Effectiveness of Insulin Plant (Costus Igneus) Leaves As Tea On Lowering Blood Sugar Level
Effectiveness of Insulin Plant (Costus Igneus) Leaves As Tea On Lowering Blood Sugar Level
Effectiveness of Insulin Plant (Costus Igneus) Leaves As Tea On Lowering Blood Sugar Level
Filipinas, Phoelene Kaye1,2,3, Flores, Krizzia Kyla 1,2,3, Duenos, Francis Anthony 1,2,3,
Domingo, Jhon Paul 1,2,3, Garcia, Shierland 1,2,3,4
1
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
2
Senior High School
Antipolo Campus
Garcia, Shierland
4
February 2020
Endorsement Page
This is to certify that Filipinas, et al. are ready for Oral Examination.
________________________
Adviser
2
Certificate of Originality
We hereby declare that this thesis is our own work and that, to the best of our
knowledge and belief, it contains neither material previously published or written by
another person nor material to which to a substantial extent has been accepted for
award of any other degree or diploma of a university or other institute of higher learning,
except where due acknowledgement is made in the next.
We also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of our
work, even though we may have received assistance from others on style, presentation
and language expression.
Principal Investigator
Members:
Adviser
______________________
Date
3
Table of Contents
Title Page.........................................................................................................................................i
Endorsement Page....................................................................................................................... ii
Certificate of Originality................................................................................................................iii
List of Tables..................................................................................................................................5
Abstract...........................................................................................................................................6
1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................................ 7
1.1 Statement of the Problem........................................................................................ 8
1.2 Significance of the Study..........................................................................................9
1.3 Objectives of the Study.............................................................................................9
1.4 Time and Place of the Study................................................................................. 10
1.5 Scope and Limitation.............................................................................................. 10
1.6 Definition of Terms.................................................................................................. 10
2.0 Review of the Related Literature.................................................................................12
2.1 The Costus Igneus Plant.......................................................................................12
2.1.1 Anatomy of the Leaf........................................................................................ 13
2.1.2 Composition of Insulin Plant Leaves.............................................................14
2.2 Previous Studies in the Same Field..................................................................... 15
2.3 Tea-making.............................................................................................................. 16
2.4 Conceptual Framework........................................................................................... 16
3.0 Research Methodology..................................................................................................18
3.1 Research Design.....................................................................................................18
3.2 Source of Data.........................................................................................................19
3.3 Data Gathering........................................................................................................ 19
3.4 Data Analysis........................................................................................................... 20
3.5 Statistical Treatment............................................................................................... 20
3.6 Research Instrument.............................................................................................. 20
4.0 Results..............................................................................................................................22
4.1 Demographic Analysis............................................................................................22
4.2 Factor Analysis........................................................................................................ 22
4.3 Dosage......................................................................................................................29
5.0 Discussion and Conclusion............................................................................................ 30
5.1 Summary of Results................................................................................................ 31
5.2 Discussion................................................................................................................ 32
5.3 Conclusion................................................................................................................32
5.3 Recommendations for Future Research............................................................. 33
5.4 Recommendations for Future Practice................................................................ 33
Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................... 35
Appendices.................................................................................................................................. 37
Appendix A...................................................................................................................................37
Appendix B...................................................................................................................................39
Appendix C.................................................................................................................................. 40
Appendix D.................................................................................................................................. 41
Appendix E...................................................................................................................................42
4
List of Tables
5
Abstract
6
1.0 Introduction
Consumption of the leaves of the insulin plant has been claimed to achieve
glycaemic control and hence, the researchers plan to test an experimental study
regarding the effectiveness of the insulin plant as a component of tea to the glycaemic
level in the human body.
7
1.1 Statement of the Problem
1.1.2 What are benefits of the insulin plants on the human body, including its side
effects?
1.1.3 In terms of intake, how much dosage does it need before it takes effect?
1.1.4 Is there a significant difference of its effectiveness between age groups and
gender?
The researchers rest assured that this research is essential to the following
people:
Medical students. This study will be useful and can help medical students
venture out the different effects of insulin plant with regards to its manufactured
form (in this case, as a component of tea). It can also serve as a basis for drug
development and better composition on the tea manufacturing for future use.
People diagnosed with diabetes. This study can be helpful, for people who
have diabetes. it helps to regulate blood sugar levels. However, it must not be
confused as a full-scale alternative for diabetes treatment.
Future researchers. This study will present as a related literature for future
researchers, which they can further improve and strengthen the topic.
8
1.3 Objectives of the Study
This study aims to explore the effects of the insulin plant in the human body as
processed tea with regards to blood sugar level. To achieve this, the researchers set
out the following objectives;
1.3.2 to identify the benefits of the insulin plant leaves on the human body,
including its side effects;
The study for this research is conducted on Our Lady of Fatima University –
Antipolo Campus, and will be held between December 2019 – February 2020.
The aim of this study is to ascertain effectiveness of the insulin plant (costus
igneus) as a component of tea to possibly lower the blood sugar level of a person. The
aspects that will be looked upon are the acceptability of the experimented tea from an
evaluation of the respondents’ response, and the experimental subject results of an
observation to a controlled timeframe of their blood sugar level and dosage of intake.
The study is also not primarily specific only to diabetic persons and is not intended as a
full-scale alternative to lowering blood sugar level.
The whole conduct of the study is undertaken at Our Lady of Fatima University-
Antipolo Campus. A small group of respondents will only be accommodated by the
researchers, which is any people that may represent the school where the study will be
conducted.
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1.6 Definition of Terms
10
2.0 Review of the Related Literature
This section will discuss published information about the Costus Igneus Plant
and its effects that will help the support the research and serve as a foundation. It will
present arguments, previous research data and intellectual progressions.
The plant Costus igneus belongs to the family Costaceae, which is found in
tropical Africa, Asia, Australia, and North, Central and South America. In India, it is
cultivated in coastal area, Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka. In this area, people take
traditionally 2-3 leaves of this plant twice a day for the management of diabetes. It is a
prostrate growing plant with spreading, rooting stems. Its leaves are slender and lance
shaped with tooted, scalloped or lobed margins. They are grayish green stained with
red purple above and darker purple beneath. The tiny white flowers grow intermittently
throughout the year. This plant reaches a height of 6-inches and have an indefinite
spread.
11
root anatomy of these Costus species investigated seems to agree with the Tomlinson’s
(1956) reasons for supporting the raising of the genus to rank of family by Nakai (1941).
Cytology, phytochemistry of Costus igneus studies helps to clearly differentiate Costus
igneus from other Costaceae plant. Tomlinson (1956) outlined some diagnostic features
of the leaf, stem, rhizome and root anatomy in the Zingiberales as a whole but did not
specify how these could be used in resolving critical systematic problem as in the
presently investigated Costus igneus anatomical study. The proximate values show that
the protein content is relatively low but it can contribute to the formation of hormones
which controls a variety of body functions such as growth, repair and maintenance of
body protein. The relatively high carbohydrate content can be used as energy source
and also it is necessary in the digestion and assimilation of other foods. The moisture
and ash content are useful in assessing the quality of grading the plant and also gives
an idea of the amount of minerals present in the samples.
A study conducted by Chan, C. H., Ngoh, G. C., & Yusoff, R. with the aim to
provide general information on antidiabetic extracts based on relevant research articles
collected from 34 reliable medical journals, have found that leaves are the favorable
storage site for desired compounds and more than 35% of the plants extractions for
diabetic treatment can be obtained from these parts. This has also become the basis of
the researchers’ choice of part for the tea manufacturing.
The leaf is thin with smooth even surfaces, isobilateral and has no difference
between the upper and lower sides. The leaf has two layers of thin epidermal cells and
four layers of wide, tangentially oblong thin walled mesophyll cells. Both epidermal
layers have narrow, tangentially flat thin walled cells; they are 10-20 µm thick. The
mesophyll cells are 100-140 µm thick. These are prominent vascular bundles placed in
the median part of the lamina. The bundles are collateral having wide mass of xylem
elements and a small cluster of phloem. On the phloem end of the bundle, there is thick
band of sclerenchyma cells are lignified. The xylem elements are wide, angular and
thick walled. The vascular bundles have no distinct bundle sheath cells.
12
2.1.2 Composition of Insulin Plant Leaves
In another study, the amount of alkaloids, saponin, total phenols and total
flavonoids was determined by using standard methods. The total phenolic content was
25.3±0.0027 mg/gm in the extracts. The amount of total flavonoids was determined with
aluminum chloride reagent. The total flavonoid content in the extracts of Costus igneus
expressed in 58.3±0.2837mg/gm. Alkaloids were determined by the method of
Harborne (1973). The alkaloid content was 14.5±0.1124 mg/g in the extracts. Saponin
was determined by the method of Obadoni and Ochuko (2001). The saponin content
was 61.1±0.0823mg/g in the extracts.
13
2.2 Previous Studies in the Same Field
A research from India investigated the antidiabetic activity of Costus igneus (also
known as insulin plant) leaves extracts in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats. A
comparison was made between the action of Costus igneus extract and a known
antidiabetic drug glibenclamide (600 µg/kg body wt.). An oral glucose tolerance test
(OGTT) was also performed in experimental diabetic rats. Ethanolic extracts of Costus
igneus were obtained by simple maceration method & were subjected to standardization
by phytochemical screening methods. Preliminary phytochemical investigations showed
the presence of alkaloids and steroids in ethanolic extract. Dose selection was made on
the basis of acute oral toxicity study (50 mg to 5000 mg/kg body weight) as per OECD
guidelines. Costus igneus ethanolic extract showed significant (P<0.001) antidiabetic
activity. It was found that the extracts also prevented body weight loss in diabetic rats.
It was also proved by another research conducted by Shetty AJ, et. Al, (2010)
concluding that regular consumption of insulin plant leaves in conjunction with other
modalities of treatment has effectively provided glycaemic control in diabetics; the dose
of insulin could be reduced to half. Blood sugar levels which were earlier not controlled
with oral hypoglycaemic drugs or non-allopathic treatments were controlled. The risk of
diabetic complications was avoided and no adverse effects due to the consumption of
insulin plant leaves were reported. Glycaemic control was evident from day fifteen.
Although, they did note that regular consumption is necessary for benefits to be
observed.
From the research of S. Ashwini et. Al (2015), it has been found that the
preventative effect of insulin plant (Costus pictus) leaf extract on hyperglycaemia,
insulin sensitivity and dyslipidaemia in fructose-fed insulin resistant rats was a success,
further the possible underlying mechanism was also explored. It was observed that
under insulin resistant condition this plant extract decreases hyperinsulinaemia by
improving insulin sensitivity at the peripheral level through its antioxidant and anti-
inflammatory effects. At molecular level decreased activation of molecules involved in
stress sensitive signalling cascade and down regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines
were noticed.
14
In diabetes, dyslipidemia coexist quite often. Male diabetic rats were treated with
100 mg/kg/day of methanolic extract orally for 30 days. The experiment showed
promising results by significantly decreasing cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids
and phospholipids in the liver, heart and kidney of diabetic treated rats. Lipoproteins
restored normal levels in treated group, significantly reducing serum total cholesterol
and increasing HDL cholesterol. Activity of lipoprotein lipase was enhanced in extract.
There has been indeed proven articles and studies that constitutes the
effectiveness of the Costus Igneus plant with regard to lowering the glycemic level, and
other underlying effects.
2.3 Tea-making
Herbal tea is extremely versatile, you can use a multitude of ingredients, and
they can either be fresh or dried. In addition to the fact that nothing compares to
drinking herbal tea on a cold day, there are many herbal tea benefits. It is good for
stomach and digestive problems, calming the nervous system, source of vitamins and
minerals, anti-oxidant properties, helping to avoid colds, cleansing the body, relieving
stress. A way to make tea without losing much of its nutrients is to dry it and cut it into
smaller pieces. Make a tea base, which will be the insulin plant leaves as it is the focus
of the study. Teabags are optional, if making a loose leaf tea. If teabags are used in the
teaming process, make sure to allot space so the tea base can expand and infuse its
flavor and nutrients.
15
2.4 Conceptual Framework
Input
Age
Gender
Process
Statistical Treatment
Output
Results
Recommendation
16
3.0 Research Methodology
This chapter includes the research methodology of the study. In more details, in
this part, the researchers outline the research strategy, research approach, research
method, the methods of data collection, the selection of the sample, the research
process, the type of data analysis and the research instrument.
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3.1 Research Design
For this study, the researchers used a quantitative approach as the research
design, particularly experimental design. In experimental design, it tests for causality
with optimal variable control; independent variable is manipulated. It is a systematic and
scientific approach in which the research manipulates one or more variables, and
controls and measures any change in other variables. With this, the study constructs
desired information of the certain topic about the Effectiveness of Insulin Plant (Costus
Igneus) Leaves as Tea on Lowering Blood Sugar Level.
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3.3 Data Gathering
The data that will be collected by the researches will undergo to four phases:
Data Validation, Data Editing, Data Coding, and afterwards, using Data Analysis
Methods. The collected data then will be showcased through the statistical treatment.
For this study, the researchers will use paired sample t-test. The paired sample t-
test, sometimes called the dependent sample t-test, is a statistical procedure used to
determine whether the mean difference between two sets of observations is zero. In a
paired sample t-test, each subject or entity is measured twice, resulting in pairs of
observations. It will be used to test the effectiveness of the manufactured Costus Igneus
tea for glycemic control. Comparison of means will be used to determine the significant
difference between the age groups.
19
3.6 Research Instrument
A chart will be utilized by the researchers to record the results obtained from the
participants; it works as a mechanism to keep track on the blood sugar level of the
individual from ranging time.
20
4.0 Results
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of insulin plant with
regards to the blood sugar level of an individual. It further examined whether the
demographic variables such as age and gender affect the results of the experimentation.
There was a total of twelve (12) respondents which was subjected into four
groups. 67% of the respondents constituted females while 33% was male. 75% also
belong to the 11-30 age group, while the remaining 25% belong to the 31-50 age group.
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Groups Blood Sugar Level (mmol/L)
Before intake After intake
Experimental Group 1 6.2 5.5
(1 gram of insulin plant leaves) 5.7 5.6
9 8.3
Experimental Group 2 6.3 6.2
(2 grams of insulin plant leaves) 5.8 5.6
8.2 6.7
Experimental Group 3 6.5 5.8
(3 grams of insulin plant leaves) 7 6
5.8 5.7
Control Group 5 5.6
5.9 6.3
5.8 5.8
Table 2. Blood sugar level of participants
The unit for blood sugar level taken was mmol/L or millimoles per liter. The
experimental groups displayed a change in their blood sugar level after one hour of
intake. Meanwhile, the control group exhibited either an increase in their blood sugar
level or it remained constant.
22
Above is the table for the normal blood sugar level. Everyone was under the
condition of fasting so the researchers only referred to that. The study was not focused
to treating diabetic people but only to lower the blood sugar level after intake of the tea.
The statistical treatment used to test the effectiveness of the insulin plant leaves
was the paired t-test. Below are the results obtained.
Experimental Group 1
N Mean SD SEM Median
Before
3 6.96667 1.77858 1.02686 6.2
intake
After
3 6.46667 1.5885 0.91712 5.6
intake
Difference 3 0.5 0.34641 0.2 0.7
Overall 6 6.71667 1.53286 0.62579 5.95
t Statistic DF Prob>|t|
2.5 2 0.12961
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 -0.084 1.084
95 -0.36053 1.36053
99 -1.48497 2.48497
Table 4. Experimental group 1
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Experimental Group 2
N Mean SD SEM Median
Before
3 6.76667 1.26623 0.73106 6.3
Intake
After
3 6.16667 0.55076 0.31798 6.2
Intake
Difference 3 0.6 0.78102 0.45092 0.2
Overall 6 6.46667 0.9331 0.38093 6.25
t Statistic DF Prob>|t|
1.3306 2 0.31475
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 -0.71669 1.91669
95 -1.34017 2.54017
99 -3.87536 5.07536
Table 5. Experimental group 2
Experimental Group 3
N Mean SD SEM Median
A 3 6.43333 0.60277 0.34801 6.5
B 3 5.83333 0.15275 0.08819 5.8
Difference 3 0.6 0.45826 0.26458 0.7
Overall 6 6.13333 0.51251 0.20923 5.9
t Statistic DF Prob>|t|
2.26779 2 0.15147
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 -0.17256 1.37256
95 -0.53837 1.73837
99 -2.02587 3.22587
Table 6. Experimental group 3
24
Control Group
N Mean SD SEM Median
Before
3 5.56667 0.49329 0.2848 5.8
intake
After
3 5.93333 0.35119 0.20276 5.9
Intake
Difference 3 -0.36667 0.25166 0.1453 -0.4
Overall 6 5.75 0.43243 0.17654 5.85
t Statistic DF Prob>|t|
-2.52357 2 0.12764
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 -0.79093 0.0576
95 -0.99183 0.25849
99 -1.80871 1.07538
Table 7. Control Group
The statistical treatment used to test the significant difference between age
groups and gender was also the paired t-test. Below are the results obtained.
Comparison of means is also done.
For gender,
Female
N Mean SD SEM Median
Before
8 6.75 1.29615 0.45826 6.4
Intake
After
8 6.25 0.90869 0.32127 5.95
Intake
Difference 8 0.5 0.66548 0.23528 0.7
Overall 16 6.5 1.11176 0.27794 6.2
t Statistic DF Prob>|t|
25
2.12512 7 0.07118
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 0.05424 0.94576
95 -0.05635 1.05635
99 -0.32336 1.32336
Table 8. Female Group
Male
N Mean SD SEM Median
Before 4 5.8 0.08165 0.04082 5.8
Intake
After 4 5.8 0.33665 0.16833 5.65
Intake
Difference 4 2.22045E- 0.2708 0.1354 0.1
16
Overall 8 5.8 0.22678 0.08018 5.75
t Statistic DF Prob>|t|
0 3 1
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 -- --
95 -- --
99 -- --
Table 9. Male Group
Standard Significance
Difference 95% CI T-statistic DF
Error Level
-1.5323 to
-0.700 0.401 -1.744 22 P = 0.0951
0.1323
Table 10. Comparison of Means between gender
26
For age groups,
27
Conf. Levels in % Lower Limits Upper Limits
90 -0.06861 1.46861
95 -0.33938 1.73938
99 -1.20763 2.60763
Table 12. Above 30 years old Group
Standard Significance
Difference 95% CI T-statistic DF
Error Level
0.4056 to
1.138 0.353 3.223 22 P = 0.0039
1.8694
Table 13. Comparison of Means between age groups
Since the sample sizes are small, the researchers determined the confidence
level intervals. For uniformity, the researchers focused on the 99% confidence level.
4.3 Dosage
4.3 Relations of gender and age groups to the effectiveness of the tea
28
With a significant level of 0.0951, it falls under the 95% confidence interval which
indicates rejection of the idea that there is no statistical difference between gender and
the drops in their blood sugar level.
For the age groups, there is a reported result of 0.0039 for the p-value that
should fall upon the confidence interval from 0.4056 to 1.8694. However, since the p-
value does not fall to the confidence interval, idea that the that there is no significant
difference between age groups and the drop in the blood sugar level is not rejected.
4.4 Summary
The reports show that there is a significant effect on the consumer’s blood sugar
level after they consumed the tea composed of insulin plant leaves. There are reports
also that indicates the relationship of gender with how much their blood sugar dropped.
However, the relationship between age groups and how much their blood sugar level
dropped was not justified.
29
5.0 Discussion and Conclusion
In this study, the purpose was to examine the effectiveness of the insulin plant
leaves as tea with regards to the blood sugar level of the participant. The study also
aimed to determine the relationship between the drop in the consumer’s blood sugar
level, gender and age.
The insulin plant has phytochemical properties that contribute to its antidiabetic
activity. The insulin plant leaves were chosen since leaves are the favorable storage
site for desired compounds and more than 35% of the plants extractions for diabetic
treatment can be obtained from these parts.
A randomized control trial was performed with experimental group and control
group. The respondent size was 12 and the groups were categorized into 4. Results
were obtained by a glucose monitor before and after they were subjected to drink the
tea. For the statistical treatment, a paired sample t-test and comparison of means was
used.
5. 1 Summary of Results
The reports show that there is a significant effect on the consumer’s blood sugar
level after they consumed the tea composed of insulin plant leaves. There are reports
also that indicates the relationship of gender with how much their blood sugar dropped.
However, the relationship between age groups and how much their blood sugar level
dropped was not justified.
30
For the gender, there was a significant difference between its relationship with
how much the blood sugar drops. However, for the age groups, the numbers did not
justify its relationship.
5.2 Discussion
For the dosage, the higher concentration of loose-leaf insulin plant leaves to
water leads to a greater effect. However, too much of the insulin plant leaves might
cause depletion on the person’s blood sugar level.
The tea should only be taken once when the consumer is in the condition of
hyperglycemia. Too much dosage of the insulin tea may create gradual change over the
person’s blood sugar. When the consumer is going to be a diabetic patient, one tea a
day could be consumed but is not supposed to be treated as a replacement for diabetic
maintenance. Further research development should be imposed to achieve the
effectiveness of it as cure to diabetes.
The drops on the blood sugar level of the female participants were much more
evident than the male participants. The male group is less sensitive to the insulin
treatment they received. It shows that the male group is much more susceptible to blood
sugar related diseases.
The changes in the blood sugar level of the participants was found to be
irregardless of age according to the report. Given that the sample size is unbalanced
and small, it may have affected the results. However, it goes to say that an individual
has different reactions to insulin with their blood sugar. Younger generations is
vulnerable to glucose related diseases along with the older generations; they are
susceptible even with a more active body mechanism.
5.3 Conclusion
The insulin plant leaves as tea was effective in the glycemic control of an
individual. Regardless of the grams, it exhibited significant effect in any amount.
31
However, a greater amount of insulin plant leaves present in the tea will exhibit a more
significant effect to the consumer.
Given our findings, the researchers would like to recommend exploring a way as
tea to gradually impact persons with high blood sugar level, especially the diabetic
persons. An idea to increase the amount per gram of the insulin plant leaves is great.
To add another ingredient, like banaba or any herbal plant that may mix well with the
insulin plant leaves is another great idea. If given much more time and financial
assistance, the observation time-frame should be extended to at least a week so the
effects will be more evident.
For future practice, the researchers hope the professionals try to reassess the
product to have an alternative and cheap solution for hyperglycemia and to further it into
having a full-scale treatment for diabetes. Patients will have a much cheaper option if
pursued.
For the stakeholders, the researchers would like for future research and
development to be given support, also in the means of finance. Insulin plant leaves
does not cost much but the tools and devices used to measure the glucose level and
other components that attribute to the study.
32
Bibliography
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plants: Global distribution, active ingredients, extraction techniques and acting
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Gerry H. Tan, Diabetes Care in the Philippines, Annals of Global Health, Volume
81, Issue 6, 2015, Pages 863-869, ISSN 2214-9996,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aogh.2015.10.004.(http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article
/pii/S2214999615012643)
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Shetty AJ, Parampalli S.M, Bhandarkar R, Kotian .S. EFFECT OF THE INSULIN
PLANT ( Costus igneus ) LEAVES ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN DIABETIC
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Vishnu, B., Naveen, A., Akshay, K., Sikarwar, M. and Patil, M. (2020).
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Acknowledgements
The researchers would like to exempt their gratitude to the following persons who
contributed to make this study possible.
First of all, God who never left us through our journey in completing this paper.
He never forgets to make us remember His glory and guidance all the time
Second, we also give thanks to Mr. Shierland Garcia who guided us in making
our thesis. Who patiently taught us what to do and even extended her time without
anything in return.
To our parents, who supported, encourage, and believed to us that we will finish
this research. You were always there at our backs, urging us to move forward.
To our dear friends, who stayed and helped us as long as they could. We
wouldn’t have done it without your support to us.
And lastly, to the three participants who participated in this study. Knowing that
you were also busy, you still lend us you time and answered our questions accordingly.
This would not be completed without the help of this people who helped them
progress and finish this paper.
35
Appendices
36
Appendix A
Consent Letter
In view of this, you are being invited to participate in the research project
because you possess the criteria needed for the study. Your participation will involve
being subjected into different treatment groups. You will also be examined using the
glucose mete before and after you drink the tea. All procedures will be safe and will not
require extreme measures. The researchers have also undergone through proper
training and assessment. Rest assured that the data gathered will be held in strict
confidence and will be used solely for the purpose of this study. Also, upon request, the
respondent will be provided a copy of the project results as a benefit of being a
participant.
37
Thank you for your kind consideration in the conduct of this study. Your
responses will contribute to the academic research and will be greatly appreciated by
the researchers.
Researchers:
Noted by:
38
Appendix B
Curriculum Vitae A
39
Appendix C
Curriculum Vitae B
40
Appendix D
Curriculum Vitae C
41
Appendix E
Curriculum Vitae D
42
43