This document provides an overview of Philippine literature during the American Period from 1925-1941. It discusses the historical context and influences, as well as the major genres, themes, and notable writers that characterized literature during this time. Nationalism, freedom, and anti-colonial sentiments were prominent. Writers experimented with both Spanish and English, and American influences like education and freedom of speech emerged. The period saw the rise of essays, short stories, novels, plays, and poetry in both English and Spanish by influential authors.
This document provides an overview of Philippine literature during the American Period from 1925-1941. It discusses the historical context and influences, as well as the major genres, themes, and notable writers that characterized literature during this time. Nationalism, freedom, and anti-colonial sentiments were prominent. Writers experimented with both Spanish and English, and American influences like education and freedom of speech emerged. The period saw the rise of essays, short stories, novels, plays, and poetry in both English and Spanish by influential authors.
This document provides an overview of Philippine literature during the American Period from 1925-1941. It discusses the historical context and influences, as well as the major genres, themes, and notable writers that characterized literature during this time. Nationalism, freedom, and anti-colonial sentiments were prominent. Writers experimented with both Spanish and English, and American influences like education and freedom of speech emerged. The period saw the rise of essays, short stories, novels, plays, and poetry in both English and Spanish by influential authors.
This document provides an overview of Philippine literature during the American Period from 1925-1941. It discusses the historical context and influences, as well as the major genres, themes, and notable writers that characterized literature during this time. Nationalism, freedom, and anti-colonial sentiments were prominent. Writers experimented with both Spanish and English, and American influences like education and freedom of speech emerged. The period saw the rise of essays, short stories, novels, plays, and poetry in both English and Spanish by influential authors.
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE LIT 1 STUDY MATERIAL & NOTES
Literature during the American Period - The Period of Self-Discovery:
1925-1941 ➢ Historical Backgrounds: • Filipino • Philippine Independence - Tagalog writers continued their • Philippine-American Conflicts lamentations on the conditiond • 1900s – peace movements of the country and their ➢ Literature attempts to arouse love for • Desire for freedom one’s native tongue. • Love of country - Poets of the Heart (Makata ng • Fight against colonialism and Puso) imperialism ▪ Lope K. Santos, Iñigo Ed. • characterized by: Regalado, Carlos - nationalism Gatmaitan, Pedro - freedom of speech Deogracias del Rosario, - experience Ildefonso Santos, Amado V. - search for and use of a new Hernandez, Nemecio medium Carabana, and Mar Antonio ➢ American Influences - Poets of Life (Makata ng Buhay) • schools ▪ Lope K. Santos, Jose Corazon de Jesus, • new education system Florentino Collantes, • cleanliness and hygiene Patricio Mariano, Carlos • English language Gatmaitan, and Amado V. • politics Hernandez • freedom of speech - Poets of the Stage (Makata ng ➢ Newspapers Tanghalan) • El Grito del Pueblo – Pascual ▪ Aurelio Tolentino, Patricio Poblete – 1900 (The Call of the Mariano, Severino Reyes, Nation) and Tomas Remigio • El Nuevo Dia – Sergio Osmeña – 1900 (The New Day) ➢ Cecilio Apostol • El Renacimiento – Rafael Palma – • masterpiece – A Rizal 1900 (The Rebirth) • his poems were used to teach the • Manila Daily Bulletin – 1900 Spanish language (R.A. 1881) ➢ Three Groups of Writers • pen name – Catulo • Spanish ➢ Fernando Ma. Guerrero - The writers in Spanish were • masterpiece – Crisadilas accustomed write on • Prince of Filipino Lyric Poets in nationalism like honoring Rizal Spanish and other heroes. (Claro M. • favorite theme – eternal sadness on Recto, Cecilio Apostol, things Fernando Ma. Guerrero, Jesus ➢ Claro M. Recto Balmori, and Manuel Bernabe) • Bajos Los Cocoteros • English • Father of Philippine Constitution - The writers in English imitated ➢ Jesus Balmori the themes and methods of the • Mi Casa de Nipa, Mi Choza de Nipa Americans. • pen name: Batikuling - The Period of Re-orientation: 1898-1910 • Premio Zobel Award for his - The Period of Imitation: 1910- contributions to Philippine 1925 Literature • Poet laureate in Spanish ➢ Manuel Bernabe ➢ The Period of Self-Discovery • Translated Omar Khayyam’s • Writers had acquired the mastery of Rubaiyat in Spanish English writing; competent and • King of Balagtasan in Spanish confident ➢ Lope K. Santos ➢ Essays • masterpiece – Banaag at Sikat • scholarly and characterized by • Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa sobriety, substance and structure • Father of Filipino Grammar • serious essay, especially the • “Apo” of the Tagalog Writers editorial type ➢ Amado V. Hernandez • Carlos P. Romulo, Jorge C. • masterpiece – Luha ng Buwaya, Bocobo, Mauro Mendez and Ang Panday Vicente Hilario • Isang Dipang Langit • Political, social reflective essays • First King of Balagtasan (through newspaper columns) • A Pillar in Tagalog Literature • critical essays ➢ Jose Corazon de Jesus • personal or familiar essays • masterpiece – Ang Isang ➢ Informal Essays Punongkahoy (A Tree) • works are spiced with humor, wit, • Bayan Ko and satire • Huseng Batute • Ignacio Manlapaz, Godefredo • The Legendary Lyric Poet Rivera, Federico Mangahas, • King of Balagtasan Francisco B. Icasiano, Salvador P. ➢ Aurelio Tolentino Lopez, Jose Lansang, and Amando • masterpiece – Kahapon, Ngayon, G. Dayrit at Bukas ➢ Short Stories • Father of Tagalog Drama • Imitation of foreign models • A theatre at the CCP is named after • Ignacio Manlapaz, Godefredo him (Tanghalang Aurelio Tolentino) Rivera, Federico Mangahas, ➢ Severino Reyes Francisco B. Icasiano, Salvador P. Lopez, Jose Lansang, and Amando • masterpiece – Walang Sugat G. Dayrit • Mga Kuwento ni Lola Basyang ➢ Francisco Benitez • Father of Tagalog Plays, Father of • What is an Educated Filipino? the Tagalog Zarzuela • First Editor of Philippine Journal on • pen name – Lola Basyang Education ➢ The Period of Re-orientation • Dean of UP College of Education • 1900 – English (medium of ➢ Paz Marquez Benitez instruction in the public schools • First Filipino modern English • El Renacimiento – Rafael Palma – language short story writer 1901 • Dead Stars (1925) • Philippines Free Press – 1905 • One of the Founders of Philippine • Sursum Corda – Justo Juliano – Women College (now PWU) 1907 – first work published in ➢ Zoilo Galang English • A Child Sorrow – First Philippine • My Mother and Air Castles – Juan Novel written in English (1921) F. Salazar 1909 • Nadia (1929) ➢ The Period of Imitation • Encyclopedia of the Philippines • 1919 – UP College Folio (1957) • 1920 – Bulletin, Philippine Herald • Filipino encyclopedist and the 1st • 1924 – The Philippine Review, the English-language Filipino novelist Independent, Rising Philippines and Citizens, and the Philippine Education Magazine ➢ Carlos P. Romulo • pen name: Quijano de Manila • The Voice of Freedom • May Day Eve (1947) • I am a Filipino • The Woman Who Had Two Navels • I Saw the Fall of the Philippines (1961) • My Brother Americans • A Portrait of the Artist as a Filipino ➢ Jose Garcia Villa (1966) • National Artist of the Philippines for • Summer Solstice (1972) Literature (1973) ➢ Carmen Guerrero Nakpil • Introduced – reversed consonance • Woman Enough and Other Essays rime scheme and extensive use of (1963) punctuation in poetry • The Philippine: The Land and The • Comma Poet People (1990) • pen name - Doveglion • Lifetime Achievement Award 2005 ➢ Rafael Zulueta da Costa for her outstanding achievement in • Like the Molave and Other Poems history • Commonwealth Literary Award of • Icon of Philippine Literature and Poetry, 1940 Journalism ➢ Salvador P. Lopez ➢ N.V.M. Gonzales • Literature and Society – a collection • “Literature is an affair of letters” of critical reflections and serious • The Winds of April, The Bamboo essays Dancers, A Season of Grace, ➢ Vidal A. Tan Children of the Ash-covered Loam • Modern High School Arithmetic for • Palanca Memorial Awards for the Philippines (1924) Literature • The Husband of Mrs. Cruz • National Artist Awardee for ➢ Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero Literature (1997) • The first Filipino to have a theatre • Centennial Award for Literature named after him – The Wilfrido Ma. (1998) Guerrero Theater of the UP • Wanted: A Chaperon • National Artist for the Philippine Theater – 1997 (post-humous) ➢ Manuel E. Arguilla • How My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife (1940) • Epilogue to Reconciliation (1936) • “the best craftsman among Filipino fictionists in English, (whose voice) is the only really authentic voice. He is shamelessly Filipino.” - Dean Leopoldo Yabes • Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1972), posthumous ➢ Nick Joaquin • Republic Cultural Heritage Award (1961) • National Artist of the Philippines for Literature (1976) • The most important Filipino writer in English • The third most important writer (after Jose Rizal and Claro M. Recto)
