The document summarizes a laboratory activity on series and parallel circuits. It includes circuit diagrams, procedure, results tables, and questions to analyze the voltage and current relationships in the circuits based on the voltage divider rule and current divider rule. Specifically, it involves analyzing series and parallel connections between voltage sources and resistors in two circuits to determine whether the voltage divider rule and current divider rule apply based on the measured voltages and currents.
The document summarizes a laboratory activity on series and parallel circuits. It includes circuit diagrams, procedure, results tables, and questions to analyze the voltage and current relationships in the circuits based on the voltage divider rule and current divider rule. Specifically, it involves analyzing series and parallel connections between voltage sources and resistors in two circuits to determine whether the voltage divider rule and current divider rule apply based on the measured voltages and currents.
The document summarizes a laboratory activity on series and parallel circuits. It includes circuit diagrams, procedure, results tables, and questions to analyze the voltage and current relationships in the circuits based on the voltage divider rule and current divider rule. Specifically, it involves analyzing series and parallel connections between voltage sources and resistors in two circuits to determine whether the voltage divider rule and current divider rule apply based on the measured voltages and currents.
The document summarizes a laboratory activity on series and parallel circuits. It includes circuit diagrams, procedure, results tables, and questions to analyze the voltage and current relationships in the circuits based on the voltage divider rule and current divider rule. Specifically, it involves analyzing series and parallel connections between voltage sources and resistors in two circuits to determine whether the voltage divider rule and current divider rule apply based on the measured voltages and currents.
BatStateU Alangilan Alangilan, Batangas City College of Engineering, Architecture and Fine Arts Electrical and Computer Engineering Department
EE419 - Basic Electrical Engineering
Laboratory Activity No. 1 Series and Parallel Circuits Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rules
Members: PetE – 2107 | Group 4 Hermidilla, Anne Gracielalein T. Laroza, Princess Lyka D. Lopez, John Arman A. Mabiling, Joann L. Macalalad, Katherine V.
Submitted to:
Engr. Dave Ian G. Catausan
SEPTEMBER 27, 2021
Laboratory Activity No. 1
Series and Parallel Circuits
Voltage Divider and Current Divider Rules
Introduction
There are two basic ways in which to connect more than two circuit components: series and parallel.
Fig. 1 Series Circuit Fig. 2 Parallel circuit
For a series circuit shown in figure 1, the voltage across resistors R1, R2, and R3 can be written as
This is the voltage divider rule (VDR).
For parallel circuit given in figure 2, the branch currents can be written in terms of the total current as This is termed as the current divider rule (CDR).
Objectives
1. To study the voltage current relationships of series and parallel circuits.
2. To verify the voltage divider and current divider rules.
Materials Multisim
Circuit Diagrams
24 V 24 V
Figure 3 Figure 4 Resistance Resistance R2 = 100 ohms R2 = 62.5 ohms R = 150 ohms R = 75 ohms 3 3 R = 220 ohms R = 265 ohms 4 4 R = 330 ohms R = 150 ohms 6 6 Procedure:
Simulation
1. Build the circuit given in figure 3 on Multisim.
2. Connect voltmeters, ammeters (or multimeters) at appropriate positions to measure
voltages and currents shown in Table 1.
3. Disconnect the voltage source. Connect a multimeter and measure the total resistance and record the value in Table 1. (Remember resistance is always measured without any source connected to the circuit.)
4. Repeat steps 2 and 3 for the circuit given in figure 4 and record the values in Table 2.
Table 1: Simulation and Experimental Result for Figure 3
Is I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Veq
Work 263. 103. 160 62. 222. 41. 10. 13. 13.655 Bench 45 45 mA 069 07 379 345 24V 655 0V V 24V mA mA mA mA mA V V
Table 2: Simulation and Experimental Result for Figure 4
Is I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Veq - Work 118. 99. 18 18. 22. 118. 6. 1. -4. 22. Bench 35 97 .377 377 622 35 2481 3783 8698 622 17.752 24V mA mA mA mA mA mA V V V V V Questions:
Refer to figure 3 and the results obtained in Table 1 and answer the following questions:
1. Are R4 and R6 in parallel or in series? Why? Refer to voltage current measurements for your answer to justify. In the table of values, R4 and R6 have the same voltage measurement which is 13.655V that means they are in parallel.
2. Are R3 and R4 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify with solution.
R3 and R4 are in series because the current throughout is equal to the total current from the source. I2 + I3 = I3 + I4 + I6 103.45 mA + 160 mA = 160 mA + 62.069 mA + 41.379 mA 263.45 mA = 263.45 mA
3. Are Vs and R3 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify with solution.
Vs = 24 V Vs = V3 R3 = 150 ohms Vs = I3 R3 I3 = 160.0 mA or 0.16 A 24 V = 0.16 A (150 ohms) 24 V = 24 V
4. Are Vs and R6 in series or in parallel? Why? Justify with solution.
Vs and R6 are in series connection. The diagram shows that they are in series connection since it pass through R2 before it reaches R6. The combination of R6 and R2 which is 10.345 + 13.655 is 24 which is the Vs, making it a series connection. 5. Are Vs and Req in parallel or in series? Why? Justify with solution. Vs and Req are in Series connection. As shown in the diagram Vs and Req are in one path making a series connection. If R234 and R6 are added together, it makes a series connection making Vs and Req a series connection.
6. Is VDR applicable for R3 and R4? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory given in the introduction. The VDR or voltage divider rule is not applicable to R3 and R4, it is because VDR is only applicable to series circuit. In this case R3 and R4 are in parallel connection.
7. Is CDR applicable for R4 and R6? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory given in the introduction. The Current Divider Rule or CDR is applicable to R4 and R6, it is because CDR is applicable to a parallel circuit. In this case R4 and R6 are in parallel connection.
𝐑𝟔 𝐑𝟒 𝑰𝟒 = 𝐈𝟐 𝑰𝟔 = 𝐈𝟐 𝐑𝟒 + 𝐑𝟔 𝐑𝟒 + 𝐑𝟔 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟐𝟎 𝑰𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝑰𝟒 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝟐𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝟐𝟐𝟎 + 𝟑𝟑𝟎 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐 = 0.062 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏 = 0.41 8. Is the parallel combination of R4 and R6 in series or in parallel with R2? Why? Justify. The parallel combination of R4 and R6 has the same current as R2 which means the parallel combination of R4 and R6 is in series with R2.
I4 = 62.069 mA I6 = 41.379 mA I2 = 103.45 mA
I2 = I4 + I6 103.45 mA = 62.069 + 41.379 mA 103.45 mA = 103.45 mA
Refer to figure 4 and the results obtained in Table 2 and answer the following questions: 9. Are R4 and R6 in parallel or in series? Why? Refer to voltage current measurements for your answer to justify.
R4 and R6 are in series connection at which when I2 is being added to I4, it
equates to the current of I6. In this case, series circuit states that when the current is the same, it is always series.
10. Are R3 and R4 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify with solution.
𝐼3 = 𝐼4 𝑉3 𝑉4 𝑉 3 = 1.3783 𝑉 = 𝑅3 𝑅4 1.3783 4.8698 𝑉 4 = 4.8698 𝑉 = 75 265 0.018377 = 0.018377 R3 and R4 are in SERIES. Since, 𝐼 3 = 𝐼 4, hence, R3 and R4 are in series circuit considering that they have the very same current. 11. Are Vs and R3 in parallel or in series? Why? Justify with solution. 𝑉 𝑠 = 24 𝑉 𝑉 𝑠 = 𝑉 6 + (𝑉 3 + 𝑉 4) 𝑉 3 = 1.3783 𝑉 24𝑉 = 17.752 + (1.3783 + 4.8698)
𝑉 4 = 4.8698 𝑉 24𝑉 = 24𝑉
𝑉 6 = 17.752 V𝑠 = V6 + (V3 + V4), Thus, V𝑠 is series to R3 since the total voltage flowing from the supply is equivalent to the sum of the voltages flowing with each path. The total of the individual voltage drops is the voltage delivered to a series circuit.
12. Are Vs and R6 in series or in parallel? Why? Justify with solution.
𝐼𝑠 = 𝐼6 𝑉6 118.35 = 𝑅6 17.752 118.35 = 150 118.35 = 118.35 V𝑠 and R6 are in SERIES such as that they have equal currents. That being so, V𝑠 and R6 are in series connection.
13. Are Vs and Req in parallel or in series? Why? Justify with solution. (𝑅3 + 𝑅4 ) 𝑅2 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = [ ] + 𝑅6 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 + 𝑅4 (75 + 265) 62.5 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = [ ] + 150 62.5 + 75 + 265 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 202.7950311 Ω 𝑉 24 𝑉 𝐼𝑒𝑞 = = 𝑅 202.7950311𝐴 1000𝑚𝐴 𝐼𝑒𝑞 = 0.1182460949𝐴 ( ) 1𝐴 𝐼𝑠 = 118.3460949𝑚𝐴 𝐼𝑒𝑞 = 118.3460949𝑚𝐴
V𝑠 and Req are in SERIES as they have the similar current. So then, V𝑠 and Req are in series connection
14. Is VDR applicable for R3 and R4? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory given in the introduction. VDR is applicable to R3 and R4 as they're in a series circuit. A series connection based on the idea provided in the introduction has a constant current of its components. The VDR may be used to discover the voltages for every variable since the total of the voltages flowing throughout every path equals the total voltage coming from the source.
15. Is CDR applicable for R4 and R6? Why? Justify your answer on the basis of theory given in the introduction. Since R4 is in parallel with R6, whereas their equal resistance is in series with
R6, CDR is not applicable. According to the idea presented in the introduction, CDR doesn't quite apply to a parallel circuit. 16. Is the parallel combination of R4 and R6 in series or in parallel with R2? Why? Justify with solution.
R4 and R6 are in SERIES with R2. the sum of parallel combination of 𝑅4 and 𝑅6 have the same value of current with 𝑅2. Therefore, the parallel combination of 𝑅4 and 𝑅6 is in series with 𝑅2.
