Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Chapter 3
- Equilibrium conditions
- Equation of equilibrium
- Statically determinacy
Introduction
A) Equilibrium Condition:
A rigid body is said to be in equilibrium if it remains at rest if
originally at rest, or has a constant velocity if originally in motion.
A body is said to be in equilibrium when the resultant of all forces
acting on it is zero.(R = 0, and M = 0)
B) Free-Body Diagram(FBD):
A drawing that shows the body with all forces that act on it.
Reactions at Supports:
If a support prevent the translation of a body in a given direction,
then a force is developed on the body in that direction.
If rotation is prevented ,a couple moment is exerted on the body.
Introduction
For a rigid body in static equilibrium, the external forces and
moments are balanced and will impart no translational or rotational
motion to the body.
The necessary and sufficient condition for the static equilibrium of a
body are that the resultant force and couple from all external forces
form a system equivalent to zero,
Fx 0 Fy 0 Fz 0
Mx 0 My 0 Mz 0
- Stable
Equilibrium - Neural
- Unstable
Example of equilibrium
Force Components:
2) Show all forces and couple moments: identify all the known and unknown external
forces and couple moments acting on the body. External forces due to
- applied load
3) Identify each loading and give dimensions: the forces and couple moments that are
known should be labeled with their proper magnitude and directions.
Equilibrium in 2D
Free body diagram
1- Define the particular body and its system (Boundary conditions, Support)
Apply the algebraic sign due to the sense of the force and the directions of the
coordinate system (right hand rule).
Pin Support
Fixed Support(Built-in)
Roller Support – 1 Reaction Force Fy
Example of roller support
Example of roller support
Pin Connection – 2 Reaction Forces Fx, Fy
Example of pin support
Symbol
degree of freedom
Example of pin support
Fixed Support – 3 Reactions Fx, Fy, M
Example of fixed support
Symbol
0 degree of freedom
Example of fixed support
Free body diagram – Boundary Conditions
Free body diagram – Boundary Conditions con…
Free body diagram – Boundary Conditions con…
Free body diagram – Boundary Conditions con…
Examples of FBD in 2D
Examples of FBD in 2D con…
Examples of FBD in 2D con…
C) Equation of equilibrium in 2D
assumption of
positive sense of
forces (tensile)!
Solution con…
) write the equilibrium equations
∑Fx = 0
∑Fy = 0
∑M = 0
) Determine the unknowns (the reaction forces)
∑Fy = 0, : F1 sinθ - F = 0 → F1 = F/sinθ
F1 = 6.0 kN
F2= F –F1 = -5.2kN
) Verify the solutions
F + F1 + F2 = 0……..OK!
Example 3.2
• Determine the horizontal and vertical components of reaction on the
member at the pin A, and the normal reaction at the roller B in
Fig.a.
Solution
• Free-Body Diagram. The free body diagram is shown if b. The pin at A
exerts two components of reaction on the member, Ax and Ay.
(Ax =268 lb and Ay = 2861b ) Ans
Example 3.3
A fixed crane has a mass of 1000 kg and is used to lift a 2400 kg crate.
It is held in place by a pin at A and a rocker at B. The center of gravity
of the crane is located at G. Determine the components of the
reactions at A and B.
Solution
reate the free-body diagram.
Fx 0 : Ax B 0
Ax 107.1 kN
etermine B by solving the equation
or the sum of the moments Fy 0 : Ay 9.81 kN 23.5 kN 0
f all forces about A. Ay 33.3 kN
Example 3.4
Example 3.5
Determine the tension T in the supporting cable and the reaction
force on pin A for the jib crane. Beam AB is a standard I-beam
with a weight of 93.2 N per meter of length.
Solution
1.Free Body diagram.
Weight of Beam: 93.2 N · 5 m = 4.66 kN
Solution con…
2) From the equilibrium equation determine the unknowns (the reaction forces)
Solution con…
Graphical Solution
Exercise 3.1
Determine tension P in the cable required to elevate end B of the beam
(weight 100 N) and reaction Ay.
→ P = 66.67 N Ans
Ay = 33.3N
Exercise 3.2
The student pulls on the rope so that the spring dynamometer B registers
76 N. The scale A reads 268 N. What is the weight of the student?
Six scalar equations are required to express the conditions for the
equilibrium of a rigid body in the general three dimensional case.
Fx 0 Fy 0 Fz 0
Mx 0 M y 0 Mz 0