Chap 2 Part2 Polynomials
Chap 2 Part2 Polynomials
Chap 2 Part2 Polynomials
VARIABLES
Example: x, y, z, etc.
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CONSTANT
Examples:
e = 2.7182818284590…
-26
3
5
0
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COEFFICIENT
Examples:
Numerical Literal
Coefficient Coefficient
2y 2 y
x2y5 1 x2y5
-4b2 -4 b2
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TERM
Example:
8x – 4y + 4 has three terms namely 8x, -4y and 4.
x2 – y2 has two terms namely x2 and –y2
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TERM
Examples:
Similar terms:3x2y, -4x2y, -0.25x2y
(common literal coefficient is x2y)
xy
𝑎+𝑏−𝑐
7
6a2b4 – 3a4b6
20x – 5
5x + 5y
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POLYNOMIAL
Examples:
In the polynomial a3 + a2 + a + 8
The degree of the first term a3 is 3.
The degree of the second term a2 is 2.
The degree of the third term a is 1.
The degree of the last term 8 (constant) is 0.
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Degree of a Term
Examples:
In the polynomial 2x4y5z2 – 2x3y4z
The degree of the first term 2x4y5z2 is 11
The degree of the second term –2x3y4z is 8
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Degree of a Polynomial
Examples:
abcdwxyz
5b
-cd
3𝑥 2 𝑦
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Kinds of Polynomials
Examples:
8𝑎2 𝑏 4 − 6𝑎4 𝑏 6
12x – 4
5x + 3y
9–g
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Kinds of Polynomials
Examples:
𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 𝑧2
q – 2r – 3z
6𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 2 − 4𝑎3 𝑏 3
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Kinds of Polynomials
Examples:
3𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 5𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 4𝑎𝑏 − 2𝑏𝑐 − 2𝑎𝑐
𝑥𝑦 3 + 3𝑥𝑦 4 − 4𝑥𝑦 + 5𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 4𝑥 4 𝑦 2
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Exercises
2𝑦
2) − 𝑥3
𝑥
3) 3 𝑥 + 5𝑦
3
4) 2𝑥𝑦 + 2
3𝑥+1
5)
2
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Exercises
B. Determine the type of polynomial, the degree of each term, and
the degree of the polynomial. Copy the table except the example.
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Addition of Polynomials
Solution:
Adding horizontally
(write similar terms in one grouping symbol)
(4x + 3) + (6x – 2) + (2x + 3) = (4x + 6x + 2x) + (3 – 2 + 3)
= 12x + 4
OR
Adding vertically (write similar terms in one column)
4x + 3
6x – 2
2x + 3
12x + 4
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Addition of Polynomials
1. (3x + 4) – (2x – 1)
Subtracting horizontally:
(3x + 4) – (2x – 1)
=3x + 4 – 2x + 1
= 3x – 2x + 4+ 1
=x+5
OR
Subtracting vertically:
3x + 4
-2x + 1
x+5
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Subtraction of Polynomials
-x² + 2x –4
3x² – 2xy + 5y²
-9x² +8
-7x² + 2x – 2xy + 5y² + 4
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Multiplication of Polynomials
3. (2y – 6)(3y² + 5y + 3)
= 2y (3y² + 5y + 3) – 6(3y² + 5y + 3)
= 6𝑦 3 + 10y² + 6y – 18y² – 30y – 18
= 6𝑦 3 – 8y² – 24y – 18
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Multiplication of Polynomials
45𝑎2 𝑏5
1. = −𝟏𝟓𝒂𝒃𝟐
−3𝑎𝑏3
2𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 −3𝑥+7
1.
𝑥−2
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2𝑥 2 + 9x + 15 +
𝑥−2
x – 2 2𝑥 3 + 5𝑥 2 – 3x + 7
–(2𝑥 3 –4𝑥 2 )
9𝑥 2 –3x
–(9𝑥 2 –18x)
15x + 7
–(15x–30)
37
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Division of Polynomials
2𝑥 3 +5𝑥 2 −3𝑥+7
Using the same example
𝑥−2
Step 1: Write down the constant of the divisor with the
sign changed.
The divisor is 𝒙 − 2. The constant is −2.
Changing the sign, we have 2.
2
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Division of Polynomials
𝑥3 𝑥2 𝑥 𝑐
2 2 5 −3 7
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Division of Polynomials
2
Step 4: Multiply 2 by the divisor 2 and add to the
next coefficient.
5+4=9
2 2 5 −3 7
2(2)=4
4
2 9
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Division of Polynomials
𝑦 3 +4𝑦 2 −9
2. =? 𝑦 3 + 4𝑦 2 − 9 → 𝑦 3 + 4𝑦 2 + 0𝑦 − 9
𝑦+3
𝑦3 𝑦2 𝑦 𝑐
−3 1 4 0 −9
−3 −3 9
1 1 −3 0
𝑦2 𝑦 𝑐 𝑟
𝑦 3 +4𝑦 2 −9
Hence, = 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒚 − 𝟑
𝑦+3
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Division of Polynomials