in the area of half-baked educated
personnel who are working for the government some people who got their
certificate are not well educated because it is through examination malpractice
process and now is at the helm of government.

3
1.4 HYPOTHESIS/RESEARCH QUESTION

RESEARCH QUESTION

1. Is there any significant effect of examination malpractices on the education

system?
2. Does students personal problems influence their indulgent in examination
malpractices.

3. Does in effecting teaching and learning in schools affects students

involvement in examination malpractices.

4. Does bribery and corruption on the part of teachers encourage their

students to involve there roles in examination malpractices.

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The following null hypotheses were drown to guide the research.

1. Examination malpractices have no significant effect on the educational

system.

2. Students personal problem does not significantly influences effect on the

examine malpractices.

3. The ineffective teaching learning in schools have no significant effect on the

occurrence of examination malpractice.

4. Bribery on corruption on the part of teachers have no significant influences

on the occurrence of examination malpractice among students.

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1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The study becomes significant now that the level of examination malpractice is
reaching on unprecedented level to the educational scene. Its effect are being felt
by learners themselves who cannot prove in practice what they claim to have on
paper, parents who cannot be sure of the actual academic performance of the
children, teachers whose objectives for using examinations as a measure of
intellectual attachment cannot be realized and the nation whose future
generation are at a greater damage.

The study shall be useful to adolescent of school to assert their rights and cope
adequately well, with peer pressure with out yielding ground. In order to achieve
a balanced psychological health among them. It would create parental awareness
in adults (i.e parents) who would remain not too far but available when wanted
without interference when not wanted, and to show parental care to adolescent.

The school teachers and head of schools, shall also gain from the study to
inculcate the right type of knowledge right type of knowledge skills and morals
expected of a good citizens of the society.

The ministry of education, would immensely benefit from the work, in providing
curriculum which would encourage the teaching and students participatiojn in
sports and extra curricular activities.

This will help to contribute to their social, emotional, intellectual and physical
development thus helping to produce a completely educated person in the
society.

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It is also of great importance to examination boards, like WAEC, NECO, JAMB,
NABTEB e.t.c in determining sources and the possible remedies to the occurrence
of examination malpractice.

1.6 LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

All researchers work of this nature have their limitations especially in a

developing country like ours Nigeria where the collection of data is not easily
attained as the alternatives is to make use of the best available data. The major
problems on the depth of this investigation are target and time factors because
this research work is to meet our gradual requirement despite the fact that ther
courses are being offered because of that I have to work round the clock to meet
the target finance.

1.7 DEFINITION OF THE STUDY

This is very essential in defining problem as some unique terms used in this
research work are explained below.

i. Bribery: the act of offering or taking of valuable e.g. money to pursuage, to

help or be helped.

ii. Corruption: The act of effect of making a change from moral to immoral
standard of behaviour.

iii. Examination: A format test involving answering written or oral question

with no or limited access to textbooks.

iv. Indiscipline: Lack of control in the behaviour of group of people.

6
v. Malpractices: An improper or unethical conduct by a professional or official
person.

vi. Micro-Chip: This is the process where by you write very tiny summarises on
pieces of papers.

vii. Cheat: To trick or deceive somebody especially when they trust you on a
particular thing.

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 CHAPTER TWO

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION

The role of the teacher in accomplishing learning is to guide and direct learning to
enable student to achieve the set goals of education. But it is very unfortunate
that most teachers apart from carrying out their assigned duty of teaching the
pupils also indulge in teaching the student how to cheat in examination.
According to Agbo (2003), among the forces behind examination malpractice is
the teacher related factor. Most often gross un-commitment to duty resulted in
anxiety created by non-completion of syllabus. The author also said that some
teachers are incompetent and so do not give the students the right requirement
for examination. Also a student cheating behavior have been traced to the way
and manner teachers carry on their duty of teaching. Some teachers pay little
attention to class teaching, as such the scheme of work is never covered and
because of that the student will now resort to cheating to meet up with those
who have been taught adequately in their classes or schools.

Some teachers who are assigned to supervise examination connive with students
to cheat due to the high level of poverty. The teachers often demand money from
the students writing examination, most of them will even collect a high amount of
N1,000 to N1,500 to allow students cheat confirming the above view. While
Ezezogor (1982) said that student involvement in examination malpractice is due
to teachers and principal aiding student in buying past question paper for the
examination to written. Took for instance, in some secondary schols, there is what
is popularly known as corruption fee which is paid by every student who
8
registered for such an examination. This corruption fee is to enable the teachers,
principals and supervisors to help them throughout the period of examination.

Okoro (2001) is of the view that the pattern of the examination question set by
the teachers sometimes encourages some students to engage in examination
malpractice.

This implies that question that require reproduction of facts by students will make
them to find the facts somewhere when they cannot draw immediately from their
memory.

New burger (2003) claimed that the discrimination of the teachers to pursue
evidences of cheating is based on sympathy for students are trying to cope in a
grade oriented system. The author further pointed that the overwhelming
testimony of high school students is that when a student is caught cheating the
teacher out of him/her sympathy, misguided or out of desire to avoid personal
confrontation with the student or the parents often looks the other way. This fact
is true even in Nigeria school system. Where teachers sympathize with students
by hiding incidence of cheating during examination. Confirming this fact further
New burger (2003) said that a high school teacher teaching a class drawn from a
low - achieving track will deliberately leaves the classroom for a few minutes
during each test so that the students can swap answers. This action rationalized
on the bases that those students need all the help they can get from the teachers.

Title and Rawe (1974) as cited by Hell (2003) conducted a study on "fear and the
student cheaters". The study revealed that too much trust and familiarity in a
class environment could lead to higher levels of cheating. Hell (2003) therefore

9
reported that the most salient factor in reducing cheating in the study was the
fear of getting caught and punished.

Neil, however, pointed out further that although the motives for cheating are
complex, one cause may have something to with the way teachers teach in the
class. Selman (1980) pointed out that many early adolescents have begun to
recognize that fair relationships are ones that are characterized by reciprocity.
This implies that the relationships teachers would have with students would be to
a large extent determine by the studies decision to cheat or not to cheat in
examinations hall.

Denga and Denga (1998) asserted that parents, guardian’s community leaders
and teachers and leaders are guilty of collaborating in one way or the other to aid
examination malpractice. The authors further said that rich parents often dangle
money on teachers and pressurize their children to pass with good grades which
is good but should be done in the right process not in examination malpractice.
And also some of the guardians who acts as parents do parade the examination
premises walking and whispering and desperate to help their wards to do well. In
reference to this view, it can be inferred that parents and guardians pressure on
their children to do well and the act of giving money to teacher can lead students
to cheat their way out of school and feel that cheating is the only opinion and
right thing to do.

Stann and Ugwegbu (1980) found in a study which affirms that examination
school certificate in Nigeria is ascribed to the nature of the educational
competition to which students are conditioned. However, pressure and
determination by the students should be the most important factors to make

10
students work harder. But it's unfortunate that every person wants a short cut to
success instead of combining the two factors to succeed.

Furthermore, New burger (2003) asserted that children most especially the boys
are familiar with cheating especially the boys are familiar with cheating well
before they attempted to practice it academically. The author further said that
they may have observed it or done it in family life, cheating in games in order to
win for examples, or play groups. According to the author the pupils may have
heard their parents boast of successful cheating in their days.

New burger (2003) is of the view that of the three parties most interested in the
outcome of school cheating incidents. The accused student, the teacher and the
parents, each have a different perspective. The alleged pressure that leads to
cheating is attributed by most high school students to their parents, their peers
and sometimes to their own personal calculations. This is apart from parental
pressure on students to succeed; the society is also pressurizing students directly
or indirectly by placing high premium on paper qualification. Nenty (1985)
affirmed that the society is indirectly putting pressure on the students for success
even under extremely deprived conditions. The author is of the view that
students cannot be told that honesty pays but don't be a failure to yourself and
the world at large.

2.1 WHAT IS EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

Examination malpractice is define as any breach of examination question
production through storage distribution, writing, making, collection of scores and
production of results. According to Aluter 2003, examination malpractice exists
because of the involvement of examiners and persons changed with the

11
production, storage and distribution of examination papers as well as marketers,
result collectors and distributors and parents.

2.2 CAUSES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

Many factors contributes to promote examination malpractice, they includes.

1. Economic factors such as inadequate facilities, teaching aids, equipments.

Libraries all due to funding constraints.

2. Environments factors also causes examination malpractice, these include,

poor pre-university education, peer group, pressure congested facilities,
low moral motivation to learn, over-crowded classrooms, intensiveness of
programmes, culminating in inadequacy of study time

3. Corrupt invigilators and supervisors: the students know that if they offer
bribe to the invigilators they will be allowed to cheat in the examination
hall that will make them not to read their books as he should be done.

4. Psychological factors: also causes examination malpractices through poor

learning habits, strikes, e.t.c another important causes of examination are
evidences of moral decadence in a rotten society.
According to Ruwa (1997) as well reported that university lecturers are the
learning facilities, poor condition of services of teachers, fear of failure by
students and admission of un-qualified candidates into universities are
responsible for examination malpractice.
Pralt (1999) stated that students are likely to cheat when they are not
prepared for examinations. He also included the reason for it being the low
moral. Standard of schools, candidates fear failure, lacks of confidence in

12
 themselves, inadequate preparation, laziness and '419' syndrome that has
eaten deep into the life of the society.
It is glaring unwholesome societal values have caused some parents to put
pressure on their children to pursue courses for which they have little or no
aptitude. It is also a fact that some principals and proprietors perpetuate
malpractices, in order to maintain the prestige of their schools while
teachers wish to prove their professional excellence.

2.3 HISTORY OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE

Coomasis (2006) said that the first publicly reported case of examination occurred
in 1914 when there was a leakage of question papers in the senior Cambridge
local examination. Also ever since, there have been cases of irregularities on
annual basis. According to Usman 1994, the history of examination malpractice in
Nigeria could be traced back to 1948 matriculation paper in history cancelled
become he possessed notes on history during the examination.

The major forms of examination malpractice reported are impersonation, bringing

in foreign materials, (books, calculator e.t.c) substituting work scripts, stealing,
converting and misappropriating scripts and collection in the examination hall,
mass/organized cheating involving assistance from teachers and outside, the
issues however become a matter of serious public concern during the 1770/71
academic session with the infamous shocking examination super leakage entitle
"exp 70" which was linked with the West African Examination Council (WAEC). In
addition, after about two decades, there was another leakage linked with WAEC
during senior school certificate examination. All these were major reported case
in Nigeria. It begun to take a wider dimension and now a days, hardly any major

13
examination was conducted without some serious case of examination
malpractice reported by the Nigeria media.

Teaching is an oldest profession in Nigeria. In the past, it was occurred recognition

by the entire community teachers were seen as molders of characters and role
models in the society. Though the salary was not as high it is today since teacher
were largely the only paid workers especially in the rural areas, their social and
economic status were above the ordinary citizens. Consequently, teachers were
next to local chief and they played very vital role in decision that affected their
communities. They were also conscious of the high moral, social, economic and
intellectual standards conferred on them and lived exemplary lives.

However, over the years the teaching profession was concluded with teachers
with multifarious background, training and qualification with the emergence of
the so-called greener pastures, the profession began to lose the best of its work
face. It therefore followed that only those who could not get better job stayed on,
while new entrants to the profession used it as a stepping stone. Worst still,
auxilliary teachers who had other job went into the profession. In some case,
those trained to teach and are prepared to hire unqualified teachers because they
are cheaper to pay and maintain.

2.4 THE TRENDS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES

Perhaps, the first documented examination malpractice in Nigeria was the senior
Cambridge local examination in 1914, according to Aderoumu (2002), thus was 38
years before WAEC established. It can therefore be argued that examination
malpractice do not constitute a new phenomenon in Nigeria. Mayah (1991)

14
revealed that in Primary and Secondary School, classroom cheating and alteration
of mark are quite common.

The Joints administration and matriculation board (JAMB), has been having its
own share of examination malpractice since its inception in 1978. The
organizations registrar and chief executive had cause to lament, examination
malpractice cause one of the problems facing the board.

The National Teachers Institute (NTI) had also it own share of examination
malpractices. It witnessed as much malpractice as (JAMB). Examination bodies in
1983 when second examination was organized from NTI base in Kaduna, the
result of 3,385 candidates who cheated were cancelled in 1985, 2230 and 947 in
1987 (from daily sketch 1995). The students daily time (1995) also revealed that
tertiary institutions have experienced their own share in the canker worm. In
1986, 11 female student and 3 male students were arrested at the university of
teaching hospital for cheating in a final year nursing examination, which were
later cancelled nationwide.

Incidence of examination malpractice are not limited to major examination bodies

in Nigeria.

In 1998 a final year economics students of the University of Lagos was arrested at
the Federal Polytechnic Ado Ekiti as he was writing a semester examination for a
part one accountancy students. The Lagos State University was not left out as it
expelled 24 students for examination malpractices about the same time.

Tugbiyele (1977), also revealed that the final award committed of WAEC in Accra
Ghana said that Nigeria ranked first in 1977 November/December GCE

15
examination malpractice as 284 candidates from Nigeria was found guilty of
impersonation alone among other crimes. In the same year, two lecturers at the
Federal College Of Education (Technical) Gombe in Bauchi State were fixed over
their involvement in examination malpractice i the schools. Two candidates were
caught cheating during the Nigeria Institute of Bankers examination while a police
officer attached to the WAEC, Ibadan Zonal Offices and mine other employees as
the council were dismissed for illegal registration of candidates for GCE
examination. It is obvious from the above that most Nigerian adults and students
are involved in one kinds of examination malpractice or the other.

2.5 METHOD OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES

In recent times, examination malpractices has gone from simple griaffing where
students occasionally stretch their necks to catch glimpse of what they want to
copy from other studies scripts to a variety of sophisticated ones these include:

1. Bringing of foreign materials into the examination hall: this is a situation

where students brings the examination hall notes, textbooks, and other
prepared materials. Like microchips, and magic desks, sometimes students
bring into the hall un-authorized materials like sophisticated and scientific
calculators.

2. Collusion: This is a situation where two or more candidates agree to receive

or give assistance to each other. If it is verbal this is called ECOMOG OF
ECOWAS.
Afolabi (1998) said that collusion involves exchange of scripts, passing notes
for hap from outside and inside the hall, delaying commencement of

16
 examination one centre to obtain question paper from nearby centre which
has started.

3. Inscription: students have now advanced to the level of inscribing materials

or information on anything like parts of their body, for examples palms,
thighs, baby, pampers, dresses, handkerchiefs, rulers, purses chairs, tables,
walls of examination hall and so on.

4. Assistance from educational stakeholders this includes parents, teachers,

lecturers, supervisors, security agents, printers and staff of examination
bodies. Afolabi (1998) stated that leakage is one problem which appears to
defy all solutions. Its persistence despite methods of blocking loopholes is
an indication of the malaise and corruption in the society.
In all these teachers, lecturers, and examiners have also been implicated
and dismissed for their roles in examination malpractice. The corruption
has found its ways from the allocation of pupils to secondary schools into
higher institution. The result was negative of hard work and honesty, are
supposed to consolidate the already. Polluted academic environment of is
to pass examination at all cost without commiserate hard work and this
lead to examination malpractice.
Alute (2003) found that examination malpractice exist because of the
involvement of examinees, examiners and persons charged with the
productions, storage and distribution of examination papers as well as
marketers result collectors, distributors, parents and interested significant
of other sources of examination malpractice.

17
2.6 EFFECT OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES

From the combined efforts of government examination bodies and other sprinted
individuals and organization, the incidence of examination malpractice or fraud
still persists, Opeki Lagos on the 9th August 2003, enumerated the effects of
examination malpractices as:

1. Examination frauds are gradually killing our youth emotionally, spiritually

and socially to the extent that some overseas universities will not admit for
post graduate programmes, first degree holders from Nigeria, who have
graduated after the late 80s, this is because they do not have much
confidence in the score reflected in their scripts.

2. It affects students psychology: - the application of psychology in education

gives us a means of appraising individual children similarities and
differences and thus enables us to create more efficient learning
environment for theme.
Amongst students, teachers and examination officials it can lead to
embarrassment and of displayed foolishness in front of the class.

3. Examination malpractice leads to irreversible loss to credibility. A country

that is ranked high in examination malpractice losses international
credibility. The implication is that certificates or documents emanating
from such country’s educational system will be treated with suspicion and
doubt.

It leads to expulsion which may hinder the academic prospect of a child.

18
It makes students to be lazy to read and study in preparation for exams believing
that they can pass exams through malpractices and it causes lack of confidence in
students.

The worst effect examination malpractices are that it reduces the academic
integrity f institutions of learning.

For the purpose of achieving students selfish aims of cheating during examination,
both males and females students and teachers got involved in sexual immoralities
and misconducts which may ruin the life of such individuals in future or lead to
sex scandal.

2.7 SOLUTION TO EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES

Some of the possible solution to examination malpractices are as follows:-

i. Proper training of teachers in their fields and strict enforcement of

examination ethics.

ii. Improvement of basic instructional materials to enhance teaching and

learning.

iii. Guidance and counselors should be employed in all schools to guide the
students on study habits, career, prospects and requirement for various
careers.

iv. Making teaching profession more attractive to more people of substance

and ensuring uninterrupted session.

v. Regulating and ensuring systematic expansion of education at all level.

19
 vi. Perfecting continuous assessment practice in schools and progressively
making it a more dominant way of any certificate examination.

vii. Fighting Corruption in the larger society.

viii. The numbers of invigilators and supervisors should be increased in the

examination halls, for proper supervision to be carried out.

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 CHAPTER THREE

METHODOLOGY

3.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter will focus on the process of arriving at dependable solution to a

problem through a systematic collection of analysis and interpretation of data. It
also refers to the or information is been gathered, so as to carry out the research
work effectively.

Therefore, the methodology is very important to the study since its forms the
basis which the reader or users will use in evaluating the finding and conclusion.

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design for the purpose of this work among the student of F.G.C
Daura, shall be survey method because the research is designed to find out the
status of effect of examination malpractice in F.G.C Daura, Katsina State.

3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY

The population refers to the total number of people in which the researchers
intended to carry out his research on. It is out of the population that the sample is
drown.

The population shall cover all the teachers and student of Federal Government
College F.G.C Daura.

21
3.3 SAMPLE AND SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Sampling techniques refers to the technique of taking portion of a population as

representative of that population.

However the technique of systematic random sampling was used to draw the
sample. A list of all the academic staff was collected from the administrative unit
of the college. Any name of the academic staff of the college that fall under an
even number was taken as part of the sample. Therefore a total of forty (40)
academic staff was selected.

3.4 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT OF DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire is going to be used as the instrument for data collection.
The questionnaire was designed by the researcher, the questionnaire comprised
of both the close-ended and open-ended items. Further the questionnaire was
divided into two parts, the first part composed of questions on respondents’ age,
sex, marital status and level of education. The second part of the question was
related to the research problem.

3.5 VALIDITY OF THE INSTRUMENT

The instrument shall be given to experts in guidance and counseling for content
validation in the school, to ensure its face validity too, the instrument shall be
given to experts in measurement and evaluation. For proper validation.

3.6 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Questionnaire shall be administered to the teachers and students selected for the
this study.

22
The respondents shall be interviewed using that the questionnaire to generate
necessary data which regards to the research shall be explained to all the
respondents by research and they will be treated in confidence. The
questionnaire will be collected back from the researcher and scores generated
from the data shall be analyzed.

3.7 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

The data collected will be analyzed using simple percentages. The items will be
analyzed one after the other, the simple percentage was used to analyses the
data and responses collected from various respondents.

23
 CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 INTRODUCTION

This chapter deals with the presentation and analysis of the data collected from
the respondents. The and the responses obtained from various respondents will
be presented in this chapter. Before analyzing responses that are relevant in our
research questions, it is important to analyze the demographic questions such as
age, sex, marital status and level of education. The data collected will be
presented in tabular form in respect of the various items on the questionnaire.
The data contained in the table will be interpreted and analyzed accordingly.

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS

Respondents were asked questions about their age, the table below shows their
responses.

AGE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

20 – 30years 3 7.5%
31 – 40 years 31 77.5%
41 – 50 years 6 15%
51 and above
Total 40 100%
The above table shows that three of the respondents which represent 7.5% fall
with the age 20 – 30 years. Thirty one (31) of the respondents that represent
77.5% fall with the age of 31 – 40 years, while 15% of the respondents fall within
the age of 41 – 50 years, and none of the respondents was above fifty (50) years.

TABLE 2: SEX OF THE RESPONDENTS

24
 SEX NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %
Male 33 82.5%
Female 7 17.5%
Total 40 100%
The table above shows the sex of the respondents. Majority of the respondents
that represent 82.5% are males, while 17.5% are females. This shows that
majority of the respondents are males.

Respondents were also asked about their marital status. The table below shows
there responses.

TABLE 3: MARITAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENTS

MARITAL STATUS NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Married 34 8.5%
Single 6 15%
Widowed 0 0%
Divorce 0 0%
Total 40 100%
The above table shows that majority of the respondents that represents 8.5% are
married, 15% are single while none of the respondents are divorced or widowed.

Respondents were also asked about their level of education. The table below
shows that various levels of education of the respondents.

25
TABLE 4: RESPONDENTS LEVEL OF EDUCATION

LEVEL OF EDUCATION NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

NCE 10 25%
Degree 27 67.5%
Masters 3 7.5%
Phd 0 0%
ND 0 0%
Total 40 100%
The above table shows that 25% of the respondents are National Certificate of
Education holders. Majority of the respondents that represents 67.5% are degree
holders, three of the respondents are holders of master degree and none of the
respondents possess Phd and ND. At this point, the researcher will present and
analyze the main data collected in the course of the study.

Question 1: is there any significant effects of examination malpractices on the

education system

TABLE 5: RESPONDENTS VIEW ON EFFECT OF MALPRACTICE ON EDUCATION

SYSTEM

RESPONSE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE

Yes 40 100%
No
Total 40 100%
The table above shows that all the respondents believe that there is big effect of
examination malpractice on the education system.

This is usually cause by parents who want their children to pass by all means and
there by making education less value to the society, and is affecting the
educational system.

26
Most parents do not take the education of there children serious, whether they
read or not thereby resulting to examination malpractice.

Question 2: Does students personal problems influence their indulgement in

examination malpractices.

TABLE 6

RESPONSE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE %

Agree 18 46.5%
Not agree 22 53.5%
Total 40 100%
The table above shows that (18) of the total respondents which represents
46.5% agree that students personal problems influence their indulgement in
examination malpractice while (22) which is 53.5% did not agree to that total
respondents that students personal problems can lead them to examination
malpractice.

Lack of concentration to their books and not reading is the problem of the
students misbehavior of exam malpractices.

27
Question 3: does in effecting teaching and learning in school affects students
involvement in examination malpractice.

TABLE 7
RESPONSE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Agree 29 72.%%
Disagree 11 27.5%
Strong agree Nil 0%
Total 40 100%
The table above shows that the twenty nine (29) of the respondents which
represents 72.5% believe that in effecting teaching and learning in schools affects
students involvement in examination malpractices, while eleven (11) of the
respondents which represent 27.5% believe that in effecting teaching and
learning in schools does not affects students involvement in examination
malpractice.

Lack of dedication to duty on the part of the teachers is a serious of examination

malpractice, when the teachers are not qualified for teaching or impacting the
right knowledge on the students. Some teachers are bad examples to their
students, and found exhibit bad habit such as lack of incertity and devotion to
duty and collecting money from students.

On the other hand some students are in school but they are not willing to learn, in
the sense that they don’t stay in the school, they leave the school at midnight and
come back late mostly student in Federal Government College F.G.C Daura, there
by telling the teachers that they are not willing to learn, skipping there classes
and lessons.

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Question 4: does bribery and corruption on the part of teachers encourage their
student to involve there roles in examination malpractice.
TABLE 8
RESPONSE NO. OF RESPONDENTS PERCENTAGE
Agree 29 72.5%
Disagree 11 27.5%
Undecided Nil 0%
Total 40 100%
From the above table it shows that twenty-nine (29) of the respondents which
represent 72.5% believe that bribery and corruption on the part of teachers
encourage their students to involve in examination malpractice in the college.
While eleven (11) of the respondents which represent 27.5% believe that bribery
and corruption on the part of the teachers does not encourage the students to
involve in examination malpractices.

Collecting bribery encourage the students to engage in malpractice and that is

lack of prepare qualified teachers been employ by the school authorities, teachers
collecting bribery from student will multivate them not to read rather than to
cheat because they believe their money will speak for them. And this affect the
student psychological and create academic problems outside, where by a student
cannot defend his/her result obtain from the school, because of examination
malpractice.

Therefore, these are the presentation and analysis of the data gathered from
various respondents with regard to examination malpractice on student academic
performance in Federal Government College Daura (F.G.C) the finding in this
chapter has answered the research questions postulated in chapter one.

CHAPTER FIVE

29
5.0 INTRODUCTION

The main aim of this chapter is to summarize the major finding of the research on
the effect of examination malpractice in the falling standard of education in F.G.C
Daura, Katsina State. Attempt will be made to give certain recommendation,
which assist in reducing or curbing of the examination malpractice.

5.1 SUMMARY

The main aim of the study was to examine the effect of examination malpractices
on student’s academic performance in Federal Government College, Daura.

Specifically, the study was to examine the causes of examination malpractice, its
effects, what efforts our guardian/parents, society and government have been
making to eradicate malpractice in our schools.

However, result showed that students personal problems, peer pressure,

inadequate, teaching learning in schools, bribery and corruption on the parts of
teachers and examination officials tremendously lead to causes and perpetration
of the behavior of examination malpractices common.

Teachers and examination officials should be properly trained and taught how to
enforce strictly examination ethics by organizing workshops/seminars e.t.c.

Basic teaching materials and good environment for the teaching/learning should
be created by school authority to effect good teaching/learning fr learners and
teachers.

30
Fighting corruption in the larger society and in the schools should be a general
crusade to be embarked upon by the citizens of this great nation, this will go a
long way to eradication the menace of examination malpractice.

Ministry of education should find a better means of punishing teacher or erring

and examination officials found guilty of the offences of examination malpractice.

Finally parents and guardians on their own part, should instill discipline in their
children/wards and train them on how to work hard dependably and
conscientiously without needing extraneous means.

5.2 CONCLUSION

It is the candid opinion for the researchers that the moral decadence of
examination malpractice in this state and nation can be redeemed if we take
cognizance of its cause, effects and suggestions that this study and other
contributors or researchers offers on this issue.

The Nigeria society is currently corrupt; the moral value of the society is at its
lowest.

The society places great emphasis on acquisition of certificates through any

means. This situation breeds and encourages examination malpractice. However,
it is the fervent belief that this research has teachers and school authorities
occupy a unique position to curtail examination malpractice in the country. After
all it takes in examinations and teachers strongly resist such attempts,
actualization of cheating objectives will be in futility.

31
5.3 RECOMMENDATION

From the research findings discussed the researcher has come out with the
following recommendations, which will lead to the fight against examination
malpractices and its effects in our state and the country at large

1. Government and various schools authorities should see it as necessary to

create conducive learning environment for students where classes are not
crowded, it will be easy to adequately space and supervise themselves
during examination.

2. For government, other stakeholders and the society to effectively combat

the problem of examination malpractice, the government and the other
stakeholders must embark on massive enlightenment campaign against it.
The campaign highlighting the disastrous effort of examination malpractice
and even market places. It must appear n Television, Video and all other
mass media.

3. Preventive and curative guidance and all students in the secondary schools
in the state Oyoloye (1992) suggested that guidance and counseling should
be a well recognized number at an army consisting of effective of effective
teaching/learning, relevant school and societal activities to combat
examination malpractices, competent guidance and counselors should be
employed and deployed to counsel needy learners and students who are
caught in examination malpractice.

32
4. Examination misbehaviors attracts penalties that rauges from cancellation
of result, suspension, expulsion, termination of appointment or stringent
jail terms and (Ezo and Ezeani 1991).

5. In addition to this, is the provision of all necessary educational facilities that

can help the teaching learning process like sufficient classroom,
laboratories, and libraries. Denga in her research conducted in (1991)
revealed that parents contribute much that that involvement of their
children ad wards directly or indirectly. The socio economic situation of the
country is making many parents to shy away from their responsibility.
Parents could no longer give moral training, parents even sponsor their
children to cheat by giving them money to by "expo" or buying the live
questions for the children or registering them for WAEC, NECO and JAMB
examination in so-called "miracle centers". It is strongly believed that if
they family are responsibly most of the social bills on our society can be
minimized in due time.

6. In addition, using examination and certificates, as parameters for

employment and admission into higher institutions need to be
deemphasized there comes in the role of continue assessment going by its
concepts, it has a coding effect that is powerful enough to reduce in due
tension and pressure that usually lures students into the temptation of
examination malpractices.

7. Effective teaching and learning should be encouraged in our schools.

Teaching and learning should be should be acquire a desirable change in
behaviours and attitudes of the learners/students, but i our society today,

33
 students study only for them to pass their examination, hence some
dubious students involve in examination malpractice with the aim of
passing examination. Examination should not test the cognitive aspect only
but should include the effective and psychomotor domain of learning,
hence students who have plan of cheating will be defected. Examples
application of knowledge should be tested also parents have a great role to
play in encouraging their wards to read.

8. Parents have a great role to play in encouraging their wards to read, for
example, during birthdays and festivals parents should buy books for their
wards and encourage them to read the books. The government must resist
the issue of public libraries. They must also, encourage the revival of the
reading culture by reducing import duties on books and newsprints.
Students who engaged themselves in reading extensively are likely to be so
self confident that they will not favorably consider getting involved in
examination malpractice.

9. Emphasis should be laid on practical knowledge rather than theoretical

knowledge. Because practical knowledge test the application of theoretical
knowledge in solving everyday practical problem, that is no room for
examination malpractice in practical work.

34
REFERENCES
Afolabi S. (1987), leakages and irregularities in West African School Certificate
examination career 3,1 and 2.

Adamu M. (2001) “Examination Malpractice” A paper presented at the 4th Annual

Special and giving day ceremony of Federal Government College, Daura,
Katsina State.

Aderounmu (2002) The first document examination malpractice in Nigeria was

the Senior Cambridge Local Examination in 1914.

Balogun S. (1998) Handbook of examination and measurement interstate printers

and publishers p2 – 16.

Denga I.D and Denga H.M (1998) Educational Malpractice and cultism in Nigeria.
Calabar Raid Educational publishers limited.

Ezezogor M. (1982) Students involvement in examination malpractice is due to

teacher and principal aiding students.

Ibrahim A (2004) Examinatojn Malpractice, Punch May 14.

Lenin K. (1985), systems approach to examination malpractice educational journal

Vol. 2 (16) p134-136

New berger I. (2003) Claimed that the distinction of the teacher to pursue
evidences of cheating is on sympathy in Edition 3.

35
Okoro M. (2001) is of the view that the pattern of the examination question set

by the teacher encourage the student.

Oyeyipo D. (1989), Evaluation of Instruction in Education prior to Adoption in

Image (Ed). Trenda and research in education and evaluations Ibadan y –
book p206.

Ojogan .K. (1995), effectiveness on examination on the students achievement in

Language e.g. an unpublished B. Ed project, University of Lagos p44-49.

Pralt .I. (1999) Said students cheat when they are not prepared for examination.
Education 39 (3) 235 – 274.

Stann and Ugwebu (1980) found that examination school certificate ascribed to
Examination Malpractice.

Tughiyele .F. (1977) revealed the final committed of WAEC in Ghana ranked first
in 1977 November/December G.C.E Examination Malpractice.

36
 APPENDIX

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear Respondent,

I am student of post- graduate Diploma in Education from Federal College

of Education Katsina State. I am conducting a research on the effect of
examination malpractice on student academic performance. A case study of
Federal Government College (F.G.C) Daura. The research is purely for academic
purpose, I am assuming you that personal information will be treated with great
confidentiality, only collective information that will be publish.

Thank you for your attention and cooperation.

1. Age of the respondents:

a. 20 – 30 years b. 31 – 40 years c. 41 – 50 years

d. 51 – 61 years
2. Sex of respondents
a. Male b. Female

3. Marital status
a. Married b. Single c. Divorced d. Widow
4. Level of education
a. NCE b. Degree c. Masters d. Phd e. ND
5. Is there any significant effects of examination malpractice on the educational
system
a. Yes b. No

37
6. Ones student personal problems influence their indulgement in examination
malpractice?
a. Agree b. Not Agree
7. Does in effective teaching and learning in schools affects students involvement
in examination malpractice.
a. Agree b. Disagree c. Strongly Agree
8. Does bribery and corruption on the part of teachers encourage their students
to involve their roles in examination malpractice.
a. Agree b. Disagree c. Undecided
9. Do you believe that examination malpractice lead to cancelling of result
a. Agree b. Disagree
10.Do you believe that students engage in examination malpractice in order to
get good results.
a. Agree b. Not Agree
11.What are the common offences committed by the students?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
12. What type of students involved in such offences mentioned in question 11?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
13. Does the school authority take disciplinary action against those students
engaged in examination malpractices?
a. Yes b. No

38
14.Have the disciplinary measures succeeded in reducing the rate of examination
malpractice?
a. Yes b. No
15. What do you think is the major cause for students to engage in examination
malpractice in schools?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
16.What is your suggestion on ways to curb out the problems of examination
malpractice in the college or schools?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

39