Modul 2. Structure Section (Whats Missing)
Modul 2. Structure Section (Whats Missing)
Modul 2. Structure Section (Whats Missing)
(Identifying Sentences)
The structure section in TOEFL has 40 questions. These questions requires you to complete
an incomplete sentence. Thus, the first thing you need to do is to identify what is missing
from the sentences.
There are some rules of English grammar that you need to remember to be able to identify
what is missing from a sentence as follows:
1. A SENTENCE consists at least A SUBJECT and A VERB (or some call it
PREDICATOR).
The smartest girl in the class with cute pink glasses no verb
1
SUBJECT incorrect sentence
The smartest girl in the class wins the speech
2 with cute pink glasses competition correct sentence
SUBJECT VERB
With her always wins the speech competition
no subject
3 teacher help
COMPLEMENT
incorrect sentence
VERB OBJECT
3. A VERB could be in form of a verb, a linking verb (seems to, look, etc.), or an
auxiliary verb (is, am, are, was, were, etc.)
Tom read novel but Jack read comic becaus novels are too
s s s s e difficult
.
Conj S V C
S V O S V O
Conj
C
CLAUSE 1 CLAUSE 2 CLAUSE 3
= three-clause sentence
7. There are many kinds of conjunctions and connectors. However, you should be able
to to define those conjuctions/connectors to link phrases and those to link clauses. In
this case, we need to locate the conjuctions/connectors that link clauses.
1. The new machine processes more than 1000 cans per hour.
2. The search results new clue to solve that case.
3. Eating too quickly gave him an upset stomach.
4. To travel around the world costs a lot of my saving, so i only do it once a year.
5. My friends planed to go climbing last weekend, but the wheather was terrible, so they
brought some new movie to be watched together in my house.
STRUCTURE EXERCISE 2
Indicate if the sentences are correct or incorrect. Underline the subjects once, the verbs
twice, and circle the conjuction/connectors if there is one.
e.g. No one from my class is admitted to that university because the entrance test is
tremendously difficult.
The cute little baby with red dresses and green ribbons on her hair. (no verb)
With his family went for a holiday to Praha last month. (no subject)
1. Yesterday found a very interesting article about Global Warming.
2. With their friend went for holiday to East Europe.
3. The assigned text for history class with Prof. McGreggor.
4. Since it is firstly lauched, the new application has provided a variety helpful features.
5. Engineers are needed to work on the new space program.
STRATEGIES
1) Locate the VERB first to identify what’s missing from a sentence easier.
2) When you have identified what’s missing, study the OPTIONS.
3) When the missing part is the SUBJECT, then choose the option that could form
a subject (see rules no. 2)
4) When the missing part is the VERB, then choose the option that could form a
verb (see rules no. 3)
5) When the sentence is a multiple-clause sentence, identify whether each clause
has a subject and a verb, and also check whether the sentence has A
CONJUNCTION/CONNECTOR to connect each clauses.
6) There are TWO options that you could likely eliminate right away.
7) REMEMBER, DO NOT waste your time trying to understand each every words
in the sentence.
Choose the option that best completes the sentence. Follow the strategies suggested
above.
e.g. ... is necessary for the development of strong bones and teeth.
A. Calcium
B. That calcium
C. Although calcium
D. It is calcium
Choose the letter of the underlined word or group of words that is not correct.
1. The Peace Corps was establish on March 1, 1961, by then President John F. Kennedy.
A B C D
2. The advisor told himself, while listening to the speech, that a dozen other reporters
A B
would has already asked that question.
C D
3. At the start of the American Revolution, lanterns were hung in the Old North Church
A B
as a signal that the British were came.
C D
4. Linus Pauling has wins two Nobel Prizes: the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the
A B C