JavaScript

In 8 Hours
By Ray Yao

For Beginners Learn JavaScript Fast!

 Copyright © 2015 by Ray Yao
All Rights Reserved

Neither part of this e-book nor whole of this e-book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by
any means electronic, photographic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
information storage or retrieval system, without prior written permission from the author.
Ray Yao
About the Author
Ray Yao:
Certified PHP engineer by Zend, USA
Certified JAVA programmer by Sun, USA
Certified SCWCD developer by Oracle, USA
Certified A+ professional by CompTIA, USA
Certified ASP. NET expert by Microsoft, USA
Certified MCP professional by Microsoft, USA
Certified TECHNOLOGY specialist by Microsoft, USA
Certified NETWORK+ professional by CompTIA, USA

Ray Yao’s books:
Linux Command Line
JAVA 100 Tests for interview
PHP 100 Tests for Interview
JAVA in 8 Hours
PHP in 8 Hours
JavaScript in 8 Hours
C++ in 8 Hours
Ray Yao's books

Preface
“JAVASCRIPT in 8 Hours” is a useful book for beginners. You can learn
complete primary knowledge of JavaScript fast and easily. The straightforward
definitions, the plain and simple examples, the elaborate explanations and the
neat and beautiful layout feature this helpful and educative book. You will be
impressed by the new distinctive composing style. Reading this book is a great
enjoyment! You can master all essential JavaScript skill in 8 hours.
Start Coding Today!
Table of Contents

Hour 1 JavaScript Basic
What is JavaScript?
Comment
Keywords
Variables
Data Types
Escape Sequences
Functions
Function with Arguments
Return Values
Variable Scope
Show the Texts
Hour 2 Operators
Arithmetical Operators
Logical Operators
Assignment Operators
Comparison Operators
Conditional Operator
If Statement
If-else Statement
Switch Statement
For Loop
While Loop
Do-While Loop
Hour 3 Array
Create an Array
Show array element values
 Get the Size of Array
Join Array Elements
Reverse Element Order
Slice Elements
Sort Elements in Order
Change Elements to String
Search Specific Element (1)
Search Specific Element (2)
Hour 4 Math, Time
Math Methods
Ceil ( ) & Floor ( )
Max ( ) & Min ( )
Math.PI & random( )
Date & Time
Date, Month, Year, Day
Hours, Minutes, Seconds
Different Time
Set Date & Time
Timer Function
Hour 5 String
String length
Join Strings
Search a Character
Convert Character Case
Change String to Array
Extract Substring
Convert a Number to String
Convert a String to a Number
Search Specific Text (1)
Search Specific Text (2)
Hour 6 Object
 Object Declaration
Navigate Web Page
Go to Specified Page
Open Customized Window
Confirmation
Prompt to Input
Address Element by ID
Address Element by Tag Name
Break Statement
Continue Statement
Hour 7 Event
HTML Basic
Click Event
Onload Event
Unload Event
Mouseover Event
Mouseout Event
Onkeydown Event
Onkeyup Event
Focus Event
Blur Event
Hour 8 Work with Form
Form Basic
Access Form Attributes
Assign Text Value
Reset Method
Submit Method
“Select” Selection
“Radio” Selection
“CheckBox” Selection
JavaScript: Function ( ) (1)
 JavaScript: Function ( ) (2)
Appendix HTML & CSS
HTML Review
HTML Symbols
CSS Review
Conclusion


Hour 1

JavaScript Basic
What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a dynamic computer programming language used to make web
pages interactive. Its interpreter is embedded inside web browser software, such
as IE, Chrome, and Firefox etc. It runs on visitor's computer and browser.
The syntax of JavaScript looks like this:
<script type = “text/javascript”>

……

</Script>
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
alert (“Hello World”);
</Script>
( Output: Hello World )
Explanation:
“<script type = “text/javascript”>” is a tags for JavaScript. The JavaScript codes
are included within it.
“alert” pops up an alert box displaying a message.
“alert (“Hello World”)” displays “Hello World” message.
JavaScript block can located anywhere in HTML.
Comment
Comment is used to explain the code.
// This is a single line comment /*
This is a multi line comment; JavaScript interpreter
will ignore both single line comment and multi line
comment.

*/
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
alert (“Hello World”); // “alert” pops up a message.
/* “alert” pops up an alert box displaying a message “Hello
World”. “alert( )” is usually used if you want to make sure message comes
through to the user. */
</Script>
Explanation:
// “alert” pops up a message is a single line comment.
/* “alert” pops up an alert box displaying a message “Hello World”. …… */ is a
multi line comment.
Note that each JavaScript command ends with semicolon;
Keywords
Keywords belong to JavaScript itself. These may not be used when choosing
identifier names for variables, functions, properties.
The following are part of JavaScript keywords:
break case continue default
delete do else export
false for function if
import in new null
return switch this true
typeof var void while
with Array Date Math
Object window location history
navigator document images links
forms elements getElementById innerHTML
Example:
break // this is a JavaScript keyword.
return // this is a JavaScript keyword.
Explanation:
JavaScript keyword may not be used when choosing identifier names for
variables, functions, properties.
Variables
Variable is a symbolic name associated with a value. Variable uses “var” to
define.
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
var abcde;
var abc888;
var my_variable;
<script>
Explanation:
abcde, abc888 and my_variable are all variables.
They can store some value. e.g.
var abcde=100;
var abc888=”Hello World”;
var my_variable=true;
Notice that variable naming cannot start with number, cannot have space. e.g.
“23var”, “abc de” are invalid variable name.
But “var23”, “abcde” are valid variable name.
Data Types
string – a character or a string of characters number – an integer or floating
point number boolean – a value with true or false.
function – a user-defined method object – a built-in or user-defined object
Example:
var mystring= “I am a string”;
var myinteger=168;
var myfloat=12.88;
var mybool=true;
Explanation:
var mystring=”I am a string”; // mystring data type is string.
var myinteger=168; // myinteger data type is number.
var myfloat=12.88; // myfloat data type is number.
var mybool=true; // mybool data type is boolean.
Note: Double quotes are always used in string. e.g. “abcde”, “learning”.
Escape Sequences
The “ \ ” backslash character can be used to escape characters.
\n outputs content to the next new line.
\r makes a return
\t makes a tab
\’ outputs a single quotation mark.
\” outputs a double quotation mark.
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
alert (“JavaScript says \”Hello World! \” ”); </script>
(Output: “Hello World” )
Explanation:
\” outputs a double quotation mark. Note that “Hello World” has a double
quotation with it. Another sample: \t makes a tab
alert (“Hello \t\t\t World”); // Note here has three taps
( Output: Hello World )
Functions
A function is a code block that can repeat to run many times. To define a
function, use “function function-name ( ) { }”.
function function-name ( ) {……}
To call a function, use “function-name ( );”
function-name ( );
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
function test( ){
alert (“show a sample”);

test ( );
</script>
(Output: show a sample)
Explanation:
“function test( ) { }” is a declaration of test( ) function.
“test( )” is a command to call a function named test( ){ }.
When running the function test ( ), it will output “show a sample”.
Function with Arguments
A function can have one or more arguments inside the bracket. Arguments are
used to pass data to function.

function function-name ( var arg ) {……}

To call a function, use “function-name (argument);”
function-name (argument );
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
function test( var arg ){
alert ( arg );

test(“display a sample”);
</script>
(Output: display a sample)
Explanation:
When test(“display a sample”) call the function test(var arg){…}, it will pass the
“display a sample” to var arg. After var arg has received the data, it will pass the
data inside the function. alert ( arg ) will use the data, and then outputs “display a
sample”.
Return Values
“return” can return a value to the caller.

function function-name ( var arg ) { return value }

To call a function, use “function-name (argument);”
function-name (argument );
Example:
function cube(var num){
return num*num*num

alert ( cube(2) ); ( Output: 8 )

Explanation:
“cube (2)” means that cube(2) calls the function cube(var num){ }, and pass the
argument “2” to var num.
“return num*num*num” returns the result to caller “cube(2)”, you can treat it as
“cube(2) = return num*num*num”, assigning the value to cube(2).
“alert ( cube(2) )” will show the result of cube(2);
Variable Scope
Global variable is declared outside the function, it can be used in everywhere;
local variable is declared inside the function, it is only used inside current
function.
Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
var num=200; // This variable num is global variable.
function test( ){
var num=100; // This variable num is local variable }
alert (num);
</script>
(Output: 200)
Explanation:
“alert (num)” outputs 200, which means variable num stores a value of global
variable.
Local variables are only visible within the function block where they are
declared.
Show the Texts


document.write( )

“document.write( )” simply prints or display the specified text to the current web
page.

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
document.write (“Hello World Again!”); </script>
( Output: Hello World Again! )

Explanation:
“document.write (“Hello World Again!”)” displays characters directly into the
HTML page.
Note that “alert ( )” pops open a dialog box showing a message.
Hour 2

Operators
Arithmetical Operators
Operators Running

+ add or connect strings

- subtract

* multiply

/ divide

% get modulus

increase 1 or decrease
++ or --
1
% modulus operator divides the first operand by the second operand, returns the
remainder. e.g. 4%2, remainder is 0.
Example:
var add=100+200; alert (add); var div=800/2; alert ( div ); var mod=10%3;
alert ( mod ); var inc=10; alert ( ++inc ); var str=”abc”+”de”; alert ( str );
Explanation:
var add=100+200; alert ( add ) will output 300
var div=800/2; alert ( div ) will output 400;
var mod=10%3; alert ( mod ) will output 1;
var inc=10; alert ( ++inc ) will output 11;
var str=”abc”+”de”; alert ( str ) will output abcde.
Logical Operators

Operators Equivalent
&& and

|| or

! not
After using logical operators, the result will be true or false.
Example:
var x=true; var y=false;
var a=x && y; alert ( a ); // output: false var b=x || y; alert ( b ); // output:
true var c=! x; alert ( c ); // output: false
Explanation:

true && true && false
true; returns false; returns &&false;
true; false; returns false;

true II true; true II false; false II false;
returns true; returns true; return false;

! false; ! true;

returns true; returns false;



Assignment Operators
Operators Examples: Equivalent:

+= x+=y x=x+y

-= x-=y x=x-y
*= x*=y x=x*y
/= x/=y x=x/y

%= x%=y x=x%y
Example:
var x=200; var y=100;
x+=y; alert ( x ); x/=y; alert ( x ); x-=y; alert ( x ); var m=”abc”; var n=”de”;
m+=n alert ( m );
Explanation:
x+=y; // x=x+y; alert ( x ); outputs 300
x/=y; // x=x/y; alert ( x ); outputs 2
x-=y; // x=x-y; alert ( x ); outputs 100
m+=n; // m=m+n; alert ( m ); outputs abcde
Comparison Operators

Operators Running
> greater than
< less than
>= greater than or equal
<= less than or equal

== equal

!= not equal
After using comparison operators, the result will be true or false.
Example:
var a=100; var b=200;
var result = (a>b); alert ( result ); var result = (a==b); alert ( result ); var result =
(a!=b); alert ( result );

Explanation:
var result = (a>b); // test 100>200; outputs false.
var result = (a==b); // test 100==200; outputs false.
var result = (a!=b); // test 100!=200; outputs true.
Conditional Operator

The syntax of conditional operator looks as following:

(test-expression) ? (if-true-do-this) : (if-false-do-this);
( test-expression) looks like a<b, x!=y, m==n. etc.

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
var a=100; var b=200;
var result=(a<b) ? ”apple” : ”boy”; alert ( result );
</script>
( Output: apple )
Explanation:
The output is “apple”.
The conditional operator use (a<b) to test the “a” and “b”, because “a” is less
than “b”, it is true. Therefore, the output is “apple”.
If Statement

if ( test-expression ) { // if true do this; }
“if statement” executes codes inside { … } only if a specified condition is true,
does not execute any codes inside {…} if the condition is false.

Example:
var a=200;
var b=100;
if (a>b){
alert ( ”a is greater than b.” );

(Output: a is greater than b.)

Explanation:
( a>b ) is a test expression, namely (200>100), if returns true, it will execute the
codes inside the { }, if returns false, it will not execute the codes inside the { }.
If-else Statement

if ( test-expression) { // if true do this; }
else { // if false do this; }

“if...else statement” runs some code if a condition is true and runs another code
if the condition is false
Example:
var a=100; var b=200;
if (a>b){
alert ( ”a is greater than b.”)

else {
alert ( “a is less than b” );

(Output: a is less than b.)

Explanation:
( a>b ) is a test expression, namely (100>200), if returns true, it will output ”a is
greater than b.” if returns false, it will output “a is less than b”.
Switch Statement
switch ( var variable )
{ case 1: if equals this case, do this; break;
case 2: if equals this case, do this; break;
case 3: if equals this case, do this; break;
default : if not equals any case, run default code;
break;

The value of variable will compare each case first, if equals one of the “case”
value; it will execute that “case” code. “break;” terminates the code running.
Example:
var number=20;
switch ( number ) {
case 10 : alert ( “Running case 10” ); break ; case 20 : alert ( “Running case 20”
); break; case 30 : alert ( “Running case 30” ); break; default : alert ( “Running
default code” ); break; }
(Output: Running case 20)
Explanation:
The number value is 20; it will match case 20, so it will run the code in case 20.
For Loop

for( init, test-expression, increment) { // some code; }
“for loop” runs a block of code by specified number of times.

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
for (var x = 0; x <= 5; x++) {
document.write ( "x " );

</script>
(Output: 012345 )

Explanation:
var x = 0 is an initializer,
x <= 5 is test-expression, the code will run at most 5 times.
x++ means that x will increase 1each loop.
After 5 times loop, the code will output 012345.
While Loop

while ( test-expression ) { // some js code in here; }
“while loop” loops through a block of code if the specified condition is true.

Sample:
var counter=0;
while (counter < 8){
document.write ( “&” );
counter++;

( Output: &&&&&&&& )

Explanation:
“counter< 8” is a test expression, if the condition is true, the code will loop less
than 8 times, until the counter is 8, then the condition is false, the code will stop
running.
Do-While Loop

do{ // some js code in here } while ( test-expression);
“do...while” loops through a block of code once, and then repeats the loop if the
specified condition is true.

Example:
var counter=0;
do {
document.write ( “@” );
counter++;
} while (counter<8); ( Output: @@@@@@@@ )

Explanation:
“counter< 8” is a test expression, if the condition is true, the code will loop less
than 8 times, until the counter is 8, then the condition is false, the code will stop
running.
 Hour 3

Array
Create an Array
An array is a particular variable, which can contain one or more value at a time.
new Array( ) creates an array.
The syntax to create an array:
var array-name = new Array (“value0”, “value1”, Other syntax to
“value2”); create an array:

var array-name = new Array ( );

array-name[index0] = “value1”;
array-name[index1] = “value1”;
array-name[index2] = “value2”;
Example:
var color = new Array ( ); color [0] = “red”;
color [1] = “blue”;
color [2] = “green”;
Explanation:
Above code creates an array, array name is “color”, and it has three elements:
color [0], color [1], color [2]. Its indexes are 0, 1, and 2. Its values are red, blue,
and green.
Note that index begins with zero.


Show array element values

To show array element values, use syntax as following:

document.write ( array-name[index] );

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
color = new Array(“yellow”, “purple”, “orange”);
document.write ( color[1] );
</script>
( Output: purple )
Explanation:
From above, you can know:
The value of color[0] is yellow.
The value of color[1] is purple.
The value of color[2] is orange.
Note that the indexes begin counting from zero.
Get the Size of Array

A function can get the size of an array.
array.length

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
var color = new Array(“yellow”, “purple”, “orange”);
var size = color.length; document.write ( size );
</script>
(Output: 3)

Explanation:
“var size=color.length” can return the size of array “color”, and assigns the size
of array to “size”.
new Array(“yellow”, “purple”, “orange”) has three elements, so its size is 3.
Join Array Elements

array.join( );

array.join(“ ”);

array.join(“ , ”);
array.join( ); can join all array elements without spaces.
array.join(“ “) can join all array elements by spaces.
array.join(“,”) can join all array elements by commas.
Example:
var arr = new Array( );
arr[0] = “I”;
arr[1] = “love”;
arr[2] = “JavaScript!”;
document.write( arr.join(“ ”) ); // join by spaces ( Output: I love JavaScript! )
Explanation:
arr.join(“ ”) can join all elements of the “arr” together by spaces. Of course you
can try arr.join(“,”) to join elements by commas.
Reverse Element Order

array.reverse( );
“array.reverse( )” can reverse the element order of an array.

Example:
var arr = new Array( “A”, “B”, “C” );
arr.reverse( ); // reverse the element order var rev = arr.join(“,”);
document.write( rev );
( Output: C, B, A )

Explanation:
“arr.reverse( )” reverses the element order of “arr” array.
“rev=arr.join(“,”)” joins all elements of “arr” array together and assign the value
with new element order to “rev”.
Slice Elements

array.slice( start, last-1)
“array.slice( start, last-1 )” can slice array elements into pieces, extract some
elements from start to last-1 index.
“start” means the first element.
“last-1” means the last-1 element.

Example:
var arr = new Array( “a”, “b”, “c”, “d”, “e”, “f” );
var sli =arr.slice( 2, 5 ); document.write( sli );
( Output: c, d, e )

Explanation:
“arr.slice ( 2, 5 )” extracts elements from “arr” array from 2 to 5-1 index. Note
that 5-1 index signify “e”, instead of “f”.
Sort Elements in Order

array.sort( )
“array.sort( )” can sort array elements orderly.

Example:
var arr = new Array( 2, 5, 3, 1, 4, 6 );
arr.sort ( );
var sor = arr.join(“,”); document.write( sor );
( Output: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 )

Explanation:
“arr.sort ( )” sort the elements of “arr” sequentially.
“var sor = arr.join(“,”)” joins the elements of “arr” by commas; and assign the
value to “sor”.

Change Elements to String

array.toString();
“array.toString()” can change the elements of an array to string.

Example:
var myarray = new Array( );
myarray[0] =”Mon”;
myarray[1] =”Tue”;
myarray[2] =”Wed”;
var threedays = myarray.toString( ); document.write( threedays );
( Output: Mon, Tue, Wed )

Explanation:
“myarray.toString( )” converts all elements in myarray to a string whose value is
“Mon, Tue, Wed”.
Search Specific Element (1)

indexOf( )
“indexOf( )” can find the first place where a particular element occurs in an
array.

Example:
var myarray = new Array( );
myarray[0] =”Mon”;
myarray[1] =”Tue”;
myarray[2] =”Wed”;
myarray[3] =”Tue”;
myarray.indexOf ( “Tue” );
( Returns 1)

Explanation:
“myarray.indexOf ( “Tue” )” returns the first place where the “Tue” occurs in
myarray. The output is 1.
If the element is not found in array, indexOf( ) returns -1.
Search Specific Element (2)

lastIndexOf( )
“lastIndexOf( )” can find the last place where a particular element occurs in an
array.

Example:
var myarray = new Array( );
myarray[0] =”Mon”;
myarray[1] =”Tue”;
myarray[2] =”Wed”;
myarray[3] =”Tue”;
myarray.lastIndexOf ( “Tue” );
( Returns 3)

Explanation:
“myarray.lastIndexOf ( “Tue” )” returns the last place where the “Tue” occurs in
myarray. The output is 3.
If the element is not found in array, lastIndexOf( ) returns -1.
 Hour 4

Math, Time
Math Methods
Method Returns
abs( ) a number’s absolute value
ceil( ) an integer greater than or equal its argument
cos( ) an angle’s trigonometric cosine
exp( ) a number’s Math.E to the power
floor( ) an integer less than or equal its argument.
log( ) a number’s natural logarithm
random( ) a random positive value from 0 to 1
max( ) a greater between two numbers
min( ) a smaller between two numbers
the first argument to the power of the
pow( )
second
round( ) an integer
sin( ) an angle’s trigonometric sine
sqrt( ) a number’s square root
tan( ) an angle’s trigonometric tangent
Example:
var num = 10.2;
document.write ( Math.round(num) ); (Output: 10)
Explanation:
Math.round(num) returns an integer of 10.2. Result is 10.
Ceil ( ) & Floor ( )
Math.ceil( );

Math.floor( );
“Math.ceil( );” returns an integer that is greater than or equal to its argument.
“Math.floor( );” returns an integer that is less than or equal to its argument.
Example:
var num = 9.5;
document.write ( “Ceiling number is”+Math.ceil( num ) ); document.write (
“Flooring number is”+Math.floor( num ) ); ( Output: Ceiling number is 10.0
Flooring number is 9.0 )

Explanation:
“Math.ceil( num ));” returns an integer that is greater than or equal 9.5, the result
is 10.0.
“Math.floor( num );” returns an integer that is less than or equal 9.5, the result is
9.0.
Max ( ) & Min ( )
Math.max( );

Math.min( );
“Math.max( )” returns the greater one between two numbers.
“Math.min( )” returns the less one between two numbers.

Example:
var x = 100;
var y = 200;
document.write (“Greater number is”+Math.max(x, y) ); document.write (“Less
number is”+Math.min(x, y) ); ( Output: Greater number is 200
Less number is 100)

Explanation:
“Math.max(x, y)” returns the greater number between 100 and 200, the result is
200.
“Math.min(x, y)” returns the less number between 100 and 200, the result is 100.
Math.PI & random( )

Math.PI

Math.random( )
Math.PI is a constant that stores the value of pi.
Math.random( ) generates a number between 0.0 to 1.0.
Example:
var pi = Math.PI; var ran = Math.random( );
document.write (“The PI value is” + pi);
document.write (“The random number is” + ran);
( Output: The PI value is 3.141592653589793
The random number is 0.16869328)
Explanation:
The value of Math.PI is 3.141592653589793.
Math.random( ) generates a random number between 0.0 to 1.0, in here the result
is 0.16869328.
Date & Time
JavaScript often use date and time to design the web page. When using date and
time, you must create an object of date first.

var DateObject = new Date( )

“new Date( )” can create an object of date.

Example:
var DateObject = new Date( ); alert ( DateObject );
( Output: Sun Apr 12 12:23 UTC 2015 )

Explanation:
“var DateObject = new Date( )” creates an object of date.
“alert ( DateObject )” displays the current date and time.
Note that: To create an object of date, you can use other variable name, for
instance: var now= new Date( ); var TimeObjcet = new Date( );
Date, Month, Year, Day
The Date Object has following method:
getDate( ) get the date
getMonth( ) get the month
getYear( ) get the year
getDay( ) get the day
Note that “getDay( )” returns from 0 (Sunday) to 6 (Saturday).
“getMonth( )” returns from 0 (January) to 11 (December).

Example:
var now = new Date ( );
var y = now.getYear( );
var d = now.getDate( );
alert ( y+ “ ” + d );
( Output: 2015 12 )
Explanation:
“now.getYear( )” returns the current year.
“now.getDate( )” returns the current date.
Hours, Minutes, Seconds
The Date Object has following method:
getHours( ) get the hours
getMinutes( ) get the minutes
getSeconds( ) get the seconds
getTime( ) get the time
Note that getTime( ) returns a number from January 1,1970 to current time.
Example:
var now = new Date( );
var h = now.getHours( ); var m = now.getMinutes( );
var s = now.getSeconds( ); alert ( “Current time is” + h+ “:” + m + “:” + s ); (
Output: Current time is 19:30:28 )
Explanation:
“getHours” returns the current hours.
“getMinutes” returns the current minutes.
“getSeconds” returns the current seconds.
Different Time
getUTCHours( )

getTimezoneOffset( )

“getUTCHours( )” returns the Greenwich Mean Time. (UTC)

“getTimezoneOffset( )” returns the time difference between UTC time and local
time. For example, if your time zone is GMT+2, -120 will be returned.
Example:
var now = new Date( );
var utc = now.getUTCHours( );
var timezone = now.getTimezoneOffset( );
alert ( utc + timezone );
( Output: 16: 20:38 300 )
Explanation:
“getUTCHours( )” returns the UTC time.
“getTimezoneOffeset” returns a number. For instance,
300 means Eastern Time. 360 means Central Time. 420 means Mountain Time.
480 means Pacific Time.
Set Date & Time
The Date Object has following method:
setFullYear( ) set the year
setMonth( ) set the month
setDate( ) set the date
setHours( ) set the hours
setMinutes( ) set the minutes
setSeconds( ) set the seconds
Note: Please use setFullYear( ) instead of setYear( ).

Example:
var now = new Date();
m= now.setMonth( 0 ); // 0 signify January d = now.setDate( 18 );
y = now.setFullYear( 2015 );
document.write ( m + d + y );
( Output: Jan 18 UTC 2015 )
Explanation:
“setMonth(0), setDate(18) and setFullYear(2015) set the month, date and year as
Jan 18 2015.
Timer Function
window.setTimeout( )
“window.setTimeout( )” can set interval time to perform an action repeatedly.
Example:
function autoTimer( ) // user-defined function

alert ( “Be Careful!” );

window.setTimeout( “autoTmer( )” , 10000 ); }
( Output: Be careful! )
Explanation:
window.setTimeout( “autoTimer( )” , 10000 ) has two arguments:
“autoTimer( )” calls the function “autotimer( ){ }”, which is a user-defined
function.
“10000” represents 10000 milliseconds, which sets every 10000 milliseconds for
autoTimer( ) to call function.
Alert “Be Careful!” displays every other 10 seconds.
 Hour 5

String
String length

string. length
“string.length” can calculate the string length.

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
var mystring = “I love JavaScript”;
var stringsize = mystring.length; document.write( “String length is” + stringsize
);
</script>
( Output: String length is 17 )

Explanation:
“mystring.length” returns the length of mystring, including spaces.
Join Strings

string1 + string2 + string3 + string4 + string 5……
The “+” operator is used to join strings together.

Example:
<script type = “text/javascript”>
var string1 = “JavaScript”;
var string2 = “is”;
var string3 = “very easy”;
alert ( string1 + string2 + string3 ); </script>
( Output: JavaScript is very easy )

Explanation:
“string1 + string2 + string3” uses “+” to concatenate strings together.
Search a Character

string.charAt( )
“string.chart( number )” is used to find a character at a string.
Argument “number” is an index of the string, beginning with 0.

Example:
var mystring = “JavaScript is easy”;
var charac = mystring.charAt ( 2 ); alert ( charac );
( Output: v )

Example:
“mystring.charAt( 2 )” find a character in mystring with index 2. The result is
“v”.
Note that index of string begins with zero.
Convert Character Case
string.toUpperCase( )

string.toLowerCase( )
“toUpperCase( )” and “toLowerCase( )” can change word’s case.
Example:
var mystring = "Hello World!";
var big = mystring.toUpperCase( ); var small = mystring.toLowerCase( );
document.write( “Uppercase is” + big + “\n” );
document.write( “Lowercase is” + small);
( Output: HELLO WORLD!
hello world! )

Explanation:
“mystring.toUpperCase( )” and “str.toLowerCase( )” change the case of
mystring.
“\n” changes to new line.
Change String to Array
string.split( “ ” );
“string.split(“ ”);” can change a string to an array.
Argument (“ ”) is a separator which separates the string to elements of the array
by space.
Example:
var mystring = “ JavaScript for Beginners”
var myarray = mystring.split( “ ” ); document.write( “\n” + myarray[0]);
document.write( “\n” + myarray[1]);
document.write( “\n” + myarray[2]);
( Output: JavaScript
for
Beginners )
Explanation:
“mystring.split( “ ” )” separates the string to elements by space separator, which
makes three elements: myarray[0], myarray[1], myarray[2].

Extract Substring

string.substr( start, length );
“substr( start, length )” can extract a substring from a string.
“start” argument specify the start position to extract.
“length” argument specify the substring length.

Example:
var mystring = “JavaScript is easy.”;
var sub = mystring.substr( 4, 6 ); alert ( sub );
( Output: Script )

Explanation:
“mystring.substr( 4, 6 )” extract a substring from mystring.
“( 4, 6 )” specify substring’s start position is 4, length is 6.
Note that string index begins with zero.
Convert a Number to String

number.toString( );
To meet the requirement of JS programming, sometimes a number needs to
convert to a string data type.
“number.toString( )” can change a number to a string.

Example:
var num1 = 12; var num2 = 68;
var str1 = num1.toString( ); var str2 = num2.toString( ); var sum = str1 + str2;
document.write( sum );
( Output: 1268 )

Explanation:
“num1.toString( )” and “num2.toString( )” change two numbers to string data
type. Therefore, the result of str1adding str2 is 1268, instead of 80.
Convert a String to a Number
parseInt(string);

parseFloat( string);
“parseInt(string)” and parseFloat(string) can change a string to integer or
floating point number.
Example:
var str1 = “12”; var str2 = “68”;
var sum = str1 + str2;
alert ( sum );
( Output: 1268 )
var num1 = parseInt( str1 );
var num2 = parseInt( str2 );
var addition = num1 + num2;
alert ( addition );
( Output: 80 )
Explanation:
“parseInt( str1)” and “parseInt( str2 )” convert two strings to number data type.
Therefore, the result of num1adding num2 is 80, instead of 1268.
Search Specific Text (1)

indexOf( )
“indexOf( )” can find the first place where a particular text occurs in a string.

Example:
var mystring = "Please find where find word occurs!"; var place =
mystring.indexOf("find");
alert ( place );
( Output: 7)

Explanation:
“mystring.indexOf ( “find” )” returns the first place where the “find” occurs in
mystring. The output is 7.
Character index begins with zero.
If the text is not found in string, indexOf( ) returns -1.

Search Specific Text (2)

lastIndexOf( )
“lastIndexOf( )” can find the last place where a particular text occurs in a string.

Example:
var mystring = "Please find where find word occurs!"; var place =
mystring.lastIndexOf("find");
alert ( place );
( Output: 18 )

Explanation:
“mystring.lastIndexOf ( “find” )” returns the last place where the “find” occurs
in mystring. The output is 18.
Character index begins with zero.
If the text is not found in string, indexOf( ) returns -1.



Hour 6

Object
Object Declaration
Object refers to a concrete something. For example: a car, a book, a dog, a
house, etc…
obj = new Object( );

obj.property;
“obj = new Object( )” creates a new object named “obj”.
“obj.property” means a object’s property.
Example:
house = new Object ( );
house.color = “white”; house.size = “big”; document.write( “House color: ” +
house.color + “\n”); document.write( “House size: ” + house.size + “\n” ); (
Output: House color: white
House size: big )
Explanation:
“house=new Object( )” creates an object name “house”.
“house.color” means house’s color.
“house.size” means house’s size.
Navigate Web Page

windows.history.back( );

windows.history.forward( );
“back( )” is used to navigate the previous web page.
“forward( )” is used to navigate the next web page.
Example:
windows.history.back( );
( Returns: Previous web page. )

windows.history.forward( );
( Returns: Next web page. )

Explanation:
“back( )” goes to previous page.
“forward( )” goes to next page.
“window.history.method( )” is used to navigate the specified web page. This
method is usually called by a button on web page, which will be mentioned in
later chapter.
Go to Specified Page

window.history.go( number );
“window.history.go( number)” can turn to specified web page.
Example:
window.history.go(1);
( Returns: Next web page.)

window.history.go( -1);
( Returns: Previous web page.)

window.history.go( 0 );
( Returns: Reload current web page.)

Explanation:
“window.history.method( )” is used to navigate the specified web page. This
method is usually called by a button on web page, which will be mentioned in
later chapter.
Open Customized Window

window.open( name, width, height, status, menubar )
“window.open” can open a new customized window.
“name” argument means new window name.
“width” argument means new window’s width.
“height” argument means new window’s height.
“status” argument defines window’s status bar.
“menubar” argument defines window’s menu bar.
Example:
window.open( “MyWindow”, “width=300, height=200, status=no,
memubar=yes” );
( Returns: A new customized window )
Explanation:
“MyWindow” is a new window name.
“width=300, height=200” specify the size of new window.
“status= no” means there is no status bar.
“memubar=yes” means there is a menu bar.
Confirmation
window.confirm( );
“window.confirm( )” requires user to confirm. Confirm dialog box looks like
this:

When clicking “OK”, it returns true in scripting.

When clicking “Cancel”, it returns false in scripting.

Example:
var ask = window.clonfirm( “ Are you sure? ” );
if ( ask == true )
{ alert ( “All Right!” ); }
else { alert (“No Good!”); }
( Output: All Right! or No Good!)
Explanation:
When clicking “OK” button, it outputs “All Right!”.
When clicking “Cancel” button, it outputs “No Good!”.
Prompt to Input
window.prompt( );
“window.prompt( )” prompt user to input something to prompt dialog box,
which looks like this:

The user should type some words into prompt dialog box, for example, enter
“Yes, I like it.”, and then click the “OK” or “Cancel” button.

Example:
var ask = window.prompt ( “Do you like JavaScript?” );
alert ( ask );
( Output: Yes, I like it! )
Explanation:
User enters a sentence “Yes, I like it!”, and then click “OK” button, the value is
assigned to “ask”.
“alert ( ask )” displays the contents that is inputted by user.
Address Element by ID
document.getElementById( ).innerHTML
“getElementById” access an element by its id.
“innerHTML” displays text in HTML document.

Example:
<body>
<div id = “position”>
</body>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
document.getElementById(“position”).innerHTML= “OK”;
</script>
( Output in “position”: OK )

Explanation:
“id = position” define an id as “position” in HTML document.
“getElementById(“position”)” access “position” element.
“innerHTML” shows the text “OK” in “position”.
Address Element by Tag Name

document.getElementByITagName( ).innerHTML
“getElementByTagName” access an element by its tag name.
“innerHTML” displays text in HTML document.
Example:
<body>
<p> Notice Here </p>
</body>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
document.getElementByTagName(“p”).innerHTML= “OK”;
</script>
( Output in “p” tag: OK )
Explanation:
“<p> Notice Here </p>” define a tag name as “p” in HTML document.
“getElementByTagName(“p”)” access “p” tag.
“innerHTML” shows the text “OK” within “p” tag, which replaces the original
text.
Break Statement
“break” command works inside the loop.
break;
“break” keyword is used to stop the running of a loop according to the condition.

Example:
var num=0;
while (num<10){
if (num==5) break;
num++;

document.write( num );
( Output: 5)

Explanation:
“if (num==5) break;” is a break statement. If num is 5, the program will run the
“break” command, the break statement will exit the loop, then run
“document.write(num)”.
Continue Statement
“continue” command works inside the loop.
continue;
“continue” keyword is used to stop the current iteration, ignoring the following
codes, and then continue the next loop.
Example:
var num=0;
while (num<10){
num++;
if (num==5) continue; document.write( num );

( Output: 1234678910)
Explanation:
Note that the output has no 5.
“if (num==5) continue;” means: When the num is 5, the program will run
“continue” command, skipping the next command “document.write( num )”, and
then continue the next loop.

 Hour 7

Event
HTML Basic
When we check the source code of a web page, we will find some HTML
elements or tags, which look like this:
Example:

<html>
<head>
<title>…</title>
</head>
<body>
<form>…</form>
…..
</body>
</html>

Explanation:
<html>…</html> define the document of a web page.
<head>…</head> define the head of a web page.
<title>…</title> define the title of a web page.
<body>…</body> define the body of a web page.
<form>…</form> define a form, which accepts the requests or input from a
user.
Click Event
When a user clicks an element on the web page, a “click” event occurs.

onClick = function( );
“onClick = function( );” means when clicking an element, a function
immediately executes.
Example:
<form>
<input type=“button” value=”Previous” onClick=“history.back( )”> </form>
( Returns: Previous web page. )
Explanation:
“<from>” and “</form>” is HTML tags, which is in web page, “form” is used to
accept the request from users.
“<input type=“button” value=”Previous”…>” defines a button in the form, the
button has “Previous” text on it.
Previous
“onClick=“history.back( )”” means when clicking the button, the “history.back(
)” runs at once, and then go back to Previous web page.
Onload Event
When a web page has completely loaded, an “onload” event occurs.
onload = function( );
“onload=function( )” means when a web page has loaded, function( )
immediately executes.

Example:
<html>
<body onload = alert ( “Welcome to my page!” )>
……
</body>
</html>
Explanation:
<html> and </html> is html tags, which defines a web page.
<body> and </body> define a web page body.
“onload=alert( )” means when a web page loaded, alert( ) runs at once, and
shows the message “Welcome to my page!”.
Unload Event
When a web page has unloaded, an “unload” event occurs.
unload = function( );
“unload=function( )” means when a web page has unloaded, function( )
immediately executes.

Example:
<html>
<body unload = confirm ( “Are you sure?” )>
……
</body>
</html>

Explanation:
<html> and </html> is html tags, which defines a web page.
<body> and </body> define a web page body.
“unload=confirm( )” means when a web page unloaded, confirm( ) runs at once,
and shows the message “Are you sure?”.
Mouseover Event

When a mouse pointer moves over an element, a “mouseover” event occurs.

mouseover = function( );
“mouseover = function( )” means when mouse pointer moves over an element,
function( ) executes immediately.
Example:
<body>
<img src = “myphoto.jpg” mouseover = alert (“Please view the photo.”) ;>
</body>
Explanation:
<img> is a tag for defining an image.
“src=”myphoto.jpg”” specify an image “myphoto.jpg” showing in web page.
“mouseover=alert( );” means when mouse pointer moves over the image, alert( )
runs immediately, and displays the message “Please view the photo”.
Mouseout Event

When a mouse pointer moves out of an element, a “mouseout” event occurs.

mouseout = function( );
“mouseout = function( )” means when mouse pointer moves out of an element,
function( ) executes immediately.
Example:
<body>
<img src = “myphoto.jpg” mouseout = alert (“See you!”) ;>
</body>

Explanation:
<img> is a tag for defining an image.
“src=”myphoto.jpg”” specify an image “myphoto.jpg” showing in web page.
“mouseout=alert( );” means when mouse pointer moves out of the image, alert(
) runs immediately, and displays the message “See you!”.
Onkeydown Event
When a key is pressed down, an “onkeydown” event occurs.

onkeydown = function( );
“onkeydown = function( )” means when a key is pressed down, a function( )
executes immediately.
Example:
<body>
<input type="text" onkeydown="myfunction( )">
</body>
<script>
function myfunction( )
{ alert ("You pressed a key."); }
</script>
Explanation:
<input type=”text”…> means there is an input field in web page for user
entering data. Input field looks like this:

“onkeydown="myfunction( )"” means when a key is pressed down, myfunction(
) runs at once.
Onkeyup Event
When a key is released, an “onkeyup” event occurs.

onkeyup = function( );
“onkeyup = function( )” means when a key is released, a function( ) executes
immediately.
Example:
<body>
<input type="text" onkeyup="myfunction( )">
</body>
<script>
function myfunction( )
{ alert ("You released a key."); }
</script>
Explanation:
<input type=”text”…> means there is an input field in web page for user
entering data. Input field looks like this:

“onkeyup="myfunction( )"” means when a key is released, myfunction( ) runs at
once.
Focus Event
When the user moves the cursor onto an element in the web page, a “focus”
event occurs.

onfocus = function ( );
“onfocus = function ( )” means when the user moves the cursor onto an element
of the web page, a function( ) immediately executes.
Example:
<body>
<input type="text" onfocus="myfunction( )">
</body>
<script>
function myfunction( )
{ confirm ("Are you ready to input?."); }
</script>
Explanation:
“onfocus="myfunction( )"” means when the user moves the cursor onto input
field in the web page, myfunction( ) immediately executes.
Blur Event
When the user moves the cursor out of an element in the web page, a “blur”
event occurs.

onblur = function ( );
“onblur = function ( )” means when the user moves the cursor out of an element
of the web page, a function( ) immediately executes.
Example:
<body>
<input type="text" onblur="myfunction( )"> </body>
<script>
function myfunction( )
{ confirm ("Are you sure to leave?."); }
</script>
Explanation:
“onblur="myfunction( )"” means when the user moves the cursor out of input
field in the web page, myfunction( ) immediately executes.
 Hour 8

Work with Form
Form Basic
A “form” in html is a very important element, which is used to accept the
requests or inputs from the user.
Example:
<form id=”myform” method=”get” action=”f.php”>
<input id=”txt” type=”text”>
<input id=”pas” type=”password”>
<input id=”rad” type=”radio” value=”val2”>
<input id=”chb” type=”checkbox” value=”val3”>
<input id=”sub” type=”submit” value=”OK”>
<input id=”rst” type=”reset” value=”Cancel”>
</form>
Explanation:
“id” means a name of the element.
“method=”get/post”” means the data send by “get” or “post”.
“get” method sends link data openly, small quantity.
“post” method sends link data secretly, more quantity.
“action=f.php” means the data will be processed by f.php
“type” specify the type of element.
Access Form Attributes

“window.document.forms” object can access the form attributes.
document.forms. id. attribute
“document.forms. id. attribute” can access the attribute in a form.
Example: (Take example of previous page’s form.)
var message1 = document.forms.myform.method;
var message2 = document.forms.myform.action;
document.write ( message1);
document.write ( message2);
(Output: get f.php )
Explanation:
“document.forms.myform.method” can access the “method” in “myform”, the
result is “get”.
“document.forms.myform.action” can access the “action” in “myform”, the
result is “f.php”.
Assign Text Value
document.forms.id.element.value = “newvalue”;
“document.forms.id.element.value = “newvalue”;” can assign a new value to an
element.
Example: (Take example of previous page’s form.)
document.forms.myform.txt.value = “Hello World!”;
document.forms.myform.txt.style.fontFamily = “Arial”;
document.forms.myform.txt.style.fontSize = “16pt”;
document.forms.myform.txt.style.color = “blue”;
document.forms.myform.txt.style.background = “yellow”; (Output: Hello
World! )
Explanation:
“myform” is the form id.
“txt” is the “text field” id.
value = “Hello World!” assign a new value to text field.
style.fontFamily = “Arial” sets the font family.
style.fontSize = “16pt” sets the font size.
style.color = “blue” sets the font color.
style.background = “yellow” sets the background color.
Reset Method
reset( )
“reset( )” is used to clear the form data.
Example:
<form id=”myform” method=”get” action=”f.php”>
……
<input type="button" onclick="myfunction()" value="Clear” > </form">
<script>
function myfunction() {
document.getElementById("myform").reset(); }
</script>
(Result: The form data are completely cleared.)
Explanation:
“onclick="myfunction()” means when click the button, myfunction( )
immediately executes.
“getElementById("myform")” access the “myform” by its id.
“reset( )” clears “myform” data.
Submit Method
submit( )
“submit( )” is used to submit the form data to server.
Example:
<form id=”myform” method=”get” action=”f.php”>
……
<input type="button" onclick="myfunction()" value="Submit” > </form">
<script>
function myfunction() {
document.getElementById("myform").submit(); }
</script>
(Result: The form data are submitted to the server.)
Explanation:
“onclick="myfunction()” means when click the button, myfunction( )
immediately executes.
“getElementById("myform")” access the “myform” by its id.
“submit( )” submits “myform” data to server.
“Select” Selection
<select id="myid " onchange="function ( )">
When a “select” value in form is change, “onChange” event occurs and runs the
“function ( )” at once.
Red v
Example:
<select id="mySelect" onchange="myfunction()"> <option value="Red">Red
<option value="Blue">Blue
<option value="Pink">Pink
</select>
<script type=”text/javascript”>
function myfunction( ) {
var v=document.getElementById("mySelect").value;
alert ("You selected: " + v); } // e.g. select Pink
</script>
(Output: You selected: Pink )
Explanation:
“getElementById("mySelect")” access “mySelect” by its id.
“getElementById("mySelect").value” means to get a value.
“Radio” Selection
<input type=”radio” id= “myid” value= “myvalue”>
A group of radio buttons allows one circle to be check at any time and submit the
selected value to process.
Example: ( Display: ○red ○blue ○pink ) <input
type= “radio” id= “color” value= “Red”>Red <input type= “radio” id=
“color” value= “Blue”>Blue <input type= “radio” id= “color” value=
“Pink”>Pink <input type= “submit” value= “submit” onclick= “myfunct( )”>
<script>
function myfunct( ) {
var v=document.getElementById("color").value;
alert ( v ); // e.g. select Blue

</script>
( Output: Blue )
Explanation:
“getElementById("color")” access “color” by its id.
“getElementById("color").value” means to get a value.
“CheckBox” Selection
<input type=”checkbox” id= “myid” value=
“myvalue”>
A group of check buttons allows multiple boxes to be check at any time and
submit the selected value to process.
Example: ( Display: □red □blue □pink ) <input
type= “checkbox” id= “color” value= “Red”>Red <input type= “checkbox”
id= “color” value= “Blue”>Blue <input type= “checkbox” id= “color” value=
“Pink”>Pink <input type= “submit” value= “submit” onclick= “myfunct( )”>
<script>
function myfunct( ) {
var v=document.getElementById("color").value;
alert ( v ); // e.g. select Blue Pink

</script>
( Output: Blue Pink )
Explanation:
“getElementById("color")” access “color” by its id.
“getElementById("color").value” means to get a value.
JavaScript: Function ( ) (1)
The “href” attribute in a hyperlink usually includes code of “JavaScript:
function( )”.

< a href= “javascript: function( )”> text </a>

<a href> defines a hyperlink.
Example:
<p>
<a href = “javascript:confirm (‘Are you sure?’)”> Learn JavaScript! </a> </p>
( Output: Learn JavaScript! )

Explanation:
When you clicks the hyperlink “Learn JavaScript!”, confirm dialog box displays
“Are you sure?” immediately, you can click “OK” or “Cancel”.
JavaScript: Function ( ) (2)
The “href” attribute in a hyperlink usually includes code of “JavaScript:
function( )”.

< a href= “javascript: function( )”> text </a>

<a href> defines a hyperlink.
Example:
<p>
<a href = “javascript:prompt (‘Do you like JavaScript?’)”> JavaScript in 8
Hours! </a> </p>
( Output: JavaScript in 8 Hours!

)
Explanation:
When you clicks the hyperlink “JavaScript in 8 Hours!”, Prompt dialog box
displays “Do you like JavaScript?” immediately, you can enter “Yes, I like it.”,
then “OK”!
 Appendix

HTML & CSS
HTML Review

Tag Description
<!-- --> html comments
<a> for a hyperlink
<align> align to left, right centered or justified
<b> make the text bold
<big> make font larger than regular font
<body> define the body of document
<br> a break of line
<button> create a push button
<caption> define caption in the table
<center> make center of the contents
<col> define column widths
<div> divide body into blocks for css style
<form> forms are used to collect user input.
<frame> specify the location of each frame
<frameset> define the frame width
<h1> the first level heading
<h7> the 7th level heading
<head> define the document’s header
<hr> draw a horizontal ruled line
<html> define the html document
<i> display italic text
<img> add images to the content
<input> defines an input element to a form
<li> enclose the list items
<link> link external resources
<map> define image map hyperlinks
<meta> declare data in its attributes
<object> embed all kinds of content
<ol> contains the items in an ordered list
<option> submit the name/value pair in <select>
 <p> a new paragraph
<param> add parameters
<pre> show text including tabs, spaces, breaks
<s> show text with a delete line
<script> enclose JavaScript codes
<select> create a selection menu
<small> make font smaller than regular font
<span> set css style for characters
<strong> display text in a bold font
<style> enclose CSS codes
<table> a chart contains columns and rows
<td> define table ‘s cell
<textarea> create multiline text input fields
<title> the html document’s title
<tr> define the row of table’s cell
<u> add an underline for text
<ul> contains the items in an unordered list


HTML Symbol
Symbols Source Codes
< &lt;
> &gt;
& &amp;
“” &quot; &quot

© &copy;

® &reg;

space &nbsp;
CSS Review
CSS has 4 kinds of coding:
(1)
<style type = “text/css”>
tag{attribute: value}
tag.class{attribute: value}
tag #id{attribute: value}
.class{attribute: value}
#id{attribute: value}
</style>

(2)
<tag style = “attribute: value”>……</tag> (3)
<link rel = “stylesheet” title = “My Style”
type = “test/css” href = “myfile.css”>
(4)
@import url (“external/myfile.css”)
How time flies! It is time to say good-bye.
To view Ray Yao’s books:
Linux Command Line
JAVA 100 Tests for interview
PHP 100 Tests for interview
JAVA in 8 Hours
PHP in 8 Hours
JavaScript in 8 Hours
C++ in 8 Hours
Ray Yao's books


 Conclusion
My friend,
I will appreciate so much if you write a positive review for this book. Thank you
very much for your support!
Sincerely
Best Regards
Ray


My friend, See you!