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    MEGGER

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    Rajeev Saini
    Delta systems distribute three-phase power using three line wires with the voltage between each pair being the full transformer voltage, allowing three-phase loads to be directly connected across the three lines. Single-phase loads can also be served by connecting between any two line wires, but should be balanced across the phases to prevent overloading any single transformer. Delta systems are commonly used for ungrounded systems and mixed single-phase and three-phase loads can be served using a center-tapped grounded delta configuration.

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    MEGGER

    Uploaded by

    Rajeev Saini
    134 views2 pages
    Delta systems distribute three-phase power using three line wires with the voltage between each pair being the full transformer voltage, allowing three-phase loads to be directly connected across the three lines. Single-phase loads can also be served by connecting between any two line wires, but should be balanced across the phases to prevent overloading any single transformer. Delta systems are commonly used for ungrounded systems and mixed single-phase and three-phase loads can be served using a center-tapped grounded delta configuration.

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    Delta systems distribute three-phase power using three line wires with the voltage between each pair being the full transformer voltage, allowing three-phase loads to be directly connected across the three lines. Single-phase loads can also be served by connecting between any two line wires, but should be balanced across the phases to prevent overloading any single transformer. Delta systems are commonly used for ungrounded systems and mixed single-phase and three-phase loads can be served using a center-tapped grounded delta configuration.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    134 views2 pages

    MEGGER

    Uploaded by

    Rajeev Saini
    Delta systems distribute three-phase power using three line wires with the voltage between each pair being the full transformer voltage, allowing three-phase loads to be directly connected across the three lines. Single-phase loads can also be served by connecting between any two line wires, but should be balanced across the phases to prevent overloading any single transformer. Delta systems are commonly used for ungrounded systems and mixed single-phase and three-phase loads can be served using a center-tapped grounded delta configuration.

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    MEGGER

    The megger is a portable instrument used to measure insulation resistance. The megger consists of a
    hand-driven DC generator and a direct reading ohm meter. A simplified circuit diagram of the
    instrument is shown in Figure 1.

    The moving element of the ohm meter consists of two coils, A and B, which are rigidly mounted to a
    pivoted central shaft and are free to rotate over a C-shaped core (C on Figure 17). These coils are
    connected by means of flexible leads. The moving element may point in any meter position when the
    generator is not in operation.

    As current provided by the hand-driven generator flows through Coil B, the coil will tend to set
    itself at right angles to the field of the permanent magnet. With the test terminals open, giving an
    infinite resistance, no current flows in Coil A. Thereby, Coil B will govern the motion of the rotating
    element, causing it to move to the extreme counter-clockwise position, which is marked as infinite
    resistance.

    Figure 1          Simple Megger Circuit Diagram

    Coil A is wound in a manner to produce a clockwise torque on the moving element.


    With the terminals marked "line" and "earth" shorted, giving a zero resistance, the
    current flow through the Coil A is sufficient to produce enough torque to overcome the
    torque of Coil B. The pointer then moves to the extreme clockwise position, which is
    marked as zero resistance. Resistance (Rl) will protect Coil A from excessive current
    flow in this condition.

    When an unknown resistance is connected across the test terminals, line and earth, the
    opposing torques of Coils A and B balance each other so that the instrument pointer
    comes to rest at some point on the scale. The scale is calibrated such that the pointer
    directly indicates the value of resistance being measured.

    Summary

    Multimeters measure current, voltage, and resistance.


    Meggers measure insulation resistance.
    Meggers are connected out of circuit.

    Delta Systems
    The delta connection is a common three-phase, three-wire system in which the voltage
    between each pair of line wires is the actual transformer voltage. This system is
    especially popular for use on ungrounded systems. (Grounding will be discussed later.)
    A delta system can be grounded, but this introduces some complications.

    Balanced three-phase loads are connected directly to the three line wires, and their kVA
    loads are divided equally between the three phases of the transformer bank. Single-
    phase loads are connected between any two of the wires, but an attempt should be
    made to balance the single-phase loads across the various pairs of line conductors, so
    that none of the transformer phases are overloaded. If a bank of three single-phase
    transformers is used to supply an unbalanced group of single-phase loads, the most
    heavily-loaded transformer should be appropriately larger than the other two. When a
    three-phase transformer is used instead of a group of two or three single-phase units,
    the unbalanced coil currents (which are the natural result of the single-phase loads not
    being balanced) can cause abnormal heating.

    The three-phase-rating must be reduced, accordingly.

    Mixed single-phase 240/120-Volt and three-phase 240-Volt loads of moderate size can
    be served from a bank of two or three single-phase transformers connected in delta
    with one unit center-tapped and grounded. This unit supplies all of the 120-Volt single-
    phase loads and should be oversized accordingly. This is a four-wire, center-tap-
    grounded delta arrangement that is commonly used to serve churches, convenience
    stores, etc. Section 250-5(b)(3) of the NEC requires that this system be grounded at the
    center tap to serve the 120-Volt lights and convenience outlets which make up the bulk
    of the single-phase loads.

    Note: If two transformers are used in "open delta," they can serve only 58% of the kVA
    load served by a bank of three similar transformers.

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