Nihal Gabr: 2A Membrane, and Transport

2A Membrane, and transport:
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Dr
Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 186

Biology Topic 2: Membranes, proteins, DNA and Gene Expression
(2A) Membranes and transport

1 January 2013 Code: 6BI01/01 Paper 1
2A.1 Cell membranes
it has phospholipide bilayer , channel of carrier protein and it has proteins
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Ni
2A.3. Osmosis
&
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Dr

the conc of of molecules of p increases inside the cell

diffusion from high to low concentration gradient , after sometimes
conc. of p inside cell equal concentration
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&
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Dr

2 January 2014 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

2A. 2. Cell transport and diffusion
water is a polar solvent and its dipolar Linked to 1A.1.

The chemistry of
life
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(1)
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Ni
2A. 4. Active transport
&
n
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Dr

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Ni
&
energy is required , chloride ions moves against conc gradient

n
wa
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Dr

high chloride ions in the lumen , water moves inside the lumen by osmosis
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Ni
2A. 2. Cell transport and diffusion & 2A .4. Active transport
&
(3)
n
wa
both uses protien and ATP

ag
.N
Dr

2A.6. The mammalian gas exchange system
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Ni
&
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alveoli
ag
surface area
.N
oxygen
Dr
diffusion

3 May 2014 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

2A.1. Cell membranes
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Ni
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tail is hydrophopic , head is hydrophilic
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2A.3. Osmosis
(3) Ni
&
n
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.N
Dr

increase in the temp causes more to be realsed

it increase the chloride ions
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Ni
diffusion , increases with temperature , incresese the temp gives increase
permeability of membrane
&
n
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Dr


many small alveoli , covered by capillaries , large surface area for gas exchange
thin capillaries for faster diffusion
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Ni
&
2A.5. The need for gas exchange surface

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Dr
short diffusion distance

fatty acid chains are hydrophobic

phosphate groups are hydrophilic
two monolayers from a billayer
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Ni
phospholipids can move in plasma membrane
&
protein randomly inserted in plasma
n
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Dr

2A.2. Cell transport and diffusion & 2A.5. the need for gas exchange surface
(6)
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Ni
&
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.N
the color intensity increase as the permeability of the membrane increase

Dr
conc. of alcohol at 10% have no effect on the membrane

the rate of diffusion increase and the solution will be

darker
r
ab
smaller surface area , solution will be darker
lG
ha
Ni
2A.3. Osmosis
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

repeat the experiment
r
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use more additional conc of the salt
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
they will swell when the water is entering the cell by osmosis
wa
from hight to low conc gradient

ag
.N
Dr

2A.2. Cell transport and diffusion

(8)
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Ni
cell membrane is selectivaly permeable to potassium ion solution
&
it diffuses
n
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ag
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Dr

2A.4. Active transport

(8) b-
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in presence of glucose , potassuim enter the cell , potassium taken up
Ni
against conc gradient , need for glucose for energy
&
n
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.N
Dr


2A.5. The need for gas exchange surface & 2A.6. the mammalian gas exchange
system
r
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lG
ha
Ni
&

n

wa
(2)
ag
folded into large number of alveoli , providing large surface , walls of alveoli
are thin , the walls are single layer of flatten cells , thin walls for shorter diffusion distance
.N
Dr

reduce blood flow so it decrease conc gradient Linked to 1B.2.

The role of the
blood
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Ni
&
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Dr

r
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Ni
&
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Dr

r
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Ni 15.4
&
combines with fatty acid tails , pulls the fatty acid chains toghter
reducing the movement of the Phospholipids
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

2A.3. Osmosis
(4)
active transport of potassium ion requiring ATP
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lG
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water gets in by osmosis from high to low water conc.
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr


par
phospholipids is hydrophopic , and another part is hydrophilic
r
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lG
ha
Ni
&
2A.2. Cell transport & diffusion & 2A.3. Osmosis
(7)
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

r
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by diffusion down conc gradient
Ni
&
n
wa

2A.2. Cell transport & diffusion
ag
.N
Dr
movement down conc gradient that it passes throught channel protein

without using ATP

temp diffusion distance
r
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Ni
&
n
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.N
as the mass inc the oxygen increase allow for more increase for gas exchange
Dr

phospholipid bilayer , having polar heads and non polar tails , they have protein in the
membrane , having cholesterol within the membrane
r
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Ni
&
(7)
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ag
.N
Dr

r
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9 May 2017
Ni Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1
&
n
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Dr
phospholipid
protein between phospholipid , phospholipds are free to move ,


(6)
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Dr

r
ab
2A.5. The need for gas exchange surfaces
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
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ag
.N
Dr

r
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ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

2A.6.The mammalian gas exchange system

(8)
r
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Ni
&

n

wa
ag
.N
Dr

r
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Ni
&
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ag
.N
Dr

2A.2. Cell transport and diffusion, 2A.3. Osmosis & 2A.4. Active transport
r
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ha
(5)
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

r
ab
2A.6. The mammalian gas exchange
lG
ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

r
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ha
Ni
&
n
wa
ag
.N
Dr

r
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Ni
&
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.N
Dr

r
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ions move from high to low conc gradient by diffusion
ha
Ni
&
n
wa

2A.3. Osmosis
ag
(5)b-
.N
Dr

r
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lG
ha
Ni
13 January 2019 Code: WBI11/01 Paper1
&
n
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Dr

r
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(5)
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Ni
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Dr

r
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Ni
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Dr
Linked to
2A.1. Cell
membranes

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Dr

Linked to
1A.1. Cell
membranes
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Ni
&
Linked to 1B.2.
n
Role of the blood

wa
& 2B.1. Enzymes

ag
.N
Dr

2A.6. The Mammalian gas exchange
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&
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Dr

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&
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Dr

r
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Dr

14 June 2019 Code: WBI01/01 Paper1

2A.4. Active transport
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Linked to
2A.4.
Active
transport


(6)
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&
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Dr

r
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15 October 2019 Code: WBI11/01
Ni Paper1
2A.2 Cell transport, 2A.3. Osmosis & 2A.4. Active transport
&
n
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.N
Dr

r
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Ni
2A.2. cell transport & diffusion & 2A.4. Active transport
(5)
&
n
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.N
Dr

sub k is taken up by active transport , but sub l is taken by diffusion
r
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2A.1. Cell membrane
Ni
&
n
the membrane is fluid , phospholipids and protein can move within the membrane
wa
presence of cholestrol
ag
.N
Dr
Linked to 2A.2. Cell

transport & diffusion

16 January 2020 Code: WBI11/01 Paper1

r
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Ni
&
pond water has higher conc gradient then cytoplasm

n
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Dr
t
it doesnt have cell wall , so water cant be stooped from getting in
so the cell will brust

2A.2. Cell transport and diffusion, 2A.3.Osmosis & 2A.4. Active transport
(5)
r
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ha
Ni
&
n
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.N
Dr

r
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ha
Ni
&
n
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ag
.N
Dr


(7)
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Ni
&
n
water vapour is added to air

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Dr
841

r
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&
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Dr

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2A Membrane, and transport:

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 186

(2A) Membranes and transport

it has phospholipide bilayer , channel of carrier protein and it has proteins

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 187

the conc of of molecules of p increases inside the cell

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 188

2 January 2014 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

water is a polar solvent and its dipolar Linked to 1A.1.

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 189

energy is required , chloride ions moves against conc gradient

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 190

both uses protien and ATP

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 191

2A.6. The mammalian gas exchange system

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 192

3 May 2014 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 193

tail is hydrophopic , head is hydrophilic

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 194

increase in the temp causes more to be realsed

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 195

4 January 2015 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

2A.5. The need for gas exchange surface

short diffusion distance

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 196

2A.1. Cell membranes

fatty acid chains are hydrophobic

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 197

the color intensity increase as the permeability of the membrane increase

conc. of alcohol at 10% have no effect on the membrane

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 198

the rate of diffusion increase and the solution will be

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 199

repeat the experiment

from hight to low conc gradient

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 200

2A.2. Cell transport and diffusion

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 201

2A.4. Active transport

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 202

5 May 2015 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

6 January 2016 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

2A.6. The mammalian gas exchange system

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 203

reduce blood flow so it decrease conc gradient Linked to 1B.2.

2A.1. Cell membranes

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 204

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 205

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 206

active transport of potassium ion requiring ATP

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 207

7 May 2016 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

phospholipids is hydrophopic , and another part is hydrophilic

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 208

8 January 2017 Code: WBI01/01 Paper 1

movement down conc gradient that it passes throught channel protein

Dr.Nagwan Gabr& Dr. Nihal Gabr 209

2A.6. The mammalian gas exchange system