Civil Engineering Drawing II
Civil Engineering Drawing II
Civil Engineering Drawing II
A Publication under
Untouchability is a sin
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CHAIR PERSON
Dr. R. Palaniswamy I.A.S.,
Commissioner of Technical Education (FAC) / Chief Implementation Officer
Directorate of Technical Education, Chennai
CONVENER
AUTHORS
REVIEWER :
It is hoped that with the content exposed in this text, the readers and learners will be able
to understand and pursue further in their studies. This book is written in simple and easily
understandable manner.
The convener, authors and reviewer are very much grateful to the Commissioner of
Technical Education Chennai for his deep involvement and encouragement in preparing this
syllabus based learning material. Thanks are due to officials of DOTE, Chennai for their timely
help whenever needed. Further suggestions and fair criticisms are welcome for fine tuning in
future
1 List of Drawings -
3 Bridge Drawing 14
5 Annexure 59
LIST OF DRAWINGS
1. Infiltration gallery (with one infiltration well, one straight gallery pipe, one inspection well
and one jack well)
BRIDGE DRAWING
Infiltration Well
Infiltration wells are shallow wells which are constructed in series along the
banks of the rivers. The water will be collected into the wells by seeping through
their bottom. The wells are covered at top and open at bottom so water can be
easily entered through its bottom. The sides of the wells are constructed by brick
masonry with open joints. The water which received through the filtration well is
very pure. Sandy beds are placed at the bottom of the tank. So that the suspended
impurities and inorganic impurities get filtered.
Inspection Well
Inspection wells are also called man holes. For inspection purpose man
holes are provided. Inspection wells are provided at an interval of 30m to 50m.
Jack Well
The infiltration wells are connected by porous pipes to a collecting sump
known as jack well. The water thus collected through the infiltration wells flows by
gravity into the jack well. Then the water from the jack well is pumped to the
purification plant for further treatment.
The following particulars of an infiltration gallery are.
Filter media
Layer of filter media adjacent to the pipe 200mm
Next two layers are of 100mm each
Inner diameter of jack well with pump house = 6m
Outer diameter of jack well = 6.90m
Inner diameter of inspection well = 3.00m
Outer diameter of inspection well = 3.60m
Assumptions
1. Diameter of infiltration well - 2m to 6m
2. Diameter of inspection well 2m to 3m
3. The gallery should be laid at a minimum depth of 2m below the lowest
summer water level.
4. Diameter of gallery pipe 300mm to 450mm.
5. Rate of infiltration for wells and galleries = 4500 to 6000 lit/m2/day.
3
4
Air compressor
The agitation of sand grains during washing of filter is carried by
compressed air. Compressed air is passed at the rate of 60 - 80 mm3/ minute /
m2 of filter area for 4 minutes. By this process sand gets purified and can be
reused.
5
Baffle wall is provided at 1/5 length of the tank from the inlet pipe. The floor
is provided with all sides sloping towards one point to facilitate de-sludging
operation. R.C.C cover slab with man hole is provided on the top of the tank.
Dispersion trench
Septic tank
Length of tank = 3.0m
Breadth of tank = 1.50m
Depth of liquid = 1.80m
Free board = 0.3m
Distance of baffle wall from inlet end = 450mm
Tank walls of B.W in C.M 1:3 300mm thick
Diameter if inlet and outlet = 100mm
Precast R.C.C cover slab = 100mm thick
Diameter of ventilating pipe = 50mm
Size of distribution chamber = 750mm x 750mm
Size of manhole = 750mm x 750mm
Foundation concrete in CC 1:4:8 = 200mm
Wearing coat is provided at a slope of 1 in 20
Distribution Chamber = 750x750x400mm
Soak pit
Inner diameter - 1.5m
Depth below invert level of inlet pipe - 2m
B.W in Cm 1:5 dry open joint below inlet pipe - 200mm
Depth below ground level - 2.6m
Cover slab in CC 1:2:4 - 100mm
B.W in Cm 1:5 above inlet pipe with plastering - 200mm
Inlet tank
In this tank, the raw cowdung is mixed with water and then allowed to pass
through an inlet pipe into the digester.
Digester
The digester is a deep well, connected by inlet and outlet pipes.
Gas holder
A mild steel gas - storage drum, inverted over the slurry goes up and down
around a guide pipe corresponding to the accumulation of gas.
Pipe culverts are provided when discharge of stream is small. Usually one or more
pipes of diameter not less than 300mm are provided side by side. These pipes may be of
cement concrete, cast iron or steel. Pipe culvert should be provided with suitable concrete
bedding at bottom. The gradient of the pipe should not be less than 1 in 1000. A
minimum clearance of 150mm is maintained between the H.F.L and the crowns of the
pipe. An earth cushion of minimum depth of 450mm should be provided at the top of
pipes. R.C.C Hume pipes are commonly used.
The specifications for a two span pipe culvert are given below.
Hydraulic Particulars
Road and stream
Width of road - 5000mm
Bed level of stream - + 20.00
Road level - + 22.10
Water level - + 21.80
Thickness of W.B.M road - 250mm
Pipes
Number of pipes - 2 Nos
Diameter of concrete Hume pipe - 1000mm
c/c distance of pipes - 1600mm
Type of joint - Collar joint in C.M 1:2
Width of concrete seating for pipes at top - 3300mm
Width of concrete seating for pipes at bottom - 2700mm
Thickness of concrete seating for pipes - 500mm
Retaining wall
Top level - +22.20m
Bottom level - + 19.20m
Top width - 500mm
Bottom width - 1200mm
Front face vertical
Width of foundation concrete - 1600mm
Thickness of foundation concrete - 300mm
15
Parapet
Length - 4100mm
Thickness - 400mm
Height - 600mm
Coping - 100mmtk
Earth filling
Earth filling above the pipe - 700mm
Thickness of surface dressing - 10mm
These types of bridges are constructed when the width of the drain is to be crossed
by a road is wider. It consists of ‘Tee’ beams supported on piers and abutments.
Abutment
Abutments are provided with wing walls.The wing walls are constructed on both
sides of abutments to protect the earthen banks. The wing walls may be of straight,
splayed or return. The depth of foundation is based on the scour depth. Cut water and
ease water shall be provided for piers and abutments.
Piers
The intermediate supports of abridge super structure are known as piers. The pier
end of upstream side is called cut water and on the downstream side is known as ease
water. The R.C.C piers are normally rectangular in cross section.
Approach road
The approach road width is reduced at the point of crossing. Road kerbs are
provided at the end of the deck slab. IRC recommends that a minimum straight length of
15m on either side of a bridge has to be provided. Suitable handrails and parapet are
provided at the bridge. The width of approach should be equal to the width of bridge.
Following are the particulars of a two span ‘T’ Beam bridge with square returns.
Hydraulic particulars
Drain
Bed level of canal - + 50.00
Full supply level (F.S.L) - + 51.30
Bed width of canal - 6600mm
Top level of Road - + 52.50
Clear width of road way - 4000mm
Top width of approach road way - 5000mm
Top of foundation for all walls - + 49.70
Bottom level of foundation for all walls - + 49.40
Offset of foundation concrete - 200mm
Top of parapet - + 53.35
Top of kerb - + 52.65
Size of kerb - 300 x 150mm
18
Abutment
Top width - 600mm
Bottom width - 1200mm
Water face vertical
Length of abutment - 5700mm
Size of bed block - 600 x 600 x 150mm
Width of foundation concrete - 1600mm
Thickness of foundation concrete - 300mm
Pier
Top and bottom width - 600mm
Length of pier - 5700mm
Return wall in C.R masonry C.M 1:5
Length of return wall - 3500mm
Top width - 600mm
Bottom width - 1200mm
Front face vertical
Tee Beam
Size of beam - 150 x 300mm
Thickness of R.C.C deck slab - 200mm
Parapet
Thickness of parapet - 300mm
Size of parapet pillars - 300mm x 700mm
Spacing of parapet pillars - 2500mm
Provide 25mmφ G.I pipe for hand rails
Length of rough stone revetment on both side U/s and D/s 2000mm
Thickness of revetment - 400mm
Size of RCC post - 100x100x700mm
Assume any other data required suitably
The load on the way slab is transferred to the two supports only,
hence the main reinforcement is provided along the shorter span direction 50%
of the main reinforcements are bend to the top for length of 0.1 l from the face
of the support.
Problem
The following are the particulars of a simply supported one way roof
slab.
@140 mm c/c
@ 250 mm c/c
50% of main Reinforcement can be bent up 0.1 from the face of the
support.
21
1000
1. 10# 3.547 = 3.70 6.2 81.36 Main Reinforcement
280
1000
2. 10# 3.547 = 3.70 6.2 81.36 Main Reinforcement
280
3510
3. 8# 1.000 + 1 = 15.04 4.0 60.00 Distributors
250
448
� + 1�×2
4. 8# 1.000 250 4.0 24.00 Supporting main bar
=5.58≈ 6
Total weights 246.72
Since two way slabs deflect in both directions the tension reinforcement
(main reinforcement) is provided in bothshorter span and longer span.
Problem
The following are the particulars of a simply supported two way slab in
which corners are not held down.
Clear cover = 15 mm
Edge cover = 25 mm
Reinforcement details:
Weight/Unit Total
Type Length
Size Shape Number length in weight Remarks
No. In m
N/m in ‘N’
6650
+ 1 = 17.6 Main Reinforcement
1. 10# 5.100 400 6.2 569.16
along shorter span
(say 18)
6650
= 16.6 Main Reinforcement
2. 10# 5.100 400 6.2 537.54
along shorter span
(say 17)
5050
+ 1 = 12.47 Main reinforcement along
3. 10# 6.696 440 6.2 498.18
longer span
(say 12)
5050
= 11.47 Main reinforcement along
4. 10# 6.696 440 6.2 456.66
longer span
(say 11)
635
+ 1 = 3010 Distributor along longer
5. 8# 6.650 290 4.0 159.60
span
(say 3+3 = 6)
805
+ 1 = 3.7 Distributor along shorter
6. 8# 5.050 290 4.0 161.60
span
(say 4) 4+4 = 8
Total weights 2382.74
Add 5% for wastage in cutting, bending overlapping etc 119.13
2501.87 N
28
In restrained two way slabs, the corners are restrained and not allowed
to lift away from the supports. If this is done, torsion is induced at corners and
the slab be suitably reinforced for torsion.
Slabs are considered as divided in each direction into middle strip and
edge strips. The middle strip being 3/4th of the width and each edge strip 1/8th
of the width. Reinforcement in edge strip parallel to the edge, shall comply
with the minimum reinforcement requirements and the requirements for
tension.
Problem
Reinforcement details
In middle strip
Rft. along shorter span = 10mm dia Fe 415 bars @100mm c/c
Edge strip
Torsion reinforcement
685
+ 1 = 5.57 Distributor at top along
8. 10# 5.375 150 6.17 397.96
longer span.
6+6 = 12
33
1060
+ 1 = 11.60
9. 8# 1..335 100 3.95 126.55 Torsion reinforcement
Say 12
12+12 = 24
Total weights 5018.44 N
INCL 5%EXTRA 5269.34
Say 5270 N
34
Problem
Tensile reinforcement
2. 16# 3.312 2 15.78 104.53
(Curtailed)
4550
4. 8# 1.560 + 1 = 31.33 3.95 193.05 Stirrups
150
Problem
Reinforcement details
MID SPAN
AT SUPPORT
Tensile reinforcement
2. 16# 2.580 4 15.78 153.38
(Curtailed)
Compressive
3. 16# 8.850 2 15.78 279.06
reinforcement
Compressive
4. 16# 2.880 1 15.78 45.45 reinforcement
(Curtailed)
800
+1 =6
160
2x6 = 12
2700
−1 =8
5. 8# 1.560 300 3.95 240.32 Stirrups
12 + 8 = 20
For two spans
20+19=39
Problem
The following are the particulars of a continuous one way slab over the
beams.
Reinforcement in slab
3225
+ 1 = 10.48 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 11
340
3000
+ 1 = 9.80 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 10
340
540
1.000 2 + 1 = 2.58 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 3 Distributor at end span
9. 8# 340 3.95 86.90
2090
+ 1 = 7.14 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8
340
2050
+ 1 = 7.03 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8
340
Dog legged stairs are one of the different stairs adopted and in which the
succeeding flight goes in the opposite direction.
The two flights are not separated with the gap and are suited where the
width of room is sufficient to accommodate the width of two flights.
Problems
@ 120mm c/c
@ 160 mm c/c
50% of the main reinforcement is provided at the bottom of landing slab and
extended to the top of waist slab for a length of 0.15 l(or) Ld whichever is
greater.
47
1550
+ 1 = 7.46 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8
2. 10# 2.577 240 6.17 127.20 Main reinforcement
1550
3. 10# 1.219 + 1 = 7.46 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8 6.17 60.17 Main reinforcement
240
195
+ 1 = 2.22 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 3
160
3892
= 24.33 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 25
160
1078
= 6.74 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 7
160
650
+ 1 = 5.10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 6
4. 8# 1.550 160 3.95 385.72 Distributor
1927
= 12.04 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 12
160
569
+ 1 = 4.56 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 5
160
650
= 4.120 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 5
160
Total= 63
Total weights 1019.24
Add 5% of above total weight for wastage during cutting, bending etc 50.96 N
say 1075 N
50
Weight/
Total
Size Shape Length Unit
Type No. Number weight Remarks
grade Dimension in m length
in ‘N’
in N/m
1550
1. 10# 6.738 + 1 = 13.92 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 14 6.17 582.03 Main reinforcement
120
1550
2. 10# 2.786 + 1 = 7.46 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8 6.17 137.52 Main reinforcement
240
1550
3. 10# + 1 = 7.46 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8
2.847 240 6.17 140.53 Main reinforcement
1078
+ 1 = 7.74 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 8
160
3898
= 24.33 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 22
160
2262
= 14.14 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 15
160
1373
+ 1 = 9.58 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 10
160
4. 8# 1.550 1413 508.17
= 8.83 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 9
160
1927
= 13.04 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 13
160
920
= 5.75 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 6
160
Total= 83
Total weights1368.25N
Add 5% of above total weight for wastage during cutting, bending etc 68.4 N
Total quantity of steel required 1436.66 N
Say 1440 N
51
Problem
Reinforcement details
@ 175 mm c/c
52
Sunshade
2250
4. 8# 0.960 + 1 = 15.57 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 16 3.95 60.67 Stirrups
175
2550
5. 10# 1.345 + 1 = 6.54 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 7 6.17 58.09 Main reinforcement
460
2550
6. 10# 0.920 = 5.54 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 6 6.17 34.06 Main reinforcement
460
875
7. 8# 2.650 + 1 = 3.92 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 4 3.95 41.87 Distributor
300
Problems
Clear cover = 40 mm
Bottom cover = 50 mm
Reinforcement details
Shape Weight/Unit
Type Length Total weight
Size Number length in Remarks
No. In m in ‘N’
Column Footing N/m
1526 34.13
2. 8# 1.440 = 6.10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 6 3.95 Lateral ties
250
1526
3. 8# 1.065 = 6.10 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 6 3.95 25.24 Lateral ties
250
1950
4. 12# 1.950 = 13 8.88 225.10 Main Reinforcement
150
1950
5. 12# 1.950 = 13 8.88 225.10 Main Reinforcement
150
Total weights 855.20+42.76 =897.96
Add 5% of above total weight etc Say 900 N
59
Annexure
60
Bar Tension Bars for Grade of Concrete Compression Bars for Grade of Concrete
Diameter M15 M20 M25 M30 M15 M20 M25 M30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
mm
Note 1 : The development lengths given above are for a stress of 0.87 f y in the bar.
Note 2 : It is important to note that hook should normally be provided for plain bars in
tension. Threfore, the straight length required in such cases is equal to the
value taken from the table minus the anchorage value of hook.
61
f y = 415 N/mm2
Bar Tension Bars for Grade of Concrete Compression Bars for Grade of Concrete
Diameter M15 M20 M25 M30 M15 M20 M25 M30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
mm
6 338 282 242 226 271 226 193 181
8 451 376 322 301 361 301 258 241
10 564 470 403 376 451 376 322 301
12 677 564 484 451 542 451 387 361
Note : The development lengths given above are for a stress of 0.87 f y in the bar.
62
Bar Tension Bars for Grade of Concrete Compression Bars for Grade of Concrete
Diameter M15 M20 M25 M30 M15 M20 M25 M30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
mm
6 408 340 291 272 326 272 232 218
Note : The development lengths given above are for a stress of 0.87 f y in the bar.
63
Length Length
Size Area Weight Perimeter Size Area Weight Perimeter
per Kn per Kn
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5