June 2016 IAL QP - Unit 4 Edexcel Biology
June 2016 IAL QP - Unit 4 Edexcel Biology
June 2016 IAL QP - Unit 4 Edexcel Biology
com
International
Advanced Level
Biology
Advanced
Unit 4: The Natural Environment and Species
Survival
Thursday 16 June 2016 – Afternoon Paper Reference
Instructions
• Use black ink or ball-point pen.
• centre
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name,
number and candidate number.
• Answer all questions.
• – Answer the questions in the spaces provided
there may be more space than you need.
Information
• The total mark for this paper is 90.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets
– use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question.
• Questions
labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your
written communication will be assessed
– you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as
well as the clarity of expression, on these questions.
Advice
• Keep
Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try toananswer
eye on the time.
• Check your answers
every question.
• if you have time at the end.
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Answer ALL questions.
Some questions must be answered with a cross in a box . If you change your mind about an
gene
enzyme Y
pre-mRNA
mRNA
(i) Place a cross in the box that completes the following statement.
An enzyme is
(1)
A a fibrous protein
B a globular protein
C a saturated fatty acid
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(ii) Place a cross in the box that completes the following statement.
An enzyme is a molecule that
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(1)
A decreases the activation energy of a metabolic reaction and decreases
reaction time
B decreases the activation energy of a metabolic reaction and increases
reaction time
C increases the activation energy of a metabolic reaction and decreases
reaction time
D increases the activation energy of a metabolic reaction and increases
reaction time
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(v) Name the parts of the pre-mRNA molecule, represented by the shaded areas
in the diagram.
(1)
(vi) A gene may be defined as a length of DNA coding for one polypeptide chain.
Using the information in the diagram, explain why this definition does not
apply to this gene.
(4)
(b) Describe how the polypeptide chain is synthesised from the mRNA.
(4)
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*2 There are apps (computer software) available on some smartphones that can
calculate the time of death of a person.
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The image below is from the screen of a smartphone with some information that has
been put into this app when a body was found.
Body Weight 80 kg
Explain why the information required by this app is needed to calculate the time of
death of this body.
(6)
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3 Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans is caused by the Ebola virus.
(a) Describe the structure of a virus.
1200 –
800 –
600 –
400 –
200 –
0–
76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 10 12 14
Year
Key
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number
number
of
of cases
of EVD
deaths
from
EVD
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(i) Using the information in the graph, calculate the percentage of people with
EVD who died in 2014.
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(c) In 2014, there were no available drugs or licensed vaccines for EVD. Vaccines were
being developed and were undergoing clinical trials.
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(iii) Drugs are being developed that contain either interferon or chemicals that
interfere with viral replication.
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Suggest how these drugs could prevent the development of EVD in humans.
(3)
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4 Colostrum is a form of milk. Colostrum is produced by mammals to feed their
newborn babies for a few days after birth.
(a) (i) Place a cross in the box next to the cell that releases antibodies.
(1)
A helper T cell
B killer T cell
C macrophage
(ii) Place a cross in the box that completes the following statement.
An antibody has
(1)
A one antigen binding site and one binding site for macrophages
B one antigen binding site and two binding sites for macrophages
C two antigen binding sites and one binding site for macrophages
D two antigen binding sites and two binding sites for macrophages
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(iii) Using the information in the table, compare the antibody composition of
human colostrum with that of bovine colostrum.
(3)
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5 Pollen grains present in peat bogs and lake sediment may provide evidence of
climate change.
6000 –
8000 –
10 000 –
12 000 –
14 000 –
(i) Using the information in the graph, describe the changes in abundance of
spruce, ash and elm trees over the last 14 000 years.
(3)
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(ii) Ash and elm trees grow in wet, poorly-drained soils. Grass grows in drier conditions.
Using the information in the graph, describe the changes in climate at this
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(iii) Explain how the information in the graph indicates that other types of plant
were present around this lake.
(2)
(b) Explain how dendrochronology may also be used to provide evidence for climate change.
(3)
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6 Polar bears are large, carnivorous mammals that live on the sea ice of the Arctic.
Polar bears feed on seals and hunt them from the sea ice. They hunt the seals during
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(ii) Describe how an increase in greenhouse gases could cause the loss of sea ice.
(3)
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(b) Suggest why the loss of sea ice could result in a decrease in the number of polar bears.
(3)
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(c) Polar bear DNA is analysed by scientists to learn more about this animal.
A group of scientists recently extracted DNA from a polar bear footprint left in the
Suggest two advantages of using DNA obtained from a footprint, rather than
(ii)
collecting DNA directly from a polar bear.
(2)
(iii) Place a cross in the box next to the method used to separate DNA.
(1)
A amniocentesis
B gel electrophoresis
C polymerase chain reaction
D proteomics
(iv) Suggest how the scientists could conclude that the DNA they identified came
from both the polar bear and a seal.
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(2)
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7 A biosphere is a specialised building that can be used to study living organisms in a
controlled environment. A biosphere acts as a model of their natural habitat.
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(c) In one study of a biosphere, species richness decreased. It was found that the uptake of
carbon dioxide and plant productivity also decreased.
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This was linked to a decrease in the use of the light energy in the biosphere.
(i) Explain the meaning of the term species richness.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
(ii) Suggest why a decrease in species richness would decrease the use of light energy
in the biosphere.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
(iii) Explain why the uptake of carbon dioxide and plant productivity both decrease as
species richness decreased.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . . . ..................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
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8 Mountain hares are small mammals that eat a number of species of plants.
The habitats of hares can be identified by looking for grazed plants and pellets left at
individual pellets
Magnification ×1
Percentage of quadrats
Habitat
containing pellets (%)
Young heather 84
Old heather 20
Wavy hair grass 50
Bilberry 30
Mat grass 20
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*(i) Describe how an investigation could be carried out to collect the data shown
in this table.
(5)
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State two conclusions that can be made from the results of this investigation.
(ii)
(2)
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(iii) Suggest the limitations of using the percentage of quadrats containing pellets
as an indication of the food preferences of mountain hares.
(3)
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Every effort has been made to contact copyright holders to obtain their permission for the use of copyright material.
Edexcel, a product of Pearson Education Ltd. will, if notified, be happy to rectify any errors or omissions and include any
such rectifications in future editions.
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