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Drug Name Dosages Therapeutic Indications Adverse effects Contraindications Nursing considerations
Actions
albuterol ADULTS • In low doses, • Relief and • CNS: • Contraindicated Assessment
sulfate acts relatively prevention of Restlessness with
(al byoo' ter ole) Oral selectively at bronchospasm , hypersensitivity • History:
AccuNeb, beta2-adrenergic in patients with apprehension to albuterol; Hypersensitivity
Novo-Salmol • Initially, 2 or 4 receptors to reversible , anxiety, tachyarrhythmia to albuterol;
(CAN), mg (1–2 tsp cause obstructive fear, CNS s, tachycardia tachyarrhythmias
Proventil, syrup) tid–qid bronchodilation airway disease stimulation, caused by , tachycardia
Proventil HFA, PO; may and vasodilation; • Inhalation: hyperkinesia, digitalis caused by
Salbutamol cautiously at higher doses, Treatment of insomnia, intoxication; digitalis
(CAN), increase beta2 selectivity acute attacks tremor, general intoxication;
Ventodisk dosage if is lost, and the of drowsiness, anesthesia with general
(CAN), Ventolin necessary to 4 drug acts at bronchospasm irritability, halogenated anesthesia with
HFA or 8 mg qid, not beta2 receptors • Prevention of weakness, hydrocarbons or halogenated
to exceed 32 to cause typical exercise- vertigo, cyclopropane hydrocarbons or
Pregnancy mg/day. sympathomimeti induced headache (these sensitize cyclopropane;
Category C c cardiac effects. bronchospasm • CV: Cardiac the myocardium unstable
• Unlabeled arrhythmias, to vasomotor
Inhalation
Drug classes use: Adjunct in tachycardia, catecholamines); system
treating palpitations, unstable disorders;
• Each actuation PVCs (rare), vasomotor
• Sympathomi serious hypertension;
of aerosol anginal pain system
metic hyperkalemia coronary
dispenser • Dermatologic: disorders;
• Beta2- in dialysis insufficiency,
delivers 90 mcg Sweating, hypertension;
selective patients; CAD; history of
albuterol; 2 pallor, coronary
adrenergic seems to CVA; COPD
inhalations q 4– flushing insufficiency,
agonist lower patients who
6 hr; some CAD; history of
• Bronchodilato potassium • GI: Nausea, have developed
patients may CVA; COPD
r concentrations vomiting, degenerative
require only 1 patients with
• Antasthmatic when inhaled heartburn, heart disease;
inhalation q 4 degenerative
by patients on unusual or diabetes
hr; more heart disease.
hemodialysis bad taste in mellitus;
frequent • Use cautiously
mouth hyperthyroidism;
administration with diabetes
• GU: history of seizure
or larger mellitus (large IV
Increased disorders;
number of doses can
incidence of psychoneurotic
inhalations not aggravate
leiomyomas individuals;
recommended. diabetes and
of uterus lactation
o Prevention ketoacidosis);
when given in • Physical:
of exercise- hyperthyroidism;
higher than Weight; skin
induced history of seizure
human doses color, T, turgor;
bronchospas disorders;
in preclinical orientation,
m: 2 psychoneurotic
studies reflexes, affect;
inhalations individuals; labor
• Respiratory: P, BP; R,
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15 min prior Respiratory and delivery adventitious
to exercise. difficulties, (oral use has sounds; blood
pulmonary delayed second and urine
Solution for inhalation edema, stage of labor; glucose, serum
coughing, parenteral use of electrolytes,
bronchospas beta2-adrenergic thyroid function
• 2.5 mg tid to
m, agonists can tests, ECG
qid by
paradoxical accelerate fetal
nebulization.
airway heart beat and Interventions
resistance cause
Inhalation capsules with hypoglycemia,
• Use minimal
repeated, hypokalemia,
doses for
• One 200 mcg excessive pulmonary
minimal periods;
capsule q 4–6 use of edema in the
drug tolerance
hr up to two inhalation mother and
can occur with
200 mcg preparations hypoglycemia in
prolonged use.
capsules q 4–6 the neonate);
lactation; the • Maintain a beta-
hr.
elderly (more adrenergic
o Preven
sensitive to CNS blocker
tion of
effects). (cardioselective
exercise-
beta-blocker,
induced
such as atenolol,
asthma:
should be used
One 200
with respiratory
mcg
distress) on
capsule
standby in case
inhaled 15
cardiac
min before
arrhythmias
exercise.
occur.
• Prepare solution
PEDIATRIC PATIENTS for inhalation by
diluting 0.5 mL
0.5% solution
Oral, tablets with 2.5 mL
normal saline;
• 6–12 yr: 2 mg deliver over 5–
tid–qid. Do not 15 min by
exceed 24 nebulization.
mg/day. • Do not exceed
• > 12 yr: Use recommended
adult dosage. dosage;
administer
Oral, syrup pressurized
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inhalation drug
• < 2 yr: Safety forms during
and efficacy not second half of
established. inspiration,
• 2–6 yr: Initially because the
0.1 mg/kg tid, airways are open
not to exceed 2 wider and the
mg (1 tsp) tid; if aerosol
necessary, distribution is
cautiously more extensive.
increase
stepwise to 0.2 Teaching points
mg/kg tid. Do
not exceed 4 • Do not exceed
mg (2 tsp) tid. recommended
• 6–14 yr: 2 mg dosage; adverse
(1 tsp) tid–qid; effects or loss of
if necessary, effectiveness
cautiously may result. Read
increase the instructions
dosage. Do not that come with
exceed 24 respiratory
mg/day in inhalant.
divided doses. • You may
• 14 yr: Use adult experience these
dosage. side effects:
Dizziness,
Inhalation drowsiness,
fatigue,
headache (use
• 2–12 yr: For
caution if driving
child 10–15 kg,
or performing
use 1.25 mg;
tasks that
for child > 15
require
kg, use 2.5 mg.
alertness);
• 12 yr: Use adult
nausea,
dosage.
vomiting, change
in taste (eat
Solution for inhalation frequent small
meals); rapid
• 10–15 kg: 1.25 heart rate,
mg bid or tid by anxiety,
nebulization. sweating,
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• 15 kg: 2.5 mg flushing,
bid or tid by insomnia.
nebulization. • Report chest
pain, dizziness,
Inhalation capsules insomnia,
weakness,
tremors or
• > 4 yr: One 200
irregular heart
mcg capsule
beat, difficulty
inhaled q 4–6
breathing,
hr.
productive
o Prevention
cough, failure to
of respond to usual
exercise- dosage.
induced
asthma:
One 200
mcg
capsule
inhaled 15
min before
exercise.

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