MIE12175-STS - FAMILY - APPLICATION - GUIDE Manual Completo AGOSTO 2014

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DATE: 15/05/2014 DOC.MIE12175 Rev 1.1.

STS FAMILY
APPLICATION GUIDE
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 2 of 305

REVISIONS SUMMARY VISA


N PAGE DATE
1.0.1 All 20/09/2013 Issued Meneghin

1.0.3 All 18/12/2013 Complete Revision Meneghin

1.0.4 258-267 03/01/2014 New STS PRO features Meneghin


References to TD 5000
1.0.6 04/02/2014 Meneghin
Minor corrections
Added:
1.1.1 15/05/2014 · No-Load Current test Meneghin
· Use of STCS option
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 3 of 305

SHORT FOREWORD..................................................................................... 10
1 SAFETY AT WORK ....................................................................................... 11
1.1 Introduction ......................................................................................... 11
1.2 PRIOR TO TESTING ......................................................................................... 12
1.3 SHORT-CUT PUSHBUTTONS .............................................................................. 13
1.4 THE KEYPAD................................................................................................. 14
1.5 SAFETY SYMBOLS .......................................................................................... 14
1.6 POWER-ON AND OFF...................................................................................... 15
1.7 RISKY SITUATIONS ......................................................................................... 17
1.8 HIGH VOLTAGE AND CURRENT TESTS .................................................................. 18
2 FILES MANAGEMENT AND COMMON SELECTIONS .......................... 19
2.1 MAIN WINDOW ........................................................................................... 20
2.1 SAVE HEADER .............................................................................................. 21
2.2 CREATE TEST PLAN ........................................................................................ 22
2.3 RUN TEST PLAN ............................................................................................ 24
2.4 SAVE TEST PLAN ........................................................................................... 25
2.4.1 Save test plan in the STS memory....................................................... 26
2.4.2 Save test plan in the USB memory ...................................................... 27
2.5 OPEN TEST PLAN ........................................................................................... 27
2.5.1 Open test plan from the STS memory ................................................. 28
2.5.2 Open test plan from the USB memory ................................................ 29
2.6 TEST WINDOWS COMMON SELECTIONS ............................................................... 30
2.6.1. Upper part of the window ................................................................. 30
2.6.2 Left side of the window ...................................................................... 32
2.6.3 Bottom side of the window ................................................................ 32
2.6.4 Test Evaluation .................................................................................. 33
2.7 SAVE RESULTS ............................................................................................ 34
2.7.1 Save Results in STS memory ............................................................... 35
2.7.2 Save result in the USB memory .......................................................... 36
2.8 OPEN RESULTS ............................................................................................. 36
2.8.1 Open result from STS memory............................................................ 37
2.8.2 Open result from USB memory ........................................................... 38
2.9 VIEW TEST RESULTS ....................................................................................... 39
2.10 DELETE TEST RESULTS ................................................................................... 39
2.11 TRANSFER TEST RESULTS TO PC....................................................................... 39
3 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS HEADERS ............................................... 40
3.1 CT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................... 42
3.2 CT NOMINALS ............................................................................................. 43
3.2.1 CT nominal values.............................................................................. 43
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 4 of 305

3.2.2 CT Taps settings................................................................................. 45


3.3 CT TOLERANCES .................................................................................... 46
3.4 TEST PROGRAMMING ..................................................................................... 48
4 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS TESTS EXECUTION .............................. 49
4.1 MANUAL MEASURE ....................................................................................... 49
4.1.1 Safety of the Manual measure ........................................................... 49
4.1.2 The CT Manual measure test window................................................. 50
4.1.3 Connection for Manual Measure ........................................................ 52
4.1.4 Test execution ................................................................................... 52
4.1.5 CT Manual measure: step by step example......................................... 54
4.2 CT RATIO POLARITY AND BURDEN (CURRENT METHOD) ......................................... 56
4.2.1 Safety of the CT Ratio Polarity and Burden test .................................. 56
4.2.2 The CT Ratio Polarity and Burden test window ................................... 56
4.2.3 CT connection for Ratio Polarity and Burden ...................................... 62
4.2.4 CT Ratio Polarity and Burden automatic test execution ...................... 63
4.2.5 CT Ratio Polarity and Burden manual test execution........................... 64
4.2.6 CT Ratio Polarity and Burden: step by step example ........................... 65
4.3 CT BURDEN SECONDARY SIDE .......................................................................... 67
4.3.1 Safety of the CT Burden Secondary Side test ....................................... 67
4.3.2 The CT Burden Secondary Side test window........................................ 68
4.3.3 CT connection for CT Burden Secondary Side test ............................... 71
4.3.4 CT Burden Secondary Side automatic test execution ........................... 72
4.3.5 CT Burden Secondary Side manual test execution ............................... 72
4.3.6 CT Burden Secondary Side: step by step example................................ 74
4.4 CT EXCITATION CURVE .................................................................................... 76
4.4.1 Safety of the CT Excitation curve test ................................................. 77
4.4.2 The CT Excitation Curve test window .................................................. 77
4.4.3 CT connection for Excitation Curve test .............................................. 82
4.4.4 CT Excitation Curve test execution...................................................... 82
4.4.4.1 Graph test ............................................................................................... 83
4.4.4.2 Table test ................................................................................................ 85
4.4.5 CT Excitation Curve test: step by step example ................................... 88
4.5 CT WINDING OR BURDEN RESISTANCE ............................................................... 90
4.5.1 Safety of the CT Winding or Burden resistance test............................. 90
4.5.2 The CT Winding or Burden resistance test window ............................. 91
4.5.3 CT connection for Winding or Burden Resistance test ......................... 94
4.5.4 CT Winding or Burden Resistance test execution ................................ 95
4.5.5 CT Winding or Burden Resistance: step by step example..................... 97
4.6 CT VOLTAGE WITHSTAND ................................................................................ 99
4.6.1 Safety of the voltage withstand test................................................... 99
4.6.2 The CT voltage withstand test window ............................................. 100
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 5 of 305

4.6.3 CT connection for Voltage Withstand test ........................................ 103


4.6.4 CT Voltage Withstand automatic test execution ............................... 103
4.6.5 CT Voltage Withstand manual test execution ................................... 105
4.6.5 CT voltage withstand: step by step example ..................................... 106
4.7 CT POLARITY CHECK .................................................................................... 108
4.7.1 Safety of the CT Polarity Check test .................................................. 108
4.7.2 The CT Polarity check window .......................................................... 108
4.7.3 CT connection for the Polarity Check test ......................................... 110
4.7.4 PLCK Polarity Checker option ........................................................... 111
4.7.5 CT Polarity Check test execution....................................................... 111
4.7.6 CT Polarity Check test: step by step example .................................... 112
4.8 CT RATIO AND POLARITY VOLTAGE MODE ......................................................... 114
4.8.1 Safety of the CT Ratio and Polarity Voltage mode test ...................... 114
4.8.2 The CT Ratio Polarity Voltage mode test window ............................. 114
4.8.3 CT connection for Ratio and Polarity Voltage mode .......................... 118
4.8.4 CT Ratio and Polarity Voltage mode automatic test execution .......... 119
4.8.5 CT Ratio Polarity Voltage mode manual test execution ..................... 119
4.8.6 CT Ratio Polarity Voltage mode: step by step example ..................... 121
4.9 CT ROGOWSKI (RATIO)................................................................................. 123
4.9.1 Safety of the CT Rogowski test ......................................................... 124
4.2.2 The CT Rogowski test window .......................................................... 124
4.9.3 CT connection for Rogowski test ...................................................... 127
4.9.4 CT Rogowski automatic test execution ............................................. 127
4.9.5 CT Rogowski manual test execution ................................................. 128
4.9.6 CT Rogowski: step by step example .................................................. 129
4.10 CT LOW POWER (RATIO) ............................................................................. 131
4.10.1 Safety of the CT Low power test ..................................................... 131
4.10.2 The CT Low power test window ...................................................... 132
4.10.3 CT connection for Low power test .................................................. 135
4.10.4 CT Low power automatic test execution ......................................... 136
4.10.5 CT Low power manual test execution ............................................. 136
4.10.6 CT Low power: step by step example .............................................. 138
5 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS HEADERS ............................................. 140
5.1 VT DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................ 142
5.2 VT NOMINAL VALUES. .................................................................................. 143
5.3 VT TOLERANCES. ........................................................................................ 144
6 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS TESTS EXECUTION............................. 146
6.1 MANUAL MEASURE ..................................................................................... 146
6.2 VT RATIO ................................................................................................. 147
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 6 of 305

6.2.1 Safety of the VT Ratio test ............................................................... 147


6.2.2 The VT Ratio test window ................................................................ 148
6.2.3 Connection for the VT Ratio test....................................................... 151
6.2.4 VT Ratio automatic test execution ................................................... 152
6.2.4 VT Ratio manual test execution........................................................ 153
6.2.6 VT Ratio: step by step example ........................................................ 154
6.3 VT RATIO, ELECTRONIC ................................................................................ 156
6.3.1 Safety of the VT Ratio electronic test................................................ 156
6.3.2 The VT Ratio electronic test window................................................. 156
6.3.3 Connection for the VT Ratio electronic test....................................... 160
6.3.4 Electronic VT ratio automatic test execution .................................... 161
6.3.5 Electronic VT ratio manual test execution ........................................ 162
6.3.6 Electronic VT Ratio test: step by step example .................................. 163
6.4 VT BURDEN IMPEDANCE ............................................................................... 165
6.4.1 Safety of the VT Burden test............................................................. 165
6.4.2 The VT Burden test window ............................................................. 166
6.4.3 VT connection for Burden test .......................................................... 168
6.4.4 VT Burden automatic test execution................................................. 169
6.4.5 VT Burden manual test execution..................................................... 170
6.4.6 VT Burden resistance: step by step example ..................................... 171
6.5 VT VOLTAGE WITHSTAND ............................................................................. 173
6.5.1 Safety of the VT Voltage Withstand test........................................... 173
6.5.2 The VT voltage withstand test window............................................. 174
6.5.3 VT connection for Voltage Withstand test ........................................ 177
6.5.4 VT Voltage Withstand automatic test execution ............................... 178
6.5.5 VT Voltage Withstand manual test execution ................................... 179
6.5.6 VT voltage withstand: step by step example..................................... 180
6.6 VT POLARITY CHECK TEST ............................................................................. 182
6.6.1 Safety of the VT Polarity Check test .................................................. 182
6.6.2 The VT Polarity Check test window................................................... 182
6.6.3 VT connection for Polarity Check test ............................................... 184
6.6.4 VT Polarity Check test execution ...................................................... 185
6.6.5 VT Polarity Check test: step by step example .................................... 186
7 POWER TRANSFORMERS HEADERS ................................................. 188
7.1 PT DESCRIPTION......................................................................................... 190
7.2 PT NOMINAL VALUES. .................................................................................. 191
7.2.1 Windings ......................................................................................... 191
7.2.1.1 Phases and windings number................................................................. 191
7.2.1.2 Nominal Power, Rated Voltages and Vector Group ................................. 192
7.2.1.3 PT tangent δ.......................................................................................... 192
7.2.1.4 PT leakage reactance ............................................................................. 193
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 7 of 305

7.2.2 Bushings.......................................................................................... 194


7.2.3 OLTC ............................................................................................... 195
7.2.4 DETC ............................................................................................... 197
7.2.5 Oil ................................................................................................... 198
7.3 PT TOLERANCES. ......................................................................................... 199
8 POWER TRANSFORMERS TESTS EXECUTION................................. 200
8.1 MANUAL MEASURE ..................................................................................... 200
8.2 PT RATIO .................................................................................................. 201
8.2.1 Safety of the PT Ratio test................................................................ 201
8.2.2 The PT Ratio test window................................................................. 202
8.2.3 PT connection for Ratio test (manual mode)..................................... 204
8.2.4 PT Ratio test execution (manual mode) ............................................ 205
8.2.5 PT Ratio: step by step example (manual mode) ................................ 206
8.2.6 PT connection for Ratio test with STCS option .................................. 208
8.2.7 The PT Ratio test window with STCS option ...................................... 209
8.3 PT WINDING RESISTANCE .............................................................................. 211
8.3.1 Safety of the PT winding resistance test ........................................... 211
8.3.2 PT winding resistance test window................................................... 212
8.3.3 PT winding resistance test connection .............................................. 215
8.3.4 PT Winding Resistance test execution .............................................. 216
8.3.5 PT Winding Resistance: step by step example................................... 218
8.4 WINDING RESISTANCE – AUTO ....................................................................... 220
8.4.1 Safety of the PT Winding Resistance - Auto test................................ 220
8.4.2 PT Winding Resistance - Auto test window ....................................... 220
8.4.3 PT Winding Resistance - Auto connection ......................................... 223
8.4.4 PT Winding Resistance - Auto connection with STCS BOOSTER 20A DC
................................................................................................................ 224
8.4.5 PT Winding Resistance test execution .............................................. 225
8.5 PT VOLTAGE WITHSTAND .............................................................................. 227
8.5.1 Safety of the voltage withstand test................................................. 227
8.5.2 The PT voltage withstand test window ............................................. 228
8.5.3 PT connection for the voltage withstand test.................................... 230
8.5.4 PT Voltage Withstand automatic test execution ............................... 230
8.5.5 PT Voltage Withstand manual test execution ................................... 232
8.5.6 PT voltage withstand: step by step example ..................................... 233
8.6 PT SHORT-CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE....................................................................... 235
8.6.1 Safety of the PT short circuit impedance test .................................... 235
8.6.2 The PT short circuit impedance test window..................................... 236
8.6.3 PT short circuit impedance test connection ...................................... 242
8.6.4 PT short circuit impedance test execution ........................................ 244
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 8 of 305

8.6.5 PT Short Circuit Impedance test: step by step example ..................... 246
8.7 PT NO-LOAD CURRENT ................................................................................ 248
8.7.1 Safety of No-Load Current test ......................................................... 248
8.7.2 The PT No-Load Current test window ............................................... 248
8.7.3 PT short circuit impedance test connection ...................................... 250
8.7.4 PT No-Load Current test: step by step example................................. 251
9 CIRCUIT BREAKER HEADERS ......................................................................... 253
10 CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTS EXECUTION .......................................................... 256
10.1 MANUAL MEASURE ................................................................................... 256
10.2 RESISTANCE - µΩ ...................................................................................... 256
10.2.1 Safety of Resistance - µΩ test......................................................... 256
10.2.1 Resistance - µΩ test window .......................................................... 257
10.2.2 Connections for Resistance - µΩ test .............................................. 259
10.2.3 Resistance - µΩ automatic test execution ....................................... 261
10.2.4 Resistance - µΩ automatic manual execution ................................. 262
10.2.5 Resistance - µΩ : step by step example ........................................... 263
11 TEST SHORTCUTS........................................................................................ 265
11.1 CONTROL & MEASUREMENT ................................................................ 265
11.2 MICRO OHMMETER .................................................................................. 266
11.3 TANGENT DELTA & CAPACITANCE ................................................................ 266
12 SETTINGS.................................................................................................... 267
12.1 HARDWARE INFO ...................................................................................... 267
12.2 DIAGNOSTICS ........................................................................................... 268
12.3 SOFTWARE SETTINGS ................................................................................. 269
12.3.1 General ......................................................................................... 269
12.3.2 Network ........................................................................................ 270
12.3.3 Tandelta ........................................................................................ 270
12.3.4 Log ................................................................................................ 270
12.4 UPGRADE................................................................................................ 271
13 STS PRO SOFTWARE ........................................................................... 274
13.1 STS PRO INTRODUCTION............................................................................ 274
13.2 STS PRO USE: START-UP ............................................................................ 274
13.3 STS PRO: MENU BAR AND TOOLBAR ............................................................. 276
13.3.1 File ................................................................................................ 276
13.3.1.1 New .................................................................................................... 276
13.3.1.2 Open ................................................................................................... 278
13.3.1.3 Save .................................................................................................... 279
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 9 of 305

13.3.1.4 Print .................................................................................................... 279


13.3.2 Test Control ................................................................................... 281
13.3.3 Tools ............................................................................................. 282
13.3.4 Window......................................................................................... 284
13.3.5 Language ...................................................................................... 284
13.3.6 Help .............................................................................................. 284
APPENDIX 1..................................................................................................... 285
1 TRANSFORMER TURN RATIO: CONNECTIONS TABLE ................................................. 285
1.1 How to read Transformer Turn Ratio connection table ........................ 304

Disclaimer
Every effort has been made to make this material complete, accurate, and up-to-date. In
addition, changes are periodically added to the information herein; these changes will be
incorporated into new editions of the publication. ISA S.R.L reserves the right to make
improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this
document without notice, and shall not be responsible for any damages, including but not
limited to consequential damages, caused by reliance on the material presented,
including but not limited to typographical errors.

Copies, reprints or other reproductions of the content or of parts of this publication shall
only be permitted with our prior written consent.
All trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
©
Copyright 2012 ISA S.R.L. Italy – All rights reserved.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 10 of 305

SHORT FOREWORD
Dear STS family user,

I often wondered why user manuals are not very much used, even if they include
valuable information. As me too I am a user of such manuals, the answer I have
given myself is that valuable information are concealed somewhere in the thick
thing, and I do not have time to waste to find it. So, either the manual is actually
of help, or I ignore it.

This is why I decided to split the STS XXXX manual in three: the specification, with
all performance details, this application manual, with instructions about how to
use it once its operation is understood; the introductory guide, with the device
description and basic information. The idea is that you may read once the device
description, while you need application examples more than once; so, why not to
split the manual in three?

Have a good work with STS test sets!

Luca Biotti
Q&A Manager

NOTE: WINDOWS is a trademark of MICROSOFT inc.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 11 of 305

1 SAFETY AT WORK
1.1 Introduction

The Product STS XXXX hereafter described is a part of a family of products,


including: STS 5000, STS 4000, and STS 3000. There are some options which can
be connected to the Product, in particular, TD 5000, STCS and BUX 3000, which
are powered by STS XXXX via a connection called Booster cable. The following
notes apply to STS XXXX alone or together with its options.

STS XXXX is manufactured and tested according to the specifications, and


when used for normal applications and within the normal electrical and
mechanical limits, it will not cause hazard to health and safety, provided that all
standard engineering rules are observed, and that it is used by trained personnel
only.

The User should carefully read the instructions and the examples of this manual
prior to operate the test set.

This application manual is published by the Seller, to be used together with STS
XXXX, as described in the corresponding introductory manual. The Seller reserves
the right to modify the guide without warning, for any reason. This includes also,
but not only, the adoption of more advanced technological solutions and
modified manufacturing procedures, and also the addition of other features, not
available in the first release.

The Seller declines any difficulties arising from unknown technical problems. The
Seller declines also any responsibility in case of modification of STS XXXX, or of
any intervention not authorized by the Seller in writing.

The warranty includes the repair time and the materials necessary to restore the
complete efficiency of STS XXXX; so, it does not include other burdens, such as
the transport and customs fee. Under no circumstances the warrantee includes
any cost that the User may have suffered because of STS XXXX unavailability and
downtime.

STS XXXX is CE marked, and has been tested to operate according to EN 61010-1,
with the following operating conditions:
. Pollution degree 2: normally, non-conductive pollution occurs;
. Measurement category 2, for measurement inputs;
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 12 of 305

. Altitude: less than 2000 m;


. Operating temperature: - 10 to 55 °C; storage: -20 °C to 70 °C;
. Relative humidity: 5 to 95 %, without condensing;
. Inputs/outputs protection: IP 2X: IEC 60529, for all but high voltage outputs;
IP4X for high voltage outputs;
. The test set is portable, using the handles.
Would STS XXXX be used beyond these limits, the safety of the test set could be
impaired, and the Seller would be liable for any occurring problem.

STS XXXX has been tested to match the EMI/RFI standards, as requested by the
European Directive 2004/108/EC; Applicable Standard : EN61326 : 2006.
However, the User should not carry a pacemaker.

1.2 PRIOR TO TESTING


STS XXXX generates voltages and currents that may be lethal to the
unadvertised user.

ATTENTION DON’T TOUCH the terminals for any reason, while the test is
in progress.
The problem with HV is clear, but also current outputs are dangerous! If
you touch both terminals with a metal object, such as a ring or bracelet,
because of the high current, it would heat up or even melt very quickly,
causing a severe injury!

In order to avoid any danger in case of fault inside STS XXXX, the device under test
should have the following characteristics:
. Connection cables must be those provided with the test set;
. Connection points must be isolated and not accessible;
. Input circuits must have an isolation degree at least equal to the one of the
product.

. The test area should be clean of loose metal items.


. When performing HV tests, we recommend isolating the area, so
that nobody could accidentally touch the test item. For added safety,
we suggest to use the optional warning strobe light: it will keep on
flashing until the test is over. Anyway, the test set can be
programmed to generate a buzz.

. When performing HV test, an additional precaution is to drive the


START/STOP using the optional remote safety switch: with its 20 m
long cable, you can stay apart from STS XXXX and from the test item.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 13 of 305

. The use of isolation gloves is highly recommended.


. Prior to connect, make sure that there is no voltage on the terminals you are
about to use.
. All connections to the mains of the test target should be removed.
. Perform all connections to the test item before powering-on the test set.
. At the end of tests, power-off and then disconnect the test set.
ATTENTION: NEVER connect or disconnect the test target while STS XXXX is
powered-on! In case of doubt, press the EMERGENCY button!

Further safety instructions are provided in the manual, for each test to be
performed. Before operating, read them carefully!

1.3 SHORT-CUT PUSHBUTTONS


To the left and to the right of the display are located 10 pushbuttons. The five to
the left are dedicated to the following functions; those to the right change their
function, as explained in the operation windows.

In the following are shown the short-cut pushbuttons located to the left.
· Help. Pressing it, the screen displays the information related to the
test you are performing.
· Open file. This button allows you to access the list of saved test
results: it can be located in the internal memory or on the USB key. The
operation is explained in the following.
· Save file. This button allows you to save the test result. Pressing it,
you access the list of saved test results: it can be located in the internal
memory or on the USB key. The operation is explained in the following.
· Increment and decrement buttons. When you have to input a
value, you have to select the field, and then:
o Key in the desired value, via the keypad;
o Increment or decrement the value, pressing the above
pushbuttons;
o Rotate the knob clockwise (increment) or anti-clockwise
(decrement);
o Press the keyboard up key to increment, and the keyboard
down key to decrement.
The amount of the increment or decrement is: ten units, for the plus
and minus keys; one unit, for the knob, and one tenth, for the up –
down arrows.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 14 of 305

1.4 THE KEYPAD


The front panel keypad is the following one.

The operation is as follows.


· The twelve buttons to the right behave as a portable phone. When you
are in a text context, if you press a button, for instance abc1, you get, in
order: A, B, C, a, b, c, 1. If the context is numeric (for instance, test
values), pressing the key you get the digit.
· ENTER confirms what you have edited.
· DEL.
o If the field is numeric, it deletes the first digit to the left. You
cannot select the digit you want to delete: as you touch the
wheel, the digit changes.
o If the field is alphabetic, you can use the knob to reach for the
letter to be deleted: the deleted letter is the one to the left with
respect to the cursor; if the cursor is completely to the left, DEL
deletes the letter to the right.
· As explained above the arrows, when the context is numeric, increment
or decrement the value; if you are in a selection page, they allow you to
move around.

1.5 SAFETY SYMBOLS


The following symbols, located on the test set, are used to alert the operator
about dangerous points.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 15 of 305

- The symbol is related to dangerous input or outputs, and is located close


to the following points:
- By the side of the START / STOP push-button;
- By the side of the lights telling which one is the active output;
- By the side of the AC voltage output sockets (up to 140 V);
- On the connectors panel, by the side of the high DC and AC current sockets, of
the mains supply re-trigger fuses, of the HV connectors and of the Booster
connector;
- On the TD 5000 connectors panel, by the side of the voltage input sockets, of the
HV connector, and of the voltage Booster connector.

. The symbol is related to the HV generation, up to 2000 V. It is located


by the side of the safety key which enables HV tests. It turns on during HV
operation.

. Also this symbol is related to HV generation, or to HV danger.


- One of them is located by the side of the lights telling which one is the active
output: it turns on during HV tests.
- The second one is located by the side of the DC current sockets. When the light
is ON, this means that there is voltage applied: see the winding resistance tests.
- On the connector’s panel, the symbol is located by the side of the HV
connectors;
- On the TD 5000 connectors’ panel, the symbol is located by the side of the HV
connector.

. The symbol is located on the connector’s panel, close to the green-


yellow socket, and also on the TD 5000 connector’s panel.

1.6 POWER-ON AND OFF


If you are to operate the TD 5000 booster, before power-on, connect STS XXXX to
TD 5000 by means of the booster cable, which carries all the power to TD 5000,
and also the Ext. devices connectors. As you power-on STS XXXX, also TD 5000 is
powered-on.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 16 of 305

If you are to operate the BUX 3000 booster, connect the booster cable before
power-on. For other connections, see the BUX 3000 paragraph.

The STCS external module is powered by STS XXXX, via the Ext. devices cable. As
you power-on STS XXXX, also STCS is powered-on.

In the mains supply cable there is also the ground connection. For an increased
safety, connect the ground connection cable to the yellow/green socket.

As soon as the test set is connected to the mains, the power supply
goes to a stand-by mode, a diagnostic runs, and, in a couple of
seconds, the test set can be powered-on. The two LED’s by the side of
the ON/OFF button are OFF.

Perform all test set connections before powering it on. Once connections are
performed, it is possible to power-on STS XXXX. Pressing the ON/OFF button
powers-on the test set; pressing it again, the test set is turned off.

NOTE. At power-on, no USB key should be inserted; else, the Operating System
program would look for instructions on the key, and the test set would not start.

After power-on, the test set will perform first a self-diagnostic sequence, during
which all LED’s on the front panel should turn on (please, check). Then, the
messages: Service check-up, Hardware check-up, and Starting up are displayed on
the screen. In few seconds, the main menu is displayed, with all the icons which
allow selecting the desired test.

At the end of all tests, power-off STS XXXX: the display disappears; tests are over.
You may leave the test set connected to the mains; however, just in case, it is
better to disconnect it.

NOTE. The power supply and power generator of the test set is protected against
external or internal problems. When it enters in protection, it latches this mode,
and does not operate any more.
The mode is alerted to the operator with alarm messages such as “No response
from the Variac”.

Even the power-off and on of the test set does not re-set the situation, because
the module is always powered. When the situation is recognized, the only way
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out is to remove the power supply plug during 30 s. After this period, connect
again, power-on and generate: if the problem was a transient one, the test set will
operate normally.

1.7 RISKY SITUATIONS


The following table lists a number of situations that are potentially hazardous to
the user and/or to the test set. Please consider this list, and check the situation in
case of doubt.

SITUATION CAUSE OF RISK CONTROL

Feeding the In this situation very high currents The device must
transformer during or voltages could be applied to the be OUT OF
the test test set, that could be severely SERVICE!
damaged; also the operator would
be exposed to a high risk
Disconnecting the A very high voltage can be Limit the access to
transformer during generated by the inductance of the the test area.
the test transformer under test.

Filtered mains Using an inverter, the AC voltage Use true sinusoidal


can be a squared waveform rather waveform
than sinusoidal; the test set inverters only.
operates at the minimum supply
level, with low efficiency.
Connection to a live The connection can be dangerous to Test before
wire the user, to the test set and even connecting
the plant.

Of these points, the first two are very hazardous, both for the user and the test
set. THESE TYPES OF FAULT ARE NOT COVERED BY THE WARRANTY.

The first hazard is very clear: while STS XXXX is connected to the transformer to
be tested, there must be no connection of the transformer itself to a voltage or
current source. STS XXXX outputs are protected against transient spikes, but not
against such a situation.

Also the second hazard can be very dangerous: especially in DC current tests,
because of the large winding inductance, the cumulated energy causes high
voltage spikes when it is sharply interrupted.
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In case of doubt, please contact your Seller. The Seller, and Manufacturer,
declines any and all responsibility due to improper usage, or any usage outside
the specified limits.

1.8 HIGH VOLTAGE AND CURRENT TESTS


High voltage tests are always risky, because of the high voltage involved. This is
why, when we perform high voltage tests in manual mode, you have to keep the
START button pressed; if you release the button, the high voltage is immediately
removed. This is a safety precaution.

The same precaution exists when you perform high current manual tests: you
must keep the START button pressed.

For automatic tests, as they may last some time, keeping the START button
pressed would not be practical; so, they are performed normally. For this reason,
we suggest to perform first a manual test, and then to go to the automatic mode.
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2 FILES MANAGEMENT AND COMMON


SELECTIONS

IN THIS SECTION ALL PICTURES AND PROCEDURES


REFER TO THE CTs TESTS; THESE DESCRIPTIONS
ARE VALID FOR VTs, PTs AND CBs TOO.

The STS XXXX firmware allows to prepare and save three different types of data
structure: Header, Test Plan and Result. The hierarchy is the following:

HEADER

TEST PLAN

RESULT

When a Result file is saved, it contains all the tests sequence (Test Plan) and the
corresponding tests Header. If there is not the possibility to execute real tests but
the user knows all Header data and the tests sequence to be performed, with STS
is possible to save a Test Plan file and execute it in another day. Since even
Header can be a complex structure, it can be saved as a separated file.

There is full compatibility for all files prepared with any device of the STS XXXX
family; if a Test Plan contains a not executable test, a warning message will
appear on the screen.
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2.1 MAIN WINDOW

The various icons allow opening the list of tests available for each device. Move
the wheel to reach the test you want to perform, and press it to enter the device;
then, proceed with the test set-up data.

Some parts of the test set-up are common to all tests. Here we explain these
parts, while we describe the specific parts separately for each test.
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2.1 SAVE HEADER


The first time you enter in a test section, or pressing ,
the following window appears:

Once all field you need are completed, press the save button located to the
left of the screen, the following window will appear:
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Is possible to save the Header file in STS’s memory or in a USB flash drive.
Pressing the open button located to the left of the screen, is possible to open
a saved header file.

2.2 CREATE TEST PLAN


For the tests of: CTs, VTs, PTs and CBs, the normal testing procedure is to create a
test plan, which collects all tests you want to perform, and can be run with a
single command.
Before to start any test, headers must be defined (see sections 3,5 and 7); the first
time you enter in a test section, header window appears. Once the Description,
Nominal and Tolerances windows have been edited, you can proceed pressing the

“Test” shortcut. The following window refers to CT tests: for VT and PT, tests
are different, but the test plan creation procedure is the same.

To the left, you have the list of the tests you can perform on the CT (or VT, PT,
CB).

In the middle, you have the summary of tests to be performed, with the
indications of: test type, Tap no., Executed, and Pass/Fail only: test values are
available in the test window.
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To the right, you have up to six different shortcuts:

· Add to Test Plan. Highlight a test type and press this shortcut: the
test of all defined taps is added to the test list. Another way to include a
test in the test plan is highlight a test type and press the knob; through

the dedicated combo-box decide which tap you want to

include and press “Add tap to Test Plan” . You can program all tests
you want to perform, without actually performing them; this helps you
avoiding to forget tests. The test values programming is performed
entering the test windows, which are described in the followings. As you
program, for CT tests, the window will show you the following.

NOTE: every time you perform a test and you get some results, this test
will be automatically included in the test plan. For example, if you never
press any of “Add to Test Plan”, “Add Tap to Test Plan” or “Add Test to
Test Plan” and you perform a CT Ratio test on tap 2 and 3, you will find
these two tests included in the “Test Plan / Results” table.

· Run Test Plan. See section 2.2.


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· Delete Step. Highlight a test in the table and press this button in
order to remove the highlighted test from the test plan.

· Open test plan. See section 2.4.

· Save Test Plan. See section 2.3.

· Exit CTs. Back to main screen.

In the example, we have programmed all possible tests; note that for “Ratio
Polarity and Burden” only tap number 2 and 4 are included in the test plan.

2.3 RUN TEST PLAN

Once Test Plan creation is finished, you can press the button “Run test
plan”: the program runs the test plan from the highlighted test in the table, with
the first tap (if any). Perform the connections for the test, then press the
START/STOP pushbutton on the test set: the first test will actually be executed.

Before test execution, fields Exe and Pass/Fail are empty; when tests are finished,
Exe will be filled, and Pass/Fail will turn green if all results are within the specs;
else, it will turn yellow or red.

The window will displays test results. You can review them, give your assessment,
change the tap or the test and perform the connections for the next tap or test;
then, press START again.

You will continue this way until the last test is finished.

See section 2.5.1 for more details.


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2.4 SAVE TEST PLAN

As you press the button “Save test Plan”, the following window is opened.
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The first line allows selecting where to save the plan: in the STS memory, or in the
USB key.

To the right, you can edit the name of your test plan.

2.4.1 Save test plan in the STS memory


In order to save a Test Plan file, it’s enough edit the file’s name and press “Save
New File”. The program confirms the file saving.

Test plans are stored in a fixed structure based on header data, the user cannot
change it. All test plan files are grouped with the following priority: Substation,
Bay, Serial Number, Test date. For instance, if you save many files with just two
different substation names, you’ll see something like in the following picture.

To see test plan files contained in a specific directory, each structure node must
be highlighted and press the knob in order to expand it.
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2.4.2 Save test plan in the USB memory


As you select the USB memory, the display shows you USB disk. If you select and

click, you can reach for the desired directory. As you are there, press
button: the same message as above confirms you that the file was actually saved.

2.5 OPEN TEST PLAN

As you press the button , the following window is opened.


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The first line allows selecting from where you can open the Test Plan: STS
memory, or USB key.

2.5.1 Open test plan from the STS memory


With this selection, the program proposes you the available directories. For
instance, we have two substations. You have to enter it, and click until you reach
the list of saved files.
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Select the desired file, then press the “Load file” button: the program confirms
the operation.

Note that here you can delete a file, pressing the button “Delete the selected
file”.

2.5.2 Open test plan from the USB memory


As you select the USB memory, the display shows you USB disk. If you select and
press the knob, you can reach the desired directory: the file you have saved is
displayed. As you are there, press the “Load file” button: the same message as
above confirms you that the file was actually loaded.

Note that here you can delete a file, pressing the button “Delete the selected
file”.
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2.6 TEST WINDOWS COMMON SELECTIONS


Test windows change with the type of test, as the test parameters also change.
However, some parts of them are the same; so, instead of repeating their
meanings for all tests, we are summarizing them here.

2.6.1. Upper part of the window


See picture below:

The first line tells what kind of test you are performing (in the example, Ratio
Polarity and burden Current Method).

The second line allows selecting the tap number of the object under test. Clicking
on it, the color becomes red. Rotating the knob, the tap number is incremented or
decremented by one.

If the tap is NOT defined inside headers, it’s represented as . If

the tap is defined inside headers, it’s represented as .

When you select the tap number, also the corresponding nominal values are
selected: you can proceed with the test.

The icon tells you if the test has been performed, using the following color
coding:
o Gray: test not executed;
o Green: test executed.

The icon shows your assessment about test results, using the following
color coding:

o Gray : assessment not performed;

o Green : Test result is OK;


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o Yellow : not completely OK;

o Red: fail, out of tolerances.

To the right, once you have performed the test of the first tap, the selection
allows you changing to the next programmed tap. Of course, before proceeding
with next test, you have to change the secondary connection. NEVER change it
unless the test is stopped, and the primary current is taken to zero!

Once a Test Plan is ready to be executed, is possible to press the “Run Test Plan”

button. In this case the second line becomes as in the following picture:

Some new icons have been added; their function is the following.

· Go to the previous step of the Test plan . You can move one step
backwards.

· The text tells you where are you in


your test plan.

· Stop the execution of the test plan . Pressing it, you leave the test
plan execution; after confirmation

you come back to the Current Transformers tests page.


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· Go to the next step of the test plan . You can move one step
forwards.

2.6.2 Left side of the window


To the left, the window explains the meaning of the next horizontal parts; they
have different colors. These descriptions change with the test, but (almost) all of
them have the following selections.

· Nominal. In this line are input the nominal values for the test to be
executed. These data come from header it there is one.

· Test Values. This indication is telling the test set the value to be
generated; however, the test set will actually generate these values with
some amount of error. This is why, in the next (Measures) part of the
screen, some of the nominal values are repeated, with their actual
generation value. The test set result is computed taking into account
actual values.
After having input the nominal values, the test is ready to be performed.
See in the following the other instructions.

· Measured. Here the test set displays the actually generated values,
and the performed measurements.

· Results. Here are displayed the computed values (ratio, burden..),


derived from the measured values. Nominal values, measured values and
Results make the test result data.

2.6.3 Bottom side of the window


In the bottom there are the following fields.
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· To the left you find the messages the test


set provides to ease the understanding of the parameters, or to tell
which is the next operation. Read it before proceeding!

· Auto stays for the automatic execution of the test. Note


that not all tests have this check-box; if it’s not present, the test is
automatic.

· When Auto is checked, the applied parameters are ramped,


kept at their value and decreased in a way which is pre-defined by the
test set, and which ensures the best response of the test set and of the
target device. After test start, while the test set is generating, it is
possible to modify the test value, by rotating the knob, and to input the
new test value, pressing the knob. The keyboard is not available. The
generation will ends pressing STOP button (results will NOT be stored) or

function key (results will be stored).

· To the right, the shortcut is . Pressing the push-button you leave the
test page, and come back to the test selection window. As you press the
button, if you have performed tests, the test set automatically saves
them into its temporary memory.

2.6.4 Test Evaluation


When it’s possible, the assessment can be done automatically by STS or it can be
user defined; you can even manually change the assessment previously done by
STS.

Pressing the button , the following window appears:


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In the field “Evaluate Test” you find the automatic assessment, in the field “User
Notes” you can insert a note editing it with the keyboard. If you change the

automatic assessment, for example changing from to , a warning


message appears:

After confirmation, the assessment is changed.

2.7 SAVE RESULTS


Test results are saved using the button , located to the left of the screen. Once
the test is completed, press the button: the following window is displayed.
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The first line allows selecting where to save the plan: in the STS memory, or in the
USB key.
To the right, you can name your test plan.

2.7.1 Save Results in STS memory


In order to save a Results file, it’s enough edit the file’s name and press “Save
New File”. The program confirms the file saving.

Results files are stored in a fixed structure based on header data, the user cannot
change it. All results files are grouped with the following priority: Substation, Bay,
Serial Number, Test date. For instance, if you save many files with just two
different substation names, you’ll see something like in the following picture.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 36 of 305

2.7.2 Save result in the USB memory


As you select the USB memory, the display shows you USB disk. If you select and
click, you can reach for the desired directory. As you are there, press the “Save
new file” button: the same message as above confirms you that the file was
actually saved.

NOTE: the button , pressed when “Test Plan / Results” table is visible, will save
a file who contains all results of all tests included in the visible Test Plan. If the
button is pressed when a specific test window is opened, for example the
“Ratio, Polarity and Burden Current Method”, it will save a file who contains
results of this specific test type only.

2.8 OPEN RESULTS


Test Results can be opened using the button , located to the left of the screen.
The file open has to be performed after selecting the type of transformer.
As you press the button, the following window is opened.
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The first line allows selecting where to open the file: in the STS memory, or in the
USB key.

2.8.1 Open result from STS memory


With this selection, the program proposes you the available directories. For
instance, we have two substations. You have to enter it, and click until you reach
the list of saved files.
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Select the desired file, then press the “Load File” button: the program confirms
the operation.

Note that here you can delete a file, pressing the button “Delete the selected
File”.

2.8.2 Open result from USB memory


As you select the USB memory, the display shows you USB disk. If you select and
click, you can reach for the desired directory: the file you have saved is displayed.
As you are there, press the “Load File” button: the same message as above
confirms you that the file was actually loaded. Furthermore, you can delete a file
pressing the button “Delete the selected file”.
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2.9 VIEW TEST RESULTS


To view test results, after the test plan has finished or after loading a result, go to
the test plan summary, and select the test you want to view.

For instance, now the selection is on CT current ratio. As you press, the program
displays the corresponding test window, with all results.

2.10 DELETE TEST RESULTS


Test results are deleted by selecting them and pressing the “Delete selected File”

pushbutton. You can delete a set of tests of the test plan, or open a set of
tests, and delete a specific test, for instance of some tap.

2.11 TRANSFER TEST RESULTS TO PC


Test results are transferred to the PC via Ethernet cable or saving the files on a
USB flash drive. The operation of the STS PRO program, which is included in TDMS
suite, is explained in section 13.
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3 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS
HEADERS
The first time you enter in this test section, or pressing
, the following window appears:

The program starts asking: CT description, Nominal Values, Tolerances. These


values will be taken into account during the test, and will be part of the test
report. The selection is displayed on the first line.

If you rotate the knob, you can reach the various parameters. As you are there,
pressing the knob you enter the field, which is highlighted in red, and you can
modify it.

In alternative, you can use the shortcut buttons located to the right of the screen.
The operation of these buttons is described on the right side of the screen: the
description changes according to the context. For instance, in this moment you
have the following shortcuts available:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 41 of 305

· Modify. Select a specific field, press this button in order to modify


it.

· Set as default header. The current header is saved in a read-only


memory sector; the operation is confirmed with the message:

· Reload Default Header. The default header, if any, is recalled and


displayed.

· Test. You proceed with tests selection.

When you enter a field to edit it, shortcuts change as follows.


Options are the followings:

· Clear text. The present text is cleared;

· Discard change. You can discard your changes, this restores the
former text.
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3.1 CT DESCRIPTION

In this window you can input the references for the CT location and installation.
Don’t forget fields such as Manufacturer and serial number, as they will be used
to recover test results in the TDMS software data base.
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3.2 CT NOMINALS
Pressing Nominals, the following window is displayed.

The window is divided in two: Nominal values and Taps settings.

3.2.1 CT nominal values


In this part it is possible to input the settings which will be used by the program to
execute the selected test.

Parameters are:
· Secondary current, “I secondary”, in A.
· Reference “Standard”, IEC or ANSI.
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NOTE. For this parameter we have three choices: ANSI-IEEE 1 (no gap¸ see
std. C.57.13.1, paragraph 9); ANSI-IEEE 2 (gap; same standard) or IEC
60044-1, as they have the following definitions of the knee point.
. ANSI 1: In a log-log diagram, the knee point is the one where the curve
has a tangent at 45°. This refers to gapless CT’s.
. ANSI 2: In a log-log diagram, the knee point is the one where the curve
has a tangent at 30°. This refers to gapped CT’s.
. IEC: the knee is the point of the curve where a 10% increase of the
voltage causes a 50% increase of the current.
· “Measuring” or “Protection”. The selection refers to the application of
CT: for measurements or for protections. The accuracy class of a
measuring CT is better than the one of the Protection CT.
· Accuracy “Class”: depending on the selected standard and the selected
application (Measuring or Protection), it represents the maximum error
under overload.
NOTE. There are very many differences between the two CT types,
measuring or protection: see IEC standard 60044-1.
· CTs “VA rating” (at the nominal current), in VA.
· Accuracy Limiting Factor, “ALF” : the CT does not have to saturate for
overloads up to ALF times the nominal current. For measuring CTs, this
parameter is called ISF (Instrument Safety Factor).
· “Power factor”: it is the minimum acceptable power factor of the
burden.
· “C1 (HV-capacitive tap)”. We refer to the nominal values of the
capacitance “Cn” and of the tan(δ), “Tδn”, measured between the input
and the measurement tap.
· “C2 (Capacitive tap - ground)”. We refer to the nominal values of the
capacitance “Cn” and of the tan(δ), “Tδn”, measured between the
measurement tap and the ground.
For the last parameters, see the following schematic.

· H = high voltage terminal.


· Test tap = test terminal.
· G = Ground.
· C1 (HV – Capacitive tap): parasitic capacitance between High voltage and
the Test Tap.
· C2 (Capacitive tap-Ground): parasitic capacitance between the Test Tap
and Ground.
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For more details, please refer to MIE13175_TD5000 APPLICATION GUIDE.

3.2.2 CT Taps settings


In this table must be indicated all taps characteristics:
· Name: input the tap name as indicated in the schemes
· I prim(A): nominal primary current value
· Nom Ik (A): nominal knee point current
· Nom Vk (V): nominal knee point voltage

You can select this line, and press the knob: the following window is displayed.
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Here you can input all taps settings.

When any row of Taps Settings table is highlighted, the shortcut icons to the right
show two more selections.

· Add Tap. Pressing it, a new line is added to the list. Pressing the
knob, you see the parameters of the new tap. From the second line on,
you should compute the nominal Ik, which is the current at the knee
point, and the knee voltage Vk.

· Delete tap: you can remove the selected tap from the list.

3.3 CT TOLERANCES
Pressing Tolerances, the following window is displayed.

In this window it is possible to program the tolerances of all parameters relevant


to CT testing. Once tolerances are programmed, in the Test window, the program
computes the test result percentage error. The test assessment will be Pass if the
computed error is less than the tolerance.
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If you check All tolerances , then all tolerances will be


selected. If you don’t check all tolerances, you can enter the tolerance of the
parameters you want to test.

Parameters are the followings.


· “Ratio”: it is the Primary to Secondary ratio.
· “Polarity”, in degrees. Purpose of the test is to verify that the phase is
not reversed: it is OK if the measured angle is within the specified limits.
An error of 15° is adequate.
· “Burden”, in VA. The measured burden is accepted if it is less than the CT
specified VA rating, as programmed in the Nominal values table.
NOTE: we refer to the actual burden, and we compare it to the
corresponding CT parameter: the measured burden must be less than
the limit accepted by the CT.
· “Burden (cos Φ)” that is, burden power factor. The measured cos Φ is
accepted if it is more than the CT specified PF rating, as programmed in
the Nominal values table.
NOTE: we refer to the actual PF or cos Φ, and we compare it to the
corresponding CT parameter: the measured burden must be more than
the limit accepted by the CT (that is, more resistive or less inductive).
· “Current clamp” error, in percentage. If the ratio measurement is
performed using a current clamp, it is necessary to input here the clamp
measurement error. NOTE: The program adds the clamp error to the
ratio error to decide whether the test result is within the tolerances.
· “Measured Vk”, knee voltage: it is accepted if it is more than the
computed knee voltage. NOTE: a value less than the nominal implies that
the CT cannot held the specified overload.
· “Ie @ nom Vk”; measured knee current: it is accepted if it is less than the
specified knee current.
· Measured “Resistance”: it is accepted if it is less than the specified value.
NOTE: while all other parameters have been input in the Nominal values
table, the resistance is specified in the test.
The following two parameters refer to tangent(delta) measurements.
· “Capacitance”: the tolerance refers to all capacitance measurements
(primary to secondary, primary to ground, secondary to ground).
· “Tangent delta (or Dissipation Factor)”. This is a Multiplication Factor;
the measured value must be within ±(Tδn ∙ Multiplication Factor).
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3.4 TEST PROGRAMMING


Once the Description, Nominal and Tolerances windows have been edited, you

can proceed pressing the “Test” shortcut. The following window is displayed.

To the left, you have the list of the tests you can perform on the CT.

Selections in the middle and to the right allow creating the test plan, as explained
in section 2.1.
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4 CURRENT TRANSFORMERS TESTS


EXECUTION
4.1 MANUAL MEASURE

Purpose of the selection is to allow generating any output and performing any
desired measurement, outside the schemes corresponding to a selected test.

With this window it is also possible to test a protection relay, measuring its
intervention delay, or, also to test the timing of a MV Circuit Breaker, and
measuring the time from when the current is generated to when the CB opens.

4.1.1 Safety of the Manual measure

In this test we can connect any output; so, the precautions change according to
the type of test. Remember the following:
· High current output. These connections are not dangerous; however,
take care of the high current.
· High voltage output. If we use the HV generator, remember that the
connection is very dangerous, as a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is
involved. HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off.
HV clamps shall have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive
surfaces, so to avoid discharges during operation. After connections, the
area around the HV clamps shall be isolated, so that no accidental
contact can occur. If something goes wrong for any reason, press the

EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS XXXX before getting close


to HV connections.
· For all tests, make sure that the test is finished, and that there is no
current or voltage!
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4.1.2 The CT Manual measure test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

· On the Settings line, you can select among the output generators.
Entering the window, you have available the following choices:
o AC 800A: high AC current;
o DC 400A: high DC current;
o AC 2kV, AC 1kV, AC 500V: high AC voltage;
o AC 70V, AC 140V: low level AC voltage;
o EXT 2kA: very high AC current (BU 2000 option)
o EXT 3kA: very high AC current (BUX 3000 option).

If you press the “Modify” button, you come back to the output selection.

As you see, in the list are missing the low-level AC currents, 3 A or 6 A. All
you have to do is to connect the current measurement in series to the
voltage output, and to measure it.

As soon as you have selected the output, the screen changes as follows.
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You can program the test frequency, and the output value. They can be
modified rotating the knob, or via keypad.

After the output selection, the LEDs on the front will turn on accordingly.
You are displayed:
o On the Active output, the outputs located on the side panel;
o The Low level voltage and current outputs, when selected;
o The measurement inputs which could be used during the test,
according to your selection in the Measurements line.

· On the Trigger line, you can select if you want to perform a time test; in
this case the digital input on the front panel is available. When you select
it, the window changes as follows.

New parameters are:


o Max time: it is the maximum test duration; after this time has
elapsed, the time is no more counted and the generation stops.
o Binary, two choices: the contact can be Normally Open or
Normal Close. With the Normally Open selection, the time is
measured as soon as the input closes (dry input) or as the
voltage exceeds the selected voltage threshold (wet input).
Note that, if you select “N.Open” and the contact is closed at
test start, the time measurement would be zero and the test
would be immediately stopped.
o Type of input, five choices: dry, or, if wet, 5 V; 24 V; 48 V; > 110
V. The threshold serves to avoid stopping on spikes.

On the Measurements line, you can prepare a table with the


measurements you want to perform during the test. On the first two
table measurement columns, you have the following choices:
o High voltage input: 300 V AC, 300 V DC;
o Very low voltage input: 3 V AC;
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o Current inputs: I AC, I DC;


o Low voltage input: 10 V AC, 10 V DC;

The next selections are referred to internal measurement of STS XXXX generators:

o OUT VAC: high AC voltage output;


o OUT IAC: high AC current output;
o OUT IAC 2kV: high AC voltage output’s current;
o OUT IAC EXT: very high AC current output (BUX 3000 or BU 2000
option);
o OUT IDC: high current output.

On the next table measurement selections you can select a


measurement which is related to what you selected on the first two
columns. The relation is the following one.

FIRST SECOND SELECTIONS


COLUMN COLUMN
AC V AC I Trigger;
Z, ϕ;
R, X
P, cos(ϕ)
Q, cos(ϕ);
S, ϕ
DC V DC I Trigger;
R;
P
AC V AC V Trigger;
AC I AC I RATIO:1
DC V DC V RATIO:5
DC I DC I
OTHERS OTHERS Trigger

4.1.3 Connection for Manual Measure


There is no specific schematic, just remember to observe the safety precautions.

4.1.4 Test execution


Having selected the measures to save, go to the test value adjustment and input
the first value. Then, press the START button: the output is generated, and on the
measures table you can read the values.
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NOTE: unlike the automatic tests, for High Voltage tests, you have to keep the
START button pressed: as soon as you release it, the generation is stopped.

If you want to interrupt the test, press STOP (or release the button, in HV tests), in
this case you don’t store any measurement. If you want to store the

measurement in the table, you must press the button “Keep Values” .
In case of any TRIGGER condition is selected, this button doesn’t appear because
the test is automatically stopped (and measures stored) when the trigger
condition is satisfied.

During the test execution, as with all other tests, a flashing arrow
reminds you that the test is in progress: don’t touch!

This is how the window looks like at the end of the test.
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4.1.5 CT Manual measure: step by step example


The following guide refers to the case when you want to measure the secondary
current sink at a given voltage, as a point of the saturation curve. Test parameter
is the high voltage (500 V range); measurement is the HV current; compute the
corresponding impedance.
Please refer to this scheme:

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Manual Measure.


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3. Test Parameters. In the example, the test is a point of the saturation curve: you
should program the output AC voltage, the output 2 kV AC current and the
computed impedance.

Output: AC
voltage, 500 V

Measure: Measure: Compute


AC voltage HV current Impedance

4. Input here the desired test voltage.

5. Test start. Press the button.


6. Read the HV current and the corresponding impedance and press “”Keep

Values” . If you want, modify the test voltage and press START again.
7. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with manual test results only.
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4.2 CT RATIO POLARITY AND BURDEN (CURRENT METHOD)

Purpose of the test is to measure the actual CT ratio, to verify its polarity, and to
measure the burden in terms of VA at the nominal current. This test is performed
applying current to the primary side, and measuring the secondary current (and
voltage for the burden test).

By burden we mean the series of all the wires and all the devices connected to the
CT secondary, as measured at the feet of the CT itself. The measurement is the
impedance of the burden: if you want to know the burden resistance, please
select the Winding or Burden Resistance test.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 model, or also on the other models,
provided that they are used togheter with BUX 3000 option. If you don’t have BUX
3000, on STS 4000 you may as well perform the ratio and polarity test selecting
Ratio and polarity voltage mode, which is not available with STS 3000. On STS
4000 you can perform also the Burden secondary side test: also this is not
available with STS 3000.

4.2.1 Safety of the CT Ratio Polarity and Burden test

In this test we connect the STS 5000 high current output (or the BUX 3000 high
current output) to the CT primary side, and the CT secondary side to the STS 5000
current meter. These connections are not dangerous; however, take care of the
high current.

When you change the tap connection, make sure that the test is finished, and that
there is no primary current! The secondary voltage of an open CT can be very
high, and dangerous for the operator!

4.2.2 The CT Ratio Polarity and Burden test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.
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The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· The primary and secondary current, in A, are the values corresponding to


the tap you have selected, as programmed in the CT heading. You may
change them; however, it is better to correct the nominal test table.
· CT ratio: it is computed by the program from the above parameters.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table,
and not these data.
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b) Test values

· Output range: is 800 A.


· Test current. As we are to perform a ratio test, it is not necessary at all to
use as test current the CT primary current, or the maximum current. In
fact, the ratio error depends upon the secondary current to be
measured. If you consider the case on the screen, testing at 200 A, the
nominal current, generates a secondary current of 2 A, which is easy to
measure. If the CT ratio was 2000 // 5, testing at 200 A would generate
0.5 A at the secondary, which is also accurately measured.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

It is possible to perform the test using a current clamp: this avoids opening
the CT secondary side, and reduces the chances of error. The decision
depends upon the additional measurement error caused by the clamp: the
total of current clamp error + test set error must be maximum 50% of the
difference between taps. Example:
o Test set maximum error: 0.2%;
o Current clamp error: 2%;
o Total error: 2.2%;
o Taps: 750 A, 800 A, 850 A primary side, versus 5 A;
o Taps difference, in percentage: 6%;
o Conclusion: it is possible to use the clamp.

To use the clamp, go to the following line.

Setting parameters are the followings.


· Current clamp: check it.
· Ratio: The current clamp to be used has to be of the type that converts
current into current or voltage. Input the primary current, and the
corresponding output current or voltage.
· Input: you can select the voltage input for the clamp output connection.
The test set has two AC voltage meters, with different ranges: 3 V or 300
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V. The default is 10 A. If the clamp converts from current to voltage, then


the secondary unit changes from A (or mA) to V (or mV).

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Primary current actually generated during the test;
· Corresponding secondary current. If you have used a current clamp, the
clamp secondary voltage is transformed into secondary current.
· The icon tells that you have connected the secondary current to
the test set. In some cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be,
you have the measurement available on another meter with just a
display: in this case, reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as

follows . This means that now the Secondary current field is


editable: at the end of test you can type the read value during the
generation.
· The phase shift between the secondary current and the primary current,
the primary current being the reference for the phase angle
measurement. The angle range is from 0° to 360°: a negative angle
(inductive burden) ranges from 270° to 360°.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Corrected I secondary. This is the value of the secondary current when
the primary one is exactly the nominal one. This is why this value differs
from the one in the Measured values. This value does not change very
much when changing the test current.
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· Polarity: it tells OK if the angle error is within the defined tolerance; else,
it tells Fail. If the polarity is wrong, verify that connections are correct!
· Ratio: it is the ratio of the primary and secondary currents, as displayed
in the measured values.
· Ratio % error. It is the above error, expressed in percent. The test set
ratio percentage errors are reported in the following table, as a function
of the ratio value.

RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

A ratio error beyond the maximum accuracy error shows an error; the
typical reason is the wrong connection to the tap. If not, the most
common problem is that the CT is overloaded. Last possibility: there is a
fault in the CT under test; typically, an internal short-circuit.

e) Burden test

The burden is tested leaving the secondary current to flow into the circuitry, and
measuring the voltage drop across the CT secondary connections.

On the Burden line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Measure burden: check it to perform the test.
· Secondary voltage: it is the voltage measured across the burden.
· The phase angle, in degrees, of the measured voltage with respect to the
secondary current, having the current as the phase reference. Usually
this angle will be negative, because the burden is inductive;
· The burden, in VA, at the nominal current IN. The secondary current
generated during the test is usually less than the nominal secondary
current; the VA measurement at the test current would be useless. So,
the program computes the ratio of test voltage and test current (the
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burden impedance), and multiplies it by the square of the nominal


current. You will note that this measurement will not change very much
with the test current, and this is because the burden is fixed.
· The corresponding power factor.

f) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


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4.2.3 CT connection for Ratio Polarity and Burden


The connection diagram is the following.

BURDEN

In the schematic, the CT secondary is opened at S1; dashed lines are for the
burden test.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high current cable is connected
to P1; after opening, the output S1 is connected to the red current measurement
socket. For burden measurement, the same S1 output is connected to the red
voltage measurement socket.

In case of current clamp is used for secondary current measurement, connect its
output to the selected measurement input; ATTENTION: do not leave CT
secondary side opened!

The ratio test, performed as shown in the schematic, measures the CT error with
the burden. It is possible to measure the ratio error of the CT alone by
disconnecting also S2.

For the primary side connection, use the two high current connection cables, 6 m
long, with spring-loaded clamps.
For the secondary side connection, use a pair of 2.5 mm2 cables, one red and one
black; if necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.
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2
For the voltage measurement connection, use a second pair of the 2.5 mm
cables, one red and one black; if necessary, use the small crocodile clamps
provided.
If you use the optional clamp (not shown), use the shielded cable with connector
to the 3 V AC input.

4.2.4 CT Ratio Polarity and Burden automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed. The following is a typical result page.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.

If you have not tested all taps, change the tap number, modify the CT secondary

connection, and then press again the START/STOP button : the new test will
be started; at the end, the corresponding test results will be displayed.
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WHEN YOU DISCONNECT THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CONSIDER THE


CURRENT TEST VALUE AND THE TEST DURATION. IF EITHER ARE HIGH,
CONNECTION CLAMPS CAN BE VERY HOT: USE PROTECTION GLOVES!

4.2.5 CT Ratio Polarity and Burden manual test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the current is generated, and the secondary current measured. The window is the
following one.

When you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep

Values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
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4.2.6 CT Ratio Polarity and Burden: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to measure
the ratio opening the CT secondary side.

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Ratio Polarity and Burden.


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3. Test parameters. Select the tap number, and the test current.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Ratio Polarity and Burden” test results only.
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4.3 CT BURDEN SECONDARY SIDE

Purpose of the test is to measure the burden, in terms of VA at the nominal


current. This test is performed disconnecting the CT’s secondary side, applying
current to the burden, and measuring the voltage across it.

With burden we mean the series of all the wires and all the devices connected to
CT secondary, as measured at the feet of the CT itself. The measurement is the
impedance of the burden: if you want to know the burden resistance, please
select the Winding or Burden Resistance test.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

Unlike the previous test, the current source for this test is the low voltage output,
which is not regulated in current. The procedure to obtain the desired test current
is explained in the Introductory manual.

The output current is metered connecting the voltage output in series to the test
set AC/DC current meter.

4.3.1 Safety of the CT Burden Secondary Side test

In this test we connect the test set 140 V AC voltage output in series to the test
set AC current meter, and then to the CT burden.
The voltage across the burden is taken back to the test set voltage meter.
These connections are not dangerous; however, take care of the voltage, which
could be 140 V maximum.
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4.3.2 The CT Burden Secondary Side test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

They come from the nominal settings, and should not be changed; in case, modify
the nominal settings.

b) Test values

On the Test values line you find the following parameters.


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Test parameters are:


· The output range: 6A.
· The test current. You can program the nominal current, or a fraction of it:
for instance, 0.5 A for a nominal current of 1 A, and 3 A for a nominal
current of 5 A.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

· Secondary current actually generated during the test.


· Secondary voltage, measured on the burden.
· The icon tells that you have connected the secondary current to
the test set. In some cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be,
you have the measurement available on another meter with just a
display: in this case, reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as

follows . This means that now the Secondary current field is


editable: at the end of test you can type the read value during the
generation.
· The phase shift between the secondary voltage and the secondary
current, where the voltage is the reference for the phase angle
measurement. The angle range is from 0° to 360°: a negative angle
(inductive burden) ranges from 270° to 360°.
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d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The VA burden, in VA, at the nominal current IN. The secondary current
generated during the test is usually less than the nominal secondary
current; the VA measurement at the test current would be useless. So,
the program computes the ratio of test voltage and test current (the
burden impedance), and multiplies it by the square of the nominal
current. You will note that this measurement will not change very much
with the test current, and this is because the burden is fixed.
· The corresponding power factor.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


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4.3.3 CT connection for CT Burden Secondary Side test


The connection diagrams are the following, using the 300V or the 3V voltage
measurement input respectively:

BURDEN
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If necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided. In the schematic, the CT
secondary is opened at S1: don’t leave the CT secondary side connected to the
burden, else the measurement would be wrong!

4.3.4 CT Burden Secondary Side automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed. This is how the window looks like.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained. Then, it is possible to save the result, by
pressing the save button, as explained.

4.3.5 CT Burden Secondary Side manual test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
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the current is generated, and the voltage drop measured. The window is the
following one.

When you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep

Values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
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4.3.6 CT Burden Secondary Side: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case.

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Burden Secondary side.


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3. Test parameters. Program the test current.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Burden Secondary Side” test results only.
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4.4 CT EXCITATION CURVE

Purpose of the test is to verify that the CT saturation occurs at a value higher than
the one specified in the label, and with a measured current less than the specified
current in the label.

CTs are subject to short-circuit currents, whose value is much higher than the
nominal operating current. The high secondary current, multiplied by the burden
impedance, causes the increase of the secondary voltage, and this increase can be
such to cause the saturation of the iron core. When this occurs, also the
secondary current is heavily distorted. Protection devices have problems in the
correct measurement of the distorted current, in amplitude and phase: this is why
all CTs have a specified degree of over-load, for which no distortion should occur.

The test is performed applying voltage to the secondary side, and measuring the
secondary current. There are three ways you can perform the test.
· Manual. You can program the test voltage, start the test, read the
corresponding test current, save the result. Then, perform other tests
with another voltages; in the end, you have the saturation curve, but no
indication about the measured knee point.
· Automatic (Table Test). This way of testing allows you to verify the
characteristic table of the transformer. You can input the test voltages
and the corresponding nominal currents, without performing the test;
then, as you start the test, voltages and the measured currents are
shown in the table: you can check if currents are within the specified
tolerance.
· Automatic (Graph Test). This way of testing allows you to find the actual
voltage and current knee. The detail is explained in the following.

The knee voltage ranges from rather low (100 V) to quite high, such as 1 kV; as the
test must reach a voltage greater than the knee, the test is performed using the
High Voltage output of the test set. The selection is available on the STS 5000 and
STS 4000 models, as they have this output, that is not available on STS 3000.

NOTE. We have been asked why the saturation test is not performed injecting
primary current. The answer is simple: take, for instance, the case of a
transformer rated 800/5, 20 VA, with an overload factor of 20. In this instance,
we should inject 20*800 = 16,000 A on the primary, at the power of 20^2*20 =
8,000 VA!
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4.4.1 Safety of the CT Excitation curve test

In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the CT secondary
winding. The connection is very dangerous, as a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is
involved. This is the sole connection to be performed.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

In this test we saturate the CT magnetic material; so, after the knee has been
recognized, the test set automatically slowly decreases the voltage to zero: this
action de-magnetizes the core. If the return to zero is too fast, the CT core would
have a magnetic remanence: when the CT is set back in service, there would be
some distorted cycles. If, for any reason, it was necessary to stop the test while
the voltage was applied, then the test has to be repeated, in order to ensure the
core demagnetization.

4.4.2 The CT Excitation Curve test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.
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The screen has to the left some parameters, and to the right a diagram, with
coordinates Current and Voltage.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

The first selection checkbox refers to how to perform the test.

· Automatic (default). With this selection, after test start, the


test is performed automatically. At the end, the program applies the
standard definition to compute the knee voltage, and displays it with all
tests performed.

· Manual. Removing “Auto” selection, you can manually set


the test points: the program generates the selected test voltage, and
displays the corresponding current, showing it on the diagram. You can
perform other tests, changing the test voltage. The program does not
compute the knee point.

Nominal values come from the Header nominal values page. They should not be
changed; in case, modify the nominal settings.

b) Result

Test results are:


· The measured knee voltage, computed from tests results applying the
standard definition.
· The corresponding knee current.
· The current at the nominal knee voltage.

c) Test values and limits

In this area you can input other test parameters.


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· Test voltage. During the manual test automatic execution, it displays the
voltage of the test being generated.
· Test frequency. NOTE: knee voltage is a function of the test frequency. If
your CT is rated at 50 Hz, and you test at 60 Hz, the nominal voltage knee
would be 1.2 times bigger than the one at 50 Hz.
· Vmax. It is the maximum test voltage, not to be exceeded during any
test. If Vmax is smaller than the actual Vk, the automatic test will be
stopped.
· Imax. It is the maximum test current, not to be exceeded during any test.
If the measured current is greater than Imax, the automatic test will be
stopped.

d) Other selections

Above the excitation curve are displayed the following selections.

Graph test or table test.


· With graph test you have the current versus voltage diagram; the
automatic test is performed in an automatic way. At the end of the test,
the knee point is displayed.
· With table test, you can program a table with the test voltages and the
nominal currents. At the end of the test, you have on the table the actual
currents, and you may have the current deviation from the nominal
value.

Measure error.
This selection is used with the table test: when checked, the table displays the
percentage error between the measured current and the nominal one.

Excitation curve or test table

This selection is independent from the one above: graph test or table test, and it
is to decide how to view test results. For both of them, the test result can be seen
as a diagram or as the table of preformed tests. When you are displaying the

diagram, the icon is this: ; that is, if you press the icon, you can select the

table. Otherwise, when you have the table on the display, the icon is this: ;
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when you press it, you select the diagram. In conclusion, the icon shows the
opposite with respect to the display.

e) The central part of the window

When you select to perform the Excitation curve test, the display looks like this.

Coordinates are: current and voltage; the representation is log-log. Red square

dots are the test points; the red line is connecting them. The blue cross is
the computed knee.

If you select the diagram with the knob, it is possible to reach for the single points
of the diagram. Click on the diagram: a couple of cursors are displayed.
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Of the selected point are shown the test voltage and the corresponding current.
Moving the knob, all points can be reached.

When you select to perform the Table test, the display looks like this.

You can input the test voltage, and the corresponding nominal current.
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4.4.3 CT connection for Excitation Curve test


The connection diagram is the following.

In the schematic, the CT secondary is opened at S1 and S2: don’t leave the
burden connected to the CT during the test, else the HV would be applied to the
connected equipment! If necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided,
taking care about the isolation distances.

In this test, the cables colour coding is not relevant.

Connections are performed using the two HV connection cables.

4.4.4 CT Excitation Curve test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set front panel: as
the test is performed at high voltage, the following message will be displayed.
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You have to turn ON the HV key , and press START again: the following
message reminds you that you are operating with high voltage: take care!

During the test, on the display is shown the saturation curve, or the
corresponding table, according to test selections. By the side, the display shows

the Test underway alarm icon : don’t touch!

The test is performed as follows.

4.4.4.1 Graph test

With this selection , the test set behaves as following.

· The voltage knee is measured with a number of separate tests. The test
set applies a voltage, and then measures the corresponding current.
Once finished a step, it proceeds with the next test point. The curve is a
collection of steps; the program decides automatically the voltage
increments: they are smaller as it approaches the saturation knee, in
order to guarantee a proper evaluation accordingly with the specified
standard.
· Considering Vmax, the program decides the test voltages during the first
saturation step. The voltage is increased and the corresponding current
is measured.
· At the moment of saturation, the current has a remarkable increase,
which tells that the saturation has been reached. The transition is
smooth, but the convention is to define a single point, named voltage
knee, which marks the passage between the not saturated and the
saturated operation. The IEC and the ANSI standards define the voltage
knee in different ways, but, of course, the knee value does not change
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very much. When it is found, the knee is temporarily displayed on the


screen, by a blue cross.
· When the knee is recognized, the voltage increase is reduced. This is the
first part of the test; however, the knee has to be found while decreasing
the voltage; so, these preliminary results are discarded.
· Now, the voltage is decreased, with smaller decrements: this is when the
program computes the actual knee voltage value. The voltage is
decreased, in steps, until the first test voltage is reached: at this
moment, the test is stopped, and the test result is displayed.
· You may notice that, after the last point, the High Voltage icon stays
there for a while. During this time, the program very slowly decreases to
zero the applied voltage: thanks to this, no magnetic energy remains in
the core.
· The program interpolates test points in order to get the mathematical
function who represents the excitation curve. Once the function is
interpolated, is possible to add other points to the curve (see picture
below): insert a voltage value, the corresponding current value is

computed and pressing button, the point will be added to the


measured curve.

· Note that this behaviour follows the selection Graph test: the
performance is the same also if you have selected to display the table.
The following is the table display of a graph test.
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The table displays all tests executed during the voltage decrease.

4.4.4.2 Table test

With this selection , the test set behaves as following.

· The test starts with the first selected value; the corresponding current is
measured, but it is displayed on the table after the last test.
· The next test voltage is generated; the process continues until the last
test is performed.
· As the test is finished, you can add other points to your table: as you
press START, only these points will be tested.
· If you want to repeat the test, press the “Reset execution” button: all
test results are cleared. Then, press START: the test will be repeated.
· You may notice that, after the last point, the High Voltage icon stays
there for a while. During this time, the program very slowly decreases to
zero the applied voltage: thanks to this, no magnetic energy remains in
the core.
· You can check the Error before test start: the table displays the
percentage current deviation with respect to the nominal current value.
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In the example, four points have been tested; the evaluation is OK. The same
result can be seen as a diagram.
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When test is over, the START/STOP button turns OFF.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained. For the voltage knee, the usual criteria is
that the measured knee should be more than the nominal value.

Then, it is possible to save the result.

If the test is stopped pressing the STOP button during the execution, the voltage is
very slowly reduced to zero. This is not performed if the EMERGENCY button is
pressed: in this situation, some remanence can be left in the CT. Don’t forget to
perform another test, so that the remanence is nulled!
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4.4.5 CT Excitation Curve test: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to find the
characteristic curve.

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Excitation Curve.


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3. Test parameters. Program the tap number and the maximum test current and
voltage (1.5 or 2 times the nominal knee Vk).

Select
the tap

Input
Vmax
and
Imax

4. Test start. Press the button. The program will proceed automatically, until
the test is over.

5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Excitation Curve” test results only.
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4.5 CT WINDING OR BURDEN RESISTANCE

Purpose of the test is to measure the resistive component of the CT secondary


winding impedance or of the burden impedance.

This test is performed applying DC current to the test item (winding or burden),
and measuring the corresponding voltage drop.

With burden we mean the series of all the wires and all the devices connected to
the CT secondary, as measured at the feet of the CT itself. The measurement is
the burden resistance (Ohm): if you want to know the burden impedance (VA),
please select the “CTs Burden Secondary Side” test.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

4.5.1 Safety of the CT Winding or Burden resistance test

In this test we connect the test set 6 A DC current output in series to the test set
current meter, and then to the CT secondary winding or to the burden.
The voltage across the CT secondary winding or the burden is taken back to the
test set voltage meter.
The test current is not dangerous; however, there is a problem which could
cause a severe shock hazard.

The problem comes from the fact that the test of the CT secondary winding is
performed applying a DC current; as the CT has a residual inductance, there is a
magnetic energy cumulated into the CT core.

Once the test is performed, THE CURRENT IS DECREASED TO ZERO, so that the
accumulated energy can be dissipated. If the current flow is stopped by accident,
for instance opening the circuit during the test, the energy accumulated into the
inductance would cause a high voltage spike, that could be dangerous for the
operator and the test set.

After the test, the presence of a residual energy is alerted by the light shown
below.
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RESIDUAL ENERGY SENSED!


DON’T REMOVE CONNECTIONS
UNTIL THE LIGHT IS OFF

DO NOT REMOVE THE CONNECTION UNTIL THE LIGHT TURNS OFF! If you do it,
the residual energy would cause a high voltage spike on the conductor you are
removing.

The test of the burden does not have these problems, as the inductance is very
small.

4.5.2 The CT Winding or Burden resistance test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.


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a) Nominal values

· The nominal winding (or burden) resistance: this parameter serves to


verify if the measurement is within the tolerance.

b) Test values and limits

· DC current output range: it is 6 A.


· Test current.
· Resistance limits. Based on the voltage input accuracy and the test
current, the measurable resistance range is computed accordingly.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Actual test DC current;
· Voltage drop across the resistance.
· Measurement Voltage Input: 10V or 300V.

From these values, the test set computes the resistance.


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d) Temperature Compensation

The CT winding resistance is generated by the copper or aluminum resistivity,


which is very much temperature depending (4.2 %/°C for copper). Because of this
fact, the resistance can be not well defined; this is why, often, the CT resistance
value is referred to a given temperature; for instance, 40 °C, as this is the typical
copper temperature during operation.

During the test, the CT winding temperature can be far from the reference one;
so, the program allows to transform the measured resistance into the resistance
at the reference temperature.

The programming window for the temperature compensation is the following


one.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Temperature compensation. If not checked, the resistance is the one at
the test ambient temperature; else, the compensation is performed.
· The temperature can be °C or °F.
· Material: you can select copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al).
· In the Ambient temperature, you should input the CT temperature
during the test.
· In the Reference temperature, you should input the CT reference
temperature, as indicated by the CT manufacturer.

e) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


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· The measured resistance, that is, the resistance at the temperature of


the test;
· The compensated resistance, if the temperature compensation was
checked: usually, it is greater than the measured resistance.
· Test time: the total time length (hh:mm).
· Deviation. The displayed resistance is the average of many
measurements in one second: the deviation shows how much
measurements is stable. The parameter is relevant because, as
explained, the current changes during the test as the consequence of the
inductance.

4.5.3 CT connection for Winding or Burden Resistance test


The following is the connection diagram.

The CT secondary is disconnected. The DC current output is connected to the test


set current meter, and then to the winding (as shown) or to the burden.
Remember to disconnect the CT to burden connection, else the result would be
wrong! If necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.

In this test, there is no problem about polarity.


2
Connections are performed using two pairs of the 2.5 mm cables.
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4.5.4 CT Winding or Burden Resistance test execution

Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed.

As explained before, the CT residual inductance opposes to the current flow.


During the test, the test set measures and displays the amount of variation in the
time as Deviation. The following is an example of test result.

Once the result is achieved, a discharge sequence is performed. As shown in the


picture below, on the screen is possible to see the amount of current is flowing
during the discharge; the discharge ends when the current is less than 100 mA.

NOTE: the discharge sequence starts automatically when the result is achieved,

and it starts if the test is stopped with the START/STOP button or the

EMERGENCY button .
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In the end verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance, then express your
assessment as explained in section 2.5.4.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


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4.5.5 CT Winding or Burden Resistance: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to measure
the CT secondary resistance.

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Winding or Burden resistance test.

3. Test Parameters. Program the nominal resistance, and the test current. In the
example, the test current is 5 A; multiplied by 0.1 Ohm, the voltage drop is 0.5 V.
With resistances such as 1 Ohm or more, the test current can be less: for instance,
2 A, in the 3 A range.
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4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Wait for the complete discharge.
5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Winding or Burden Resistance” test results only.
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4.6 CT VOLTAGE WITHSTAND

Purpose of the test is to verify the voltage withstand, with respect to the ground,
of:
· The CT secondary itself;
· The CT secondary wiring;

The test set measures also the corresponding leakage current (typically
capacitive).

NOTE. This test is performed with AC voltage; so, it is not an isolation test as
per IEEE 62-1995, where the test is performed with DC voltage.

This test is performed applying the high voltage between the secondary cablings
and the ground, and measuring the corresponding current sink.

NOTE. It is also possible to test the withstand between primary and secondary,
and between primary and ground; however, as STS XXXX reaches only 2000 V,
the test voltage is normally much less than the nominal voltage rating, so the
test is not very useful.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

The output current is metered by the test set, with no other connections.

4.6.1 Safety of the voltage withstand test

In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the CT connections. The
test is very dangerous, not only because a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is involved,
but also because one of the HV terminals is solid grounded. In fact, for tests such
as the saturation curve, the HV output is isolated from the ground; so, touching
only one wire is not very dangerous. Here, instead, touching one wire means to
be submitted to the whole voltage.

Besides, the HV goes from the CT under test to the place where relays are
located, and this can be hundreds of meters away. Make sure to protect all
connected devices against accidental touch!

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
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discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

4.6.2 The CT voltage withstand test window

Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.


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a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· In order to avoid damaging the connected device, it is possible to


program the current, Max IAC, which should not be exceeded during the
test. If this occurs, i.e. if the load sinks a current more than Max IAC, the
test is automatically interrupted, and the operator alerted by a message.
· The test time, that sets the test duration (for instance, 60 s). When the
time reaches the maximum, the test is automatically interrupted, and the
test is finished.

b) Test values

· Output range: the test set has three ranges: 500 V AC, 1000 V AC, 2000 V
AC. Select the closest one to the test voltage, in order to reduce the
maximum voltage and the associated danger.
· Test voltage: the nominal test voltage.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The measured leakage current, generated during the test;
· The actual test voltage.
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d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The maximum current measured during the test. If a flashover occurs,
the peak current will be reported.
· The isolation impedance, that is the ratio of the above measured voltage
and current: the main component is the stray capacitance.
NOTE: we measure an impedance, and not a resistance, as we apply an
AC voltage.
· The test duration.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


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4.6.3 CT connection for Voltage Withstand test


The connection diagram is the following.

BURDEN

Connect the red HV cable to the transformer’s secondary winding, and the black
HV cable to earth and to the neutral transformer’s primary winding. The burden
must be disconnected,. The earth connection of the secondary winding must be
removed.

Connections are performed using the HV cables. If necessary, use the small
crocodile clamps provided; however, take care of the insulation distances!

4.6.4 CT Voltage Withstand automatic test execution

Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set front panel: as
the test is performed at high voltage, the following message will be displayed.
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You have to turn ON the HV key , and press START again: the following
message reminds you that you are operating with high voltage: take care!

The screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding leakage current.
The display shows also the test elapsed time.
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4.6.5 CT Voltage Withstand manual test execution

In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel, and keep it pressed. After the same messages as the automatic
mode, the screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding leakage
current. The display shows also the test elapsed time.

When you want to stop, just release the START button: the test terminates.

If, during the test, the programmed maximum current is exceeded, the test is
stopped.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment, as explained.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


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4.6.5 CT voltage withstand: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Voltage Withstand.


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3. Test parameters. In the example setting parameters are: Max IAC 10 mA, test
time 60 s, test voltage 2 kV.

Program 10
mA

Test voltage:
2 kV

Duration:
60 s

4. Test start. Press the button. The test ends after the programmed test
time.

5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Voltage Withstand” test results only.
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4.7 CT POLARITY CHECK

Purpose of the test is to measure the CT polarity. The selection is available on STS
5000 model.

4.7.1 Safety of the CT Polarity Check test

In this test we connect STS 5000 high current output to the CT primary side, and
the CT secondary must be left connected to its place in the plant: the secondary
voltage of an opened CT’s secondary side can be very high, and dangerous for
the operator!

4.7.2 The CT Polarity check window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Test values
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On the Test values line you find the following parameters.

· The output range is 800 A.


· Amplitude: this is the peak value of a special saw-tooth waveform.
· The Detection must be performed with the PLCK Polarity Checker option.
· Timing. The output is generated intermittently. You can program the ON
duration, and the OFF duration.

b) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following window.

There are three input areas.


· Location: input the test point name.
· Note: this is an editable note field.
· Eval: during the generation you can highlight a location and do your

assessment with the two buttons “Pass” and “Fail”.

If you want to add a new location in the table, press the “Add test point” button.
Highlight the new line and press the knob: the “Edit row” window allows you to
input the test location, and a note. Continue until you have programmed all
locations you are about to test.
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4.7.3 CT connection for the Polarity Check test


The connection diagram can be the following:
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4.7.4 PLCK Polarity Checker option


The PLCK Polarity Checker has tree colored LEDs:
· Pass (GREEN). Indicates the right polarity
· Fail (RED). Indicates the wrong polarity
· Low Battery (BLUE). If it blinks, the battery has reached the first low
voltage threshold; the fixed light indicates the second low voltage
threshold, in this case the battery should be changed.

The detection range of thePLCK Polarity Checker is from 50 mV to 300 V. If a low


or distorted signal is detected, both Pass and Fail LEDs blink. If you want to check
the polarity on a very low impedance (e.g. the current terminals of a numeric
relay), is possible that the voltage drop is much less than 50 mV even when you
are generating the maximum possible current; in this case you have to check the
polarity including the connection cables from the relay to the first available
terminals in order to increase the voltage drop.

4.7.5 CT Polarity Check test execution

Having programmed the test locations, and performed all connections, select the

first test of your list, then press once the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel: the test set starts generating the output waveform.
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The waveform generation will continue until you press the START/STOP
button. Once the generation is stopped, you can evaluate or change the
evaluation done before (during the generation) per each location.

Then, it is possible to save the result.

4.7.6 CT Polarity Check test: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Polarity Check test.


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3. Test parameters. Program the test current, the ON – OFF duration, and input
the location description.

4. Test generation. Press the button.

5. With PLCK, move to the points to be tested and verify the polarity.
6. Input the evaluations.

7. Stop generation. Press the button


8. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Polarity Check” test results only.
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4.8 CT RATIO AND POLARITY VOLTAGE MODE

Purpose of the test is to measure the actual CT ratio and to verify its polarity. This
test is called voltage mode because these parameters are verified by connecting
the main AC voltage output (high or low) to the CT secondary, and measuring the
corresponding voltage at the primary side. These parameters could be measured
also generating current; however, with this connection it is also possible to test
the excitation curve.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

4.8.1 Safety of the CT Ratio and Polarity Voltage mode test

In this test we connect the STS 5000 high voltage output to the CT secondary side,
and the CT primary side to the STS 5000 voltage meter. The test voltage is usually
not very high; however, take care!

When you change the tap connection, make sure that the test is finished, and that
there is no primary voltage!

4.8.2 The CT Ratio Polarity Voltage mode test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.
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The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· The primary current, in A.


· The secondary current, in A.
· CT ratio: it is computed by the program from the above parameters.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table,
and not these data.

b) Test values

· Test voltage. It is important not to get close to the knee voltage, else the
error would significantly increase. The CT Header reports the nominal
knee voltage:

Program half (or less) of the knee voltage.


· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.


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The screen displays the following parameters.


· Voltage to Secondary Side: the voltage actually applied during the test
(connected to the secondary side).
· Voltage from Primary Side (measured at the CT primary side). The icon
tells that you have connected the voltage to the test set. In some
cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be, you have the
measurement available on another meter with just a display: in this case,

reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as follows . This
means that now the Voltage from Primary field is editable: at the end of
test you can type the read value during the generation.
· The current generated during the test.
· The phase shift between the voltage output and the applied voltage, the
latter being the reference for the phase angle measurement. The angle
range is from 0° to 360°: a negative angle (inductive burden) ranges from
270° to 360°.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Actual I secondary. This is the value of the secondary current when the
primary one is exactly the nominal one. This value does not change very
much when changing the test voltage.
· Polarity: it tells Pass if the angle error is within ± 15°; else, it tells Fail. If
the polarity is wrong, verify that connections are correct!
· Ratio: it is the ratio of the primary and secondary currents, as displayed
in the measured values.
· Ratio % error. It is the above error, expressed in percent. The maximum
test set ratio percentage measurement errors are reported in the
following table, as a function of the ratio value.
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RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

A ratio error beyond the maximum accuracy error shows an error; the
typical reason is the wrong connection to the tap. Last possibility: there
is a fault in the CT under test; typically, an internal short-circuit.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


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4.8.3 CT connection for Ratio and Polarity Voltage mode


The connection diagram is the following.

In the schematic, the CT secondary is opened at S1, so the burden is


disconnected.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high voltage cable is connected
to S1; the primary P1 and P2 are connected to the red and black ends of the
shielded cable.

For the connection to the CT secondary side, use the two high voltage connection
cables, 6 m long.
For the connection to the CT primary side, use the shielded cable 6 m long. If
necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided, taking care of the isolation
distances.

NOTE: if the CT is located on the primary side (or on the secondary side) inside
a power transformer, the test of the CT ratio can be performed with the
voltage mode, as follows:
. Connect the CT secondary to the test set voltage output;
. Connect the PT winding on which the CT is inserted to the low voltage
measurement input.
Through PT winding any current flows, so the secondary voltage can be
measured on the PT terminals (primary or secondary).
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4.8.4 CT Ratio and Polarity Voltage mode automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set front panel: the
test lasts few seconds; at the end test result is displayed.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.

Then, it is possible to save the result.

4.8.5 CT Ratio Polarity Voltage mode manual test execution

In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel, and keep it pressed. After the same messages as the automatic
mode, the screen displays the voltage applied to the secondary winding, and the
corresponding primary winding voltage.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 120 of 305

If you want to stop, discarding the result, just release the START button: the test
terminates.

When you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep

Values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 121 of 305

4.8.6 CT Ratio Polarity Voltage mode: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to measure
the ratio opening the CT secondary side.

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Ratio Polarity Voltage Mode.

3. Test parameters. The primary and secondary currents are programmed in the
nominal values; so, select the tap number, and program the test voltage.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 122 of 305

Tap
number

Test voltage:
< Vknee/2

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Ratio and Polarity Voltage Mode” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 123 of 305

4.9 CT ROGOWSKI (RATIO)

Purpose of the test is to measure the actual CT ratio and polarity of a Rogowski
coil CT. The test is performed applying current to the primary side, and measuring
the secondary voltage.

The Rogowski coil CT is completely unlike conventional CT’s because it doesn’t


have an iron core. The reason why it is used is that standard CT’s exhibit
saturation when the current is high: this means, when the monitoring relay needs
to meter at best, because there is an heavy short circuit to be cleared, the
standard CT provides a very poor secondary signal, distorted and with an heavy
DC component.

In comparison, the Rogowski coil CT never saturates: it is available to measure


from few mA up to the MA range.

The Rogowski coil is just a coil wound on a plastic support. If you wind the support
on a conductor, the coil spires are linked to the flux of the magnetic field
induction; as the flux changes at the mains frequency, the flux variation induces a
voltage given by the following formula.

Where:
· V is the induced voltage;
· The minus sign is because the voltage opposes to the flux change;
· A is the spire area;
· N is the number of turns;
· l is the coil length;
· μo is the magnetic constant of vacuum;
· dI/dt is the current rate of change.

The formula tells one of the problems of the Rogowski coil CT: the current must
be computed by integrating the voltage over the time. The other drawback is that
the voltage is quite small, and can be carried only with shielded cables. Yet, the
advantage of no saturation, along with the reduced cost, make the device more
and more used.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 model.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 124 of 305

4.9.1 Safety of the CT Rogowski test

In this test we connect the STS 5000 high current output (or the BUX 3000 high
current output) to the CT primary side, and the CT secondary side to the STS 5000
voltage meter. These connections are not dangerous; however, take care of the
high current.

4.2.2 The CT Rogowski test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 125 of 305

· The primary current, in A.


· The secondary voltage at the primary current, in V.
· The nominal frequency: 50 or 60 Hz.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table,
and not these data.

b) Test values

· Output range: is 800 A.


· Test current. You can program the nominal current if it is less than 400 A,
or 400 A for greater values. If possible, avoid testing at 800 A: there
could be problems caused by the burden.
· Test frequency, which can differ from the nominal frequency. Given the
measurement principle, the output voltage follows the test frequency: in
case of difference with respect to the nominal one, the test set takes
care of nulling the error.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Primary current actually generated during the test.
· Corresponding secondary voltage.
· Phase angle between secondary and primary voltage: the primary
voltage is the phase reference.
· The icon tells that you have connected the secondary voltage to
the test set. In some cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be,
you have the measurement available on another meter with just a
display: in this case, reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 126 of 305

follows . This means that now the Secondary Voltage is editable:


at the end of test you can type the read value during the generation.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Corrected ratio: it is the actual ratio of the primary current and
secondary voltage, but referred to the nominal primary current.
· Voltage % error. It is the above error, expressed in percent. The
maximum test set ratio percentage errors are reported in the following
table, as a function of the ratio value.

RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

· Polarity: it tells Pass if the angle error is within ± 15°; else, it tells Fail. If
the polarity is wrong, verify that connections are correct!

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 127 of 305

4.9.3 CT connection for Rogowski test


The connection diagram is the following.

In the schematic, the CT secondary is connected to the 3 V test set input by the
shielded measurement cable.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high current cable is connected
to P1; the output S1 is connected to the red connection cable conductor.

For the primary side connection, use the two high current connection cables, 6 m
long, with spring-loaded clamps.
For the secondary side connection, use the shielded, two wire cable, with
connector. If necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.

4.9.4 CT Rogowski automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 128 of 305

Then, it is possible to save the result.

WHEN YOU DISCONNECT THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CONSIDER THE


CURRENT TEST VALUE AND THE TEST DURATION. IF EITHER ARE HIGH,
CONNECTION CLAMPS CAN BE VERY HOT: USE PROTECTION GLOVES!

4.9.5 CT Rogowski manual test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the current is generated.

When you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep

values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.

WHEN YOU DISCONNECT THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CONSIDER THE


CURRENT TEST VALUE AND THE TEST DURATION. IF EITHER ARE HIGH,
CONNECTION CLAMPS CAN BE VERY HOT: USE PROTECTION GLOVES!
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 129 of 305

4.9.6 CT Rogowski: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Rogowski coil.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 130 of 305

3. Test parameters. Input the test current.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Ratio Rogowski Coil” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 131 of 305

4.10 CT LOW POWER (RATIO)

Purpose of the test is to measure the actual CT ratio and polarity of a Low power
CT. The test is performed applying current to the primary side, and measuring the
secondary voltage.

The Low power CT is a standard, iron core CT, which incorporates a shunt resistor:
the output is voltage, and not current. The device is described in the IEC 6044-8
Standard.
The benefits of the arrangement are:
· The CT power is much less than the one of a conventional CT. Let us
consider a conventional CT with: IN = 5 A; power rating 20 VA
(maximum burden 0.8 Ohm); overload factor = 10. The CT power during
overload is 10*10*20 = 2000 VA.
In a low power CT, the secondary current is 1 A, the burden is 0.1 Ohm,
and the nominal voltage is 0.1 V. If the overload factor is 10, during the
overload the power dissipated into the shunt is 10*10*0.1 = 10 VA, that
is, 200 times less than the conventional CT. So, the weight, size and cost
of the Low power CT is very much reduced with respect to conventional
CTs.
· Standard CT’s exhibit saturation when the current is high: this means,
when the monitoring relay needs to meter at best, because there is an
heavy short circuit to be cleared, the standard CT provides a very poor
secondary signal, distorted and with an heavy DC component. The Low
power CT does not saturate, provided that the overload rating is not
exceeded.

The selection is available on STS 5000 model.

4.10.1 Safety of the CT Low power test

In this test we connect the STS 5000 high current output (or the BUX 3000 high
current output) to the CT primary side, and the CT secondary side to the STS 5000
voltage meter. These connections are not dangerous; however, take care of the
high current.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 132 of 305

4.10.2 The CT Low power test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· The primary current, in A.


· The secondary voltage at the primary current, in V.
· The nominal ratio, in A/V.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table,
and not these data.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 133 of 305

b) Test values

· The current output range: is 800 A.


· The test current. You can program the nominal current if it is less than
400 A, or 400 A for greater values. If possible, avoid testing at 800 A:
there could be problems caused by the burden.
· The test frequency.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The primary current actually generated during the test.
· The corresponding secondary voltage.
· Phase angle between secondary and primary voltage: the primary
voltage is the phase reference.
· The icon tells that you have connected the secondary voltage to
the test set. In some cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be,
you have the measurement available on another meter with just a
display: in this case, reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as

follows . This means that now the Secondary Voltage is editable:


at the end of test you can type the read value during the generation.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 134 of 305

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

· Corrected secondary voltage. This is the value of the secondary voltage,


when the primary current is exactly the nominal one. This value does not
change very much when changing the test current.
· Ratio: it is the actual ratio of the primary current and secondary voltage.
· Ratio % error. It is the above error, expressed in percent. The maximum
test set ratio percentage errors are reported in the following table, as a
function of the ratio value.

RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

· Polarity: it tells Pass if the angle error is within ± 15°; else, it tells Fail. If
the polarity is wrong, verify that connections are correct!
· Phase shift: it tells the actual phase shift between the primary current,
taken as a reference, and the secondary voltage.
· Ratio percentage error: it is the percentage error of the ratio.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 135 of 305

4.10.3 CT connection for Low power test


The connection diagram is the following.

P2

S2

S1
P1

In the schematic, the CT secondary is connected to the 3 V test set input by the
shielded measurement cable.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high current cable is connected
to P1; the output S1 is connected to the red connection cable conductor.

For the primary side connection, use the two high current connection cables, 6 m
long, with spring-loaded clamps.
For the secondary side connection, use the shielded, two wire cable, with
connector. If necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 136 of 305

4.10.4 CT Low power automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.

Then, it is possible to save the result.

WHEN YOU DISCONNECT THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CONSIDER THE


CURRENT TEST VALUE AND THE TEST DURATION. IF EITHER ARE HIGH,
CONNECTION CLAMPS CAN BE VERY HOT: USE PROTECTION GLOVES!

4.10.5 CT Low power manual test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the current is generated, and the secondary voltage measured.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 137 of 305

When you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep

Values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.

WHEN YOU DISCONNECT THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CONSIDER THE


CURRENT TEST VALUE AND THE TEST DURATION. IF EITHER ARE HIGH,
CONNECTION CLAMPS CAN BE VERY HOT: USE PROTECTION GLOVES!
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 138 of 305

4.10.6 CT Low power: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Current Transformer.

2. CT tests. Select Low power.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 139 of 305

3. Test parameters. Program the test current.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CT Ratio Low Power” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 140 of 305

5 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS
HEADERS
The first time you enter in this test section, or pressing
, the following window appears:

The program starts asking: VT description, Nominal Values and Tolerances. These
values will be taken into account during the test, and will be part of the test
report. The selection is displayed on the first line.

If you rotate the knob, you can reach the various parameters. As you are there,
pressing the knob you enter the field, which is highlighted in red, and you can
modify it.

In alternative, you can use the shortcut buttons located to the right of the screen.
The operation of these buttons is described on the right side of the screen: the
description changes according to the context. For instance, in this moment you
have the following shortcuts available:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 141 of 305

· Modify. Select a specific field, press this button in order to modify


it.

· Set as default header. The current header is saved in a read-only


memory sector; the operation is confirmed with the message:

· Reload Default Header. The default header, if any, is recalled and


displayed.

· Test. You proceed with tests selection.

When you enter a field to edit it, shortcuts change as follows.


Options are the followings:

· Clear text. The present text is cleared;

· Discard change. You can discard your changes, this restores the
former text.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 142 of 305

5.1 VT DESCRIPTION

In this window you can input the references for the VT location and installation.
Don’t forget fields such as Manufacturer and serial number, as they will be used
to recover test results in the TDMS software data base.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 143 of 305

5.2 VT NOMINAL VALUES.

In this part it is possible to input the settings which will be used by the program to
execute the selected test.

Nominal parameters are:


· The nominal primary voltage, in kV.
· The nominal primary voltage can be Line to Line or Line to Neutral.
· The nominal secondary voltage, in V.
· The nominal secondary voltage can be: Line to Line, Line to Neutral or
Open Delta.
· The power, rated in VA.
· The minimum Power Factor of the burden.
· The capacitance, primary to secondary.
· The tangent delta.

For more details, please refer to MIE13175 – TD 5000 APPLICATION GUIDE.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 144 of 305

5.3 VT TOLERANCES.

In this part of the window it is possible to program the tolerances of all


parameters relevant to VT testing.

Once tolerances are programmed, in the Test window the program computes the
test result percentage error. The test assessment will be “Pass” if the computed
error is less than the tolerance.

If you check All tolerances , then all tolerances will be


selected. If you don’t check all tolerances, you can enter the tolerance of the
parameters you want to test.

Parameters are the followings.


· Ratio: it is the Primary to Secondary ratio
· Polarity, in degrees. Purpose of the test is to verify that the phase is not
reversed; so, an error of 15° is adequate.
· Burden, in VA. It is the maximum CT burden, at nominal voltage.
· Burden PF, in units. It is the minimum power factor of the burden: a
value of 0.500 means that all PF between 0.500 and 1.000 are OK.
· Current clamp, in percentage.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 145 of 305

The following parameters refer to tangent (delta) measurements.


· Capacitance: the tolerance refers to all capacitance measurement.
· Tangent delta (or Dissipation Factor): This is a Multiplication Factor, the
measured value must be within ±(Tδn ∙ Multiplication Factor).
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 146 of 305

6 VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS TESTS


EXECUTION
Once the Description, Nominal and Tolerances windows have been edited, you

can proceed pressing the “Test” shortcut. The following window is displayed.

Select the desired test: they are explained in the following sections.

6.1 MANUAL MEASURE


This window, and the associated tests, is identical to the one explained in
section4.1; please refer to it.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 147 of 305

6.2 VT RATIO

Purpose of the test is to measure the actual VT ratio and to verify its polarity. This
test is performed applying voltage to the primary side, and measuring the
secondary voltage. The connection to the loads can be open or closed, in order to
verify the accuracy error caused by the burden; however, as the test is performed
at a fraction of the nominal voltage, the influence of the burden is very limited.

The selection is available on STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

6.2.1 Safety of the VT Ratio test


In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the VT primary side. The
test is very dangerous, not only because a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is involved,
but also because the VT neutral is solid grounded: touching one wire means to be
submitted to the high voltage.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 148 of 305

6.2.2 The VT Ratio test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· Nominal primary voltage, in kV, that can be Line to Line or Line to


Neutral.
· Nominal secondary voltage, in V, that can be: Line to Line, Line to Neutral
or Open Delta.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 149 of 305

· The program displays the nominal ratio, given the primary and secondary
voltages.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table,
and not these data.

b) Test values

· Test set voltage output range: 500 V, 1 kV or 2 kV.


· Test voltage: for MV and HV VTs, select 2 kV.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.
· Secondary voltage connection: two ranges are available, 300 V or 3 V.
The 3 V range provides accurate measurements, but you have to be sure
that the 3 V value is not trespassed during the test. As a rule of thumb,
use the 3 V input only if the primary voltage is 100 kV or more; else, use
the 300 V input.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

· Primary voltage actually generated during the test;


· Corresponding secondary voltage;
· The phase shift between the secondary and the primary voltage, the
latter being the reference for the phase angle measurement. The angle
range is from 0° to 360°: a negative angle (inductive burden) ranges from
270° to 360°.
· The icon tells that you have connected the secondary voltage to
the test set. In some cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be,
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 150 of 305

you have the measurement available on another meter with just a


display: in this case, reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as

follows . This means that now the Secondary Voltage field is


editable: at the end of test you can type the read value during the
generation.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Corrected V secondary. This is the value of the secondary voltage when
the primary one is exactly the nominal one. This is why this value differs
from the one in the measured values. This value does not change very
much when changing the test voltage.
· Polarity: it tells Pass if the angle error is within ± 15°; else, it tells Fail. If
the polarity is wrong, verify that connections are correct!
· Ratio: it is the ratio of the primary and secondary voltages, as displayed
in the measured values.
· Ratio % error. It is the above error, expressed in percent. The maximum
test set ratio percentage errors are reported in the following table, as a
function of the ratio value.

RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

A ratio error beyond the maximum accuracy error shows an error; the
typical reason is the wrong connection to the VT. Last possibility: there is
a fault in the VT under test; typically, an internal short-circuit of some
turns.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 151 of 305

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .

6.2.3 Connection for the VT Ratio test


Connection diagrams are the following:

BURDEN
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 152 of 305

In the schematic, the VT secondary is connected to the burden. Use the 300 V
voltage input if the secondary voltage is greater than 3 V; in alternative, use the 3
V voltage with proper shielded cable.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high voltage cable is connected
to P1; the output S1 is connected to the red voltage measurement socket. If
necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.

The ratio test, performed as shown in the schematic, meters the VT error with the
burden. It is possible to meter the ratio error of the VT alone by opening S1.

For the primary side connection, use the two high voltage connection cables, 6 m
long.
2
For the secondary side connection, use a pair of the 2.5 mm cables, one red and
one black, or the shielded cable with connector.

6.2.4 VT Ratio automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed, and stops automatically in few seconds. The following is a
test result window.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 153 of 305

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.

BEFORE DISCONNECTING THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CHECK THAT THE TEST
SET IS NOT GENERATING ANY MORE!

6.2.4 VT Ratio manual test execution

In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel, and keep it pressed. The screen displays the applied voltage and the
corresponding secondary voltage.

When you want to stop, if you want to discard the result, just release the START
button: the test terminates. If you are pleased with the values you are reading,

press the button “Keep Values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the
test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 154 of 305

6.2.6 VT Ratio: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to measure
the ratio opening the VT secondary side.

1. Main page. Select Voltage Transformer.

2. VT tests. Select Ratio.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 155 of 305

3. Test parameters. Program the test voltage.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “VT Ratio” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 156 of 305

6.3 VT RATIO, ELECTRONIC

Purpose of the test is to measure the actual VT ratio and to verify its polarity. This
test is performed applying voltage to the primary side, and measuring the
secondary voltage. The difference between a standard VT and an electronic VT is
that the latter has a much reduced secondary voltage, in the range of few volts.

The selection is available on STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

6.3.1 Safety of the VT Ratio electronic test


In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the VT primary side. The
test is very dangerous, not only because a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is involved,
but also because the VT neutral is solid grounded: touching one wire means to be
submitted to the high voltage.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

6.3.2 The VT Ratio electronic test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 157 of 305

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· The nominal primary voltage, in kV, that can be Line to Line or Line to
Neutral.
· The nominal secondary voltage, in V, that can be: Line to Line, Line to
Neutral or Open Delta.
· The program displays the nominal ratio, given the primary and secondary
voltages.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 158 of 305

b) Test values

· Test set voltage output range: 500 V, 1 kV or 2 kV.


· Test voltage: for MV and HV VT’s select 2 kV.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.
NOTE: in this test, the secondary voltage is connected to the 3 V input.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

· Primary voltage actually generated during the test;


· Corresponding secondary voltage;
· The phase shift between the secondary and the primary voltage, the
latter being the reference for the phase angle measurement. The angle
range is from 0° to 360°: a negative angle (inductive burden) ranges from
270° to 360°.
· The icon tells that you have connected the secondary voltage to
the test set. In some cases, the connection is impossible, while, may be,
you have the measurement available on another meter with just a
display: in this case, reach the icon and press the knob: it changes as

follows . This means that now the Secondary Voltage field is


editable: at the end of test you can type the read value during the
generation.
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d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Corrected V secondary. This is the value of the secondary voltage when
the primary one is exactly the nominal one. This is why this value differs
from the one in the measured values. This value does not change very
much when changing the test voltage.
· Polarity: it tells Pass if the angle error is within ± 15°; else, it tells Fail. If
the polarity is wrong, verify that connections are correct!
· Ratio: it is the ratio of the primary and secondary voltages, as displayed
in the measured values.
· Ratio % error. It is the above error, expressed in percent. The maximum
test set ratio percentage errors are reported in the following table, as a
function of the ratio value.

RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

A ratio error beyond the maximum accuracy error shows an error; the
typical reason is the wrong connection to the VT. Last possibility: there is
a fault in the VT under test; typically, an internal short-circuit of some
turns.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.
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· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .

6.3.3 Connection for the VT Ratio electronic test


The connection diagram is the following.

A a

Electronic
Voltage
Transformer

N n

In the schematic, the VT secondary is connected to the 3 V input, shown in blue.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high voltage cable is connected
to P1; the output S1 is connected to the red voltage measurement socket.

For the primary side connection, use the two high voltage connection cables, 6 m
long.
For the secondary side connection, use the shielded cable with connector. If
necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.
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6.3.4 Electronic VT ratio automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed. The following is a test result window.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.

BEFORE DISCONNECTING THE PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CHECK THAT THE TEST
SET IS NOT GENERATING ANY MORE!
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6.3.5 Electronic VT ratio manual test execution


In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel, and keep it pressed. After the same messages, as the automatic
mode, the screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding secondary
voltage.

When you want to stop, if you want to discard the result, just release the START
button: the test terminates. If you are pleased with the values you are reading,

press the button “Keep values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the
test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
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6.3.6 Electronic VT Ratio test: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to measure
the ratio opening the VT secondary side.

1. Main page. Select Voltage Transformer.

2. VT tests. Select Ratio Electronics.


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3. Test parameters. Program the test voltage.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “VT Ratio Electronic” test results only.
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6.4 VT BURDEN IMPEDANCE

Purpose of the test is to measure the impedance of the burden.

This test is performed applying AC voltage to the test item (winding or burden),
and measuring the corresponding current.

By burden we mean the series of all the wires and all the devices connected to the
VT secondary, as measured at the feet of the VT itself. The measurement is the
burden impedance (VA).

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

The current source for this test is the 70 or 140 V AC voltage output, which is not
regulated. The procedure used by the test set to obtain the desired test voltage is
explained in the Introductory manual.

The output voltage is metered connecting the voltage output to the test set
AC/DC voltage meter. The output current is metered connecting the voltage
output in series to the test set AC/DC current meter.

6.4.1 Safety of the VT Burden test


In this test we connect the test set 140 V AC output in series to the test set
current meter, and then to the VT burden.

The test voltage is not very dangerous; anyway, take care.


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6.4.2 The VT Burden test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

Input in the screen the following parameters.


· The nominal secondary voltage.
· The voltage definition: Line-Line, Line-Neutral, Open delta.
These data come from the nominal setting table: in case, modify the table.
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b) Test values

· Output range: 70 V or 140 V.


· Test voltage. You can program the nominal voltage, or a fraction of it;
not more.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

· Test voltage.
· Test current.
· Phase shift of the current with respect to the voltage, which is the phase
reference.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

· The burden, in VA, at the nominal voltage.


· The burden Power Factor.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 168 of 305

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .

6.4.3 VT connection for Burden test


The connection diagram is the following.
BURDEN

The VT secondary is disconnected. The AC voltage output is connected to the test


set current meter, and then to the burden. Remember to disconnect the VT to
the winding connection, else the result would be wrong!
2
Connections are performed using two pairs of the 2.5 mm cables, one red and
one black. If necessary, use the small crocodile clamps provided.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 169 of 305

6.4.4 VT Burden automatic test execution

Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed.

The following is an example of test result.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


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6.4.5 VT Burden manual test execution


In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel. The screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding
current.

When you want to stop, if you want to discard the result, press the START button:
the test terminates. If you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the

button “Keep values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is
stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 171 of 305

6.4.6 VT Burden resistance: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case, when you want to measure
the ratio opening the VT secondary side.

1. Main page. Select Voltage Transformer.

2. VT tests. Select Burden test.


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3. Test parameters. Program the test voltage.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “VT Burden” test results only.
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6.5 VT VOLTAGE WITHSTAND

Purpose of the test is to verify the voltage withstand, with respect to the ground,
of:
· The VT secondary itself;
· The VT secondary wiring;

The test set measures also the corresponding leakage current (typically
capacitive).

NOTE. This test is performed with AC voltage; so, it is not an isolation test as
per IEEE 62-1995, where the test is performed with DC voltage.

This test is performed applying the high voltage between the secondary cablings
and the ground, and measuring the corresponding current sink.

NOTE. It is also possible to test the voltage withstand between primary and
secondary, and between primary and ground; however, as STS XXXX reaches
only 2000 V; the test voltage is normally very much less than the nominal
voltage rating, so the test is not very useful.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

The output current is metered by the test set, with no further connections.

6.5.1 Safety of the VT Voltage Withstand test

In this test we connect the test set high AC voltage output to the VT connections.
The test is very dangerous, not only because a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is
involved, but also because one of the HV terminals is solid grounded. In fact, for
tests such as the saturation curve, the HV output is isolated from the ground; so,
touching only one wire is not very dangerous. Here, instead, touching one wire
means to be submitted to the whole voltage.

Besides, the HV goes from the VT under test to the place where relays are
located, and this can be hundreds of meters away. Make sure to protect all
connected devices against accidental touch!

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm with respect to all conductive surfaces, so to
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 174 of 305

avoid discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV
clamps shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something

goes wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off
STS XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

The HV is generated only while the START button is kept pressed: this is an
additional safety feature. The operator will have an hand occupied; however, this
is much safer than starting the HV generation, and then forgetting it in the ON
state.

6.5.2 The VT voltage withstand test window

Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.


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a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· In order to avoid damaging a connected device, it is possible to program


the current that should not be exceeded during the test. If this occurs,
i.e. if the load sinks a current more than Max IAC, the test is
automatically interrupted, and the operator alerted by a message. The
situation is usually caused by a short-circuit: check the connections!
· The test time, that sets the test duration (for instance, 60 s). When the
time reaches the maximum, the test is automatically interrupted.

b) Test values

· Output range: the test set has three ranges: 500 V AC, 1000 V AC, 2000 V
AC. Select the closest one to the test voltage, in order to reduce the
maximum voltage and the associated danger.
· Test voltage: the nominal test voltage.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


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· The measured leakage current, generated during the test;


· The actual test voltage.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The maximum current measured during the test. If a flashover occurs,
the peak current will be reported.
· The isolation impedance, that is the ratio of the above measured voltage
and current: the main component is the stray capacitance.
NOTE: we measure an impedance, and not a resistance, as we apply an
AC voltage.
· The test duration.

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection :

· Automatic. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and automatically stopped when STS XXXX get the result.

· Manual. With this selection, after test start, the test is


performed and the user can stop STS XXXX when he is satisfied pressing

the button “Keep Values” .


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 177 of 305

6.5.3 VT connection for Voltage Withstand test


The connection diagram is the following.

A
a

BURDEN
n
N

Connect the red HV cable to the transformer’s secondary winding, and the black
HV cable to earth and to the neutral transformer’s primary winding. The burden
must be disconnected,. The earth connection of the secondary winding must be
removed.

Connections are performed using the HV cables. If necessary, use the small
crocodile clamps provided, taking care of the isolation distances.
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6.5.4 VT Voltage Withstand automatic test execution

Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set front panel: as
the test is performed at high voltage, the following message will be displayed.

You have to turn ON the HV key , and press START again: the following
message reminds you that you are operating with high voltage: take care!

The screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding leakage current.
The display shows also the test elapsed time: usually, one minute.
The following is the example of a test result.
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6.5.5 VT Voltage Withstand manual test execution

In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel, and keep the button pressed. After the same messages as the
automatic mode, the screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding
leakage current. The display shows also the test elapsed time.

When you want to stop, release the START button: the test terminates, and
results are discarded.

If, during the test, the programmed maximum current is exceeded, the test is
stopped.

If you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep Values”

: as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped. Once the result is
achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then, express your
assessment, as explained.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


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6.5.6 VT voltage withstand: step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case.

1. Main page. Select Voltage Transformer.

2. VT tests. Select Voltage Withstand.


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3. Test parameters. Program the maximum test current (10 mA are safe), the test
duration and the test voltage.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “VT Voltage Withstand” test results only.
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6.6 VT POLARITY CHECK TEST

Purpose of the test is to measure the VT polarity. The selection is available on the
STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

6.6.1 Safety of the VT Polarity Check test

In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the VT primary side. The
test is very dangerous, not only because a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is involved,
but also because the VT neutral is solid grounded: touching one wire means to be
submitted to the high voltage.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

6.6.2 The VT Polarity Check test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.
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The window is divided into a number of lines.

1. Test values

On the Test values line you find the following parameters.

· The output range can be selected among 500 V, 1 kV, 2 kV.


· Amplitude: this is the peak value of a special saw-tooth waveform.
· The Detection must be performed with the PLCK Polarity Checker option.
· Timing. The output is generated intermittently. You can program the ON
duration, and the OFF duration.

2. Test points

On the Measured values line you find the following window.

There are three input areas.


· Location: input the test point name.
· Note: this is an editable note field.
· Eval: during the generation you can highlight a location and do your

assessment with the two buttons “Pass” and “Fail”.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 184 of 305

If you want to add a new location in the table, press the “Add test point” button.
Highlight the new line and press the knob: the “Edit row” window allows you to
input the test location, and a note. Continue until you have programmed all
locations you are about to test.

6.6.3 VT connection for Polarity Check test


The connection diagram is the following.

A
a

n
N

See section 4.7.4 for more details about the PLCK Polarity Checker option.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 185 of 305

6.6.4 VT Polarity Check test execution

Having programmed the test locations, and performed all connections, select the

first test of your list, then press once the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel: the test set starts generating the output waveform.

The waveform generation will continue until you press the START/STOP
button. Once the generation is stopped, you can evaluate or change the
evaluation done before (during the generation) per each location.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


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6.6.5 VT Polarity Check test: step by step example


The following guide refers to the test of one connection.

1. Main page. Select Voltage Transformer.

2. VT tests. Select Polarity Check test.


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3. Test parameters. Program the test current, the ON – OFF duration, and input
the location description.

4. Start generation. Press the button.

5. With PLCK, move to the points to be tested and verify the polarity.
6. Input the evaluations.

7. Stop generation. Press the button

8. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “VT Polarity Check” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 188 of 305

7 POWER TRANSFORMERS HEADERS


The first time you enter in this test section, or pressing
, the following window appears:

The program starts asking: PT description, Nominal Values and Tolerances. These
values will be taken into account during the test, and will be part of the test
report. The selection is displayed on the first line.

If you rotate the knob, you can reach the various parameters. As you are there,
pressing the knob you enter the field, which is highlighted in red, and you can
modify it.

In alternative, you can use the shortcut buttons located to the right of the screen.
The operation of these buttons is described on the right side of the screen: the
description changes according to the context. For instance, in this moment you
have the following shortcuts available:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 189 of 305

· Modify. Select a specific field, press this button in order to modify


it.

· Set as default header. The current header is saved in a read-only


memory sector; the operation is confirmed with the message:

· Reload Default Header. The default header, if any, is recalled and


displayed.

· Test. You proceed with tests selection.

When you enter a field to edit it, shortcuts change as follows.


Options are the followings:

· Clear text. The present text is cleared;

· Discard change. You can discard your changes, this restores the
former text.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 190 of 305

7.1 PT DESCRIPTION.
Pressing Header, the following window is displayed.

In this window you can input the references for the PT location and installation.
Don’t forget fields such as Manufacturer and serial number, as they will be used
to recover test results in the TDMS software data base.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 191 of 305

7.2 PT NOMINAL VALUES.


Pressing Nominals, the following window is displayed.

To the left of the central window, there are five selections: Windings, Bushings,
OLTC, DETC, and Oil.

7.2.1 Windings
In this part it is possible to input all parameters of the PT: phases and windings
number, nominal power and rated voltages, vector group, Tangent δ, and Leakage
Reactance.

7.2.1.1 Phases and windings number

The PT under test can be:

· 3-Phase , 2 windings
· 3-Phase , 3 windings
· 3-Phase , Auto
· 3-Phase , Auto W/ Tert
· 1-phase , 2 windings
· 1-phase , 3 windings
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 192 of 305

· 1-phase , Auto
· 1-phase , Auto W/ Tert

7.2.1.2 Nominal Power, Rated Voltages and Vector Group

· Nominal power. As you input large figures, the unit becomes kVA
· Primary voltage. Primary phase to phase voltage
· Secondary voltage. Secondary phase to phase voltage
· Tertiary voltage (3 windings). Tertiary phase to phase voltage
· Vector group. You can set the PT under test vector group

NOTE 1: in case of 1-phase (single phase) PT, vector group is not available.
NOTE 2: in the software and in this document, “Primary Side” always corresponds
to “HV Side”, and “Secondary Side” always corresponds to “LV Side”.

7.2.1.3 PT tangent δ

The tangent δ measurement has the purpose to verify the quality of the isolation
dielectric. In the years, the dielectric loses its isolation characteristics, for many
reasons: pollution, water contamination and so on. The capacitance and tangent δ
measurements tell how much is the degradation, and when a preventive
maintenance is necessary; for instance, oil replacement.

Here are input all data referring to the PT tangent δ characteristics. They are:

· The capacitance, between: primary (HV) and secondary (LV); primary


(HV) and ground (GND); secondary (LV) and ground (GND). In case of tree
windings, we have three more selections: primary (HV) and third (T);
secondary (LV) and third (T); third (T) and ground (GND).
· The corresponding tangent δ, between the same points.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 193 of 305

For more details, please refer to MIE13175 – TD 5000 APPLICATION GUIDE.

7.2.1.4 PT leakage reactance

In the ideal transformer all magnetic flux is linked from the primary to the
secondary side: the transformer impedance is infinite. In the actual PT there is
some amount of magnetic flux which does not link; this is particularly true when
the winding is mechanically distorted, because of the very high mechanical stress
caused by short-circuit situations. Purpose of the test is to watch these
geometrical distortions, by the comparison of the leakage reactance with respect
to the same parameter on the nameplate.

Here are input all data referring to the PT leakage reactance. They are the
followings.
· Three-phase equivalent: percent impedance and power loss, in W.
· Per-phase: percent impedance and power loss, in W.

NOTE: W loss cannot be greater than Nominal P * Z% (see section 8.5.4).


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 194 of 305

7.2.2 Bushings
With this selection, the following window is displayed.

Bushings are very important devices on a TP: their task is to take the high voltage
into the TP protecting frame, which is grounded, and vice versa to take out the
medium voltage to the line.

In order to avoid to concentrate the very high electric field on a single insulator,
bushings are made of a number of layers, which distribute the field on many
insulators. Each layer has a capacitance; the series of the capacitances is the
capacitance between the central conductor and the ground.

The connection to ground is performed on a point, called measuring tap. The


ground connection is removed during tests, so that it is possible to verify if the
total capacitance is changing over the time. The deviation of the capacitance with
respect to its initial nominal value is a sign of degradation of the insulation layers:
the preventive replacement of the bushing may be necessary. Consider that
bushings failure is a relevant part (10%) of the total PT faults.

There are two measurements to perform: from the center conductor to the
measuring tap electrode, and from the tap electrode to ground. Parameters are
the followings.
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· S/N: bushing serial number.


· C1n: central conductor to measuring tap capacitance, in F.
· Tδ1n: corresponding tangent δ, in %.
· C2n: measuring tap to ground capacitance, in F.
· Tδ2n: corresponding tangent δ, in %.

For more details, please refer to MIE13175 – TD 5000 APPLICATION GUIDE.

7.2.3 OLTC
With this selection, the following window is displayed.

Purpose of OLTC (and of DETC) is to regulate the voltage of the HV or LV side.


Consider the case of a long line feed by the LV side: the load current may
produces a large voltage drop across the line, as the current grows, also the
voltage drop increases and this means a voltage reduction at the line end.

To solve the problem, the PT has a number of taps, for example 10 taps on LV
side. The voltage between taps differs by some percent, for instance 2%. When
the current increases, if you increase the voltage on LV side, you can manage to
correct the voltage drop, and to keep the user’s voltage (almost) stable.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 196 of 305

OLTC and DETC differ for the way how they operate. The On Line Tap Changer
performs the tap change without stopping the energy flow, while the De-
Energized Tap Changer operates without current. It is apparent that the OLTC
performance is much better than the one provided by DETC; on the other side,
also the size, weight and cost of OLTC is greater than DETC. Consider that OLTC
cause more than 30% of PT faults; so, it is very important to check them.

OLTC operates with a sequence of steps, because the change between the voltage
at tap N and at tap N+1 cannot be performed neither opening the circuit nor
short-circuiting the taps. As very high energy is involved in the switch, the moving
diverter switch deteriorates with time. The test is performed measuring the
primary (secondary) resistance, which is the winding resistance plus the tap
changer resistance. The test can be static, but also dynamic, that is performed
while the switch is operating.

For such devices, the software provides the following fields:

· Present: enable OLTC settings.

· HV side: select if OLTC is mounted on HV side.

· LV side: select if OLTC is mounted on LV side.


· Serial number.
· Manufacturer.
· Model.
· Switch Time. Nominal time for a complete tap-change operation. It’s
important for the dynamic test. This is the time that the software waits
after the UP or DOWN command to generate the test voltage (see
section 8.2.7)
· OLTC Taps. For each tap, input its name and the corresponding voltage.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 197 of 305

7.2.4 DETC
With this selection, the following window is displayed.

For such devices, the software provides the following fields:

· Present: enable DETC settings.

· HV side: select if DETC is mounted on HV side.

· LV side: select if DETC is mounted on LV side.


· Serial number.
· Manufacturer.
· Model.
· Switch Time. Nominal time for a complete tap-change operation. It’s
important for the dynamic test. This is the time that the software waits
after the UP or DOWN command to generate the test voltage (see
section 8.2.7)
· DETC Taps. For each tap, input its name and the corresponding voltage.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 198 of 305

7.2.5 Oil
With this selection, the following window is displayed.

Selection parameters are the followings.


· Type of oil.
· BDV.
· Nominal capacitance.
· Corresponding tangent δ.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 199 of 305

7.3 PT TOLERANCES.
Pressing Tolerances, the following window is displayed.

Once tolerances are programmed, in the Test window the program computes the
test result percentage error. The test assessment will be “Pass” if the computed
error is less than the tolerance.

If you check All tolerances , then all tolerances will be


selected. If you don’t check all tolerances, you can enter the tolerance of the
parameters you want to test.

Parameters are the followings.


· Ratio: it is the transformer turn ratio;
· Resistance, in percentage. This is the result of the coil resistance
measurement.
The following parameters refer to tangent (δ) measurements.
· Capacitance: the tolerance refers to all capacitance measurements
(primary to secondary, primary to ground, secondary to ground).
· Tangent delta (or Dissipation Factor). This is a Multiplication Factor; the
measured value must be within ±(Tδn ∙ Multiplication Factor).
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 200 of 305

8 POWER TRANSFORMERS TESTS


EXECUTION
Once the Description, Nominal and Tolerances windows have been edited, you

can proceed pressing the “Test” shortcut. The following window is displayed.

Select the desired test: they are explained in the following sections.

8.1 MANUAL MEASURE

This window, and the associated tests, are identical to the ones explained in
section 4.1: please, refer to them.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 201 of 305

8.2 PT RATIO

Purpose of this test is to measure the actual turn ratio and to verify its polarity.
The test is performed applying voltage to HV side, and measuring the relative
voltage across LV side.
If this test is performed on a PT already installed in a plant, during the test all
loads must be disconnected.

NOTE: in the software and in this document, “Primary Side” always corresponds
to “HV Side”, and “Secondary Side” always corresponds to “LV Side”.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

8.2.1 Safety of the PT Ratio test


In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the PT primary side. The
test is very dangerous, not only because a high voltage (up to 500 V) is involved,
but also because the PT neutral is solid grounded: touching one wire means to be
submitted to the high voltage.

The danger comes also from the PT secondary side. If we would like to test, for
instance, at 2 kV, and the PT ratio is 380 kV//130 kV, at the secondary side we
would have 684 V.
This is why the common practice is to perform the test at rather low voltages, no
more than 200 V, on the high voltage side.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 202 of 305

8.2.2 The PT Ratio test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

a) Tap Selection and Nominal values

On this line you find the following parameters.

· HV tap number (see section 2.5).


· LV tap number (see section 2.5).
· The nominal primary phase-to-phase voltage. This value changes with
the HV tap number selection (see sections 7.2.3 and 7.2.4), if any.
· The nominal secondary phase-to-phase voltage (and also Tertiary, if any).
This value changes with the HV tap number selection (see sections 7.2.3
and 7.2.4), if any.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 203 of 305

· Vector group (in case of 3-phase PT).


· Computed Nominal Turn Ratio (see Appendix 1).

b) Test values

· Test voltage. The program limits the test voltage to a maximum of 500 V.
· Test frequency. Usually the PT rated frequency.

c) STCS

This part is dedicated to the test with the optional STCS automatic selector
switches (see section 8.2.6).

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following table.

· The first column shows the test already performed (green check).
· The second column indicates the PT phases under test and relative
connections; they depend upon the vector group (see Appendix 1).
· Vn HV (V). The nominal Test Voltage applied to HV side.
· I HV (A). The measured output current from the High Voltage Output.
· ϕI HV (°). Phase shift between voltage and current generated from the
High Voltage Output.
· V LV (V). The measured LV side voltage.
· ϕV LV (°). Phase shift between the generated HV side voltage and the
measured LV side voltage.
· Ratio. The measured turn ratio.
· % error. The computed percentage turn ratio error.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 204 of 305

RATIO ACCURACY, ACCURACY,


RANGE TYPICAL MAXIMUM
0.8 to 166 0.2% 0.4%
167 to 1666 0.25% 0.5%
1667 to 9999 0.3% 0.6%

A ratio error beyond the maximum accuracy error shows an error; the
typical reason is the wrong connection to the PT tap. In alternative,
there is a fault in the PT under test.

· The last column is the assessment (see section 2.5.4).

NOTE: Press the button “Scroll” and rotate the knob to scroll the Results
table.

8.2.3 PT connection for Ratio test (manual mode)


The connection diagram is the following.

H1
X1

X0
H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

In the scheme, PT is YNyn0. In case of other vector groups, please see Appendix 1.

Look carefully at the colours of the cables. The red high voltage cable is connected
to H1; the corresponding X1 is connected to the red voltage measurement socket.

This test measures turn ratio in all possible combinations of taps per each proper
A-B-C connection (see Appendix 1).
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 205 of 305

When all tests are performed for a certain tap combination, you should manually
issue a switch command to the tap changer, and select the new tap combination
in the program; then the test can be started again.

For HV side connections, use the two high voltage connection cables, 6 m long.
For LV side connection, use a pair of the 2.5 mm2 cables, one red and one black.

8.2.4 PT Ratio test execution (manual mode)


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all
connections, select the first taps and the first phases combination, and then press

once START/STOP button on the test set front panel: the test is executed.
This is the typical window during the test.

Voltage generation will continue until you press the button “Keep Values” ;
results will be stored.

Next, select the other two phases combination and perform two more tests. Then
select all taps one by one, and all proper phases combination, until all tests are
finished.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 206 of 305

When you have to change the phase connection, BEFORE DISCONNECTING THE
PRIMARY CABLES, PLEASE CHECK THAT THE TEST SET IS NOT GENERATING ANY
MORE!

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then, give
your assessment as explained in section 2.5.4.

8.2.5 PT Ratio: step by step example (manual mode)

1. Main page. Select Power Transformer.

2. PT tests. Select Ratio.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 207 of 305

3. Test parameters. Select the taps combination, the test voltage and the phases
combination.

Tap combination

Test voltage

3. Phase combination
under test

4. Test start. Press the button.

5. Press “Keep Values” .


6. Change phases combination on the same tap, and repeat operations 4 and 5.
7. Repeat operations from 3 to 6 for all taps and phases combinations
8. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “PT Ratio per Tap” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 208 of 305

8.2.6 PT connection for Ratio test with STCS option

H1
X1

X0 TAP CHANGER
H0 DOWN UP
X2 X3

H2 H3

STS EXT.
DEVICE
CONNECTOR
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 209 of 305

Once all necessary connections are done, the complete PT ratio test can be
performed automatically, the generated voltage will be forwarded to the desired
phase combination on the primary side and the secondary side voltage will be
measured accordingly (all connections listed in APPENDIX 1 will be done
automatically, accordingly with the vector group and the ). In case of a tap-
changer is present, is possible to drive the UP and DOWN tap selection commands
by using the two UP and DOWN contacts.

NOTE: the COMMUNICATION PORT must be connected to the STS EXT. DEVICE
connector before to switch on STS XXXX, otherwise STCS will not be recognized.

8.2.7 The PT Ratio test window with STCS option

Selecting the “Present” check box (reachable only if STCS is connected), the test
window become as shown in the following picture:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 210 of 305

· Auto-tap = None : the tap selection will not be controlled by STCS, the tap
combination in “Nominals” must be adjusted accordingly with the actual tap-
changer position
· Auto-tap = OLTC (or DETC) : these selections are available only if in headers
is declared the presence of an OLTC or a DETC (see section 7.3.2 and 7.3.4).
In order to properly perform the measurements accordingly with the actual
tap-changer position, the current position must be declared and accordingly
with the tap you want to test as first one. For example, looking in the
following picture, the current position is the number 3 and we want to test
the ratio from the position 1 to 11: pressing the START button, STCS will send
two DOWN commands and then will start the first test on the position 1. The
UP or DOWN contacts remain closed for “pulse time” seconds; the time
between the end of the command and the voltage injection is the “Switch
time” in OLTC or DETC header tab (see section 7.3.2 and 7.3.4).

· Auto-phase = None : the test voltage will be applied on the selected phase
connection (A, B, or C) and the induced voltage on the secondary side will be
measured accordingly (see APPENDIX 1)

· Auto-phase = A-B-C : for each tap-changer position, all phase connections


will be tested automatically.

NOTE: the maximum test voltage is automatically reduced to 300 V to avoid


damages of the STCS device.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 211 of 305

8.3 PT WINDING RESISTANCE

Purpose of the test is to measure the PT winding resistance (not impedance). This
test is performed applying DC current to the winding under test, and measuring
the corresponding voltage drop. All loads are disconnected.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

8.3.1 Safety of the PT winding resistance test


In this test we can choose to connect the 6 A DC current output in series with the
10 A current measurement input and with the PT winding, or to connect the 400 A
DC current output in series with the PT winding. The voltage across the PT
winding is taken back to the test set voltage meter.

The test current is not dangerous; however, there is a problem which could
cause a severe shock hazard.

The problem comes from the fact that the test of the PT winding is performed
applying a DC current; as the PT may have a big residual inductance, there is a
magnetic energy cumulated into the PT core.
Once the test is performed, THE CURRENT IS DECREASED TO ZERO, so that the
accumulated energy can be dissipated, and the core completely de-magnetized. If
the current flow is stopped by accident, for instance opening the circuit during the
test, the energy accumulated into the inductance would cause a high voltage
spike, that could be dangerous for the operator and the test set.
After the test, we don’t generate any more, but the presence of a residual energy
is alerted by the light shown below.

RESIDUAL ENERGY SENSED!


DON’T REMOVE CONNECTIONS
UNTIL THE LIGHT IS OFF

DO NOT REMOVE THE CONNECTION UNTIL THE LIGHT TURNS OFF! If you do, the
residual energy would cause a high voltage spike on the conductor you have in
your hands!
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 212 of 305

8.3.2 PT winding resistance test window


The following is the test window.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· The nominal winding resistance: this parameter is used to verify if the


measurement is within the tolerance.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 213 of 305

b) Test values

· DC current output range: it is 6 A or 400 A.


· Test current.
Resistance limits. Based on the voltage input accuracy and the test
current, the measurable resistance range is computed accordingly.

c) Measures

On the Measures line you find the following parameters.

· Actual DC test current.


· Voltage drop across the resistance.
· Measurement Voltage Input: 10V or 300V.

d) Temperature Compensation

The PT winding resistance is generated by the copper resistivity, which is very


much temperature depending (4.2 %/°C). Because of this fact, the resistance can
be not well defined; this is why, often, the PT resistance value is referred to a
given temperature; for instance, 70 °C, as this is the typical copper temperature
during operation.

During the test, the PT winding temperature can be far from the reference one;
so, the program allows to transform the measured resistance into the resistance
at the reference temperature.

The programming window for the temperature compensation is the following


one.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 214 of 305

The screen displays the following parameters.


· Temperature compensation. If not checked, the resistance is the one at
the test ambient temperature; else, the compensation is performed.
· The temperature can be °C or °F.
· Material: copper (CU) or aluminum (ALU).
· In the Ambient temperature, you should input the CT temperature
during the test.
· In the Reference temperature, you should input the CT reference
temperature, as indicated by the CT manufacturer.

e) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

· The measured resistance, that is, the resistance at the test temperature.
· The compensated resistance, if the temperature compensation is
checked: usually, it is greater than the measured resistance.
· Test time: the time of test (hh:mm).
· Deviation. The displayed resistance is the average of many
measurements in one second: the deviation shows how much
measurements is stable. The parameter is relevant because, as
explained, the current changes during the test as the consequence of the
inductance.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 215 of 305

8.3.3 PT winding resistance test connection


The connection diagrams are the following; the drawings refer to a primary
winding resistance test.

A) Output range 6 A DC

H1
X1

X0

H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

The PT secondary and the other two primary windings are not connected. The DC
current output is connected to the test set current meter, and then to the winding
(as shown). Also the voltage input is connected to PT bushings; to avoid
disturbances, use the shielded cable.

In this test, there is no problem about polarity.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 216 of 305

B) Output range 400 A DC

H1
X1

X0

H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

8.3.4 PT Winding Resistance test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel.

As explained before, the PT inductance opposes to the current flow. During the
test, the test set measures and displays the amount of variation in time as
Deviation. The following is an example of test result.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 217 of 305

Once the result is achieved, a discharge sequence is performed. As shown in the


picture below, on the screen is possible to see the amount of current is flowing
during the discharge; the discharge ends when the current is less than 100 mA.

NOTE: the discharge sequence starts automatically when the result is achieved,

and it starts if the test is stopped with the START/STOP button or the

EMERGENCY button .

In the end verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance, then express your
assessment as explained in section 2.5.4.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 218 of 305

8.3.5 PT Winding Resistance: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Power Transformers.

2. PT tests. Select Winding resistance test.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 219 of 305

3. Test parameters. Program the nominal resistance and the test current.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Wait for the complete discharge.
6. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “PT Winding Resistance” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 220 of 305

8.4 WINDING RESISTANCE – AUTO


8.4.1 Safety of the PT Winding Resistance - Auto test

This test has the same safety rules explained in section 8.3.1 .

8.4.2 PT Winding Resistance - Auto test window


The following is the test window.

To perform this test, the STCS option must be used.

The relevant differences between this test and the one explained in section 8.3
are that in this case all winding resistance measurements will be performed for all
tap-changer positions, and the results can be shown in a graph. The test window
subsections “Nominal”, “Compensation” and “Test values” are described in
section 8.3.2 .
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 221 of 305

Once STCS is connected, the following selection are available:

· Auto-tap = None : the tap selection will not be controlled by STCS, the tap
combination in “Nominals” must be adjusted accordingly with the actual tap-
changer position
· Auto-tap = OLTC (or DETC) : these selections are available only if in headers
is declared the presence of an OLTC or a DETC (see section 7.3.2 and 7.3.4).
In order to properly perform the measurements accordingly with the actual
tap-changer position, the current position must be declared and accordingly
with the tap you want to test as first one. For example, looking in the
following picture, the current position is the number 3 and we want to test
the ratio from the position 1 to 11: pressing the START button, STCS will send
two DOWN commands and then will start the first test on the position 1. The
UP or DOWN contacts remain closed for “pulse time” seconds; the time
between the end of the command and the voltage injection is the “Switch
time” in OLTC or DETC header tab (see section 7.3.2 and 7.3.4).

The button indicates that the measurements will be done on starting


from 1 to 11 and then repeated from 10 to 1 (the measurement on the
position 11 will not be repeated)

· Auto-phase = None : the test voltage will be applied on the selected phase
connection (A, B, or C) and the induced voltage on the secondary side will be
measured accordingly. If the neutral is not present or not accessible, what
will be measured is the total resistance between two phases.

· Auto-phase = A-B-C : for each tap-changer position, all phase connections


will be tested automatically.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 222 of 305

In the Results table there is the indication of which position is the start one and if
the measurement is taken moving UP or DOWN the tap-changer.

· START POSITION :
· AFTER UP COMMAND :
· AFTER DOWN COMMAND :

When all measurements are completed, pressing the button , the graphical
representation will be shown:

On the graph, the measurement are represented as follows:

· START POSITION :

· AFTER UP COMMAND :

· AFTER DOWN COMMAND :


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 223 of 305

8.4.3 PT Winding Resistance - Auto connection

H1
X1

X0 TAP CHANGER
H0 DOWN UP
X2 X3

H2 H3

STS EXT.
DEVICE
CONNECTOR
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 224 of 305

8.4.4 PT Winding Resistance - Auto connection with STCS BOOSTER


20A DC
H1
X1

X0 TAP CHANGER
H0 DOWN UP
X2 X3

H2 H3

STS EXT.
DEVICE
CONNECTOR

NOTE: to use this connection diagram, the output range DC 20A must be selected
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 225 of 305

The STCS Primary and Secondary side interfaces have two rows of connectors,
four red and four black connectors to be inserted in STCS as shown in the
following picture:

The red row must be connected to the POWER sockets and the black row must be
connected to the MEASURE sockets.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 226 of 305

8.4.5 PT Winding Resistance test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel.

As explained before, the PT inductance opposes to the current flow. During the
test, the test set measures and displays the amount of variation in time as
Deviation. The following is an example of test result.

Once the result is achieved, a discharge sequence is performed, on the screen is


possible to see the amount of current is flowing during the discharge; the
discharge ends when the current is less than 100 mA.

NOTE: the discharge sequence starts automatically when the result is achieved,

and it starts if the test is stopped with the START/STOP button or the

EMERGENCY button .

In the end verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance, then express your
assessment as explained in section 2.5.4. Then, it is possible to save the result.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 227 of 305

8.5 PT VOLTAGE WITHSTAND

Purpose of the test is to verify the voltage withstand, with respect to the ground,
of:
· The PT secondary, if appropriate;
· All the connected devices.
The test set measures also the corresponding leakage current (typically
capacitive).

NOTE. This test is performed with AC voltage; so, it is not an isolation test as
per IEEE 62-1995, where the test is performed with DC voltage.

This test is performed applying the high voltage between the secondary cablings
and the ground, and measuring the corresponding current sink.

NOTE. It is also possible to test the withstand between primary and secondary,
and between primary and ground; however, as STS XXXX reaches only 2000 V,
the test voltage is normally much less than the nominal voltage rating, so the
test is not very useful.

The selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

The output current is metered by the test set, with no further connections.

8.5.1 Safety of the voltage withstand test

In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the PT connections. The
test is very dangerous, because a high voltage (up to 2,000 V) is involved.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

This is the sole connection to be performed.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 228 of 305

8.5.2 The PT voltage withstand test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Nominal values

On the Nominal values line you find the following parameters.

· In order to avoid damaging the connected device, it is possible to


program the current, Max IAC, that should not be exceeded during the
test. If this occurs, i.e. if the load sinks a current more than Max IAC, the
test is automatically interrupted, and the operator alerted by a message.
· The test time, that sets the test duration. When the test time reaches the
maximum, the test is automatically interrupted, and the test is finished.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 229 of 305

b) Test values

· Output range: the test set has three ranges: 500 V AC, 1000 V AC, 2000 V
AC. Select the closest one to the test voltage, in order to reduce the
maximum voltage and the associated danger.
· Test voltage: the nominal test voltage.
· Test frequency: usually, 50 or 60 Hz.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The measured leakage current, generated during the test;
· The actual test voltage.

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The maximum current measured during the test. If a flashover occurs,
the peak current will be reported.
· The isolation impedance, that is the ratio of the above measured voltage
and current: the main component is the stray capacitance.
NOTE: we measure an impedance, and not a resistance, as we apply an
AC voltage.
· The test duration.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 230 of 305

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection

. The modes of operation are explained in the following sections.

8.5.3 PT connection for the voltage withstand test


The connection diagram is the following.

H1
X1

X0
H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

Connections are performed using the HV cables.

8.5.4 PT Voltage Withstand automatic test execution

Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set front panel: as
the test is performed at high voltage, the following message will be displayed.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 231 of 305

You have to turn ON the HV key , and press START again: the following
message reminds you that you are operating with high voltage: take care!

The screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding leakage current.
The display shows also the test elapsed time.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 232 of 305

8.5.5 PT Voltage Withstand manual test execution

In the manual mode, having programmed the test values in the window, and

performed all connections, press the START/STOP button on the test set
front panel, and keep it pressed. After the same messages as the automatic
mode, the screen displays the applied voltage and the corresponding leakage
current. The display shows also the test elapsed time.

When you want to stop, release the START button: the test terminates, and
results are discarded.

If, during the test, the programmed maximum current is exceeded, the test is
stopped.

If you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep Values”

: as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped. Once the result is
achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then, express your
assessment, as explained.

Then, it is possible to save the result.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 233 of 305

8.5.6 PT voltage withstand: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Power Transformer.

2. PT tests. Select Voltage Withstand.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 234 of 305

3. Test parameters. Program as follows.

4. Test start. Press the button. The test ends after the programmed test
time.
5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “PT Voltage Withstand” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 235 of 305

8.6 PT SHORT-CIRCUIT IMPEDANCE

Purpose of the test is to measure the PT leakage inductance, which is caused by


the leakage flux; that is, the magnetic flux inside the PT which does not link with
windings. An increase of the leakage flux is coming from windings movements
caused by the mechanical stress, especially when the load is faulty.

The impedance is measured applying voltage to some windings, and short-


circuiting other windings. The selection criteria is explained hereafter.

The test is performed applying AC to the windings under test, short-circuit the
corresponding ones, measuring the current flow, and computing the
corresponding resistance, reactance, inductance and impedance.

This selection is available on the STS 5000 and STS 4000 models.

NOTE: two short-circuit impedance values can be compared only


if the test setup in the two cases is the same. Usually the
nameplate value is measured using a three-phases generator;
STS is a single-phase generator so the measured values can be
slightly different.

8.6.1 Safety of the PT short circuit impedance test


In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the PT connections. The
test is very dangerous, because a high voltage (up to 500 V) is involved.

HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall


have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 236 of 305

8.6.2 The PT short circuit impedance test window


The following is the test window.

The window is divided into a number of lines.

a) Windings selection

The first line allows the selection of windings under test.


With a two windings transformer, the only selection is .
With a three windings transformer, selections are ,
and .

b) Tap Changers

On the Tap Changers line you can select the tap combination.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 237 of 305

c) Test values

· AC voltage range. We have two selections: 70V, 140 V or 500 V.


o With 70V or 140 V, the output is connected in series to the
current meter; voltage is measured from the 300 V
measurement input.
o With 500 V, just connect the HV output to the selected
windings.
· AC voltage test value.
· Maximum test current. The voltage output is adjusted in order to
guarantee .
· Nominal PT frequency: usually 50 Hz or 60 Hz.
· Test frequencies. The Short Circuit Impedance test performed at various
frequencies is called FRSL (Frequency Response of Stray Losses). This
special test gives additional information about mechanical problems.
When you highlight the test frequencies table, the window is the
following.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 238 of 305

To the left, there are four short-cuts:


· Add Freq. Add a new test frequency
· Delete Freq. Remove a test frequency

Highlight a test frequency and press the knob, the following “Edit row” window is
displayed.

You can enter the desired frequency.

d) Temperature Compensation

The test measures the impedance; so, the resistance is a part of the
measurement. The PT winding resistance come from the material resistivity
(copper or aluminum), which is very much temperature depending (4.2 %/°C for
the copper). Due to this fact, the resistance is not well defined; that’s why the PT
resistance value is referred to a given temperature; for instance, 70 °C.

During the test, the PT winding temperature can be far from the reference one;
so, the program allows to transform the measured resistance into the resistance
at the reference temperature.

The programming window for the temperature compensation is the following


one.
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The screen displays the following parameters.


· Temperature compensation. If not checked, the resistance is the one at
the test ambient temperature; else, the compensation is performed.
· Material: copper (CU) or aluminum (ALU).
· T meas: you should input the PT temperature during the test.
· T Ref: you should input the PT reference temperature, as indicated by
the PT manufacturer.
· K. This coefficient is used inside the correction formula of measured
resistance.

e) Per-phase or 3-phase equivalent.

With the following line is possible to select the test method and phases
connections:

The Per-phase test measures, per each A B C phase to neutral connection, the
short circuit impedance value of the connected phase-winding; the corresponding
“other side” winding (accordingly with Windings Selection combo-boxes) must be
short-circuited.

The 3-phase equivalent test measures, per each A-B B-C C-A phase to phase
connection, the short circuit impedance value of the connected phase-windings;
all the corresponding “other side” windings (accordingly with Windings Selection
combo-boxes) must be short-circuited.

See section 8.6.3 for some connection examples.

In literature this test can be called as “Short circuit voltage” because, from
another point of view, the goal is to find the voltage which allows the “other side”
nominal current to flow.
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f) Measures

When you highlight the measures table, the window is the following one.

Test results are the organized as follow:


· #. Test number
· f (Hz). Test frequency
· V (V). Nominal test voltage
· Imax (A). Maximum test current
· Vmeas (V). Applied test voltage
· Φ V (°). Phase shift of the voltage with respect to the current
· Imeas (A). Measured test current
· Loss (W). Power losses
· Zk (Ω). Phase impedance
· Rk (Ω). Phase resistance
· Xk (Ω). Phase reactance
· Lk (H). Phase inductance

On the line below, are displayed the following parameters (these values are
calculated with Nominal Frequency measurements only).
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 241 of 305

· Zk % meas. Measured percentage impedance; the percentage


impedance is computed from the following formulas
o Per-phase:

[ ] [ ]
% = ∙
10 [ ]
o 3-phase equivalent:

( + + )[ ] [ ]
% = ∙
60 [ ]

· Zk% Nom. Nominal percentage impedance


· Dev Zk%. Calculated percentage error
· Xk % meas. Measured percentage reactance
· Xk % Nom. Nominal percentage reactance
· Dev Xk%. Calculated percentage error

Highlight the table and press the “Add tests” button: the display shows a number
of lines to be performed, one per each test frequency.
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8.6.3 PT short circuit impedance test connection

The following example are valid for a YNyn0 vector group.

a) Per-phase method, phase combination A (HV output):

H1
X1

X0

H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

b) Per-phase method, phase combination B (LV output):

H1 X1

X0

H0 X2 X3

H2 H3
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c) 3-phase equivalent method, phase combination A-B (HV output):

H1
X1

X0
H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

d) 3-phase equivalent method, phase combination B-C (LV output):

H1
X1

X0
H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

In these tests, there is no problem about polarity.


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8.6.4 PT short circuit impedance test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel
the test is performed at the frequency no.1 first; then, it prosecutes with next
frequencies, until all frequencies are testes. After this, the test stops
automatically.
The following is the example of a test result.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment as explained in section 2.5.4.

Press the button “Scroll” and rotate the knob to scroll the Results table.

Then, it is possible to save the result.

NOTE: if in the column Xk % Nom you find the indication “>Zk%”, it means that
inside headers the field W Loss is wrong (see section 7.2.1.4). If in the columns
Xk % meas and Dev Xk % you find the indication “error”, it means that the applied
calculation returns not valid numbers.

When all measurements are completed, pressing the button , the graphical
representation will be shown:
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It’s possible to chose a column of the results table and plot the corresponding
values see the trend with the frequency change.
The most relevant parameter is Rk, whose value should increase when the
frequency increases; due to the skin effect, the current flows on the surface of the
conductor, increasing the frequency the actual conductor’s cross section is
reduced, so the resistance increases. Plotting the three graphs, one per each
phase, they should overlap.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 246 of 305

8.6.5 PT Short Circuit Impedance test: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Power Transformers.

2. PT tests. Select Short-Circuit Impedance test.


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3. Test parameters. Program the tap combination, the voltage range, the test
voltage and the test frequencies. Then, Add tests.

Voltage
range
Test
Tap frequencies
Combination

Test Max Test


voltage Current

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “PT Short-Circuit Impedance” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 248 of 305

8.7 PT NO-LOAD CURRENT

Purpose of this test is to apply high voltage to the PT primary side and measure
the current that is flowing in the primary winding, leaving the secondary side (and
tertiary if it is present) opened.

8.7.1 Safety of No-Load Current test

In this test we connect the test set AC voltage output to the PT primary side. The
test is very dangerous, because a high voltage (up to 2 kV or 12 kV with TD5000)
is involved.
The use of TD5000 is explained in the MIE13175 TD5000 – Application Guide.
HV cables shall be connected while STS XXXX is powered-off. HV clamps shall
have a minimum distance of 20 mm from all conductive surfaces, so to avoid
discharges during operation. After connections, the area around the HV clamps
shall be isolated, so that no accidental contact can occur. If something goes

wrong for any reason, press the EMERGENCY button , and power-off STS
XXXX before getting close to HV connections.

8.7.2 The PT No-Load Current test window


The following is the test window.
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Only the primary side is involved, in “Nominals” are shown the number of phases,
the group and the nominal voltage of the PT primary side.
Two different Output Range can be selected: the 2 kV generator or the TD5000 (if
connected) to inject up to 12 kV.
The result table contains the measurements of each phase connection A, B and C;
if the check box “V Reference” is selected, the corresponding voltage will be used
to scale the measurement taken at the test voltage.
Repeat the measurement changing the tap and the graph will show the trend of
the current:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 250 of 305

8.7.3 PT short circuit impedance test connection

The following example are valid for a YNyn0 vector group.

a) Output Range 2kV (Connection A):

H1
X1

X0
H0
X2 X3

H2 H3

b) Output Range 12kV , Input IN-A (Connection A):


HV cable's shield

H1
X1

To STS EXT. DEVICE port

X0

H0
X2 X3

To STS External
Booster socket H2 H3
To STS ground
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 251 of 305

8.7.4 PT No-Load Current test: step by step example

1. Main page. Select Power Transformers.

2. PT tests. No-Load Current test.


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3. Test parameters. Select the tap on the primary side, the output range, the test
voltage and the test frequency.

4. Select the phase connection to be tested.

5. Test start. Press the button.

6. Select another phase connection or another tap and press the button.
7. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “PT No-Load Current” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 253 of 305

9 CIRCUIT BREAKER HEADERS


The first time you enter in this test section, or pressing
, the following window appears:

The program starts asking: CB References, Tandelta Nominal Values, Tolerances.


These values will be taken into account during the test, and will be part of the test
report. The selection is displayed on the first line.

If you rotate the knob, you can reach the various parameters. As you are there,
pressing the knob you enter the field, which is highlighted in red, and you can
modify it.

Located to the right of the screen you find some buttons. The operation of these
buttons is described on the right side of the screen: the description changes
according to the context. For instance, in this moment you have the following
shortcuts available:

· Modify. Select a specific field, press this button in order to modify


it.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 254 of 305

· Set as default header. The current header is saved in a read-only


memory sector; the operation is confirmed with the message:

· Reload Default Header. The default header, if any, is recalled and


displayed.

· Test. You proceed with tests selection.

When you enter a field to edit it, shortcuts change as follows.


Options are the followings:

· Clear text. The present text is cleared;

· Discard change. You can discard your changes, this restores the
former text.

Once the headers have been edited, you can proceed pressing the “Test”
shortcut. The following window is displayed.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 255 of 305

To the left, you have the list of the tests you can perform on the CB.

Selections in the middle and to the right allow creating the test plan, as explained
in section 2.1.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 256 of 305

10 CIRCUIT BREAKER TESTS


EXECUTION

10.1 MANUAL MEASURE


This window, and the associated tests, is identical to the one explained in section
4.1; please refer to it.

10.2 RESISTANCE - µΩ
Purpose of this test it to measure the contact resistance of a circuit breaker. It’s
important that the resistance value is very low, hundreds microohms or less,
because the heat produced from the load current must be as less as possible.

10.2.1 Safety of Resistance - µΩ test


In this test we connect the STS 5000 high DC current output to the main circuit
breaker contact, and the voltage drop across it is measured with one of the
voltage input. These connections are not dangerous; however, take care of the
high current.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 257 of 305

10.2.1 Resistance - µΩ test window


Once selected, the following window is opened.

a) Nominal Value

In the Nominal Resistance field must be entered the reference resistance value, it
will be used for the automatic assessment (see point d).

b) Test values

· Output Range: 6 A , 400 A , VDC (2 wire).


· Test current.
· Resistance limits. Based on the voltage input accuracy and the test
current, the measurable resistance range is computed accordingly.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 258 of 305

NOTE: using the output range VDC (2 wire), resistance limit will not be
shown; use this option if you need to measure resistances of some kilo-
ohms.

c) Measured values

On the Measured values line you find the following parameters.

The screen displays the following parameters.


· The voltage measurement input used.
· Actual test DC current;
· Voltage drop across the resistance. The icon tells that you are
using a test set’s voltage input. In some cases, the connection is
impossible, while, may be, you have the measurement available on
another meter with just a display: in this case, reach the icon and press

the knob: it changes as follows . This means that now the Voltage
DC field is editable: at the end of test you can type the read value during
the generation.

From these values, test set computes the measured resistance (see point d).

d) Results

On the Results line you find the following parameters.

The Measured Resistance come from the measured Voltage and Current DC (see
point c), the Error % is calculated using the Nominal Resistance.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 259 of 305

e) Automatic or manual test

On the bottom of the page you can find the automatic or manual test selection

. The modes of operation are explained in the following sections.

10.2.2 Connections for Resistance - µΩ test

a) Output range 400 A DC:

ATTENTION: you are measuring a very small resistance, the connection of the
voltage measurement must be as close as possible to the circuit breaker main
contact, otherwise you will measure even the resistance of other conductors
connected in series to the main contact who can be bigger than main contact
resistance only.
The 400 A DC current clamps must be very well connected on a cleaned surface in
order to ensure a proper generation of such high current.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 260 of 305

b) Output range 6 A DC:

c) Output range V DC (2 wire):

In this case the VDC voltage input works as a DC current generator and DC voltage
measurement unit at the same time; current magnitude is internally measured.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 261 of 305

10.2.3 Resistance - µΩ automatic test execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the test is executed. This is how the window looks like.

Once the result is achieved, verify if it is in the limits of the tolerance; then,
express your assessment (see section 2.5.4). Then, it is possible to save the result,
by pressing the save button (see section 2.6).
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 262 of 305

10.2.4 Resistance - µΩ automatic manual execution


Having programmed the test values in the window, and performed all

connections, press once the START/STOP button on the test set front panel:
the current is generated, and the voltage drop measured. The window is the
following one.

When you are pleased with the values you are reading, press the button “Keep

Values” : as you do, the values are stored, and the test is stopped.

You can, as usual, start a new test, or clear the result, or save it.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 263 of 305

10.2.5 Resistance - µΩ : step by step example


The following guide refers to the most common case.

1. Main page. Select Circuit Breaker

2. CB tests. Select Resistance-µΩ


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 264 of 305

3. Test parameters. Set the nominal resistance, output range, test current and the
voltage input.

4. Test start. Press the button.


5. Save. Test is over.

NOTE: save button pressed when you are inside this test window, will produce
a file with “CB Resistance-µΩ” test results only.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 265 of 305

11 TEST SHORTCUTS
On the main window you can find two icons that give the possibility to execute
simple tests in case you don’t need to link them to a specific test area like CTs,
VTs, PTs, or CBs.

11.1 CONTROL & MEASUREMENT

When you select this icon and press the knob, you open the Manual Measure test
window (see section 4.1 for use instructions).
Since no headers are defined for these tests, STS cannot store results in any result
structure; all saved results will be stored in a separated directory called “Generic
Tests” (see section 2):
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 266 of 305

11.2 MICRO OHMMETER

When you select this icon and press the knob, you open the Micro Ommeter test
window (see section 10.2 for use instructions).
Results management is the same explained in section 11.1.

11.3 TANGENT DELTA & CAPACITANCE

Please refer to MIE13175-TD 5000 Application Guide.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 267 of 305

12 SETTINGS

When you select this icon and press the knob, you have access to an area where
you can read information about STS, prepare some general settings and do STS
upgrade.

12.1 HARDWARE INFO

In this area following information are available:


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 268 of 305

a) Configuration
· Model. STS XXXX model
· DSP. DSP firmware version
· VARIAC. Amplifier firmware version
· U14. U14 FPGA revision
· U5. U5 FPGA revision

b) Options
Indication of which options are connected to STS XXXX.

c) Times
· ON. How long STS XXXX is powered on
· Generate. How long STS XXXX has generated in all its life.

d) Instrument Boards
Information about each board inside STS XXXX.

12.2 DIAGNOSTICS

In this area many internal controls are displayed: temperatures, boards supply
voltages and error history.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 269 of 305

12.3 SOFTWARE SETTINGS

12.3.1 General

· Language. STS XXXX interface language


· Line frequency. Set Line frequency equal to network frequency in your
country, nominal tests frequency will change accordingly
· Phase Notation. Set Phase Notation with the one you prefer, phases
name will change in the software accordingly
· Temperature given in.
· Date Format.
· Date and time.
· Force use of Protection Device for HV Tests. If selected, any HV injection
requires the Remote Safety Switch connected and pressed.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 270 of 305

· Warnings. Enable external warnings devices during the execution of the


test: buzzer, siren or strobe light.

12.3.2 Network

To establish the communication with PC, the proper Network Parameters must be
applied. When at least one parameter has been changed, the button “Apply
Network Changes” will appear. The reboot of the software is needed, it will be
done after confirmation.

12.3.3 Tandelta
Please refer to MIE13175-TD 5000 Application Guide.

12.3.4 Log
Here is possible to see detailed information about the operation of the
instrument, very useful to understand if there may be an internal fault or any
other error that may occur during the operation.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 271 of 305

12.4 UPGRADE

Firmware upgrades are freely available in the ISA WEB site, at the address
www.isatest.com

In the site, select the DOWNLOAD AREA; then, enter your test set serial number;
last, select Test Set Upgrades: here you find the list of ISA test sets. Select
Firmware STS 5000, download STSFW_1_x_x.exe (i.e. STSFW_1_0_4.exe ) in a
temporary directory and execute it, following the instruction messages: the
program extracts some files into the selected directory.

The upgrade of STS 5000 is performed using an USB key; so, copy the extracted
files in a folder on a USB flash drive, and insert it into an STS FLASH DISK
connector.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 272 of 305

Highlight the folder with the extracted upgrade files in File Explorer tree and press
the “Select files” button:

Press the knob on the file you want to select: it is checked.


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 273 of 305

If you want to select all files, press the “Select all” button : all files are
selected.

The “arrow” button allows coming back to the File explorer tree.

Press the “Start upgrade” button: all selected files will be installed; when
the upgrade procedure is finished, TURN OFF THE INSTRUMENT.

NOTE: before starting the upgrade process, please check if the selected files have
the correct version number.

NOTE. If the file STS5000_variac_xx.bin is upgraded, after the upgrade proceed as


follows:
· Remove the USB drive pen;
· Power-off the test set;
· Remove the power supply plug, for at least 30 s;
· Plug-in the supply;
· Wait at least one minute before powering-on again.

NOTE. Don’t power-on STS with the USB pen inserted: the Operating System
would search on it its instructions.

VERY IMPORTANT. The upgrade process is a critical operation, because we are


replacing in the test set the instructions which make it to operate! Actually, the
program has a core which allows the upgrade operation, and is not over-written
during the upgrade.

The upgrade operation does not take a long time; so, usually there is no problem.
However, if, unfortunately, the power supply fails while the upgrade is executed,
the test set is no more capable to perform a new upgrade. For this unlucky case
we have provided an USB key, which is clearly marked to be the recovery key. So,
if you have lost the power during the upgrade operation:
· Power-off the test set;
· Insert the recovery key and power-on;
· Wait until the usual screen is displayed;
· Power-off and remove the key.
· At this moment, the firmware is not upgraded; so, you can start the
upgrade procedure from the beginning.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 274 of 305

13 STS PRO SOFTWARE


13.1 STS PRO INTRODUCTION
The STS PRO software is a powerful application that provides connectivity with
the instruments of the STS XXXX family: STS 5000, STS 4000, STS 3000. These
devices allow performing tests of: CTs, VTs, PTs, CBs and almost all other power
devices of a substation.

The software performs various tasks, such as:


· Download stored test results via Ethernet cable
· Open and save results in the PC memory
· Print test results
· If necessary, edit the test headers.

This program runs under Windows© environment.

Note: Windows and Access are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

13.2 STS PRO USE: START-UP

STS PRO is a part of the TDMS suite. When you receive the test set, you receive
also TDMS disk. The procedure for TDMS installation is explained in user manual
MSE10015 – TDMS.

After installation, click on the TDMS icon : the following window is


displayed.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 275 of 305

Click on the program description:

The following window is opened.

The central part of the screen will hosts the test settings and results. Above it, you
can find the Menu bar and the toolbar.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 276 of 305

13.3 STS PRO: MENU BAR AND TOOLBAR

On the top of the window, the following list of commands are displayed:

13.3.1 File
Pressing File, the following window is opened.

13.3.1.1 New

The selection corresponds to the icon in the toolbar.


This function allows to create test headers for CTs, VTs, PTs and CBs test sections:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 277 of 305

For example, if you select “Power transformers” , the following window appears:

all fields can be filled with the required values, can be saved a header file and can
be uploaded directly in the STS memory.
A specific instrument configuration (for example, TD 5000 connected to STS) and
a specific notation can be chosen in General Settings (see section 13.3.3); these
general settings will be applied to all new headers or test plans.
If you open an existing header, test plan or results file, you can change the
representation of TD values with the following icons:

In case of a taps table must be prepared, the commands Edit – Insert – Add –
Delete tap are available:

· EDIT TAP :
· INSERT TAP :
· ADD TAP :
· DELETE TAP :
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 278 of 305

13.3.1.2 Open

The selection corresponds to the icon in the toolbar.


The program opens the standard dialog window: it is possible to select the file to
be opened.

It is possible to load previously saved test results. Test results have the extension
*.STS .
A result file contains the appropriate set of results performed with the
instrument.
The following is the example of opening a CT test result:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 279 of 305

With the two icon above the tests list (see picture below) is possible to visualize
either Headers or Results

The program displays the same windows as they appear on the test set’s screen.
Also the selections available on the program are the same; so, please refer to the
proper sections to know the meaning of each field.
NOTE: if you open a result obtained with Test Shortcuts (see section 11), the
Headers icon allows to edit the test headers.

13.3.1.3 Save
The selection corresponds to the icon in the toolbar.
Once pressed, the program opens the standard dialog window: it is possible to
select the directory where the file will be save.

When you press save, the file is saved, with the extension *.STS. The file can be
opened again, for further examination.

13.3.1.4 Print

The selection corresponds to the icon in the toolbar; click on the icon and
the following window is opened:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 280 of 305

· Print date and time of the test. STS XXXX stores date and time of each
test, select this check-box to include these information in the report.
· Include Notes Page. If you need to add some comments to the final test
report, select this check-box and write the comment in the text box.
· Change Report Logo. The selection allows selecting the logo to be used
on the print report. You can browse and find the desired logo. Note that,
in C:\XTEST\LOGO, you can find many companies logos.

Press Print Preview and the following window is opened:


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 281 of 305

This is the print preview of all results of the test plan. On the top is shown the
following toolbar.

· The first icon, , allows exporting the test report. Available file
formats: Chrystal report .rpt, Adobe acrobat .pdf, Excel .xls, Excel data
only .xls, MS word .doc, Rich test format .RTF.

· The second icon, , is the actual print command. The program opens
the printer selection window; after performed the selection, you can
print.

· The other four icons, , allow moving through the


document pages.
o First icon: go to the beginning;
o Second icon: move one page backwards;
o Third icon: move one page forwards;
o Last icon: go to the end.

· Next icon, , allows going to a specified page of the test report.


· Last icon, , allows zooming or un-zooming the image.

For each test of the plan is shown the result, table and diagram.

13.3.2 Test Control

The “Connect” selection corresponds to the icon in the toolbar; pressing


either “Connect” or the icon, the instrument will be connected to the PC (see
section 13.3.3 for further details). When the communication is established, the
window become as follow:
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 282 of 305

Now is possible to upload a test header and download or delete the results
stored in the STS memory. Selecting “Download” the following window appears:

Select one or more files an press “Download” in order to visualize them on the
PC’s screen.

“Upload Header” corresponds to the icon in the toolbar.

“Download” and “Delete” correspond to the icons in the toolbar.


NOTE: the function “Delete” will remove the selected results from STS XXXX
memory.

13.3.3 Tools

Pressing Settings, you access the test plan settings. The same access is obtained

pressing the icon . In the window four tabs are available:


MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 283 of 305

· General Settings. These settings are used to prepare headers and test
plans accordingly with a specific instrument configuration or a specific
notation. For example, if the option TD 5000 is selected, all the
parameters as nominal capacitance and TD values will be visible.

· Advanced Settings. Set the IP address according to the one in STS XXXX
firmware (default address is shown in the following picture).
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 284 of 305

13.3.4 Window

This is the list of the window which are currently opened: you can select the one
you want to bring to front.

13.3.5 Language

You can select the language of your country; if it is not available, the language is
English.

13.3.6 Help
Pressing the question mark, the following window is opened.

· ISA Web site allows you to open the ISA window. There, you can verify if
the firmware revision of your test set is the most updated one, verify the
software revision level, download the user’s manual.
· About STS Pro opens the following window.
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 285 of 305

APPENDIX 1
1 TRANSFORMER TURN RATIO: CONNECTIONS TABLE

Depending upon power transformer vector group, the turn ratio must be
measured applying the test voltage to HV side and measuring the induced LV side
(or Tertiary) voltage using a proper setup connection; connections per each vector
group are listed in the table below.

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

A 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

Dd0 B 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

C 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X1 X2

A 1

H1 H3 X3
Dd2
H2 X1 X2

B 1

H1 H3 X3
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 286 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X1 X2

C 1

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1

A 1

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

Dd4 B 1

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

C 1

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X3 X1

A 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

Dd6 B 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

C 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

Dd8 A 1

H1 H3 X2 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 287 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3

B 1

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X3

C 1

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X2 X3

A 1

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2 X3

Dd10 B 1

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2 X3

C 1

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A X1 √3
X0
H1 H3 X3
H2 X2
X0
Dyn1 B X1 √3

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

C X1 X0 √3

H1 H3 X3
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 288 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

A X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

Dy1 B X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

C X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1

A X3 X0 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1
X0
Dyn5 B X3 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

C X3 X0 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

A X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
Dy5
H2 X1

B X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 289 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X1

C X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

A X0 X1 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

Dyn7 B X0 X1 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

C X0 X1 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

A X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

Dy7 B X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

C X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X2
X0
Dyn11 A X3 √3

H1 H3 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 290 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

B X3 √3
X0
H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

C X0 X3 √3

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

Dy11 B X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

C X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A X0 1.5

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

Dzn0 B 1.5
X0
H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

C X0 1.5

H1 H3 X1 X3
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 291 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

A 1

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

Dz0 B 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

C 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X1 X2

X0
A 1.5

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1 X2

X0
Dzn2 B 1.5

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1 X2

C X0 1.5

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1 X2

A 1

H1 H3 X3
Dz2
H2 X1 X2

B 1

H1 H3 X3
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 292 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X1 X2

C 1

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1

A X0
1.5

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

Dzn4 B X0
1.5

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

C X0 1.5

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

A 1

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

Dz4 B 1

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X1

C 1

H1 H3 X3 X2
H2 X3 X1

Dzn6 A X0 1.5

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 293 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3 X1
X0
B 1.5

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

C X0 1.5

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

A 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

Dz6 B 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

C 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

A X0
1.5

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X3

Dzn8 B X0
1.5

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X3

C X0 1.5

H1 H3 X2 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 294 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3

A 1

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X3

Dz8 B 1

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X3

C 1

H1 H3 X2 X1
H2 X2 X3

X0
A 1.5

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2 X3
X0
Dzn10 B 1.5

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2 X3

C X0 1.5

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2 X3

A 1

H1 H3 X1
Dz10
H2 X2 X3

B 1

H1 H3 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 295 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2 X3

C 1

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A H0 X0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

YNyn0 B 1
H0 X0
H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

C H0 X0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

A H0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

YNy0 B 1
H0
H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

C H0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

Yyn0 A X0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 296 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

B X0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

C X0 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

A 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X2

Yy0 B 1

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

C 1

H1 H3 X1 X3
H2 X3 X1

A H0 X0 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1
X0
YNyn6 B 1
H0
H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

C H0 X0 1

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 297 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3 X1

A 1
H0
H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

YNy6 B 1
H0
H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

C H0 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

A X0 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1
X0
Yyn6 B 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

C X0 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3 X1

A 1

H1 H3 X2
Yy6
H2 X3 X1

B 1

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 298 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3 X1

C 1

H1 H3 X2
H2 X2

A X1 X0 √3

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2
X0
Yzn1 B X1 √3

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

C X1 X0
√3

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

A X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

Yz1 B X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

C X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1

Yzn5 A X3 X0 √3

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 299 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X1
X0
B X3 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

C X3 X0 √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

A X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

Yz5 B X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

C X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3
X0 X1
A √3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

Yzn7 B X1 √3
X0
H1 H3 X2
H2 X3
X0 X1
C √3

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 300 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3

A X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

Yz7 B X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

C X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X2
X0
A X3 √3

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

Yzn11 B X3 √3
X0
H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

C X3 √3
X0
H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
Yz11
H2 X2

B X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 301 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

C X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A H0 X1 √3

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

YNd1 B X1 √3
H0
H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

C H0 X1 √3

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

A X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

Yd1 B X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X2

C X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X3
H2 X1

YNd5 A H0 X3 1/√3

H1 H3
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 302 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X1

B X3 1/√3
H0
H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

C H0 X3 1/√3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

A X3 √3/2

H1 H3
H2 X1

Yd5 B X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X1

C X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

A H0 X1 1/√3

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

YNd7 B X1 1/√3
H0
H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

C H0 X1 1/√3

H1 H3 X2
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 303 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X3

A X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

Yd7 B X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X3

C X1 √3/2

H1 H3 X2
H2 X2

A H0 X3 1/√3

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

YNd11 B X3 1/√3
H0
H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

C H0 X3 1/√3

H1 H3 X1
H2 X2

A X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
Yd11
H2 X2

B X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 304 of 305

Vector WINDING CONNECTIONS


Connection KTR
Group HV (V OUT) LV (V INPUT)
H2 X2

C X3 √3/2

H1 H3 X1

1.1 How to read Transformer Turn Ratio connection table

a) Vector Group
Choose the vector group accordingly with PT under test

b) Connection
Rows A,B and C correspond to PT Ratio test window (see section 8.2.2)

c) Winding Connection: HV (V out) , LV (V input)

· “YNd11 Connection C” example:

H2 X2

H0 X3

H1 H3 X1
MIE12175 STS FAMILY – Application Guide – Rev 1.1.1 Pag. 305 of 305

· “Yd11 Connection A” example:

Short Circuit

H2 X2
X3

H1 H3 X1

d) KTR
This coefficient is applied for the correct turn ratio measurement. The formula is:

= ∙

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