Literature Review On Interaction Analysis of Building Resting On Sloping Ground-IJRASET
Literature Review On Interaction Analysis of Building Resting On Sloping Ground-IJRASET
Literature Review On Interaction Analysis of Building Resting On Sloping Ground-IJRASET
https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37907
International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)
ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429
Volume 9 Issue IX Sep 2021- Available at www.ijraset.com
Abstract: An increase in economic growth, as well as urbanization in the hilly areas, encourages the construction in the hilly
region. Considering this fact the engineers should assure the safety of constructions in the slopy region. To understand the past
attempts carried out on the constructions of the building on the slopy ground the systematic literature survey is done which
includes the parameters like types of the building suitable for hilly regions, slope inclinations for safe superstructure in seismic
events, types of safety measures recommended to assure the safety of superstructure and necessity of interaction analysis for the
constructions in the hilly region. The survey so carried out in the paper gives a fair idea about the research gap and thus
motivates researchers to carry out future research on the gap identified.
Keywords: soil-structure interaction; slopy ground; bracing system; literature survey; equivalent static analysis; hilly region
constructions.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Buildings on Sloping Ground
With the increase in economic growth as well as urbanization in the hilly areas of the world, the demand for the construction of
buildings on the sloping ground has increased. Buildings on the sloping ground are vulnerable to earth pressures and seismic
activities. Various places are categorized into various zones depending on the records of seismic activity such that any structure to
be constructed in that zone must be capable of withstanding the expected seismic intensity. The topographical features of the earth
also impact the seismic vulnerability of any structure built.
The occurrence of earthquakes is due to the movement of tectonic plates along the fault line. Generally, the areas having the rock
types such as trap rock or basaltic rock are more vulnerable to earthquakes. Globally Japan, Nepal, India, Ecuador, Philippines,
Pakistan, Mexico and some islands are more prone to earthquakes of severe intensity and magnitudes. In India, most of the north-
eastern parts and Himalayan regions confirming seismic zones IV and V are vulnerable to great earthquakes of magnitude 8 and
above due to the movement of the Indian plate towards the Eurasian plate at the rate of 50 mm per year. Guwahati, Srinagar, Delhi,
Mumbai and Chennai ranks the top five most earthquake-prone areas in India (Ref Fig.1). With the unavailability of plain ground in
the northeastern part of India, buildings are constructed on hills i.e., on the sloping grounds (Ref Fig. 2). According to some
researches, hills and mountains can reduce the power of earthquakes but they direct the earthquakes to certain localized areas
making the effects more powerful than that expected for certain earthquakes.
Fig. 1. Map Showing Indian States with Hilly Regions (Source: Survey of India).
Considering the above fact it is the need to analyses the structures built on the slopes more accurately to assure the safety of the
superstructure during the seismic event. Several attempts have been made to study the behaviour of the buildings on a sloping
ground of different configurations for seismic activities and analyze the responses. The seismic responses are analyzed by various
numerical modelling techniques and by conducting static analyses such as Equivalent Static Analysis and Pushover analysis and
dynamic analyses such as Response Spectrum Analysis and Time History Analysis as per the recommendations of IS 1893:2002.
The fragility curves are drawn to study and estimate the vulnerability of the earthquakes in a certain region. The systematic literature
review is carried out for the building constructed on the slopy ground considering the analysis types, types of building
recommended for slopy ground, soil-structure interaction and availability of soils strata in the slopy region etc in the following
subsections.
In the combination of step back and set back building the design and architectural features are combined and constructed.
Fig. 6. Building Frame with Long and Short Columns (Parikh & Shaligram, 2019).
Fig. 7. Structural Behavior of Short Column under Lateral Load (Parikh & Shaligram, 2019).
The buildings with no slender columns can avoid the short column effect in the building resting on sloping ground. This can be done
by adding ties to the long columns in the open ground storey.
E. Soil-structure Interaction
Generally, buildings are constructed on two types of slopes i.e., on hilly areas with hard rock strata confirming fixed base analysis
and buildings on sloping ground with different types of soil (Ф, c-Ф and c) confirming to flexible base analysis or analysis
considering the soil-structure interaction.
In fixed-base analysis, the type of soil does not affect the response and performance of the building whereas soil structure
interaction affects the response and performance of the building. Consideration of soil-structure interaction is significant for the
buildings constructed on the sloping ground with different soil types and stratified soils. Consideration of soil-structure interaction
shows significant behaviour in the performance of the buildings on sloping ground. The structures without consideration of
interaction system overestimate the forces acting on them and underestimate the responses from analyses. Thus by considering the
interaction system responses of greater magnitude and considerably fewer forces acting on the structure are observed.
Suresh and Arunakanthi (2014) carried out a 3D Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground and Considering
Bracing systems. The numerical analysis of the step back and step back-set back building resting on a slope is carried out in this
study. The dynamic responses of the building were calculated by performing the dynamic analysis using the response spectrum
analysis. Firstly it was observed that the step back-set back building performs well compared to the step back building. The study
also focused on the bracing system associated with building to improve its performance and infers that the bracing system offered
better performance than step back-set back building configuration (Suresh and Arunakanthi, 2014).
Halemani and Sreenivasa studied the influences of Bracing System in RC Structure on Sloping Ground under Wind Loads. The
bracings selected for the buildings mainly includes the diagonal brace, X-brace, V-brace and inverted V-brace. The numerical
seismic analysis has been carried out to understand the dynamic responses of the buildings such as displacement, storey drift, axial
shear, shear force and bending moments etc. The study reveals that the X-bracing and inverted V-bracing were showing better
performances (Halemani & Sreenivasa, 2015).
In 2016, Manjunath and Karthik carried out the seismic analysis of 12 storey RC Buildings on Sloping Grounds with Different
Types of Bracing Systems where the parametric study is carried out for various types of eccentric steel bracings such as x-Bracing,
Diagonal bracing, K- bracing, V-bracing and inverted V bracing for frame building resting on sloping ground with step back and
setback-stepback type configurations in seismic zone V and medium soil condition. The Pushover analysis is performed and the
performance of the structure has been evaluated. It was found that inverted V bracings perform well compared to other types of
braces. The study concludes that the use of eccentric bracings is an effective and economical way for building safety (Manjunath &
Karthik, 2016).
The seismic Analysis of 10 storey buildings resting on plain ground and slopy ground (200) Considering a Bi-Directional
Earthquake is performed. The building types included in the study are Set back-step back building and Step back building subjected
to Bhuj and Chamoli earthquakes and the response spectrum analysis and Time History analysis were carried out and the design
parameters such as Base Shear, Axial force and moments are determined. The study observed that the columns near the ground
attract higher moments, thus such columns must be properly designed to resist those higher moments (Paresh et, al, 2016 ). The
parameters such as variation of the base shear, mode period, storey displacement and storey acceleration, concerning the variation of
slope angle for different configurations of building frames, the attempt has been made to analyze G+10 RCC Multi-Storey Building
Resting On Flat Ground and Sloping Ground in the seismic environment. The response spectrum analysis has been carried out and
the analysis has been extended for comparative parameters such as different configurations of the building and study infers that the
short column was affected more during an earthquake (Likhitharadhya et., al. 2016). The effect of positioning of RC Shear Walls of
Different Shapes for the buildings resting on the slopy ground has been studied. To understand the effect the 3-D RCC building
frames with different shear walls such as straight, L, T and Channel shaped at the edges are modelled and the seismic analysis is
carried out to check the Seismic Performance of the Building Resting on Sloping Ground. The responses in terms of the base shear,
fundamental time period, roof displacement and member forces are observed. The study concluded that to resist the lateral
displacement with maximum base shear and reduced time period the straight type or rectangular shear walls proved to be the better
configuration (Pawar, al, 2016) In 2017 Devarasetty et.al., investigated the Seismic Behaviour of RC Building Constructed with
Different Configurations Of Shear Walls. They performed a seismic analysis of G +14 multi-storey building with core and edge
shear walls and symmetrical plan under earthquake zones-III in accordance to IS 1893:2002. Various parameters such as lateral
force, storey shear, storey displacement, story drift are determined and analyzed that the buildings with Core shear wall and Edge
shear wall gave nearly equal storey shears in all the storeys along with the height of the building at all earthquake zones. It found
that to minimize the earthquake effects core shear wall must be provided as storey drifts are very low compared to edge shear walls
in earthquake zones - III.
As the vulnerability of the set back buildings on plain ground and sloping ground are high, considering this fact, the attempt was
made to understand the mitigation of failure of such buildings under earthquake environment. The numerical analysis of the G+4
residential setback building located in zone V is carried out for the equivalent static force method, response spectrum method and
time history method and compared the results for various response parameters. The columns of setback buildings at the higher
slopes are subjected to higher bending moments so they adopted three mitigating techniques such as the OGS models modified
using shear walls, magnifying the OGS columns to 2.5 times of storey forces and replacing the OGS columns with RCFSTC and
found the use of RCFSTC in the place of ordinary RC column at OGS as the best way (Ghosh & Debbarma, 2017). The Analysis of
setback step-back 10,15 & 20 storied buildings resting on sloping ground ranging from 0°, 10°, 15° and 20° for zone IV and
medium soil is carried out. The study observed concluded that set back-step back buildings are better in performance in hilly regions
(Pawar &. Sohani, 2017).
The study has extended for the flexible base and observed that the load participation ratio in the form of base shear, storey drift and
peak storey shear was increasing for a fixed-width case and decreasing for fixed height case with an increase in the inclination
(Ashok, 2017). The 3D Non-linear pushover analysis and Response Spectrum Analysis were performed for zone III with fixed base
and flexible base condition using equivalent springs and their responses were recorded in terms of lateral displacement, base shear
and shear forces. The building is considered to be founded on a sloping angle kept at 27º to horizontal. The study gave inference on
the comparative response flexible and fixed base and stated that the from fixed base condition to the flexible base condition the
shear forces were brought down but the displacements increased (Kavya et., al. 2018). The vulnerability to seismic attack and
torsional moments developed in step back building are higher and stepback-setback building configuration is the optimum choice
for the selection on the sloping ground (Sawant et.al., 2018). Also, the introduction of flat slab impacts the dynamic responses of the
building rested on a slopy ground. The parameters like storey shear, storey drift, time period, lateral displacement were reduced with
increased stiffness on the sloping ground (Neelesh et., al, 2019). The seismic collapse fragility curves are developed for assessing
the relative vulnerability of buildings and evaluates the impact that affects the response of analytical nonlinear models of archetype
reinforced concrete moment frame buildings on a slopy ground. These curves estimate the vulnerability factor which is the
indication of the building failure rested on a slopy ground (Richa & Raghunandan, 2019). The seismic performance of building on
the sloping ground can be improved significantly by providing shear walls with different configurations since lateral displacement
and member forces reduce considerably in building due to the provision of shear walls (Dangi & Akhtar, 2019). Apart from shear
wall positioning the outrigger techniques also proves to be performance improver for tall building rested on a slopy ground
(Sundaresan & Suresh, 2019). The suitability of RCFST columns as a mitigation measure for plan irregular building resting on plain
and sloping ground are investigated. It is found that the performance of a midrise building can be enhanced by this technique
(Parikh & Shaligram, 2019). Buildings on the hilly terrain differ from those on the plain ground i.e., they are very irregular and
unsymmetrical in horizontal and vertical planes, and torsionally coupled as compared to those on plain ground. The bracings
contribute to minimizing displacement, maximum base shear and minimum time period for the structures found in a slopy ground
(Swarup & Parekar, 2019). Shear Wall Thickness and Reinforcement Percentage play a major role in the performance criteria of the
buildings rested on a slopy ground. For such buildings, the increase in the thickness of the shear wall the displacement and time
period decreased and base shear increased (Arpitha & Mohan, 2019). The same study was extended for irregular and regular
buildings and found that irregular set back buildings are more prone to disaster in the slopy ground (Deshmukh & Amankar, 2020).
A. The soil-structure interaction analysis in the seismic scenario for high rise buildings supported on a deep foundation system.
B. The seismic soil-structure interaction analysis of mid-rise building with stratified soil conditions at the several inclinations and
different stratified sequences of the residual soul at the hilly regions.
C. The development of the fragility curves for the different categories of buildings like the mid-rise and tall buildings for different
soil conditions for the different inclinations including interaction effect for regular and irregular buildings.
D. The development of probable soil combination and slope characteristic correlation with the height of the building for a holly
region construction scenarios.
REFERENCES
[1] Aathira Sundaresan, Abhirami Suresh, “Comparison of Building in Sloped Area with and without Outrigger”, International Research Journal of Engineering
and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 04 April (2019).
[2] Achin Jain, Dr Rakesh Patel, “Analysis of Building Constructed on Sloping Ground for Different Types of Soil”, International Journal For Technological
Research In Engineering Volume 4, Issue 12, August-2017, ISSN (Online): 2347 – 4718, (2017).
[3] Ajay Kumar Sreerama, Pradeep Kumar Ramancharla, “Earthquake behaviour of reinforced concrete framed buildings on hill slopes”, Conference Paper -
October (2013), New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia.
[4] Ajit C. Suryawanshi, V. M. Bogar, “Seismic Analysis of Building Resting on Sloping Ground with Soil-Structure Interaction”, International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 July (2019), p-ISSN: 2395-0072.
[5] Arpitha K R, Ambreshwar, Mohan K T, “Study of Shear Wall in Multistoried Building with Different Thickness and Reinforcement Percentage on Sloping
Ground”, International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (IJIRT), May (2019), Volume 5, Issue 12, ISSN: 2349-6002.
[6] Arun Kumar Y M, Nishil Alva, “Seismic Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames on Sloping Ground considering Soil-Structure Interaction”, International
Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering ISSN 0974-5904, Volume 08, Issue No. 02, April, (2015), pp. 165-168.
[7] Ashok. Ch, “Seismic Analysis of Step Back Structure on Sloped Ground”, International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology
(IJARIIT) (2017) Volume 3, Issue 6, ISSN: 2454-132X.
[8] Birajdar B.G, Nalawade S.S, “Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground”, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver,
B.C., Canada August 1-6, (2004), Paper No. 1472.
[9] Clayton P, Kam W. Y, Beer A, “Interaction of geotechnical and structural engineering in the seismic assessment of existing buildings”, (2014) NZSEE
Conference.
[10] Deependra Singh Raghuvanshi, Rashmi Sakalle, Dr Rajeev Arya, “Analysis of a Multistorey Building Frame for Lateral Forces at Sloping Strata Under the
Effect of Seismic Forces using STAAD Pro”, International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology (IJESRT), Raghuvanshi et al., 6(9):
September, (2017), ISSN: 2277-9655.
[11] Deshmukh S. K, Om Amankar, “Seismic Performance of RC Set Back Building on Sloping Ground. International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology (IJRASET) ISSN: 2321-9653; IC Value: 45.98; SJ Impact Factor: 7.429 Volume 8, Issue VII July (2020).
[12] Deshpande P. K, Vaibhav Shelar, “Experimental Study of Seismic Behaviour of Multi-storied Framed Structure connected with Viscous Fluid dampers and
Lumped masses”, International Journal of Engineering Research ISSN:2319-6890, (online),2347-5013(print) Volume No.5 Issue: Special 3, pp: 705-708 27-
28 February (2016).
[13] Devarasetty Venkatesu, Mallikarjuna Rao P, “Seismic Behaviour Of RC Building Constructed With Different Configurations of Shear Walls”, Venkatesu D,
et al, International Journal of Research Sciences and Advanced Engineering [IJRSAE]TM Volume 2, Issue 20, PP: 16 - 25, October - December (2017).
[14] Dr Parikh K. B, Jayant Shaligram, “Study on Alleviation of Seismic hazard in Irregular Building Located on Plain and Sloping Ground”, American
International Journal of Research in Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics ISSN (Print): 2328-3491, ISSN (Online): 2328-3580, ISSN (CD-ROM):
2328-3629, (2019).
[15] Fotopoulou S. D, Pitilakis K. D, “Fragility curves for reinforced concrete buildings to seismically triggered slow-moving slides”, S.D. Fotopoulou, K.D.
Pitilakis / Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 48 (2013) 143–161.
[16] Girish Chandra Joshi , Shailesh Ghildiyalb, Piyoosh Rautela, “Seismic vulnerability of lifeline buildings in the Himalayan province of Uttarakhand in India”,
International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 37 (2019) 101168.
[17] Hemal J shah, ”Seismic Time History Analysis Of Building On Sloping Ground Considering Near/Far field Earthquake”, International Journal of Engineering
Research & Technology (IJERT) IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181, (2014).
[18] Johann Facciorusson, Claudia Madiai, Giovanni Vannucchi, “A grade-3 method of zonation for seismic slope stability”, an Italian case study. J. Facciorusso et
al. / Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 36 (2012) 96–110 (2012).
[19] Kavya G. S, Ramesh B .M, Ramesh P. S, “Seismic Performance of Stepback and Stepback-Setback Building Resting on Hill Slope”, International Research
Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 05 Issue: 09 Sep 2018, e-ISSN: 2395-0056, p-ISSN: 2395-0072 (2018).
[20] Likhitharadhya Y R, Praveen J V, Sanjith J, Ranjith A, “Seismic Analysis of Multi-Storey Building Resting On Flat Ground and Sloping Ground”,
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 5, Issue 6 June (2016), ISSN(Online): 2319-8753, ISSN (Print):
2347-6710.
[21] Manjunath C S, Siddu Karthik C S, “Seismic Performance of R C Buildings on Sloping Grounds with Different Types of Bracing Systems”, International
Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology (IRJET), eISSN: 2319-1163, pISSN: 2321-7308, Volume: 05 Issue: 02 February (2016).
[22] Mitesh Suranaa, Abdelghani Meslemb, Yogendra Singh, Dominik H. Langd, “Analytical evaluation of damage probability matrices for hill-side RC buildings
using different seismic intensity measures”, M. Surana, et al. Engineering Structures 207 (2020) 110254.
[23] Mohammad Khandan Bakavolin, Ebrahim Haghshenas, Mohsen Kamalian, “Experimental study of seismic behaviour of two hilly sites in Tehran and
comparison with 2D and 3D numerical modelling”, Geotechnical Engineering Research Center, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and
Seismology, No. 21, Arghavan Street, North Dibaji, Farmanieh, Tehran, Iran (2011).
[24] Mohammed Umar Farooque Patel, A.V.Kulkarni, Nayeemulla Inamdar, ”A Performance study and seismic evaluation of RC frame buildings on the sloping
ground”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X PP 51-58 (2014).
[25] Mohd Arshad Mohd Mazhe, Prof. Sarang S Padmawar N, “Seismic Behaviour of RC Framed Buildings of Different Configurations Resting on Hill Slopes”,
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, Volume 07, Issue 04, (2019), ISSN (online): 2321-0613.
[26] Mojahid Islam, Siddharth Pastariya, “Analysis of building on Sloping Ground subjected to Seismic Forces”, International Journal of Advanced Engineering
Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-7, Issue-1, Jan- 2020] ISSN: 2349-6495(P) 2456-1908(O) (2020).
[27] Naveen Kumar S M, Vasipalli Vamsi Krishna Reddy, Supriya C L, “Analysis and Comparison of Step Back RC Frame Building on Sloping Strata and Plain
Strata”, International Journal for Research Trends and Innovation, 2017 IJRTI, Volume 2, Issue 9, ISSN: 2456-3315 (2017).
[28] Neelesh, Shivaraj Mangalgi, “Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Building with Flat Slab Resting on Plain and Sloping Ground”, International Journal of
Technical Innovation in Modern Engineering & Science (IJTIMES) Impact Factor: 5.22 (SJIF-2017), e-ISSN: 2455-2585 Volume 4, Issue 7, July (2018).
[29] Pandey A.D, Prabhat Kumar, Sharad Sharma, “Seismic soil structure interaction of buildings on hill slopes”, International Journal of Civil and
Structural Engineering (IJCSE) Volume 2, Issue No 2, (2011).
[30] Paresh G. Mistry, Hemal J. Shah, “Seismic Analysis of Building on Sloping Ground Considering Bi-Directional Earthquake”, International Journal of
Scientific Development and Research (IJSDR) April 2016 IJSDR, Volume 1, Issue 4, ISSN: 2455-263 (2016).
[31] Pawar S.P, Dr Pise C.P, Pawar Y.P, Kadam S.S, MohiteD.D, Deshmukh C.M, Shelar N.K, “Effect of Positioning of RC Shear Walls of Different Shapes on
Seismic Performance of Building Resting on Sloping Ground”, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 7, Issue 3, May–
June 2016, pp. 373–384, Article ID: IJCIET_07_03_038, ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 (2016).
[32] Fatale Swarup Sanjay, Prof. S. R. Parekar, “Seismic analysis of Step-back Building Resting on Sloping Ground Considering different types of Bracing
System”, International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology ISSN: 2455-3778, Volume: 05, Issue No: 07, July (2019).
[33] Raghavendra M S, Shilpa B S, Manjunath C Bhattacharya, “Comparative Study of Commercial High-Rise Building with Flat Slab by Varying Slope of the
Ground for Different Soil and Seismic Zone Condition”, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 08 August
(2017).
[34] Rahul Ghosh, Rama Debbarma, “Performance evaluation of setback buildings with the open ground storey on the plain and sloping ground under earthquake
loadings and mitigation of failure”, International Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering (2017) 9:97–110 DOI 10.1007/s40091-017-0151-3.
[35] Rahul Manojsingh Pawar, Sohani S. B, “Analysis of Stepback-Setback Building Resting on Sloping Ground”, International Journal of Scientific Development
and Research (IJSDR), Volume 2, Issue 6, ISSN: 2455-2631 (2017).
[36] Rahul Ghosh, Rama Debbarma, “EfFect of slope angle variation on the structures resting on hilly region considering soil-structure interaction”, International
Journal of Advanced Structural Engineering (2019) 11:67–77 (2019).
[37] Richa Tatoba Patil and Meera Raghunandan, “Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings Located on Hillside Slope”, 13th International Conference on
Applications of Statistics and Probability in Civil Engineering, ICASP13 Seoul, South Korea, May 26-30 (2019).
[38] Sachin Halemani, Sreenivasa. M.B, “Influences of Bracing System in RC Structures on Sloping Ground under Wind Loads”, International Journal of
Engineering Sciences & Research Technology (IJESRT), Halemani, 4(11): November 2015, ISSN: 2277-9655 (2015).
[39] Sachin Kumar Dangi and Saleem Akhtar, “Seismic Analysis of an RC Building on Sloping Ground with Shear Wall at Different Positions”, AIP Conference
Proceedings 2158, 020030 (2019).
[40] Sai Kumar K. S, Ratnam M. K. M. V, “A Study on Soil Structural Interaction of Multi Storied Framed Structure with Different Support Conditions”, IJIRST –
International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 3, Issue 04, September (2016) ISSN (online): 2349-6010.
[41] Satish Kumarn , Bansal V. K, “A GIS-based methodology for safe site selection of a building in a hilly region”, Frontiers of Architectural Research (2016).
[42] Sawant A.G, Ghugal Y. M, “Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground”, International Journal of Advance Research in Science and
Engineering (IJARSE) Volume No.07, Issue No.04, April (2018), ISSN: 2319-8354.
[43] Sindhurashmi B. M, Bhavani Shankar, “Seismic Response of RC Framed Structures Resting on Sloping Terrain”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 05 Issue: 05 July- (2018), p-ISSN: 2395-0072.
[44] Sripriya Arjun, Arathi S, “A Study on Dynamic Characteristics of RC Buildings on Hill slopes”, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), ISSN
(Online): 2319-7064, Volume 5 Issue 7, July (2016).
[45] Suresh G, Dr Arunakanthi E, “Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping Ground and Considering Bracing System”, International Journal of
Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) IJERT ISSN: 2278-0181 IJERTV3IS090871, Vol. 3 Issue 9, September (2014).