Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 98 views

    Chapter 12 (Vapor Power Systems) : Reheat Rankine Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Nagham Murad
    The document discusses the reheat Rankine cycle. It has two stages of heat addition separated by reheating the steam between the high and low pressure turbines. This increases the thermal efficiency by about 4-5% compared to the simple Rankine cycle. An example calculation is shown for a system operating between pressures of 3 MPa and 10 kPa, with steam reheated to 300°C. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is calculated to be 32.39%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chapter 12 (Vapor Power Systems) : Reheat Rankine Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Nagham Murad
    98 views8 pages
    The document discusses the reheat Rankine cycle. It has two stages of heat addition separated by reheating the steam between the high and low pressure turbines. This increases the thermal efficiency by about 4-5% compared to the simple Rankine cycle. An example calculation is shown for a system operating between pressures of 3 MPa and 10 kPa, with steam reheated to 300°C. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is calculated to be 32.39%.

    Original Description:

    Original Title

    3- Reheat Cycle

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses the reheat Rankine cycle. It has two stages of heat addition separated by reheating the steam between the high and low pressure turbines. This increases the thermal efficiency by about 4-5% compared to the simple Rankine cycle. An example calculation is shown for a system operating between pressures of 3 MPa and 10 kPa, with steam reheated to 300°C. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is calculated to be 32.39%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    98 views8 pages

    Chapter 12 (Vapor Power Systems) : Reheat Rankine Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Nagham Murad
    The document discusses the reheat Rankine cycle. It has two stages of heat addition separated by reheating the steam between the high and low pressure turbines. This increases the thermal efficiency by about 4-5% compared to the simple Rankine cycle. An example calculation is shown for a system operating between pressures of 3 MPa and 10 kPa, with steam reheated to 300°C. The thermal efficiency of this cycle is calculated to be 32.39%.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Chapter 12 (Vapor Power Systems)

    REHEAT RANKINE CYCLE

    Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Reheat Rankine cycle:
    It has been showed that by increasing the temperature of steam at entry of
    the turbine increases the average temperature at which heat is added.
    Therefore the thermal efficiency of ideal Rankine cycle can be increased
    by about 4 to 5 % compared with the ideal simple Rankine cycle for the
    same conditions and reduces the moisture content of steam of the final
    stage of the turbine.

    Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Analysis of reheat Rankine cycle:
    The steady flow energy equations on a unit of mass basis while assuming
    ΔKE = 0 & ΔPE = 0 is written as:
    Process (1-2) isentropic compression (Pump): (𝑠1 = 𝑠2 ) & (Q = 0)
    State 1 is considered as a saturated liquid state (𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑓 ) & (ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓 )
    𝑊1−2 = 𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 𝑊𝑃 = ℎ2 - ℎ1 & 𝑊𝑃 = ∫v * dP = 𝑣1 * (𝑃2 - 𝑃1 )
    Process (2-3) constant pressure heat addition (Boiler): (𝑃2 = 𝑃3 )
    State 3 is considered as saturated vapor or superheated vapor state (check)
    𝑄2−3 = 𝑄𝑖𝑛 = ℎ3 - ℎ2
    Process (3-4) isentropic expansion (High Pressure Turbine): (𝑠3 = 𝑠4 )
    𝑊3−4 = 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑊𝐻𝑃𝑇 = ℎ3 - ℎ4
    Process (4-5) constant pressure heat addition (Reheat): (𝑃4 = 𝑃5 )
    𝑄4−5 = 𝑄𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 = ℎ5 - ℎ4
    Process (5-6) isentropic expansion (Low Pressure Turbine): (𝑠5 = 𝑠6 )
    𝑊5−6 = 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑊𝐿𝑃𝑇 = ℎ5 - ℎ6 Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Analysis of reheat Rankine cycle:
    Process (6-1) constant pressure heat rejection (Condenser): (𝑃6 = 𝑃1 )
    Check ℎ6 depend upon 𝑠6 (whether saturated vapor or mixture)
    𝑄6−1 = 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 = ℎ6 - ℎ1

    Thermodynamic Cycle: (𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 )


    𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (𝑊𝐻𝑃𝑇 + 𝑊𝐿𝑃𝑇 ) - 𝑊𝑃 & 𝑄𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (𝑄𝑖𝑛 + 𝑄𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 ) - 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡
    𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘
    Thermal efficiency (η𝑡ℎ ) =
    𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑

    𝑊𝑃
    Back work ratio (BWR) =
    𝑊𝑆𝑇

    Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Example (12.10) page (141):
    In an ideal reheat Rankine cycle, the steam enters the high-pressure turbine at pressure
    of 3 MPa and temperature off 300ºC. The steam expands to 300 kPa and is then
    reheated to 300ºC and enters the low-pressure turbine. The steam then expands to the
    condenser pressure of 10 kPa. Determine the thermal efficiency of the cycle.
    Solution

    Given that:
    P2 = P3 = 3 MPa
    T3 = T5 = 300ºC
    P4 = P5 = 300 kPa
    P6 = P1 = 10 kPa
    Required: η𝒕𝒉

    Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Example (12.10) page (141):
    Process (1-2) isentropic compression (Pump): (𝑠1 = 𝑠2 ) & (Q = 0)
    𝑊1−2 = 𝑊𝑖𝑛 = 𝑊𝑃 = ℎ2 - ℎ1 & 𝑊𝑃 = ∫v * dP = 𝑣1 * (𝑃2 - 𝑃1 )
    From saturated water table (P) @ 20 kPa (page 20) (state 1 is a saturated liquid state)
    𝑣1 = 𝑣𝑓 = 0.001010 𝑚3 /kg, ℎ1 = ℎ𝑓 = 191.83 kJ/kg, ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 2392.8 kJ/kg,
    ℎ𝑔 = 2584.7 kJ/kg, 𝑠𝑓 = 0.6493 kJ/kg K, 𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 7.5009 kJ/kg K, 𝑠𝑔 = 8.1502 kJ/kg K
    𝑊𝑃 = 𝑣1 * (𝑃2 - 𝑃1 ) = 0.001010 * (3000 – 20) = 3.01 kJ/kg
    ℎ2 = 𝑊𝑃 + ℎ1 = 3.01 + 191.83 = 194.84 kJ/kg
    Process (2-3) constant pressure heat addition (Boiler): (𝑃2 = 𝑃3 )
    𝑄2−3 = 𝑄𝑖𝑛 = ℎ3 - ℎ2
    From saturated water table (P) @ 3 MPa (page 22) (𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 233.9 ºC ˂ T3) (Superheated)
    From water - superheated vapor table @ 3 MPa & 300 °C (page 28)
    T ºC h (kJ/kg)
    320 −300 3043.4 − ℎ3
    = 3043.4 −2941.3 (ℎ3 = 2992.35 kJ/kg) 280 2941.3
    320 −280

    𝑄𝑖𝑛 = ℎ3 - ℎ2 = 2992.35 – 194.84 = 2797.51 kJ/kg 300 ℎ3


    320 3043.4 Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Example (12.10) page (141):
    Process (3-4) isentropic expansion (High Pressure Turbine): (𝑠3 = 𝑠4 ) & (Q = 0)
    𝑊3−4 = 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑊𝐻𝑃𝑇 = ℎ3 - ℎ4 T ºC s (kJ/kg K)
    320 −300 6.6245 − 𝑠 280 6.4462
    320 −280
    3
    = 6.6245 − 6.4462 (𝑠3 = 𝑠4 = 6.53535 kJ/kg K)
    300 𝑠3 = 𝑠4
    Check whether state 3 is saturated vapor or superheated vapor
    320 6.6245
    From saturated water table (𝑃4 = 𝑃5 = 300 kPa) (Page 21)
    𝑠𝑔 = 6.9919 kJ/kg K ˃ 𝑠4 = 6.53535 kJ/kg K (Mixture)
    𝑠4 = 𝑠𝑓 + x * 𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 1.6718 + (x * 5.3201) (x = 0.91)
    ℎ4 = ℎ𝑓 + x * ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 561.47 + (0.91 * 2163.8) (ℎ4 = 2539.56 kJ/kg)
    𝑊𝐻𝑃𝑇 = ℎ3 - ℎ4 = 2992.35 – 2539.56 = 452.8 kJ/kg
    Process (4-5) constant pressure heat addition (Reheat): (𝑃4 = 𝑃5 )
    𝑄4−5 = 𝑄𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 = ℎ5 - ℎ4
    From saturated water table (P) @ 0.3 MPa (page 21) (𝑡𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 133.55 ºC ˂ T5) (Superheated)
    From water - superheated vapor table @ 0.3 MPa & 300 °C (page 27)
    Ahmed Elsayed
    Vapor Power Systems
     Example (12.10) page (141):
    ℎ5 = 3069.35 kJ/kg & 𝑠5 = 7.7010 kJ/kg K
    𝑄𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 = ℎ5 - ℎ4 = 3069.5 – 2539.56 = 529.79 kJ/kg
    Process (5-6) isentropic expansion (Low Pressure Turbine): (𝑠5 = 𝑠6 )
    𝑊5−6 = 𝑊𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑊𝐿𝑃𝑇 = ℎ5 - ℎ6
    Check whether state 6 is saturated vapor or superheated vapor
    From saturated water table (𝑃6 = 𝑃1 = 10 kPa) (Page 20)
    𝑠𝑔 = 8.1502 kJ/kg K ˃ 𝑠6 = 7.7010 kJ/kg K (Mixture)
    𝑠6 = 𝑠𝑓 + x * 𝑠𝑓𝑔 = 0.6493 + (x * 7.5009) (x = 0.94)
    ℎ6 = ℎ𝑓 + x * ℎ𝑓𝑔 = 191.83 + (0.94 * 2392.8) (ℎ6 = 2441.33 kJ/kg)
    𝑊𝐿𝑃𝑇 = ℎ5 - ℎ6 = 3069.35 – 2441.33 = 628.02 kJ/kg

    𝑊𝑛𝑒𝑡 = (𝑊𝐻𝑃𝑇 + 𝑊𝐿𝑃𝑇 ) - 𝑊𝑃 & 𝑄𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = (𝑄𝑖𝑛 + 𝑄𝑟𝑒ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡 )


    𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝑊𝑜𝑟𝑘 452.8+628.02 −3.01
    Thermal efficiency (η𝑡ℎ ) = 𝐻𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑑 = = 32.39%
    (2797.5+529.79) Ahmed Elsayed

    You might also like