Student Number: ________________________________

Teacher: _______________________________

Class: _______________________________
FORT STREET HIGH SCHOOL

2019
HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE COURSE

ASSESSMENT TASK 4

Mathematics
Time allowed: 3 hours

(plus 5 minutes reading time)

Syllabus Assessment Area Description and Marking Guidelines Questions

Outcomes
Chooses and applies appropriate mathematical techniques in order to solve
problems effectively 1-10

H2, H3, H4, Manipulates algebraic expressions to solve problems from topic areas such as
H5 geometry, co-ordinate geometry, quadratics, trigonometry, probability and 11, 12, 13
logarithms
H6, H7, H8 Demonstrates skills in the processes of differential and integral calculus and
applies them appropriately 14, 15

H9 Synthesises mathematical solutions to harder problems and communicates

them in appropriate form 16

Total Marks 100

Section I Total 10 Marks
Section I 10 marks
Q1-Q10
Multiple Choice, attempt all questions
Section II Total 90 Marks
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Q11 /15
Section II 90 Marks
Q12 /15
Attempt Questions 11-16
Q13 /15
Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this section
Q14 /15
General Instructions:
Q15 /15
• Questions 11-16 are to be started in a new booklet
• The marks allocated for each question are indicated Q16 /15
• In Questions 11 – 16, show relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations. Percent
• Marks may be deducted for careless or badly arranged work.
• Board – approved calculators may be used
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 to 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 to 10

1. Find the value of e8 correct to four significant figures.

(A) 2980
(B) 2980.9580
(C) 2981
(D) 21.75

2. Differentiate ( 2 x + 1)
5

5 ( 2 x + 1)
4
(A)
10 ( 2 x + 1)
4
(B)
5
( 2 x + 1)
4
(C)
2
( 2 x + 1)
6

(D)
12

1
3. Find ∫ ( 2 x + 1) 3 dx
2 1
( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
−
(A) −
3
3 4
(B) ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
4
3 4
(C) ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
8
8 4
(D) ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
3

tan x
4. Differentiate y = with respect to x
x
dy sec x 2 − tan x
(A) =
dx x2
dy tan x − sec 2 x
(B) =
dx x2
dy sec 2 x − tan x
(C) =
dx x2
dy x sec 2 x − tan x
(D) =
dx x2
3
 3
5. Solve cos x = for −π ≤ x ≤ π
2
π π
(A) x= − ,
3 3
2π 2π
(B) x= − ,
3 3
π π
(C) x= − ,
6 6
5π 5π
(D) x= − ,
6 6

6. Factorise x 2 y − xy 2 − x + y

(A) ( xy − 1)( x + y )
(B) ( xy − 1)( x − y )
(C) ( xy + 1)( x + y )
(D) ( xy + 1)( x − y )

7. AB, CD and EF are parallel lines. ∠ABE =75° and ∠DCE =125°

Calculate the size of ∠BEC

(A) 55°
(B) 50°
(C) 25°
(D) 20°

4
8. Which of the following could be the equation of the curve below?

(A) y = −4e − x
(B) y= 3 − e x
(C) y = −4e x
(D) y =−4 − e x

9. Two ordinary dice are rolled. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the top faces is at
least 6?
5
(A)
18
13
(B)
18
27
(C)
36
28
(D)
36

−6 ( y + 1) ?
10. What are the coordinates of the focus of the parabola x 2 =
 1
(A)  0, −2 
 2
(B) ( 0, −1)
 1
(C)  0, 
 2
(D) ( 0, −7 )

5
Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 to 16
Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this section

Start each question in a new writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In Questions 11 – 16, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Start a new writing booklet.

(a) Solve 4 x + 1 =5 2
4
(b) Evaluate ∑n
n=2
2
1

(c) The fourth term of a geometric series is 1 and the ninth term is 32 . Find the common ratio 2

(d) A market gardener plants cabbages in rows. The first row has 35 cabbages.
The second row has 39 cabbages. Each succeeding row has 4 more cabbages than the previous
row.
i) Calculate the number of cabbages in the 12th row 1
ii) Which row would be the first to contain more than 200 cabbages 2
iii) The farmer plants only 945 cabbages. How many rows are needed? 2

(e) In the series y + y 2 + y 3 + ...

i) For what values of y does a limiting sum exist? 1
2
ii) If y = , find the limiting sum 1
3
(f) AOB is a sector of a circle, centre O and radius 6 cm . The length of the arc AB is 5π cm.

Calculate the exact area of the sector AOB . 3

6
Question 12 (15 marks) Start a new writing booklet.
(a)
i) State the period and amplitude of y = 3sin 2 x 2

1
ii) On the same diagram in the domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π , draw page graphs of y = 3sin 2 x
3
and y = 1 − cos x 3

iii) For the equation 3sin 2 x = 1 − cos x , how many solutions are there in the domain
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π 1
π
(b) Find the exact gradient of the tangent to the curve y = sin x at the point where x = . 2
6
(c) Find the indefinite integral of 2sin (π + 3x ) 2
π π
(d) Find the area bounded by the curve y = cos 2 x , the x − axis and the lines x = and x = .
4 3
Answer to 2 decimal places. 3

(e) Solve 2 sin θ = 1 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π 2

7
Question 13 (15 marks) Start a new writing booklet.
(a) In the diagram, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y = 2sec x , the coordinate axes and the
π
line x = . The shaded region is rotated about the x − axis . Calculate the exact volume of the solid
3
of revolution formed. 3

2π
x
(b) Find the exact value of ∫π
3
3
cos
2
dx 2

(c) What is the equation of the tangent to y= x + e 2 x at the point x = 0 2

(d) By first finding the points of intersection, find the area of the region enclosed by the line
y 2 x + 3 and the parabola y = x 2
= 3

(e) In the diagram ABCD is a rhombus, and BHEC and DCFG are squares.

i) Show that ∆AGD is congruent to ∆AHB 3

ii) Hence, show that ∠AGF =∠AHE 2

8
Question 14 (15 marks) Start a new writing booklet.

(a) The position x cm of an object moving in a straight line at time t seconds , is given by: x = 6t 2 − t 3 + 4

i) Find the times at which the object is at rest 2

ii) Find the distance travelled between these stationary times 2

iii) Find the total distance travelled in the first six seconds 2

iv) Find the velocity when the acceleration is zero 2

(b) A function f ( x ) is defined by f ( x ) =x3 + 6 x 2 + 15 x

i) Evaluate f ( −3) and f (1) 1

ii) Show that the curve of y = f ( x ) is always increasing 2

iii) Show that there is a point of inflexion at ( −2, −14 ) 2

iv) Sketch the curve y = f ( x ) , clearly indicating the intercepts and the point of inflexion 2

9
Question 15 (15 marks) Start a new writing booklet.
6
(a) Find ∫ 3x + 1 dx 2
4
(b) Use Simpson’s Rule, with 5 function values, to find an approximation to ∫0
xe x dx
to 2 decimal places 3

(c) Air pressure P , measured in kilopascals ( kPa ), at an altitude of h metres above sea level can be
approximated using the formula P = 101e − kh , where k is a constant.
The air pressure is 90 kPa at an altitude of 1000 m .
i) Find the air pressure at an altitude of 5000 m to 2 decimal places 2

ii) Find the altitude above sea level, where the air pressure is 53kPa , to the nearest m 2

(d) A particle moves along the x − axis . Initially it is at rest at the origin. The graph shows its
velocity v in ms −1 as a function of time t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 .

i) Given that the velocity v= t 2 − 4t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 , find the displacement of the particle
during this time. 2

ii) Find the time at which the particle returns to the origin. 1

iii) Sketch the graph of the displacement of this particle for 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 3

10
Question 16 (15 marks) Start a new writing booklet.

0 is a tangent to a circle centre ( 2, −3) . Find the exact diameter of the circle. 2
(a) The line 3 x + 4 y + 32 =

(b) A concrete arch is constructed over a river. The arch is symmetrical in shape with maximum height
occurring at x = 2 p as shown in the diagram.
The shape of the arch can be expressed as part of the curve y = f ( x ) , where
−e10 p ( e x − 2 p + e 2 p − x )
f '' ( x ) = − f '(4 p)
f ' ( 0) = and f ( 0) =
0

i) Find f ' ( x ) in terms of x and p 2

ii) Find the height of the arch y = f ( x ) in terms of x and p 2
(c)
∆PQR is a right angled triangle inscribed in a semi circle such that R is a variable point on the
circumference.
The point S lies on PQ such that SQ = kQR , where k is a positive constant. Let PQ = d cm and
∠PQR = α radians

1 2
i) Show that the area of ∆SQR is A = kd cos 2 α sin α 3
2
dA 1 2
ii) Show
= that kd ( 3cos3 α − 2 cos α ) 3
dα 2
iii) Find the greatest possible area of ∆SQR in terms of k and d ? 3

~ End of Examination ~

11
 Student Number: ________________________________

Teacher: _______________________________

Class: _______________________________
FORT STREET HIGH SCHOOL

2019
HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE COURSE

ASSESSMENT TASK 4

Mathematics

Syllabus Assessment Area Description and Marking Guidelines Questions

Outcomes
Chooses and applies appropriate mathematical techniques in order to solve
problems effectively 1-10

H2, H3, H4, Manipulates algebraic expressions to solve problems from topic areas such as
H5 geometry, co-ordinate geometry, quadratics, trigonometry, probability and 11, 12, 13
logarithms
H6, H7, H8 Demonstrates skills in the processes of differential and integral calculus and
applies them appropriately 14, 15

H9 Synthesises mathematical solutions to harder problems and communicates

them in appropriate form 16

SOLUTIONS
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 to 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 to 10

1. Find the value of e8 correct to four significant

figures.

(A) 2980 e8 = 2980.957

(B) 2980.9580 ⇒C
≈ 2981
(C) 2981
(D) 21.75

2. Differentiate ( 2 x + 1)
5

5 ( 2 x + 1)
4
(A)
d ( 2 x + 1)
5

10 ( 2 x + 1)
4
(B)
dx
5
= 5 ( 2 x + 1) × 2
4
(C) ( 2 x + 1) ⇒B
4

2
= 10 ( 2 x + 1)
4
( 2 x + 1)
6

(D)
12

1
3. Find ∫ ( 2 x + 1) 3 dx
2 1
(A) ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
−
− 4
3 1
( 2 x + 1) 3
(B) 3 4
( 2 x + 1) 3 + C ∫ ( 2 x + 1) 3 dx
=
4
+c
4 ×2 ⇒C
3
3 4
(C) ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C 3 4
8 = ( 2 x + 1) 3 + c
8
8 4
(D) ( 2 x + 1) 3 + C
3

2
4. Differentiate y = tan x with respect to x
x
dy sec x 2 − tan x  tan x 
(A) = d 
dx x2  x 
dy tan x − sec 2 x dx
(B) = d ( tan x ) d ( x)
dx x2 x. − tan x.
= dx dx ⇒D
dy sec 2 x − tan x
( x)
2
(C) =
dx x2
x.sec 2 x − tan x
dy x sec 2 x − tan x =
(D) = x2
dx x2

3
5. Solve cos x = for −π ≤ x ≤ π
2
(A) π π 3
x= − , cos x =
3 3 2
2π 2π  3
(B) x= − ,
3 3 x = cos −1  
π π  2  ⇒C
(C) x= − ,
6 6 π
= ( in Q ' s 1& 4 )
(D) 5π 5π 6
x= − ,
6 6 π −π
= ,
6 6

6. Factorise x 2 y − xy 2 − x + y
x 2 y − xy 2 − x + y
(A) ( xy − 1)( x + y ) = xy ( x − y ) − 1( x − y ) ⇒B
(B) ( xy − 1)( x − y ) ( x y )( xy − 1)
=−

(C) ( xy + 1)( x + y )
(D) ( xy + 1)( x − y )

3
7. AB, CD and EF are parallel lines.
∠ABE = 75° and ∠DCE = 125°

Calculate the size of ∠BEC

(A) 55° ∠BEC =75 − (180 − 125 )

⇒D
(B) 50° = 20°
(C) 25°
(D) 20°

8. Which of the following could be the equation of

the curve below?

y = ke x
(A) y = −4e −x
At x = 0, y = −4, hence
(B) y= 3 − e x −4 =ke0 ⇒C
(C) y = −4e x
k = −4

(D) y =−4 − e x ∴ y =−4e x

4
9. Two ordinary dice are rolled. What is the
probability that the sum of the numbers on the
top faces is at least 6? 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 5
P ( ≥ 6) =
5 36
(A)
18 26
13 = ⇒B
(B) 36
18 13
27 =
(C) 18
36
28
(D)
36

10. What are the coordinates of the focus of the

2
parabola x =−6 ( y + 1) ?
 1 4a = −6
(A)  0, −2  −3
 2 a=
2
(B) ( 0, −1) V is ( 0, −1) ⇒A
 1 ∴ S= ( 0, −1 + a )
(C)  0, 
 2
 −5 
(D) ( 0, −7 ) =  0, 
 2 

5
Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 to 16
Allow about 2 hours 45 minutes for this section

Start each question in a new writing booklet. Extra writing booklets are available.
In Questions 11 – 16, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Marking Criteria. Markers Comments

(a) Solve 4 x + 1 =5 2
Soln:
4 x + 1 =5 4 x + 1 =−5 2 Provides correct solution
4x = 4 4 x = −6 Students should be aware there
1 Provides one correct x value are two cases.
= x 1 −3
x=
2

4
(b) Evaluate ∑n
n=2
2
1

Soln:
4 1 Provides correct solution
∑n
n=2
2
= 22 + 32 + 42
Some students were unaware of
= 4 + 9 + 16 how to evaluate sigma
notation.
= 29

(c) The fourth term of a geometric series is 1 and the ninth term is 32 . Find the common ratio 2
Soln:
= T4 1= T9 32 2 Provides correct solution
3 8
ar = 1 ar = 32  Well answered.
÷: r 5 = 32
r=2 1 Correctly obtains geometric term
equations

6
(d) A market gardener plants cabbages in rows. The first row has 35 cabbages.
The second row has 39 cabbages. Each succeeding row has 4 more cabbages than the previous
row.
i) Calculate the number of cabbages in the 12th row 1
Soln
d =4 1 Provides correct solution
T12 =a + ( n − 1) d
=35 + 4 (12 − 1)
= 79

ii) Which row would be the first to contain more than 200 cabbages 2
Soln
Tn ≥ 200 2 Provides correct solution
35 + 4 ( n − 1) ≥ 200 Care needs to be exercised in
1 Correctly obtains the inequality stating what row would
35 + 4n − 4 ≥ 200
35 + 4 ( n − 1) ≥ 200 contain more than 200
4n ≥ 169 cabbages.
n ≥ 42.25
∴43rd row exceeds 200

iii) The farmer plants only 945 cabbages. How many rows are needed? 2
Soln
n 2 Provides correct solution Many students did not recognise
S=  2a + ( n − 1) d 
n
2 the question was summating the
n 1 Correctly obtains the cabbages.
945=  2 × 35 + 4 ( n − 1)  quadratic
2
1890= n ( 70 + 4n − 4 ) 0 = 4n 2 + 66n − 1890 Students should be aware that Tn
had already been asked in part (ii)
= n ( 66 + 4n ) and it would be unlikely the same
2
0 = 4n + 66n − 1890 concept would be repeated.
−66 ± 662 − 4 × 35 × ( −1890 )
n=
2 × 35
−66 ± 34596
=
70
−66 ± 186
=
70
−63
= 15,
2
But n > 0, hence 15 rows needed.

7
 2 3
(e) In the series y + y + y + ...
i) For what values of y does a limiting sum exist? 1
Soln
For convergence: 1 Provides correct solution
−1 < y < 1

ii) If y = 2 , find the limiting sum 1

3
Soln
a 1 Provides correct solution
S∞ =
1− r
2
= 3
1− 2
3
2
= 3
1
3
=2

(f) AOB is a sector of a circle, centre O and radius 6 cm . The length of the arc AB is 5π cm.

Calculate the exact area of the sector AOB . 3

Soln
l = rθ 3 Provides correct solution
5π = 6θ
2 Obtains correct θ value and
5π
θ= substitutes all values into area
6
formula correctly
1
A = r 2θ
2 1 Obtains correct θ value
1 2 5π
= .6 .
2 6
= 15π units 2

8
 Question 12 (15 marks) Marking Criteria. Markers Comments
(a)
i) State the period and amplitude of y = 3sin 2 x 2
Soln Mostly done well.
Amplitude = 3 2 Provides correct solution
Period = 2π
2 1 One of amplitude or period
=π correct

ii) On the same diagram in the domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π , draw 1 page graphs of y = 3sin 2 x
3
and y = 1 − cos x 3

3 Graphs drawn correctly, showing endpoints and

intercepts. Domain and range correct. Mostly done well.

2 Correct domain and range, and one graph with

correct shape, endpoints and intercepts.

1 Either correct domain and range, or one correct

graph showing shape, endpoints and intercepts

9
 iii) For the equation 3sin 2 x = 1 − cos x , how many solutions are there in the domain
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π 1
Soln Some students neglected the end
From graphs, there are 5. 1 Provides correct solution points. Otherwise done well.

(b) Find the exact gradient of the tangent to the curve y = sin x at the point where x = π . 2
6
Soln
y = sin x 2 Provides correct solution Some students didn’t read the
dy question properly. Make sure
= cos x 1 Correctly differentiates y = sin x you don’t waste time finding
dx
the equation of the line if it
π
At x = only wants the gradient.
6
dy π
= cos
dx 6
3
=
2

(c) Find the indefinite integral of 2sin (π + 3x ) 2

Soln
2 Provides correct solution Mostly done well. Very few
∫ 2sin (π + 3x ) dx students forgot their constant of
−2 1 Partially correct answer integration.
= cos (π + 3x ) + c
3

10
(d) Find the area bounded by the curve y = cos 2 x , the x − axis and the lines x = π and x = π .
4 3
Answer to 2 decimal places. 3
Soln:
3 Provides correct solution Students were still awarded the
mark if they found the exact
2 Expression in terms of π value. Recall that area cannot
be negative.
1 correct integral and correct
limits

π
3
A= ∫ cos 2 x dx
π
4
π
1 3
=  sin ( 2 x ) 
2 π
4

1 2π 2π 
=  sin − sin 
2 3 4 
≈ −0.06698729811
≈ 0.07 ( 2dp )

(e) Solve 2 sin θ = 1 for 0 ≤ θ ≤ 2π 2

Soln:
2 sin θ = 1 2 Provides correct solution Mostly done well but some
1 students provided 1 or 4
sin θ =
2 1 Partial correct answer solutions instead of 2. Recall
 1  your ASTC rule. Sin is positive
θ = sin −1  
 2 in the first and second
π quadrant.
=
4
Sin positive in Q1 &2, hence
π 3π
θ= ,
4 4

11
 Question 13 (15 marks) Marking Criteria. Markers Comments

(a) In the diagram, the shaded region is bounded by the curve y = 2sec x , the coordinate axes and the
π
line x= . The shaded region is rotated about the x − axis . Calculate the exact volume of the solid
3
of revolution formed. 3

Soln:
π
3
3 Provides correct solution Some students didn’t square 2
V = π ∫ ( 2sec x ) dx
2
and many forgot π
0 2 Unsimplified expression in terms
π
3  π 
= π ∫ 4sec 2 x dx
of π, such as 4π  tan − tan 0 
 3 
0
π

= 4π [ tan x ]03 1 integral in terms of x and correct

 π  limits
= 4π  tan − tan 0 
 3 
= 4π ( 3 −0 )
= 4 3π

12
 2π
x
(b) Find the exact value of ∫π
3
3
cos
2
dx 2

Soln:
 x 3
2π
2 Provides correct solution
I =  2sin 
 2 π
3
1 integral in terms of x and correct
 2π π limits
= 2  sin − sin 
 6 6
 3 1
= 2  − 
 2 2
= 3 −1

2x
(c) What is the equation of the tangent to y= x + e at the point x = 0 2
Soln:
y= x + e 2 x 2 Provides correct solution
dy
= 1 + 2e 2 x 1 Partial correct answer
dx
At x = 0 :
y= 0 + e0
= 1, and
dy
= 1 + 2e 0
dx
=3
y − 1= 3 ( x − 0 )
y 3x + 1
=

13
(d) By first finding the points of intersection, find the area of the region enclosed by the line =
y 2x + 3

and the parabola y = x2 3

Soln:
x=2
2x + 3 3 Provides correct
solution
0 = x2 − 2 x − 3
=( x − 3)( x + 1) 2 Integral in terms of x
x = −1,3 and correct limits
y = 1,9
1 Partial correct answer
∴ Intersection points are
( −1,1) & ( 3,9 )

Many students split

the integral into two
parts unnecessarily

∫ 2x + 3 − x
2
A
= dx
−1
3
 1 
=  x 2 + 3x − x3 
 3  −1
33   ( −1) 
3
 2
=  3 + 3 × 3 −  −  ( −1) + 3 × ( −1) −
2

 3   3 
 2
= 9 −  −1 
 3
2
= 10 units 2
3

14
(e) In the diagram ABCD is a rhombus, and BHEC and DCFG are squares.

i) Show that ∆AGD is congruent to ∆AHB 3

Soln:
DC = BC ( eq.sides of Rhombus ) 3 Provides correct solution
Many students assumed
Thus squares DCFG & BCEH
2 Solution contains one error that isosceles triangles
are congruent. with the same side lengths
Hence ∠GDC =90 and 1 Partially correct solution have equal base angles
∠CBH = 90.
∠CDA = ∠ABC ( opp. ∠'s Rhomb.eq.)
∠ADG = ∠GDC + ∠CDA
= ∠CBH + ∠ABC
= ∠ABH
In ∠ ' sAGD, AHB
AD = AB ( eq.sides of Rhombus )
DG = BH ( sides of cong.squares )
∠ABC ( shown above )
∠ADG =
∴∆AGD ≡ ∆AHB ( SAS)

ii) Hence, show that ∠AGF = ∠AHE 2

Soln:
∠AGD = ∠AHB ( corr ∠'s cong. ∆'s ) 2 Provides correct solution
∠BHE ( =90 )
∠DGF =
1 Partially correct solution
∠AGF = ∠DGF − ∠AGD
∠AHE = ∠BHE − ∠AHB
∴∠AGF = ∠AHE

15
 Question 14 (15 marks) Marking Criteria. Markers Comments
(a) The position x cm of an object moving in a straight line at time t seconds , is given by: x = 6t 2 − t 3 + 4

i) Find the times at which the object is at rest 2

Soln:
dy 2 Provides correct solution
= 12t − 3t 2
dx Well answered.
At rest when 1 Correct derivative
dy
=0
dx
=0 12t − 3t 2
= 3t ( 4 − t )
t = 0, 4

ii) Find the distance travelled between these stationary times 2

Soln: displacements at time Well answered
t =0 ⇒ x =4 2 Provides correct solution
t= 4 ⇒
1 Partially correct solution
x =6 × 42 − 43 + 4
= 36
Hence distance travelled is
36 − 4
= 32cm

iii) Find the total distance travelled in the first six seconds 2
Soln: Some careless errors.
From (ii), distance after 4 sec is 2 Provides correct solution Some students who used
32cm. integration did not realise that two
Displacement when t = 6 sec: 1 Partially correct solution separate definite integrals needed
x =6 × 62 − 63 + 4 to be added and evaluated.
=4 Students lost 1 mark for not
Hence another 32cm travelled. including absolute value from the
Total distance is 64cm. beginning of their working when
they calculated the distance
travelled from t=4 to t=6 s. Wrong
setting out resulted in loss of
marks.

16
 iv) Find the velocity when the acceleration is zero 2
Soln:
d 2x 2 Provides correct solution
= 12 − 6t
2
Well answered. However, some
dt students forgot to include units.
0 12 − 6t
= 1 Calculates time when
acceleration is zero
t=2
dy
= 12 × 2 − 3 × 22
dx
= 12 cm / s

(b) A function f ( x ) is defined by f ( x ) =x + 6 x + 15 x

3 2

i) Evaluate f ( −3) and f (1) 1

Soln: Well answered
f ( −3) =( −3) + 6 ( −3) + 15 ( −3) 1 Provides correct solution
3 2

= −18
f (1) =(1) + 6 (1) + 15 (1)
3 2

= 22

ii) Show that the curve of y = f ( x ) is always increasing 2

Soln: Poorly answered. Students need to
Show f ' ( x ) > 0 for all x. 2 Provides correct solution learn that there are 2 conditions
that must be satisfied to prove
f ' ( x ) = 3 x 2 + 12 x + 15
1 Calculates f ' ( x ) and f ‘(x) is a positive definite
∆ 122 − 4 × 3 ×15
= function: ∆ < 0 AND leading
discriminant of f ' ( x )
= −36 coefficient of quadratic expression
<0 ‘a’> 0.
Leading co-efficient >0, thus
f ' ( x ) > 0 for all x.
Hence the curve is always
increasing.
 iii) Show that there is a point of inflexion at ( −2, −14 ) 2
Soln:
f " ( x=
) 6 x + 12 2 Provides correct solution One mark was deducted for failing
to test for concavity changing
Possible POI when
1 Tests change in concavity about the point of inflexion.
f "( x ) = 0
Another mark was deducted for not
0 6 x + 12
= evaluating the y coordinate of the
x = −2 point of inflexion. This is a SHOW
Testing nature: question!
x −2.5 −2 −1.5
f " ( x ) −3 0 3
<0 >0
Hence change in concavity

f ( −2 ) =( −2 ) + 6 ( −2 ) + 15 ( −2 )
3 2

= −14
Thus ( −2,14 ) is a POI.

18
iv) Sketch the curve y = f ( x ) , clearly indicating the intercepts and the point of inflexion 2
Soln:
2 Correct graph with intercept and
POI marked Poorly done! There was no
scale shown on axes. The shape
1 Correct shape, but some missing of the curve around the point of
features, or infection point shown inflexion was incorrect. Axes
as a stationary point were not labelled. Graphs were
too small. The points on the
function calculated in b)i)
should have been shown on the
sketch but marks were not lost
if this was not done

19
 Question 15 (15 marks) Marking Criteria. Markers Comments
6
(a) Find ∫ 3x + 1 dx 2

Soln:
= 2 ln ( 3 x + 1) + c 2 Provides correct solution
including the constant Some students omitted the
constant.
1 Partially correct solution

4
(b) Use Simpson’s Rule, with 5 function values, to find an approximation to ∫ 0
xe x dx
to 2 decimal places 3
Soln: 3 Provides correct
h solution
A ≈ ( y0 + yn ) + 4 ( y1 + y3 + ..) + 2 ( y2 + y4 + ...) 
3 Generally well
4−0 2 Calculates h and y answered.
h= values correctly
4
=1
1 Substitution into
y0 0,=
= , y 2 2e 2 =
y1 e= , y3 3e3 =
, y 4 4e 4 correct Simpson’s Rule
1
A= ( 0 + 4e 4 ) + 4 ( e + 3e3 ) + 2.2e 2 
3  
≈ 166.62

(c) Air pressure P , measured in kilopascals ( kPa ), at an altitude of h metres above sea level can be
approximated using the formula P = 101e − kh , where k is a constant.
The air pressure is 90 kPa at an altitude of 1000 m .
i) Find the air pressure at an altitude of 5000 m to 2 decimal places 2
Soln:
= P 90,= h 1000 2 Provides correct solution
90 = 101e −1000 k
Very well answered but
90 1 Calculation of k correct students should remember to
= e −1000 k
101 use the exact value of k and not
 90  an approximation when
−1000k = ln  
 101  evaluating.
−1  90 
k= ln  
1000  101 
−1  90 
−5000× ln  
P = 101e 1000  101 

 90 
5ln  
= 101e  101 

= 56.74

20
 ii) Find the altitude above sea level, where the air pressure is 53 kPa , to the nearest m. 2
Soln:
−
−1  90 
ln  h 2 Provides correct solution
53 = 101e 1000  101  As above.
1  90 
53
=e
ln 
1000  101 
h
1 Partially correct solution
101
 53  1  90 
ln  = ln  h
 101  1000  101 
 53 
1000 ln  
h=  101 
 90 
ln  
 101 
= 5592.09
≈ 5592m

(d) A particle moves along the x − axis . Initially it is at rest at the origin. The graph shows its
velocity v in ms −1 as a function of time t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 .

i) Given that the velocity v= t 2 − 4t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 , find the displacement of the particle
during this time. 2
Soln:
Displacement is given by Technically displacement during
x ( t ) = ∫ v dt 2 Provides correct solution this time is given as an equation
while the displacement after 3
= ∫ t − 4t dt
2
1 Correct integral and c value seconds would be -9 m. No
1 penalty was applied for stating
= t 3 − 2t 2 + c the displacement after 3 seconds.
3
= t 0,= x 0 Many students who provided a
0=c numerical value were confused
1 3 with distance and incorrectly
x (=t) t − 2t 2 stated the displacement is +9 m.
3
1
Alt: x ( 3) = × 33 − 2 × 32
3
Do not use absolute value for
= −9
displacement.
21
 ii) Find the time at which the particle returns to the origin. 1
Soln:
When the area under the curve 1 Provides correct solution
equal the area above the curve, Many students tried to use the
the particle will return to the formula from part (i) to answer
origin. this question. However the
For 3 ≤ t ≤ 9 , the areas formula only applies to the first
(above/below) cancel out. 3 seconds and not all the graph.
For 0 ≤ t ≤ 3 , (i) Alt gives
A = −9 and for 9 ≤ t ≤ 12 there
is a 3 × 3 square above the x-
axis, so these cancel out.
Hence the particle returns to
the origin at t = 12.

iii) Sketch the graph of the displacement of this particle for 0 ≤ t ≤ 12 3

3 Graphs drawn with correct shape, labels, intercepts and the points where the equations change.

2 Graphs drawn with correct shape, some points shown.

1 Partial correct solution

1 mark was awarded to students who could demonstrate 1 element of the solution. This may have been a
correct shape of one of the sections or the correct points shown above.

Many students were unable to identify when the particle returned to the origin.
 Question 16 (15 marks) Marking Criteria. Markers Comments
0 is a tangent to a circle centre ( 2, −3) . Find the exact diameter of the circle. 2
(a) The line 3 x + 4 y + 32 =
Soln:
Perpendicular distance is: 2 Provides correct solution
3 ( 2 ) + 4 ( −3) + 32
d= 1 Correct substitution into
32 + 42
perpendicular distance formula
26
=
5
Diameter:
26
= ×2
5
52
=
5
2
= 10
5

(b) A concrete arch is constructed over a river. The arch is symmetrical in shape with maximum height
occurring at x = 2 p as shown in the diagram.
The shape of the arch can be expressed as part of the curve y = f ( x ) , where
−e10 p ( e x − 2 p + e 2 p − x )
f '' ( x ) = − f '(4 p)
f ' ( 0) = and f ( 0) =
0

i) Find f ' ( x ) in terms of x and p 2

Soln: 2 Provides correct solution
−e10 p ( e x − 2 p + e 2 p − x )
f '' ( x ) =
1 Partial correct solution
−e10 p + x − 2 p − e10 p + 2 p − x
=
= −e8 p + x − e12 p − x
∴ f '( x) =−e8 p + x + e12 p − x + c
f ' ( 0) =
−e8 p + e12 p + c
f '(4 p) =
−e12 p + e8 p + c
(Continued over)

23
 −e8 p + e12 p + c =− ( −e12 p + e8 p + c )
2c = e12 p − e12 p − e8 p + e8 p
=0
c=0
∴ f '( x) =
−e8 p + x + e12 p − x

ii) Find the height of the arch y = f ( x ) in terms of x and p 2

Soln: 2 Provides correct solution
∫ f ' ( x ) dx 1 Partial correct solution
∫ −e + e
8 p+ x 12 p − x
= dx
−e8 p + x − e12 p − x + k
=
= f (0) 0 :
x 0,=
−e8 p − e12 p + k
0=
k e8 p + e12 p
=
f ( x) =
−e8 p + x − e12 p − x + e8 p + e12 p

(c)
∆PQR is a right angled triangle inscribed in a semi circle such that R is a variable point on the
circumference.
The point S lies on PQ such that SQ = kQR , where k is a positive constant. Let PQ = d cm and
∠PQR = α radians

i) Show that the area of ∆SQR is A = 1 kd 2 cos 2 α sin α 3

2
Soln: 3 Provides correct solution
1
A∆SQR = .QR.SR.sin α
2 2 Correct expression for cos α in
1 terms of QR and PQ (or d) amd
= .QR.k .QR.sin α correct area equation in terms of
2
k sin α
= . ( QR ) .sin α
2
1 Correct area equation in terms
2
(Continued over) of sin α

24
 From ∆PQR :
QR
cos α =
PQ
QR
=
d
QR = d cos α
Hence
k
A∆SQR = . ( d cos α ) .sin α
2

2
kd 2
= .cos 2 α .sin α
2

ii) Show
= that dA 1 kd 2 ( 3cos3 α − 2 cos α ) 3
dα 2
Soln: 3 Provides correct solution
2
kd
A= .cos 2 α .sin α 2 Correct product rule
2
dA kd 2 dA
= cos3 α + sin α .2 cos α . ( − sin α )  expression for dα
dα 2
kd 2 1 Substitutes 1 − cos 2 α for
=
2
( cos α − 2 cos α sin α )
3 2
sin 2 α
kd 2
=
2
(
cos3 α − 2 cos α (1 − cos 2 α ) )
kd 2
=
2
( cos3 α − 2 cos α + 2 cos3 α )

kd 2
=
2
( 3cos3 α − 2 cos α )

iii) Find the greatest possible area of ∆SQR in terms of k and d ? 3

Soln: 3 Provides correct solution
dA
=0
dα 2 correct calculation of cos α
kd 2 and sin α .
= 0
2
( 3cos3 α − 2 cos α ) 1 Solving A ' = 0 and stating
= cos α ( 3cos 2 α − 2 ) cos α = 0 and cos α = ±
2
3
=cos α 0 = 3cos 2 α − 2 0
α = cos −1 0 2
cos 2 α =
π 3
=
2 2
cos α = ±
3

25
 π π
But 0 < α < , so α = and
2 2
 2
=α cos −1  −  fall outside this
 3
range.
 2
Hence α = cos −1  is the only
 3 
 
solution.

1
So sin α = .
3
Hence:
2
kd 2  2  1
A= .  .
2  3  3
2
kd 2 1
= . .
2 3 3
kd 2
=
3 3

26