1)What is Java?

A: Java is the high-level, object-oriented, robust, secure programming language, platform-

independent, high performance, Multithreaded, and portable programming language.

2) What are the differences between C++ and Java?

A:

Parameters Java C++

Founder Developed by james gosling at Developed by Bjarne Stroustrup
sun micro systems at bell labs
Platform-independent Java is platform- C++ is platform-dependent.
independent.
Goto Java doesn't support the C++ supports
goto statement. the goto statement.
Multiple inheritance Java doesn't support multiple C++ supports multiple
inheritance through class. inheritance.
Operator Overloading C++ supports operator
Java doesn't support overloading.
operator overloading.

Pointers Java doesn’t support pointers C++ supports pointers

Compiler and Interpreter Java uses compiler and C++ uses compiler only. C++
interpreter both. Java source is compiled and run using
code is converted into the compiler which converts
bytecode at compilation source code into machine
time. The interpreter code so, C++ is platform
executes this bytecode at dependent.
runtime and produces
output. Java is interpreted
that is why it is platform
independent.
Call by Value and Call by Java supports call by value C++ supports both call by
reference only. There is no call by value and call by reference.
reference in java.
Structure and Union Java doesn't support C++ supports structures and
structures and unions unions.

3) List the features of Java Programming language.

o A: Simple: Java is easy to learn. The syntax of Java is based on C++ which
makes easier to write the program in it.
o Object-Oriented: Java follows the object-oriented paradigm which allows us
to maintain our code as the combination of different type of objects that
incorporates both data and behavior.

o Portable: Java supports read-once-write-anywhere approach. We can execute

the Java program on every machine. Java program (.java) is converted to
bytecode (.class) which can be easily run on every machine.

o Platform Independent: Java is a platform independent programming

language. It is different from other programming languages like C and C++
which needs a platform to be executed. Java comes with its platform on which
its code is executed. Java doesn't depend upon the operating system to be
executed.

o Secured: Java is secured because it doesn't use explicit pointers. Java also
provides the concept of ByteCode and Exception handling which makes it
more secured.

o Robust: Java is a strong programming language as it uses strong memory

management. The concepts like Automatic garbage collection, Exception
handling, etc. make it more robust.

o Architecture Neutral: Java is architectural neutral as it is not dependent on

the architecture. In C, the size of data types may vary according to the
architecture (32 bit or 64 bit) which doesn't exist in Java.

o Interpreted: Java uses the Just-in-time (JIT) interpreter along with the
compiler for the program execution.
 o High Performance: Java is faster than other traditional interpreted
programming languages because Java bytecode is "close" to native code. It is
still a little bit slower than a compiled language (e.g., C++).

o Multithreaded: We can write Java programs that deal with many tasks at
once by defining multiple threads. The main advantage of multi-threading is
that it doesn't occupy memory for each thread. It shares a common memory
area. Threads are important for multi-media, Web applications, etc.

o Distributed: Java is distributed because it facilitates users to create

distributed applications in Java. RMI and EJB are used for creating distributed
applications. This feature of Java makes us able to access files by calling the
methods from any machine on the internet.

o Dynamic: Java is a dynamic language. It supports dynamic loading of classes.

It means classes are loaded on demand. It also supports functions from its
native languages, i.e., C and C++.

4)What is the difference between JDK, JRE, and JVM?

A: JVM

JVM is an acronym for Java Virtual Machine; it is an abstract machine which provides
the runtime environment in which Java bytecode can be executed. It is a specification
which specifies the working of Java Virtual Machine.

JRE

JRE stands for Java Runtime Environment. It is the implementation of JVM. The Java
Runtime Environment is a set of software tools which are used for developing Java
applications. It is used to provide the runtime environment. It is the implementation
of JVM. It physically exists. It contains a set of libraries + other files that JVM uses at
runtime.

JDK
JDK is an acronym for Java Development Kit. It is a software development
environment which is used to develop Java applications. It contains JRE +
development tools

5)What gives Java its 'write once and run anywhere'(WORA) nature?

The bytecode. Java compiler converts the Java programs into the class file (Byte
Code) which is the intermediate language between source code and machine code.
This bytecode is not platform specific and can be executed on any computer.

6) What is JIT compiler?

Just-In-Time(JIT) compiler: It is used to improve the performance. JIT compiles

parts of the bytecode that have similar functionality at the same time, and hence
reduces the amount of time needed for compilation.

7) What is an object?

A: Object is an instance of the class having the instance variables as the state of the
object and the methods as the behavior of the object. The object of a class can be
created by using the new keyword.

8) What is a class in java?

A: A class is a group of objects which have common properties. It is a template or

blueprint from which objects are created.

9) What is a constructor in java?

A: a constructor is a block of codes similar to the method. It is called when an

instance of the class is created.It is a special type of method which is used to initialize
the object.

Rules for creating Java constructor

Constructor name must be the same as its class name

A Constructor must have no explicit return type

(explicit return type: The constructor is used to initialize an object and it must have
no return value)

A Java constructor cannot be abstract, static, final, and synchronized

10) Differences between constructors and methods?

11) What is this keyword in java?

The this keyword is a reference variable that refers to the current

object

12) Why does Java not support pointers?

The pointer is a variable that refers to the memory address. They are not used in Java
because they are unsafe(unsecured) and complex to understand.

13) What is super in java?

The super keyword in Java is a reference variable that is used to refer to the
immediate parent class object.

14) What is method overriding and method overloading in java?

If subclass (child class) has the same method as declared in the parent class, it is
known as method overriding in Java.

In other words, If a subclass provides the specific implementation of the method that
has been declared by one of its parent class, it is known as method overriding.

Example:
class Animal{
void eat(){System.out.println("eating...");}
}
class Dog extends Animal{
void eat(){System.out.println("eating bread...");}
}

Method Overloading:
If a class has multiple methods having same name but different in parameters, it is known
as Method Overloading.
Example:
class OverloadingExample{
static int add(int a,int b){return a+b;}
static int add(int a,int b,int c){return a+b+c;}
}

15) What are OOPS concepts in Java?

A: Inheritance

When one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent object, it is
known as inheritance. It provides code reusability. It is used to achieve runtime
polymorphism.

Polymorphism
If one task is performed in different ways, it is known as polymorphism.

In Java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve

polymorphism.

Abstraction

Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction.

In Java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction.

Encapsulation
Binding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit are known as
encapsulation. A java class is the example of encapsulation.
16) What is final keyword in java?

Java final variable

If you make any variable as final, you cannot change the value of final variable(It will
be constant).

17) Differences between compiler and interpreter.

A: