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MODEL 1
SECTION 3
STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION
Time---25 minutes
(including the directions)

This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate for standard written
English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special directions for each type.

Structure

Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,
marked (A), (B), (C), or (D). Choose the one word or phrase that the best completes the sentence. Then, on your
answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen. Fill in the space so that the letter inside the oval cannot be seen.

Look at the following examples.

Sample Question
B C D
Example I
The president _________the election by a landslide
(A) won
(B) he won
(C) yesterday
(D) fortunately

The sentence should read, “The president won the election by a landslide.” Therefore, you should choose (A).
Sample Question
Example II
When_________the conference?
(A) The doctor attended
A C D
(B) Did the doctor attend
(C) The doctor will attend
(D) The doctor’s attendance 1
The sentence should read, “When did the doctor attend2 the conference?” Therefore, you should choose (B). 3
Now begin work on the questions.

1. In the early 1900s, Eastman _______inexpensive Brownie box cameras.

(A) It developed
(B) It was developed
(C) Developed
(D) Developing

2. _______ the discovery of the fossilized remnants of tides in one-billion-year-old rocks.

(A) Geological reports
(B) Geologists report
(C) The reports of geologists
(D) Geologist’ report

3. The Brooklyn Bridge _______ took thirteen years to complete.

(A) In New York
(B) Is in New York
(C) It is in New York
(D) Which New York
4. Genes control all of the physical_______ we inherit.
(A) That traits
(B) That are traits
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(C) Traits that
(D) Traits are that

5. Indigo can be extracted from a plant, and then_______to dye cloth blue.
(A) It
(B) Using
(C) Using it
(D) It can be used

6. _______ in the United States spends 900 hours per year in class and 1,170 hours in front of the
television.
(A) The average third-grader
(B) The third grade is average
(C) There are three grades
(D) Three average grades

7. Researchers have begun studying what _______ is on human circadian rhythms.

(A) It is the effect of light
(B) The light affects
(C) In affecting the light
(D) The effect of light

8. If calcium oxide remains exposed to air, _______ to calcium carbonate.

(A) Turning
(B) Turns
(C) It turns
(D) The turn

9. Some early batteries used concentrated nitric acid, _______ gave off poisonous fumes.
(A) They
(B) Then they
(C) But they
(D) But they had

10. The sound produced by an object _______ in a periodic way involves more than the simple sine wave.
(A) It vibrates
(B) Vibrating
(C) Is vibrating
(D) Vibrates 5

11. Prior to the discovery of anesthetics in 1846, surgery was done _______was still conscious.
(A) While the patient
(B) The patient felt
(C) During the patient’s
(D) While patiently

12. The drastic decline of the beaver helps to illustrate what ______ to the ecosystems of the North
American continent.
(A) Happening
(B) The happening
(C) Has happened
(D) About happening

13. The use of shorthand died out in the Middle Ages because of _________ witchcraft.
(A) The association was imagined
(B) Associate the imagination
(C) Imagine the association
(D) The imagined association
14. A yacht is steered with a rudder, _______ the flow of water that passes the hull.
(A) Which deflecting
(B) Deflects
(C) It deflects
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(D) Which deflects

15. For stop speed and sudden acceleration, the accelerator pump feeds additional gasoline from the float
chamber into _______ above the venturi tube.
(A) The air it flows
(B) The airflow
(C) The air is flowing
(D) Flows the air

Written Expression
Directions: In questions 16-35 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of
the sentences are marked (A), (B), (C), or (D). Indentify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed
in order for the sentence to be correct. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the
space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Look at the following examples.

Sample Question
Example I A C D
The four string on a violin are tuned in fifths.
A B C D
The sentence should read, “The four strings on a violin are tuned in fifths.” Therefore, you should choose (B).

Sample Question
Example II A B D

The research for the book Roots taking Alex Haley twelve years
A B C D
The sentence should read, “The research for the book Roots took Alex Haley twelve years.” Therefore,
you should choose (C).

Now begin work on the questions.

16. In 1732, coach travelers could got from New York to Philadelphia in.
A B C
about two days
D
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17. Some of the District of Columbia are on low-lying, marshy ground.
A B C D

18. Georgia’s economy is based main on agriculture.

A B C D

19. The Paul Revere House was built in 1676, and today its the oldest
A B C
wooden building in Boston.
D
20. Conifers such as cedars, firs, and pines they bear their seeds in cones
A B C D

21. A dome is semispherical structure on top of a build.

A B C D

22. Succulents suck up water in just a few hour, but they can store it in
A B C
their stems for months.
D
23. Flying buttresses enabled builders to put up tall but thinnest stone walls
A B C .D
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24. Weather forecasters monitor barometric pressures and record they
A B C
on chart as isobars.
D

25. In many languages, the forms of a word varies to express such

A B C
contrasts as number, gender, and tense.
D

26. A milky Way object that erupted in the constellation Scorpius has
A
provides information to astronomers since July.
B C D

27. Much fossils are found in coal-bearing rocks.

A B C D

28. When salt is added to ice, this mixture becomes coldly enough tofreeze ice cream
A B C D

29. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Long Island was
A
chiefly an agricultural region with fishing, whaling, and built ships as
B C D
the important industries.

30. No one who has studied the Battle of Little Bighorn know the exact
A B
route that Custer and his detachment took.
C D

31. The Hawaiian monarchy, was created by King Kamehameha I

A B
(1784-1810), was modified in the 1840s by written constitution.
C D
32. In our solar system, nine planets, fifty-seven moons, several dozen
A B 11
comets, several million asteroids, and billions of meteorites have so far been discover.
C D

33. From the 1850s until after the turn of the country, many of America’s
A
supper-rich families made Newport his favorite summer resort.
B C D
34. Mars looks red because is covered with a layer of soft red iron oxide.
A B C D
35. The radioactive substances that pose the greatest harm to humanity
A
have neither very short or very long half lives.
B C D

This is the end of Section 3.

Stop Work on Section 3

STOP STOP STOP

STOP STOP
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