Measures of Position

LESSON
The Quartile of Ungrouped Data

The quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into four equal
parts. Twenty-five percent (25%) of the distribution are below the first quartile, fifty
percent (50%) are below the second quartile, and seventy-five percent (75%) are
below the third quartile. Q1 is called the lower quartile and Q3 is the upper quartile.
Q1<Q2<Q3, where Q2 is nothing but the median. The difference between Q3 and Q1 is
the interquartile range.
Since the second quartile is equal to the median, the steps in the computation
of median by identifying the median class is the same as the steps in identifying the
Q1 class and the Q3 class.
Q1 Q2 Q3
a. 25% of the data has a value ≤ Q1

b. 50% of the data has a value ≤ 𝑋̃ or Q2
c. 75% of the data has a value ≤ Q3
Example 1
During the month of August, Dr. Cruz recorded the number of COVID-19
recovered patients who came out of the hospital each day. The results are 14, 10,
12, 9, 17, 5, 8, 9, 14, 10, and 11. Find the lower quartile and upper quartile of the
data.
Solution:
 In increasing order, the data are 5, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 14, 14, 17
 The least value in the data is 5 and the greatest value in the data is 17.
 The middle value in the data is 10.
 The lower quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the least
value in the data set.
 So, the lower quartile is 9.
 The upper quartile is the value that is between the middle value and the
greatest value in the data set.
 So, the upper quartile is 14.
Example 2
Find the average of the lower quartile and the upper quartile of the data.
Day Total Number of Infected Person in Each Day

Day 1 290
Day 2 370
Day 3 260
Day 4 180
Day 5 430
Solution:
 In increasing order, the data are 180, 260, 290, 370, 430.
 The least value of the data is 180 and the greatest value of the data is 430.
 The middle value of the data is 290.
 The lower quartile is the value that is between the least value and the middle
value.
 So, the lower quartile is 260.
 The upper quartile is the value that is between the greatest value and the
middle value.
 So, the upper quartile is 370.
 The average of the lower quartile and the upper quartile is equal to 315.
Example 3
Mendenhall and Sincich Method. Using Statistics for Engineering and the
Sciences, define a different method of finding quartile values. To apply their method
on the data set with n elements, first calculate:
Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q 1 = 1 (n + 1)

4
and round to the nearest integer. If L falls halfway between two integers, round up.
The Lth element is the lower quartile value (Q1).
Next calculate:
Upper quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = 3 (n + 1)

4
and round to the nearest integer. If U falls halfway between two integers, round
down. The Uth element is the upper quartile value (Q 3).
So for our example data set:
{1, 3, 7, 7, 16, 21, 27, 30, 31} and n = 9.
To find Q1, locate its position using the formula 1 (n + 1) and round off to
4
the nearest integer.
Position of Q1= 1 (n + 1)
4
Q1= 1 (9 + 1)
4
Q1= 1 (10)
4
Q1= 2.5
The computed value of 2.5 becomes 3 after rounding up. The lower quartile value
(Q1) is the 3rd data element, so Q1 = 7. Similarly:
4
Q3= 3 (9 + 1)
4
Q3= 3 (10)
4
Q3= 7.5
The computed value of 7.5 becomes 7 after rounding down. The upper quartile
value (Q3) is the 7th data element, so Q3 = 27.
Example 4
Find the first quartile (Q 1), second quartile (Q 2), and the third quartile (Q 3),
given the scores of 10 students in their Mathematics activity using Linear
Interpolation.
1 27 16 7 31 7 30 3 21
Solution:
a. First, arrange the scores in increasing order.
1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31
b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.
4
Q1= 1 (9 + 1)
4
Q1= 1 (10)
4
Q1= 2.5
Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 1st quartile.
Steps of Interpolation
Step 1: Subtract the 2nd data from the 3rd data.
7–3=4
Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the second step
(Position of Q1).
4 (0.5) = 2
Step 3: Add the result in step 2, to the 2nd or smaller number.
3+2=5
Therefore, the value of Q1 = 5.
Solution:
a. First, arrange the scores in increasing order.
1 3 7 7 16 21 27 30 31
b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.
4
Q3= 3 (9 + 1)
4
Q3= 3 (10)
4
Q3= 7.5
Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.
c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 3rd quartile.

Steps of Interpolation
Step 1: Subtract the 7th data from the 8th data.
30 – 27 = 3
Step 2: Multiply the result by the decimal part obtained in the third step
(Position of Q3).
3 (0.5) = 1.5
Step 3: Add the result in step 2, 1.5, to the 7th or smaller number.
27 + 1.5 = 28.5
Therefore, the value of Q3 = 28.5
Note: As we can see, these methods sometimes (but no always) produce the same results.
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE
Given set 𝐴 = {15, 19, 23, 25, 37, 39, 43}. Find the following
a. lower quartile
b. upper quartile
c. interquartile range of the data set
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING

In a mathematics class, the scores of 10 students in their Mathematics
are the following:
4 9 7 14 10 8 12 15 6 11
Find the first quartile (Q1), second quartile (Q2) and the third quartile (Q3),
using Linear Interpolation.
ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF
Direction: Find the lower and upper quartiles of the death cases using Linear
Interpolation.
(Data based on cases reported with official results and verified to be Pasig City
residents as of August 27, 2020)
WRAP–UP
Quartile of Ungrouped Data

Quartiles are the score points which divide a distribution into four equal parts.
To compute for quartiles use Mendenhall and Sincich Method.
Position of Qk= 𝑘 (n + 1)
4
VALUING
Reflection: (Journal Writing)
Every academic year is subdivided into four quarters. List down some
reasons why subdivision of academic year is necessary.
POSTTEST
Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. What is the Q1 in the set 44, 21, 59, 64, 74, 57, 69, 38, 40, 27, and 81?
A. 27 B. 38 C. 40 D. 44
2. Find the median in the set of scores: 121, 112, 102, 108, 106, 116
A. 106 B. 108 C. 110 D. 116

3. The interquartile range of the set of scores 111, 102, 92, 98, 96, 107, and 84
is .
A. 6 B. 15 C. 198 D. 199
4. In the set 13, 11, 10, 12, 14, 9, 11, 8, 11, 7, and 10 the upper quartile is
A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14
5. Using Linear Interpolation, what is the position of the third quartile in the
set 3, 6, 5, 4, 2, 4, 3, 2, 6, and 2?
A. 6th B. 7th C. 8th D. 9th

REFERENCES
Callanta, Melvin. et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 10.

Pasig City, Metro Manila: Department of Education.,
2015
Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza., E – Math 10:

Worktext in Mathematics.
Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2017
Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza., E – Math 7:

Worktext in Mathematics.
Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2015
Pasig PIO post about the number of Covid-19 cases in Pasig

City.
https://www.facebook.com/PasigPIO/photos/pcb.18
07761849382925/180 7761402716303 (accessed
August 27, 2020).

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LESSON

The Quartile of Ungrouped Data

a. 25% of the data has a value ≤ Q1

Day Total Number of Infected Person in Each Day

Lower Quartile (L) = Position of Q 1 = 1 (n + 1)

Upper quartile (U) = Position of Q3 = 3 (n + 1)

Since the result is a decimal number, interpolation is needed.

Therefore, the value of Q1 = 5.

b. Second, locate the position of the score in the distribution.

c. Third, interpolate the value to obtain the 3rd quartile.

ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

Quartile of Ungrouped Data

Direction: Write the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

A. 106 B. 108 C. 110 D. 116

A. 6th B. 7th C. 8th D. 9th

Callanta, Melvin. et al., Mathematics Learner’s Module 10.

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza., E – Math 10:

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza., E – Math 7:

Pasig PIO post about the number of Covid-19 cases in Pasig

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