1.

Experiment Description
This experiment is an experiment regarding the Design of Experiments topic. Design
of Experiment is a systematic approach to investigate about a problem in order to make a
discovery out of the experiment. It can be done using 6 main principles: comparison,
randomization, replication, blocking, orthogonality and factorial experiment. Comparison
means that we compare the result of experiment to the standard. Randomization means that
we do the random sampling on population at a tolerable level. Replication means that we
replicate what we done, including all of the factors to increase reliability and validity.
Blocking means that grouping some of the experimental units with similar characteristics.
Orthogonality means we want to observe a contrast between our experiments that have been
done. Factorial experiment means that we observe the effect of some specific factor which
influence the experiment.
The experiment that will be done is also using those 6 main principles. It will be done
by experimenting the effect of factors to the growth of kale. Then we compare it and analyze
it to know whether the factors that we observed have significant effect to the growth of kale
using ANOVA. In this experiment, we will choose 2 factors which affects the growth of kale
as the object of observation. The observation is done in 6 days starting from the planting of
kale seeds. Each of the seed will get a specific level in factors, in which minimum 2 plants is
getting the same treatment (replication). After observation, the student is expected to analyze
whether the factor is affecting the growth of kale and the best combination of factors (using
ANOVA one way and two ways).

2. Experiment Objective
The objective of experiment includes:
 The practitioner can understand the concept and function of DOE
 The practitioner is able to determine the quality dimensions of the practicum object
 The practitioner is able to identify the factors or independent variables and the control
variables from the experiments carried out
 The practitioner is able to process experimental data and analyze it

3. Quality Characteristic / Variable Respond Experiment

Variable response is a variable that is used as a measurement about the outcome of the
variable. It is the variable that is observed by the students in this experiment. Variable
response can be categorized as a dependent variable, which means that the variable’s outcome
is different based on the other variables. In this experiment, the response variables are the
height of the kale and the number of leaves in each treatment. We choose those response
variables because the visible proof of the growth of kale is those two. The higher the height of
the kale, it means that the kale is growing well. The number of kale also can be an indicator of
the well grown plant. The height of the kale is measured using the scale centimeters and the
number of leaves using the count of leaves. Both of them is a variable with the type of the
higher the better. We choose 2 indicators instead of one to further define the difference of
result because of the treatment better.

4. Design of Experiment
In this part, there will be explanations about the experiment materials, measurement
methods, and factors.
4.1. Experiment Material
The materials of the experiment are rockwool, kale seeds, water, rockwool
container, and knives which can be seen in the picture below.

Figure 4.1 Rockwool

In this experiment, rockwool is used as the place we grow the kale seeds.
 Figure 4.2 Kale Seeds
In this experiment, kale seed is the object that is going to be observed.

Figure 4.3 Nutrient

In this experiment, the nutrient is used as one of the factors that is set into
different levels.

Figure 4.4 Rockwool Container

Rockwool container is used as a place to put the rockwool that is used in the
observation.
 Figure 4.5 Water and Beaker Glass
Water is used as a variable control which will set into some volume of water.
Beaker glass is the tools used to measure the volume of water that will be as a control
variable.

Figure 4.6 Knives

In this practicum, the knives are used to cut the rockwool.

4.2. Measurement Method

In this part, there will be explanations about the measurement and its instrument.
4.2.1. The Measurement
The response variables as stated before are measured corresponding to its
scale. The height of the variables will be measured with the scale centimeters,
while number of leaves is measured only using the observation about the count
of leaves.

4.2.2. Measuring Instrument

The measuring instruments used in measuring the response variable is only
ruler to measure the height of the kales.
 Figure 4.7 Ruler
The other measurement is measured through the direct observation

4.3. Factor and Level

In this part, there will be explanations about the factors and level that is related to
the experiment.
4.3.1. Identify the Potential Factor
The potential factor can be defined as the factor that is have a
possibility of affecting the response variable. In this experiment, the potential
factor can be listed below:
o Light intensity: plant is getting nutrition in their photosynthesis
process. This process does not only needs water and CO2 as the source,
but also needs the sunlight to convert the source becomes energy.
Based on that statement, the intensity of sunlight can be the potential
factor affecting the response variables.
o Nutrients: like have been stated before, nutrition is one of the important
needs for the growth of plants. In this factor, it will be observed
whether different type of nutrition in the water affect the growth of
plants or not.
o Intensity of watering: This factor means that we want to know the
effect of the intensity of watering to the growth of kale.
o Volume of water for each watering
o Temperature
o Type of land

4.3.2. Classify the Potential Factor

The other factor influencing the response variable but is not considered
in the treatments of plants is called control variable. These variables in the
 experiment are set to be the same for all of the replication and treatment. The
factors that are controlled in this experiment includes:
o The rockwool thickness for each plant
o pH level
o The place where we place the products
o Temperature
o Intensity of watering
o Volume of watering
All of those factors above is set to be the same in order to know the effect of
observed factor. The independent factors are:
o Light Intensity
o Nutrients

4.3.3. Factor Potential Selection

In this experiment, the factors that we choose are the light intensity and
nutrients. We choose both light intensity and nutrients because they important
factors influencing the growth of plants, including kale. Both of them take
parts in the process of producing energy of plants which in theory will increase
the growth of the plant. We want to know whether the light intensity and
nutrients is affecting the growth of plants as the theory stated. The other reason
why we choose the factors is that both factors can easily controlled and make a
treatment from them.

4.3.4. Level Experiment Selection

For both factors, we choose 3 levels of factors. It can be explained
below.
o For light intensity, we choose 3 levels, high, medium, and low. High
level means that the plant will get 3 hours of light each day. Medium
level means that the plant will get 2 hours of light each day. Low level
means that the plant will get 1 hour of light each day. We choose those
levels because as have been explained earlier, the light is one of the
source of producing energy for plant. These energy then theoretically
will increase the growth of the kale. We want to know whether this
theory is correct.
 o For nutrients, we select 3 levels of factors. The first one is using the
normal water. The second level is using the rice water as its source of
water. The third level is using the nutrients water as its source of water.
The different of nutrients of course lead to different content inside of
the water. We want to know whether those different content affect the
growth of plants

5. Experiment
5.1. Check sheet
5.1.1. Experiment Check sheet
In this sub chapter will consist the check sheet that contains the
experiment results. Below is the check sheet.
Table 5.1 Result of Main Factors Day 1

Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
0 0.1 0
Water
0.1 0 0.1
Height 0.2 0.2 0.1
Rice Water
(cm) 0.1 0.1 0
0.3 0.2 0.1
Fertilized Water
0.5 0.3 0
0 0 0
Water
0 0 0
Number 0 0 0
Rice Water
of leaves 0 0 0
0 0 0
Fertilized Water
0 0 0

Table 5.2 Result of Alternative Factors Day 1

Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
0 0.2 0.1
10 ml
0.1 0.1 0.3
Height 0.2 0.1 0.1
15 ml
(cm) 0 0.2 0
0.3 0 0.5
20 ml
0.1 0.3 0.1
Number 0 0 0
10 ml
0 0 0
of leaves
0 0 0
15 ml
0 0 0
20 ml 0 0 0
 Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
0 0 0

Table 5.3 Result of Main Factors Day 2

Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
0.1 0.5 0.1
Water
0.2 0.2 0.3
Height 0.3 0.3 0.2
Rice Water
(cm) 0.4 0.2 0.1
1.2 1.1 0.8
Fertilized Water
1.5 1 1.1
2 0 0
Water
0 2 0
Number 2 0 2
Rice Water
of leaves 0 0 0
2 2 0
Fertilized Water
4 0 2

Table 5.4 Result of Alternative Factors Day 2

Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
0.3 0.2 0.4
10 ml
0.1 0.2 0.4
Height 0.2 0.1 0.5
15 ml
(cm) 0.1 0.5 0.3
0.4 0.2 0.6
20 ml
0.4 0.3 0.5
2 0 0
10 ml
0 0 2
Number 2 2 0
15 ml
of leaves 2 0 0
4 0 2
20 ml
4 2 0

Table 5.5 Result of Main Factors Day 3

Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
1 1.3 1.1
Water
0.8 1 1.2
Height 1.5 1.9 1.2
Rice Water
(cm) 1.3 1.6 1
2.4 3.2 2.9
Fertilized Water
3 3.5 3.1
Number Water 4 0 2
0 2 0
 Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
4 2 2
Rice Water
4 4 2
of leaves 2 4 4
Fertilized Water
4 2 4

Table 5.6 Result of Alternative Factors Day 3

Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
0.6 0.5 1.2
10 ml
0.8 0.3 1.1
Height 0.4 0.6 1
15 ml
(cm) 1 0.5 1.3
1.6 1 1
20 ml
1.6 1.5 2.3
2 0 0
10 ml
0 0 4
Number 4 2 4
15 ml
of leaves 4 4 2
4 4 4
20 ml
4 4 4

Table 5.7 Result of Main Factors Day 4

Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
1.7 2.4 3.3
Water
2 2.2 2.8
Height 2.1 3 2.3
Rice Water
(cm) 2.5 3.2 3.2
3.7 3.4 3.8
Fertilized Water
5 4.3 4.6
4 2 4
Water
2 4 4
Number 4 4 4
Rice Water
of leaves 4 4 4
4 4 4
Fertilized Water
4 4 4

Table 5.8 Result of Alternative Factors Day 4

Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
Height 1.4 1 2.3
10 ml
1 1.2 2.1
(cm)
0.5 1.6 1.6
15 ml
1.8 2.4 2
20 ml 2.4 1.7 2.8
 Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
2 2.5 4
4 0 0
10 ml
0 4 4
Number 4 4 4
15 ml
of leaves 4 4 4
4 4 4
20 ml
4 4 4

Table 5.9 Result of Main Factors Day 5

Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
2.3 4.5 3.2
Water
3 3.5 4
Height 3.9 4.5 3.2
Rice Water
(cm) 5.5 6.5 3.9
7.4 6.8 5.2
Fertilized Water
8.5 7 6.8
4 2 4
Water
2 4 4
Number 4 4 4
Rice Water
of leaves 4 4 4
4 4 4
Fertilized Water
4 4 4

Table 5.10 Result of Alternative Factors Day 5

Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
3.3 2 4.3
10 ml
2.5 3 4.1
Height 5.6 3.9 3.2
15 ml
(cm) 3.3 4.5 3
4 3 5.3
20 ml
3.8 5.6 6.4
4 0 2
10 ml
0 4 4
Number 4 4 4
15 ml
of leaves 4 4 4
4 4 4
20 ml
4 4 4

Table 5.11 Result of Main Factors Day 6

Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
Height Water 2.3 6 4.3
4.5 4 4
 Light intensity
Factors Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
4 5.8 5
Rice Water
5.5 6.5 5.6
(cm) 9.2 7.8 5.3
Fertilized Water
11.4 7.6 8
4 2 4
Water
2 4 4
Number 4 4 4
Rice Water
of leaves 4 4 4
4 4 4
Fertilized Water
4 4 4

Table 5.12 Result of Alternative Factors Day 6

Watering frequency
Factors Watering volume
Once a day Twice a day Three times a day
4.5 3 4.5
10 ml
5 3.4 4.1
Height 6.5 5 3.7
15 ml
(cm) 4.1 5.3 6
5.4 4.9 6.6
20 ml
5.5 8.3 9.3
4 0 4
10 ml
0 4 4
Number 4 4 4
15 ml
of leaves 4 4 4
4 4 4
20 ml
4 4 4

Table 5.13 Experiment Result of Height

Light intensity
Nutrients
High (3 hrs) Medium (2 hrs) Low (1 hr)
2.3 6 4.3
Water
4.5 4 4
4 5.8 5
Rice Water
5.5 6.5 5.6
9.2 7.8 5.3
Fertilized Water
11.4 7.6 8

5.2. Job Description

In conducting this practicum, the author divided the work into the members of the
group that follows the allocation below:
Table 5.14 Job Description per Member
Job Description Job Assignee
Sebastian Yulivio Santoso
Chapter 1 – 4, and Chapter 6
Dandy Ananda
 Job Description Job Assignee
Deandra Salma Aletha
Chapter 7 – 9
Margareta Malinda

A3 Report and Logbook Feritta Rosa Earlynda

Chapter 5 and planting the water

Ghani Rizky Febrian
spinach/kale

6. Retrieval and Data Processing

This part will consist the result of the experiment that will be processed using analysis
of variance (ANOVA) test in Microsoft Excel. After doing the experiment and retrieving the
data for six days, the final result is then analyzed using ANOVA in Microsoft Excel. ANOVA
is a statistical tool used to verify whether two or more groups differ substantially from each
other in terms of means. By comparing the means of various samples, ANOVA tests the effect
of one or more variables. In this case there are two variables which are light intensity and
nutrients. The test result is as follows:
Table 6.15 ANOVA: Two-Factor with Replication Result for Height of Plants

Anova: Two-Factor With Replication

SUMMARY High (3 hrs)Medium (2 Low

hrs) (1 hr) Total
Water
Count 2 2 2 6
Sum 6,8 10 8,3 25,1
Average 3,4 5 4,15 4,183333
Variance 2,42 2 0,045 1,405667

Rice Water
Count 2 2 2 6
Sum 9,5 12,3 10,6 32,4
Average 4,75 6,15 5,3 5,4
Variance 1,125 0,245 0,18 0,708

Fertilized Water
Count 2 2 2 6
Sum 20,6 15,4 13,3 49,3
Average 10,3 7,7 6,65 8,216667
Variance 2,42 0,02 3,645 4,041667

Total
Count 6 6 6
Sum 36,9 37,7 32,2
Average 6,15 6,283333 5,366667
Variance 11,891 1,921667 2,026667

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
Sample 51,36333 2 25,68167 19,10207 0,000577 4,256495
Columns 2,943333 2 1,471667 1,094628 0,375393 4,256495
Interaction 15,73333 4 3,933333 2,92562 0,083454 3,633089
Within 12,1 9 1,344444

Total 82,14 17

The table above shows the ANOVA for the height of the kale. Then, in the next step,
we observe the P-value or the F and F crit in order to know whether the factors affect or not.
In this case, the one that is affect the height of kale based on the table above is the type
Table 6.16 Turkey Kramer Test for the Height of Kale
Sample Sample Absolute Std. Error Critical
Results are NOT valid until
Group Mean Size Comparison Difference of Difference Range Q Statistic is entered into
B14

1 4,183333 6 Group 1 to Group 2 1,21666667 0,584775994 0 Means are different

2 5,4 6 Group 1 to Group 3 4,03333333 0,584775994 0 Means are different

3 8,216667 6 Group 2 to Group 3 2,81666667 0,584775994 0 Means are different

From the table above, it can be seen that the mean for each population is different, and
from the mean of sample, the group 3, which is fertilizer water, has the highest mean, with the
lowest is the normal water.
Table 6.17 ANOVA: Two-Factor with Replication for Number of Leaves
High (3 Medium
SUMMARY hrs) (2 hrs) Low (1 hr) Total
Water        
Count 2 2 2 6
Sum 6 6 8 20
Average 3 3 4 3,333333
Variance 2 2 0 1,066667
Rice Water        
Count 2 2 2 6
Sum 8 8 8 24
Average 4 4 4 4
Variance 0 0 0 0
Fertilized Water        
Count 2 2 2 6
Sum 8 8 8 24
Average 4 4 4 4
Variance 0 0 0 0
Total        
Count 6 6 6  
Sum 22 22 24  
3,66666
Average 7 3,666667 4  
0,66666
Variance 7 0,666667 0  

ANOVA
Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit
1,77777 0,19113
Sample 2 0,888888889 2 4,256495
8 8
0,44444 0,62243
Columns 2 0,222222222 0,5 4,256495
4 1
0,88888
Interaction 4 0,222222222 0,5 0,73699 3,633089
9
Within 4 9 0,444444444      
              
7,11111
Total 17        
1

From the table above, it can be seen that the two factors do not have effects on the number of
leaves. It is proven by their p-value which is more than 0,05 which signify that the null hypothesis is
not rejected or no significant different of the treatment of kale in term of number of leaves.

7. Data Analysis and Recommendations

The practicum of spinach is conducted by several independent variables and response
variables. The main independent variables consist of light intensity (high, medium, and low)
and nutrients (water, rice water, and nutrients water). The anticipation independent variables
consist of water volume (10 ml, 15 ml, and 20 ml) and watering intensity (1 time, 2 times, and
3 times). The response variables are the height of kale and its leaves number. So, there are 9
combination in the practicum.
The practicum conducted in 6 days and later the data will be processed by two-way
ANOVA with replication. The null hypothesis is there is no significant interaction between
light intensity, nutrients, water volume, and nutrients water with kale’s height and kale’s
number of leaves. The alternative hypothesis is there is significant interaction between light
intensity, nutrients, water volume, and nutrients water with kale’s height and kale’s number of
leaves.
Based in the calculation, in kale’s height it can be seen that F is bigger than F crit
which is 19.10 > 4.26 in the interaction of nutrients and light intensity through kale’s height.
While in number of leaves it can be seen that F is smaller than F crit which is 2 < 4.25. It can
be concluded that there is significant interaction between nutrients and light intensity through
kale’s height so it is reject null hypothesis and there is no significant interaction between
nutrients with kale’s number of leaves, so it is do not reject the null hypothesis. This condition
may be occurred because the short time of the practicum. The independent variables and
response variable may have significant results if the practicum is conducted in longer time.
Also there are some noise factor such as the inaccuracy of practican during the experiment
that also may become the unsignificant calculation result. The practicum doesn’t have any
other noise factor because there is no other process or design parameters that are difficult or
expensive to control during practicum.
The height of kale may be effected by water, rice water, and fertilization water based
on Tukey Kramer calculation because the mean difference all of them is big with the biggest
value is fertilized water, followed by rice water and then normal water. So, the most variables
that may effect the number of leaves is fertilized water followed by rice water then normal
water and it can be seen based on the calculation that all of those variables has significant
results through kale’s height
Based on the practicum that has been done, it would be better if the practicum is
carried out for a longer period to see a more significant result of kale’s number of leaves.

8. Conclusion
The conclusions that can be concluded from this practicum are:
 The design of experiment is a systematic approach to investigate an experiment. In
DOE, different factors are used for each test variable to then analyze the factors that
affect the outcome the most.
 The quality dimension carried out in this practicum is the height of kale plants and the
number of leaves.
 The Independent variable of this practicum is light intensity, nutrients used, water
volume and watering intensity. While the response variables of this practicum are the
height of kale and the number of leaves in kale.
 Based on the experiments conducted, it was found that there is no significant
difference between nutrients, light intensity, watering volume, and watering intensity
with the kale's height and its number of leaves. This decision may occur because of the
short time to conduct the practicum so the results cannot be seen clearly.

9. Attachment
Enter attachment here.

10. References
Corteva.id, 2019. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Tanaman.
[Online]
Available at: https://www.corteva.id/berita/faktor-faktor-yang-mempengaruhi-pertumbuhan-dan-
perkembangan-tan.html
[Accessed 25 12 2020].

Redaksi, 2012. Design Of Experiment (DOE). [Online]

Available at: http://shiftindonesia.com/design-of-experiment-doe/
[Accessed 21 12 2020].