CED-2021 EnergyTransition Report

November 2021
ALBERTA
ENERGY
TRANSITION
1
DISCLAIMER
The information, concepts and recommendations expressed in this document are based on information
available at the time of the preparation of this document. Action or abstinence from acting based on the
opinions and information contained in this document are the sole risk of the reader and Project Consortium
shall have no liability for any damages or losses arising from use of the information and opinions in this
document. All information is provided “as is” without any warranty or condition of any kind. The document
may contain inaccuracies, omissions, or typographical errors. The views and opinions expressed in this
report are those of its author(s) and not the official policy or position of Calgary Economic Development or
Edmonton Global.
Project Lead on behalf of The Project Consortium:
Kristine O’Rielly
[email protected]
DELPHI.ca | 428 Gilmour St | Ottawa ON | K2P 0R8 | T +1 613.562.2005
2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Project Team (Delphi Group, Cleantech Group and Foresight)
would like to thank all the organizations who contributed to the project’s
findings, including those organizations who participated in a primary
stakeholder interview, including:
• Alberta Innovates
• Alberta Indigenous Opportunities Corporation (AIOC)
• Creative Destruction Lab Rockies (CDL-Rockies)
• Energy Futures Lab
• Enerkem
• EVOK
• Northern Alberta Institute of Technology
• Radicle
• Southern Alberta Alternative Energy Partnership (SAAEP)
• Tourmaline Oil
• Vermilion Energy
• Wolf Mid-stream
The Project Team would also like to thank the organizations and
individuals who agreed to provide feedback as part of the project
Advisory Committee (AC). The Advisory Committee participated in three
feedback sessions: the SWOT analysis, the benchmarking analysis and
the value proposition statements. The feedback gathered during this
process was invaluable to the project.
We would like to thank:
• Myrna Bittner, Runwithit Synthetics

• Gary Bunio, Suncor Energy
• Greg Caldwell, ATCO
• Chris Doornbos, E3 Metals Corporation
• Graeme Edge, Energy Disruptors
• Brandon Holterman, ArcResources
• Mark Lea-Wilson, Transition Accelerator
• Mark Le Dain, Validere
• Don Lowry, Independent
• Chowdary Meenavilli, N-Twist
• Mike Mellross, Alberta Ecotrust Foundation
• Petr Musilek, University of Alberta
• Anne Naeth, University of Alberta
• Mark Plamondon, Alberta Industrial Heartland Association
• Chris Owtrim, Emissions Reduction Alberta
• Chris Severson-Baker, Pembina Institute
• Peter Tertzakian, ARC Energy Research Institute
• Evan Wilson, Canadian Renewable Energy Association
3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The world’s energy transition and the technology pathways
needed to achieve net zero commitments by 2050 create an
opportunity for Alberta to leverage its existing assets and areas
of strength in cleantech. A net zero state is achieved when an
economy either emits no GHG emissions or off-sets its emissions
by removing carbon from the atmosphere through tangible action
such as planting trees or employing technologies that can capture
carbon before it is released into the atmosphere1. Significant
opportunities have been identified from this work and spotlight the
top priorities for Alberta to participate in the energy transition to
reach net zero. These opportunities include:
• Ag-tech (the application of technology to farming operations

to optimize operations, reduce carbon footprint, and increase
yields)
• Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS)
• Digitalization
• Electrification
• Energy efficiency
• Hydrogen production and utilization
Of the opportunities, energy efficiency, digitalization, and

electrification should be further developed in a concerted way to
reduce impacts from the energy sector and accelerate unlocking
of larger opportunities like hydrogen, CCUS, and ag-tech.
The pursuit of net zero emissions in Alberta is expected to

significantly boost jobs and gross domestic product (GDP)
compared to a business-as-usual scenario. Based on this study’s through strong small business practices and low taxation rates,
analysis, pursuing net zero in Alberta could create nearly strong public funding programs for emerging technology and
170,000 new clean technology jobs and contribute $61 billion leading research institutions, and test facilities to accelerate
in GDP to the province’s economy by 2050. For comparison, commercialization timelines. Industry is also signaling its
continuing on a business-as-usual path results in a materially lower commitment to decarbonization through the creation of initiatives
20,000 new jobs and contributes $4 billion in GDP by 2050. such as the Oil Sands Net Zero Alliance. Alongside these positive
signals, the creation of a dedicated ESG Secretariat demonstrates
Beyond identifying sectors with competitive advantage, and the another important signal to investors on Alberta’s commitment to
size of the energy transition prize for Alberta’s future economy, the continue being a leading jurisdiction in Environmental, Social and
study went further to identify key requirements and actions needed Governance (ESG) performance. Currently the ESG Secretariat
to fully capitalize on these opportunities. is working across ministries towards a holistic government ESG
framework that will help showcase how Alberta’s government,
Capital investment is the key to pursuing a clean energy transition
industry, and institutions are sharpening ESG performance and
and realizing the associated benefits to environment, jobs, and
ensuring investors see the incredible opportunity in Alberta to
GDP. Modelling indicates that Alberta will require more than $2.1
contribute to achieving a better world, while achieving consistent
billion in capital annually by 2030, growing to as much as $5.5
yields for their shareholders.
billion annually in 2040. To achieve this level of capital investment,
significant foreign direct investment (FDI) will be needed. Key to Unfortunately, less positive signals are also being sent to investors
attracting this volume of FDI, which will allow Alberta’s cleantech that may indicate that the energy transition and a serious pursuit of
ventures to scale up, is strong, consistent climate policy and clean technology development are not a priority for Alberta. This
leadership. includes the cancellation of the Alberta Investor Tax Credit2, the
closure of Alberta’s provincial energy efficiency agency – Energy
Positive signals are being sent to the investment community
Efficiency Alberta3 – and the repealing of Alberta’s Carbon Tax4.
that Alberta is prioritizing clean technology development
1
See: https://www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/climate-plan/net-zero-emissions-2050.html
2
See: Alberta Investor Tax Credit (AITC) | Alberta.ca
3
See: Alberta government officially ends agency created to handle green rebates and programs | Globalnews.ca
4
See: Alberta makes it official: Bill passed and proclaimed to kill carbon tax | CBC News
4
in emerging technology, such as artificial intelligence and machine
learning. The Edmonton region is one of 3 core members of
the pan-Canadian AI strategy and has particular expertise in
reinforcement learning. Calgary, on the other hand, is building
a strong start-up ecosystem that can support ventures across the
spectrum of ‘cleantech’. Calgary is less hub-focused and instead
concentrates on becoming a strong overall innovation ecosystem
as witnessed by the fact that currently 70 per cent of Alberta’s
cleantech companies are headquartered in Calgary5. It was also
ranked as a top 15 cleantech market by Start-up Genome and
the second best ‘bang for buck’ innovation ecosystem in North
America6.
A low-carbon transformation of Alberta’s industries and economy

will not be without its challenges and will take strong leadership,
vision, and resilience to achieve. However, Alberta stands to gain
a strong market advantage by developing key clean transition
technologies at home. Alberta has considerable technology
strengths, energy infrastructure and assets to capitalize on,
which also gives the province a unique position in the race to
net zero. Alberta’s proven track record of using collaboration,
capital deployment and resource mobilization to execute large-
scale, transformational projects should not be understated. These
strengths set the province up to successfully take on its next great
challenge: the energy transition.
In tandem with strong and consistent climate policy and FDI,

reskilling and training programs for energy sector workers
must play a role in this transition and will be critical to mobilize
Alberta’s clean technology economy. More reskilling and
retraining programs are needed, with a clear link to Alberta’s
clean technology strength areas, such as CCUS and hydrogen.
Many energy sector skills naturally lend themselves to the
cleantech sector, giving Alberta an advantage when it comes to
talent access. Building new skillsets that are currently not present
in the province should also be a priority. A renewed focus on
bringing new talent to the province will be needed if Alberta is to
take a leadership role within cleantech. Alberta’s affordable real
estate market, high standard of living, and world-class recreation
opportunities will be important selling features when attracting top
talent to the province.
Alberta’s large urban centers have a key role to play in supporting

the energy transition, as the in-vestment decisions, talent pool
and innovation activity will all be concentrated in these cities.
Calgary and Edmonton have taken different approaches in how
they capitalize on their respective clean-tech opportunities.
However, the cities complement one another and are creating
a natural innovation corridor within the province. For example,
the Edmonton Metropolitan Region (EMR) is home to Alberta’s
Industrial Heartland and key energy infrastructure and assets,
including refineries and pipeline networks. These assets create
a development and deployment area for hard-tech solutions like
hydrogen and CCUS. The Edmonton region is also looking to set
itself apart from competing jurisdictions by creating deep expertise
5
See: Startup Genome
6
Ibid. – indicates that the source is the same as the previous footnote
5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments 3
Executive Summary 4
1.0 Background 7
Study Methodology 7
Cleantech Definition for the Study 7
Alberta’s Clean & Emerging Technology Ecosystem 9
1.1 Profile of Alberta’s Cleantech Ecosystem 9
Cleantech Inventory 9
Ecosystem Overview 11
Economic Analysis 14
Employment Characteristics 15
Future Market Growth Analysis 16
1.2 SWOT & Gap Analysis 20
Prioritization Matrix 20
SWOT Analysis Methodology 21
SWOT Analysis – Alberta’s Cleantech Ecosystem 22
SWOT Analysis – Ag-tech 24
SWOT Analysis – CCUS 25
SWOT Analysis – Digitalization 27
SWOT Analysis – Electrification 29
SWOT Analysis – Energy efficiency 30
SWOT Analysis – Hydrogen 31
Future Market Growth & Trends 32
2.1 Sub-sector Macro Trends and Alberta Innovation Ecosystem Benchmarking 32
Key Findings: Hydrogen Production and Utilization 32
Key Findings: Ag-tech and Agriculture 33
3.1 Value Proposition Statements 39
Energy Transition Value Proposition: Alberta 39
Energy Transition Value Proposition: Calgary 39
Energy Transition Value Proposition: Edmonton Metropolitan Region 40
Commentary 41
Future Energy Transition Opportunities 42
Appendix A 46
Appendix B 48
Table B1. Cleantech Sub-sector Definitions: 48
Table B2: Cleantech Subsector and NAICS Codes 49
Table B3: Job and GDP Intensity Ratios (Statistics Canada) 51
Appendix C 64
Sub-sector Profiles 64
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1.0 BACKGROUND
As the energy powerhouse of Canada, Alberta is in a unique
position to capitalize on the clean energy transition. This transition
will be a time of immense change for Alberta’s energy sector and
overall economy – driving new infrastructure development, capital
investment, and career opportunities. It is prudent to explore how
Alberta can best leverage the embedded value of its energy
industry infrastructure, talent pool, and capital expenditures to
accelerate and amplify transition activities. As Alberta considers
further diversification opportunities, it already has many strengths
and assets to build from.
In May 2021, Calgary Economic Development (CED) and

Edmonton Global (EG), commissioned the Delphi Group,
Cleantech Group, and Foresight to conduct an Alberta Energy
Transition Study. The purpose of the study is to understand the
economic potential of clean technology (‘cleantech’) in Alberta.
Additionally, the study seeks to identify the strengths and At its core, this study seeks to help all levels of government and
differentiators Alberta, Calgary, and the Edmonton Metropolitan economic development agencies, the business community,
Region offer as cleantech development ecosystems to attract community organizations, and Albertans better understand the
foreign direct investment (FDI), talent, and start-up companies to challenges, opportunities, and key players in Alberta’s emerging
the province. clean technology sector. This included com-paring Alberta to
other clean technology hubs across North America and identifying
specific market opportunities in the global energy transition for
Calgary and the Edmonton region. The key takeaways from
this study will be used as a tool to communicate Alberta’s value
proposition to potential investors by highlighting these specific
market opportunities.
STUDY METHODOLOGY
The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved painting

a holistic picture of the current size and scale of Alberta’s clean
and emerging technology economy, including key players, support
organizations and funding supports. This was done quantitatively
through the development of two economic models that quantified
current and future cleantech activities – job and GDP contributions
– within the province. It also involved qualitative analysis through a
SWOT exercise (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats)
and benchmarking to highlight Alberta’s cleantech strengths. These
strengths were then compared against other cleantech ecosystems
globally. Phase 2 applied the findings from the economic analysis,
SWOT, and benchmarking activities from Phase 1 to develop key
collateral and strategic documents, which will enable CED and EG
to articulate the leading advantages of Alberta’s clean technology
ecosystem and better capitalize on available market opportunities
stemming from the energy transition.
7
CLEANTECH DEFINITION FOR THE STUDY
For the purpose of this study, energy transition cleantech included

16 specific sub-sectors. These sub-sectors were identified and
defined in collaboration with CED and EG. The following sub-
sectors were included as part of the Energy Transition Study:
• Ag-tech and agriculture

• Carbon capture, utilization, and storage
• D
igitalization (IoT, sensors, data analytics, AI, machine
learning, AR/VR/digital twins, data management)
• E lectrification (including vehicle and rail electrification
technologies) and grid infrastructure, including smart grid
capabilities
• E nergy efficiency (e.g., co-generation, high-performance
HVAC equipment, energy management)
• E nergy storage technologies, materials, and supply chain (e.g.,
lithium extraction)
• H
ydrogen production and utilization (covers various aspects
of hydrogen-related technology including fuel cells, storage,
transportation, materials development)
• Methane monitoring and abatement
• N
on-thermal use of fossil-based feedstocks and sustainable,
alternative and high-tech materials
• Non-thermal use of fossil-based feedstocks (e.g., bitumen
beyond combustion) and sustainable bitumen recovery
• Sustainable, alternative, and high-tech materials (e.g.,
biochemicals, bio-plastics, biopharmaceuticals, pipeline
coatings, low-GHG cement)
• Renewable energy production
• S
mall Modular Reactor (SMR) development (i.e., modular
nuclear)
• Sustainable fuels
• Sustainable fuel development, biogas, and renewable
natural gas
• Sustainable fuel development, including transportation fuels

(e.g., aviation, biodiesel).
• Waste management and advanced recycling technologies
• Water efficiency and wastewater treatment technologies
It is important to note that as the study progressed, several sub-

sectors were combined as it proved challenging to delineate GDP
contribution and investment between heavily aligned sub-sectors,
particularly for the economic analysis. Renewable natural gas
(RNG) and biogas were combined with sustainable transportation
fuels to create an overall “sustainable fuels” sub-sector. Similarly,
non-thermal use of bitumen (including carbon and bitumen-
derived products) and sustainable materials were combined into a
single sub-sector as both involved the use of similar infrastructure
and feed-stocks to generate value-added products/sustainable
alternatives. These sub-sectors have been grouped and sub-
bulleted in the list above.
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ALBERTA’S CLEAN & EMERGING
TECHNOLOGY ECOSYSTEM
1.1 Profile of Alberta’s Cleantech Ecosystem
CLEANTECH INVENTORY
An inventory was developed to highlight key financing players A total of 945 companies were included in the cleantech venture
and support organizations within the Alberta clean technology inventory, including oil and gas producers working with start-
ecosystem. The inventory was also intended to provide an ups and developing technologies in-house. From the inventory
overview of the clean technology development activity currently data, 462 companies are headquartered in Calgary, while 429
happening in the region. For a company to be included in the companies call the EMR home. Fifty-four (54) companies are
cleantech venture inventory, it had to be headquartered in Alberta headquartered outside Alberta’s two largest urban centers. Broken
(or demonstrate the existence of a permanent satellite office), fall down, the current leading subsectors across Alberta’s ecosystem
within the 16 identified sub-sectors, and demonstrate a link to an by number of active companies are digitalization, renewable
environmental benefit through the deployment of the technology/ energy generation and water efficiency and wastewater treatment,
service. representing areas of strength in talent, expertise, and investment
attraction. There are also technology clusters developing in the
It should be noted that the inventory developed for the study is areas of ag-tech, sustainable fuels, methane monitoring and
not meant to be exhaustive, but a representative sample of the alternative materials/non-thermal use of bitumen.
cleantech companies, support organizations and financing firms
operating in Alberta. The inventory lists were generated from There were 54 financing entities included in the funding
several of sources including the Foresight Alberta bi-annual landscape and over 108 organizations were identified as part
cleantech survey, Cleantech Group’s i3 database and the Start of the ecosystem support landscape. From the data, it’s clear that
Alberta database. Alberta is developing a strong clean technology ecosystem, with
the programs and facilities needed to accelerate technology
From the inventory data, 945 cleantech-focused companies development and commercialization. A financial nucleus is also
are headquartered in Alberta. The subsectors across Alberta’s emerging in the province, spurred by growing investor presence
ecosystem with the largest number of companies include and financing activity in Calgary.
digitalization, renewable energy generation and water
efficiency and wastewater treatment, representing areas of
strength in talent, expertise and investment attraction.
9
CLEANTECH SUB-SECTOR NUMBER OF COMPANIES (INVENTORY)
Digitalization 131
Renewable Energy Generation 121
Water Efficiency & Wastewater Treatment 59
Non-thermal use of Bitumen & Sustainable Bitumen Recovery 42
Methane Monitoring & Abatement 41
Ag-tech & Agriculture 38
Waste Management & Recycling Technologies 38
Sustainable & Alternative Materials 34
Energy Efficiency 32
Sustainable Transportation Fuels 23
Energy Storage 22
Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage (CCUS) 13
Hydrogen Production & Utilization 12
Electrification 9
Sustainable Fuels - RNG & Biogas 9
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) 0
*The inventory also included several ventures under a ‘Green Buildings’ and ‘Transportation’ category, as they did not
fit within any of the clean technology sub-sectors identified for the project. Consulting organizations that are working to
support the energy transition were also included in the inventory under the category ‘All’, as they tend to work across
multiple sectors. They are not ac-counted for in the summary table above. Similarly, some companies fit under more than
one category. Companies were classified within the strongest aligning sub-sector.
3
BioAlberta. Life Sciences in Alberta – State of the Industry 2019
4
BioAlberta. Life Sciences in Alberta – State of the Industry 2019
5
Calgary Economic Development, 2021
6
Orpyx Medical Technologies. https://www.orpyx.com/orpyx-news/made-in-calgary-masks-to-help-protect-albertans
10
ECOSYSTEM OVERVIEW
An innovation ecosystem can be defined as a geographically Oil & Gas 71%

bounded and connected cluster of technology-based startups, Power & Utilities 44%
support service providers, customers, investors, and related
Other
entities working together to launch and grow companies. A high- Manufacturing 38%
Industries
functioning innovation ecosystem includes strong outcomes across
Agricultural &
the following indicators, according to Startup Genome: Food Processing 36%
Mining
• Performance, including access to early-stage funding and &Mineral 35%
Processing
customers, the quality of sup-porting infrastructure within
Chemicals &
the ecosystem, and its capacity to draw entrepreneurs and Pharmaceuticals
29%
resources from elsewhere. Water &

Wastewater 29%
Management
• Talent, including the accessibility, quality, and cost of relevant
Government 28%
expertise and the characteristics of associated Founders such
Waste
as background, experience, ambition, and approach. Management 24%
Construction 19%
• C
onnectedness, including inter-relationships, collisions, and Commercial
collaborative support among and between founders, investors, & Residential 18%
Properties
customers, and supporters.
Transportation 18%
The results of the bi-annual provincial cleantech pureplay venture Direct to

Consumer
15%
survey undertaken by Foresight Alberta offer some specific insights

Health Care 15%
into the Alberta ecosystem against these criteria:
Aquaculture 13%
Forestry &
13%
Forest Products
Pureplay: Describes a company that focuses or specializes
solely on one particular product or activity. In cleantech, this Other - Please
Specify
11%
could be hardware, software, or service. Ocean Industries 10%
Tourism 3%
• E nergy industry dominates customer markets, and Fisheries 1%
hardware-based innovation is more-common than

digital: Nearly three-quarters of Alberta’s over 210 pureplay Figure 1 - Alberta Cleantech Customers and Target
Markets (Foresight Alberta, 2021 Cleantech Report)
cleantech startups seek to sell to the oil and gas industry.
Nearly half seek customers in power and utilities, and about
one-third in either “other manufacturing”, the agricultural
sector, or mining. Over two-thirds of ventures are undertaking
hardware-based rather than software-based plays,
enabled by innovation in chemical process, manufacturing,
nanotechnology or genomics. Roughly eight per cent of
ventures report a focus on carbon capture, utilization and
storage (CCUS).
• Sector is maturing: Although nearly half of responding

companies were under five years old, there are fewer
new (less than two years old) cleantech ventures in 2021
compared to 2017 and 2019. Newer ventures move more
quickly through Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) than peer
ventures started earlier, achieving a higher level of validation.
11
• F ounder diversity: Half of Alberta cleantech ventures (51 per
cent) are led by first-time founders. Thirty-two per cent (32 per
cent) of ventures have a founder with a trades background.
About one-quarter of ventures (28 per cent) have founders
who were born outside Canada and 22 per cent of ventures
have a female founder, which is above the national average of
15.6 per cent and consistent with the wider Alberta technology
development sector.
• Access to Capital: Of the roughly 80 per cent of ventures who

reported seeking public funding and/or private investment,
roughly three-quarters were successful. Notably, female
founders may face disproportionate barriers in accessing
capital. Companies with female founders accounted for only
seven per cent of the total investment raised by respondents.
Almost half of Alberta’s cleantech ventures were pre-revenue in

2019. Close to half of all reported revenue was from Canadian waste management, and advanced recycling technologies.
customers, with about one-third from the US and the remaining
22per cent from other global markets. Revenues came primarily The COVID-19 pandemic and the associated political and
in the methane monitoring and abatement subsector. Canadian economic actions in 2020 had a significant impact on access
revenue came primarily from sales in sustainable fuel development, to capital and customers. Just over half of ventures reported
having lost private debt or equity investment deals as a result of
the COVID-19 pandemic. Forty per cent (40 per cent) reported
experiencing a 25-50 per cent reduction in revenue year over
year, and a third experienced a greater than 50 per cent reduction
in total revenue.
Primary barriers to commercialization reported by ventures include

difficulty getting to a field-based pilot with end-users, as well as
identifying and accessing investment capital. The most helpful
sources of support identified by entrepreneurs include the Canadian
Scientific Research and Experimental Development Tax Incentive
Program (SR&ED) and the Natural Research Council’s (NRC)
Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP). Federal granting
programs through Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), the federal
Clean Growth Hub concierge portal, and support from public
agencies including Sustainable Development Technologies Canada
(SDTC), Emissions Reduction Alberta, and Alberta Innovates were
also cited as beneficial support programs.
Specific strengths or ‘connectedness’ differentiators within the

ecosystem include:
• Oil and Gas/Transition, (Blue) Hydrogen and CCUS: The

provincial cleantech sector has a relatively high focus on the
oil and gas sector and on CCUS. Key innovation networks
and non-dilutive funding mechanisms focused in this area
include Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA), the
sector-wide Clean Resource Innovation Network (CRIN) with
its associated oil and gas innovation challenges, Emissions
Reduction Alberta (ERA), the Petroleum Technology Alliance of
Canada (PTAC), Methane Emission Leadership Alliance (MELA)
and the Natural Gas Innovation Fund (NGIF). Alberta is also
home to four of the world‘s 30 commercial CCUS projects, the
first Carbon XPRIZE, associated test bed facilities, experienced
researchers and developers, project regulatory frameworks,
and has demonstrated social license for large-scale project
deployment, including the construction and operation of the
12
200 km long Alberta Carbon Trunk Line without any reported
public opposition. The new partnership between Avatar
Innovations and XPRIZE for a $100M Carbon Removal
Competition in support of emerging carbon capture ventures
will likely accelerate growth in the density of these ventures in
the province.
• Electricity and Utility Sector: The province’s ‘open market’

electricity sector is the most dynamic in the country for
renewables and energy storage. Specific networks of support
include Decentralized Energy Canada (DEC), and the non-
utility procurement market-maker Business Renewables
Centre Canada. Notably, an emerging geothermal venture
cluster includes several companies that have secured global
investment.
• Agriculture: With an on-farm agricultural carbon offset

market in place since 2007, Alberta has transacted over
16 megatonnes (Mt) of compliance-grade nature-based
carbon offsets. It is home to several key industrial clusters in
the agriculture value chain, including agrichemicals, grain,
pulse and beef producer networks, and Canada‘s Roundtable
on Sustainable Beef. Clusters of non-dilutive support backed
by industry to drive innovation include the Canadian Agri-
Food Automation and Intelligence Network, Protein Industries
Canada and Natural Products Canada. Numerous domestic
and global investors have established foot-holds and
participated in Alberta-based ag-tech deal flow including
Builders VC, and Telus Ventures.
13
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The study also sought to understand the number of direct jobs
associated with the cleantech sub-sectors. From Figure 2, the
The Alberta Energy Transition Study sought to understand top five sub-sectors for direct technology jobs in Alberta are
the current size and economic contribution of Alberta’s clean 1) Energy efficiency (3524), 2) Waste management (2449),
technology sector through the development of a comprehensive 3) Sustainable fuel development (1406), 4) Non-thermal use
economic model. According to the study’s model, the clean of bitumen and sustainable materials (1386), and 5) Ag-tech
technology sector (as defined for the study) em-ployed over and agriculture (1270). It is important to note that not all direct
137,000 Albertans in 2020. This number includes all associated jobs are created equal. For example, most energy efficiency
cleantech jobs – direct, indirect, induced, corporate development, jobs identified via NAICS codes are likely to be deployment
etc. – across the sub-sectors. This number represents 6.3 per cent activities (e.g., installation of energy efficient technologies), while
of Alberta’s total job count, or 139,000 out of 2.2 million in 2020. jobs in sustainable fuel development are focused on production
technology and processes.
Alberta’s cleantech sector employed over 137,000 Albertans
in 2020. This number includes all associated cleantech jobs –
direct, indirect, induced, corporate development, etc. – across
the sub-sectors, representing 6.3per cent of Alberta’s total job
count (2.2 million in 2020).
Energy efficiency 3524

Waste management and recycling 2449
Sustainable fuel development 1406
Non-thermal use of fossil fuel feedstocks and sustainable… 1386
Ag-tech and agriculture 1270
Renewable energy production 1173
Electrification 1157
Water efficiency and wastewater treatment technologies 989
Energy storage technologies 461
Carbon capture, utilization and storage 220
Hydrogen production and utilization 211
Digitalization 174
Methane monitoring and abatement 117
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) 115
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Number of Jobs
Figure 2 – Direct Technology Jobs by Cleantech Sub-sector, Alberta 2020
The economic model also analyzed the current market size (i.e., GDP) generated by each clean technology sub-sector, with direct
technology GDP contributions tabulated for each. While Figure 3 below captures direct GDP, each sub-sector will also contribute
spillover benefits and economic activity – both indirect and induced GDP – beyond clean technology focused activity. This speaks to
the need to look holistically at cleantech opportunities to ensure all economic benefits are well understood so that growth opportunities
can be identified and captured. When considering direct technology activities only, the top five sub-sectors include water efficiency and
wastewater, energy efficiency, sustainable fuel development, renewable energy, and waste management.
14
Water efficiency and wastewater treatment $492
Energy efficiency $442
Sustainable fuel development $377
Renewable energy production $325
Waste management and recycling $318
Electrification $191
Non-thermal use and sustainable materials $186
Hydrogen production and utilization $120
Ag-tech and agriculture $99
Energy storage technologies, $59
Methane monitoring and abatement $47
Carbon, Capture, Utilization & Storage $44
Digitalization $38
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) $16
$0 $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $600
GDP (in Millions of 2012 Dollars)
Figure 3 – Direct Technology GDP by Cleantech Sub-sector, Alberta 2020
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Worker characteristics of clean technology jobs reported by In asking the question of what this economic shift means for
Statistics Canada, shows that 24per cent of the jobs in the sector Alberta’s workforce within an energy transition, the answer
have a university degree or higher, 25per cent have a college is clear. The shift will create economic benefit and increase
diploma and 17per cent have a trade certificate7. Looking to Alberta’s share of Environmental and Clean Technology sector
the Environmental and Clean Technology (ECT) sector, the jobs, which are more stable.
annual average salary of this profession was $112,067 for men,
and $105,312 for women, which is slightly above the annual To further strengthen Alberta’s clean technology economy, a
average salary for a similar position outside the cleantech sector focus on upskilling and reskilling workers for cleantech positions,
- $102,254. Thus, bringing new clean technology positions to the like those listed above, will be needed to ensure Alberta’s future
province can provide stable, well-paying employment to Albertans workforce can meet demand for cleantech skillsets. Reskilling and
– particularly those impacted by a downturn in the oil and gas training programs for energy sector workers must play a role in this
sector. employment transition. Many energy sector skills naturally lend
themselves to the cleantech sector, which means that Alberta has
Insights on key cleantech occupations in the sector can be drawn an advantageous position when it comes to talent access. Bringing
from a 2020 ECO Canada report, which concludes that the in new skillsets, not currently present in the province, should be a
cleantech workforce requires workers with both highly specialized priority. Alberta’s affordable real estate market, high standard of
skills such as a chemical engineer or technologist, and business living and world-class recreation access will be important selling
acumen, such as financial managers8, logistics experts, and features when attracting top talent to the province.
accountants. The report also stated that many employers are
currently struggling to fill certain cleantech positions, including: Figure 4 below indicates that cleantech job seekers are forecast
to be greater than job openings in 2025 and 2030 on average.
• Engineers, drafters, designers, and technicians In 2025 the imbalance of job seekers over openings is 5,085
or 7.2 per cent, By 2030, the imbalance will have declined
• G
eologists, laboratory specialists, environmental technicians, significantly to 1,713 or 2.3 per cent. This is an important indicator
scientists for cleantech companies looking to relocate or grow in Alberta,
• Project managers, directors as there appears to be a ready and willing labour force for clean
technology development in the province. However, there is nuance
• Trades (Welders, electricians, mechanics, and others) to this overall number, as certain subsectors may have more
trouble finding skilled employees than others. Of specific interest is
• Drivers, machine operators. the CCUS sub-sector that looks to be facing a shortage by 2030.
Contrast this with hydrogen and energy storage, where modeling
anticipates a strong supply of job seekers. The implication is that
reskilling, upskilling and/or talent attraction in the province should
focus on sub-sectors that are facing tight labour markets to ensure
economic growth potential can be achieved.
7
See: Portrait of Environmental and Clean Technology Jobs
8
See: Cleantech Defined: A Scoping Study of the Sector and its Workforce
15
Forecast Imbalance of Job Seekers vs Job Openings, by
Subsector, 2025 and 2030, Alberta
15.0% 11.7%
10.0% 6.7%
5.0% 1.8% 2.4%
0.0%
-5.0% -1.2% -2.8%

-2.3%
-3.5% -6.5% -5.8%
-10.0%
-4.2% -5.2%
-6.9%
-15.0%
-15.3% -15.3%
-20.0%
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Figure 4: Forecast Imbalance of Job Seekers vs Job Openings, by Subsector, 2025 and 2030, Alberta9 10
FUTURE MARKET GROWTH ANALYSIS
Following the development of a baseline economic model, The future market growth assessment compared the GDP
designed to give an overview of the status of the clean economy contribution and job potential of a net zero trajectory in Alberta
in Alberta, a future-facing model was developed to identify against a ‘traditional’ growth forecast. The traditional forecast
cleantech sub-sectors with the highest potential economic impact. was based on the Occupational Outlook 2019-2028 for
Alberta, a long-term assessment of potential imbalances in the
provincial labour market developed by the Department of Labour
and Immigration in October 2019. The net zero trajectory was
developed using annual growth rates from a variety of sources,
including the International Energy Agency (IEA), Alberta Electrical
System Operator (AESO), Navius Consulting, SNC Lavalin,
Bloomberg and McKinsey. Further information on the growth rates
can be found in the Appendix.
For this analysis, the forecast was extrapolated out to 2050.

Figure 5 below highlights the significant job market opportunities
that could result from investing in a net zero future in Alberta,
compared to a traditional or ‘business-as-usual’ scenario in
terms of investment priorities. Figure 6 demonstrates GDP growth
comparisons between the two scenarios – cleantech (net zero
trajectory) vs. traditional. By 2050 the net zero growth scenario
could generate almost 170,000 clean technology jobs and
contribute $61 billion in GDP. In contrast, the ‘business-as-usual’
pathway would only generate 20,000 new jobs and $4 billion
in GDP by 2050, assuming outlook period (2019-2028) growth
trends continue.
9
Source: Alberta’s Occupational Outlook 2019 - 2028
10
Proportion of net job seekers is defined by openings minus seekers as a ratio of total job seekers
16
Cleantech vs Traditional Job Growth to 2050, Alberta
200,000
166,941
Jobs (in person per year)
150,000
100,000
17,814
14,651 16,128 49,144
50,000 19,741
23,586
14,651
0
2020 2030 2040 2050
Year
Cleantech Jobs Traditional Jobs

Figure 51 - Cleantech vs. Traditional job growth in Alberta to 2050
Cleantech vs Traditional GDP Growth to 2050, Alberta

70,000
60,796
6 0,000
Millions of Dollars (2012)
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
14,036
5,562
10,000
2,753 2,753 3,066 3,424 3,832
0
2020 2030 2040 2050
Cleantech GDP (Millions of 2012 Dollars) Traditional GDP (Millions of 2012 Dollars)
Figure 6 2 - Cleantech vs. Traditional GDP growth in Alberta to 2050
The net zero scenario analyzed the investment required across the
clean economy and across clean technology verticals for Alberta
to remain on an emission-reduction trajectory, as well as the
subsequent jobs and GDP contributions that would result from this
investment. According to the analysis, the top 5 performing clean
technology sub-sectors, in terms of job growth, between 2020
and 2030 are:
1. Sustainable fuel development
2. Energy efficiency
3. Non-thermal use of bitumen and sustainable materials
development
4. Waste management
5. Renewable energy production.
The top 5 performing clean technology sub-sectors in terms of

GDP contributions by 2030 were as follows:
1. Sustainable fuel development
2. Water efficiency and wastewater treatment
3. Energy efficiency
4. N
on-thermal use of bitumen and sustainable materials
development
5. Renewable energy production.
17
MODEL LIMITATIONS
The job and GDP contributions by sub-sector were developed out

to 2030, 2040, and 2050. The predictive accuracy of the model
will begin to diminish beyond 2030, given the regulatory and
policy uncertainty of the identified technology sub-sectors, such
as small-modular reactors, hydrogen, and electrification. It should
also be noted that the model has been developed in such a way
that it builds off existing job and GDP data (e.g., Statistics Canada
data). This means that certain sub-sectors will have a higher job
count at the outset of the analysis. Emerging sub-sectors with lower
current job counts, but higher growth rates, such as digitalization,
carbon capture utilization and storage, energy storage and
hydrogen, may not have time to ‘catch-up’ to more established
sub-sectors out to 2030, even though they are growing at a much
faster rate.
Projected Direct, Indirect & Induced Cleantech GDP by

Subsector, 2030, Alberta
(Millions of 2012 Dollars)
1,876

1,373 1,423
1,061
704 755
526 540 534
379 403 367
229
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Figure 3 7 – Projected direct cleantech jobs by sub-sector in Alberta by 2030
Projected Direct, Indirect & Induced Cleantech GDP by

Subsector, 2030, Alberta
(Millions of 2012 Dollars)
1,876
1,373 1,423
1,061
704 755
526 540 534
379 403 367
229
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Figure 8 4 - Projected direct clean technology GDP by

sub-sector in Alberta by 2030 (Millions of 2012 Dollars)
18
If Alberta is to reap the benefits of clean economy-related jobs By breaking down the data around investment dollars in cleantech
and economic activity, the analysis suggests that a significant sub-sectors and economic growth, the numbers revealed a
level of new capital will need to be invested. A previous Alberta- compelling takeaway which is that cleantech investments would
focused cleantech study developed by Navius Research was not only put Alberta on the road to a lower-carbon future but
reviewed and used as a source for the future market growth would also kickstart significant economic growth. The study’s
analysis. modeling found that to capitalize on the clean energy transition,
Alberta will need to invest more than $2.1 billion annually in the
The Navius study showed that every dollar of capital investment cleantech sector by 2030; and this amount will increase to $5.5
in the clean economy would yield $2.90 in GDP in 2020. By billion by 2040. This growth versus investment comparison is
2030, this ratio is expected to be $2.54 because of the cleantech highlighted in Figure 9 below. The investment leverage – or the net
‘learning curve’ or productivity gains within emerging clean GDP gain from cleantech investment – is indicated by the yellow-
technology markets. The same phenomenon applies to job shaded area in Figure 9.
creation. For example, in 2020, every million dollars in cleantech
capital investment yielded 19 cleantech jobs. By 2030, this
multiplier is 14.6 jobs per million dollars in capital investment.
This ratio was used to guide the development of the future market
assessment for this Alberta Energy Transition Study.
Figure 9 5 - Clean technology generated GDP vs. required investment through to 2050 in Alberta
19
1.2 SWOT & Gap Analysis
PRIORITIZATION MATRIX
A prioritization exercise was undertaken to determine which sub-

sectors could offer the greatest clean technology opportunities
to Alberta. The six highest-potential sub-sectors were identified
from the list of 16 developed at the outset of the project. Each
sub-sector was scored against a common set of evaluation criteria,
which included the following areas (criteria weighting shown in
brackets):
• S
hort-term opportunities (3 per cent): Commercialization
potential within 1-5 years.
• D
emonstrated industry interest and demand (15 per cent):
Active pilot projects, large-scale demonstration of the
technology, industry accelerator/incubator sponsorship, direct
industry investment in start-ups and scale-ups.
• P olicy drivers or barriers (5 per cent): Sub-sector specific

policies or regulations in place to support or improve the
likelihood of technology uptake or investment attraction. Secondary research was conducted across the evaluation areas
cited above for each of the 16 cleantech sub-sectors identified
• C
urrent market size (12 per cent): Current market size (GDP in for the project. Examples demonstrating current activity and
millions of 2012 dollars) output from the baseline economic potential opportunities, along with economic model outputs,
model. were organized in a matrix format. The project team used an
established rubric to score each cleantech sub-sector across all
• S
trength of support ecosystem and infrastructure (8 per
evaluation criteria.
cent): Includes funding programs, test facilities, laboratories,
industry associations and networks, accelerator and incubator The exercise also took into consideration the development versus
programs focused on specific clean technology sub-sectors. deployment potential of the sub-sectors. For example, renewable
energy projects will play an important role in Alberta’s clean
• S
ector maturity (8 per cent): Average age of cleantech
energy transition, however the likelihood of new technologies
ventures, sophistication of policies and regulations, industry
(e.g., higher efficiency solar panels, upcycled wind turbines) being
strategies focused on the sub-sector.
developed in Alberta are low; it is more likely that renewable
• J ob creation (12 per cent): Number of jobs generated by the energy will provide deployment opportunities and projects in the
baseline economic model. province rather than a renewable energy start-up ecosystem.
• M
edium and long-term opportunities (12per cent): Anticipated The scoring also took into consideration Alberta’s ability to
commercialization and deployment potential beyond the next lead across each sub-sector through the utilization of existing
5 years. Annual growth potential of the sub-sector. infrastructure and assets, leveraging the province’s current skilled
energy workforce and leveraging the deep expertise Alberta
• G
lobal interest/foreign direct investment (FDI) potential has in energy, agriculture and forestry. In this regard, some sub-
(15 per cent): Indicators that the technology sub-sector sectors did not score well overall, despite having relatively higher
would be deployed by other markets and draw interest from economic contribution – jobs, GDP and export revenue. Focus
international investors. was put on future growth rates of the technology sub-sectors. It is
expected that many energy transition focused technology areas
• E xport potential (12 per cent): Export-focused data from the
will begin to outgrow traditional energy sector service industries,
baseline economic model; based on 2020 values.
such as waste management and wastewater treatment, by 2025.
• F uture job projections (12 per cent): Average of 2030, 2040, Similarly, some sub-sectors did not complement Alberta’s energy
2050 job projections as determined by the future market transition strengths or are already seeing considerable market
growth assessment net zero pathway model. saturation from other jurisdictions. These lenses were taken into
consideration when selecting the highest-potential technology
• F uture GDP contribution projections (12 per cent): Average of sub-sectors to focus the study’s SWOT and benchmarking
2030, 2040, 2050 GDP contributions (millions of 2012 GDP) analyses on.
as determined by the future market growth assessment net zero
pathway model.
20
The results of this exercise are interesting, as they significantly SUSTAINABLE FUEL DEVELOPMENT
alter the potential sub-sectors of focus. As with any transition, it
becomes evident that the path forward will require more attention Alberta’s energy sector infrastructure, talent pool and feedstocks
to be spent on new and emerging opportunity, rather than align well to this sub-sector. Sustainable fuel technologies are
emphasizing historical or ‘business as usual’ sectors. Greater mature within the province and offer significant opportunities.
opportunity for success will be found in fostering sub-sectors with Emerging pathways in the sustainable fuels space include the
greater growth potential and stronger strategic advantage. utilization of Alberta’s forestry sector residual waste to generate
transportation fuels and the development of sustainable aviation
A detailed profile of the six prioritized sub-sectors can be found fuel (SAF). Significant policy and regulatory barriers still exist
in the Appendix. The top six identified sub-sectors, in alphabetical in the SAF space, although it is emerging as a clear priority for
order, are as follows: the airline industry. The implementation of the federal Clean
1. Ag-tech and agriculture Fuel Standard14 will also drive activity and increased need for
sustainable fuels.
2. Carbon-capture utilization and storage
3. Digitalization The use of sustainable transportation fuels beyond 2035 is in
4. Electrification question as the focus is shifting toward the electrification of
personal vehicles, although a market for diesel displacement for
5. Energy efficiency,
remote communities and heavy industry vehicles is likely to remain.
6. Hydrogen production and utilization. For this reason, sustainable fuels scored lower in the long-term
opportunities category compared to other technology pathways.
While not in the list of the top six, the authors wish to make a note
However, over the next five to ten years the opportunity within the
below of two additional categories that are expected to play a
sustainable fuels industry will remain high for Alberta and should
significant role in Alberta’s energy transition.
remain an investment priority.
RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION SWOT ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY
This sub-sector is intrinsically linked to several other clean A SWOT analysis was undertaken to better understand (and
technologies, including electrification and energy storage. The verify) the current state of the clean technology ecosystem in
pace at which Alberta can bring additional renewable energy Alberta and to identify the opportunities and threats that exist for
capacity online (currently electricity in the province is over 91 per successful clean technology development within the province.
cent fossil-fuel generated11) will impact its ability to attract start-ups It was developed using a combination of secondary desktop
working on certain energy transition pathways, like electrification. research and a series of key informant interviews.
Alberta has significant renewable energy potential, with one of
the best solar resources in Canada12 and the potential for 150 The SWOT analysis was conducted in two separate parts:
GW (giga Watts) of wind generation and 120 GW of geothermal
1. A
SWOT analysis of the overall Alberta ecosystem, including
generation13 – which would far exceed Alberta’s current power
needs (~15 GW). However, with the exception of geothermal, available supports, programs, policies and funding
renewable energy technologies are considered a mature product mechanisms.
with an established global supply chain. As such, renewable 2. An individual SWOT analysis for the six prioritized clean
energy is likely to represent a deployment effort in Alberta, rather technology sub-sectors, highlighting potential opportunities
than a cleantech development opportunity. In light of this, a and areas for improvement needed to drive additional activity
deeper dive into this sector was not pursued. within each sector.
11
Source: CER – Provincial and Territorial Energy Profiles - Alberta (cer-rec.gc.ca)
12
Source: Photovoltaic potential and solar resource maps of Canada (nrcan.gc.ca)
13
Source: Alberta’s green energy future | Corporate Knights
14
Source: Clean Fuel Standard regulatory design - Canada.ca
21
SWOT ANALYSIS — ALBERTA’S
CLEANTECH ECOSYSTEM
STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES
The growth of Alberta’s cleantech sector presents significant Despite the strengths of Alberta’s cleantech sector, barriers
opportunities to achieve net zero emissions and sustainable continue to slow growth. A lack of consistent policy and regulatory
economic growth. Robust public funding and cleantech drivers for technology adoption,24 as well as a narrow focus of
development programs,15 coupled with key commercialization financing mechanisms25 hinder mass commercialization efforts.
laboratories and test centers, are driving rapid progress in the These mechanisms have primarily focused on supporting start-ups,
sector. Specifically, funding programs from Emissions Reduction rather than helping established SMEs achieve market expansion
Alberta, and Alberta Innovates, in part supported by carbon and/or pivoting into cleantech areas. SMEs developing non-oil
compliance revenues from the Technology and Innovation and gas technologies tend to be overshadowed by the traditional
Emissions Reduction Regulation (TIER), has been an important hydrocarbon-based companies,26 which limits potential for global
differentiator in setting the sector up for success.16 markets and offtakers.
Foresight Alberta’s 2021 Cleantech Report highlighted new Higher labour costs and difficulty reaching economies of scale
ventures are more rapidly progressing through Technology continue to pose challenges for Alberta to scale up and compete
Readiness Levels (<10 years) compared to historical timelines.17 with global manufacturing centers27. Other key barriers include
Favorable corporate tax rate,18 wide availability of public grants,19 connection to first buyers,28 corporate partner red tape,29 as well
along with strong entrepreneurial spirit have been instrumental as a lack of carbon pricing and regulatory certainty domestically,
in attracting new streams of cleantech investment to the region. and with key trading partners, driving overarching net zero or
Organizations like De-centralized Energy Canada and Canadian decarbonization targets and associated investments.30
Environmental Technology Advancement Corporation-WEST
have been the backbone of the ecosystem by providing a range
of support such as mentorship, networking, and policy advocacy
support.20
Alberta’s skilled, and diverse workforce is a core asset, with a

growing share of workers receiving postsecondary certificates and
university degrees.21 Alberta has the most engineers per capita in
Canada.22 In 2018, it was estimated that there were 8.9 engineers
per 1000 people in Alberta, which is almost twice the national
average. Low cost of living and livability of the region23 continue to
be strong selling features for attracting new talent.
15
Source: Globe Series - Emissions Reduction Alberta; Successfully 22
Source: Engineers Canada - 2019 National Membership Information
Scaling Cleantech 23
Source: Government of Alberta - Life in Alberta
16
Source: SWOT Interview 24
Source: Foresight Alberta 2020 Cleantech Report
17
Source: Foresight Alberta 2020 Cleantech Report 25
Source: SWOT Analysis Advisory Committee
18
Source: Canada ranks 1st among G7 countries for ease of paying taxes 26
Source: 2018 Cleantech Directions: Spotlight Alberta Report
and low total tax burden for small to medium-sized companies 27
Source: SWOT Interview
19
Source: Government of Alberta - Supports for technology businesses 28
20
Ibid.
21
Source: Alberta’s Labour Market Highlights 2019 Source: SWOT Analysis Advisory Committee
22
30
OPPORTUNITIES
Significant opportunities exist to accelerate the development

of Alberta’s cleantech ecosystem. The strong desire to drive
innovation in the Alberta entrepreneurial community, particularly
in the Calgary region, as noted through the study’s stakeholder
engagement process, (e.g., Rainforest Alberta, Central Alberta
Regional Innovation Network [CARIN], Clean Resource
Innovation Network [CRIN]), provides an opportunity to develop
an innovation culture across the province, and promote a more
collaborative, complementary overall ecosystem.31
Sustainability and climate commitments at the executive leadership

and senior management level are needed to provide clear
direction towards a grander cleantech vision and strategy for
Alberta’s heavy industry.32 Strong signals from Alberta’s corporate
community will help solidify the region as a preferred location for
cleantech development and investment. Additionally, government
and crown corporation first-buyer programs and non-prescriptive,
green procurement strategies33 can accelerate the adoption of
new emerging technologies.
Policy and funding mechanisms from government can be designed

THREATS
to help the sector expand by providing support for existing
companies to pivot or diversify market offers. Implementing The progress of Alberta’s cleantech ecosystem may be
sustainable financing criteria and a broader carbon tax can hindered by several external factors. With the rapid progress
potentially help Alberta to achieve its net zero targets, and thus in technologies, “new-tech” of today may quickly become
bolster growth in the cleantech sector.34 Indigenous participation outdated.36 This is often known as the ‘leapfrog’ effect, in which
can also bring in valuable insights and access to federal funding industries or jurisdictions who are late to implement solutions
and partnership to projects.35 by-pass technologies focused on incremental change and
wait for game-changing innovation. This phenomenon is not
unique to cleantech but drives home the importance of investing
in the development of both incremental and game-changing
technologies to maintain a leadership advantage.
From a policy standpoint, there is no unified or clear policy

directives towards an overarching net zero or decarbonization
target, resulting in the continued fragmentation of Alberta’s
cleantech and action toward net zero. Policy uncertainty37 (e.g.,
Energy Efficiency Alberta cancellation, coal phase-out hesitation)
and cancellation of investment mechanisms38 (such as Investor Tax
Credits)39 with changes in provincial or federal government are
contributing to an uncertain investment environment.
Stronger provincial policy and investment mechanisms are

necessary to incentivize the local and global investment
community. Dampened government royalties and revenues from
corporate and personal income taxes may threaten the sources
of funding programs;40 which may be detrimental to the growth of
the overall ecosystem as companies are heavily reliant on funding
programs. Collectively, flight of young, skilled labor from city
centres,41 decreased funding of universities, lack of participation
in childcare subsidies, and diversity and inclusivity issues threaten
the future talent pool for those in the high tech, energy, and
technology space.42
31
Ibid.
32
Source: SWOT Analysis Advisory Committee 40
Source: SWOT interview
33
Source: Canada launches clean electricity procurement process 41
Source: Global News - Initiative aims to determine what it will
with emphasis on Alberta solar take to keep young people from leaving Calgary and
34
Source: SWOT Interview https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/young-
35
Ibid. albertans-leaving-the-province-1.6208420
36
Ibid
42
37
38
23
SWOT ANALYSIS —
AG-TECH
STRENGTHS OPPORTUNITIES
The evolving ag-tech sector in Alberta is driven by deep Beyond mere productivity gains, ag-tech verticals introduce a
agribusiness expertise and emerging digital solutions in the region. myriad of opportunities for the agribusiness sector and farmers.
Alberta has established itself as a large net exporter of food Digital agriculture monitoring can help farmers to see beyond a
commodities43 supported by federal and provincial programs myopic view on production and take sustainability considerations
and policies (such as Canadian Agricultural Partnership, Smart into account.51 The agriculture sector is one of the largest
Agriculture and Food Digitalization and Automation Challenge producers of greenhouse gas emission, thus carbon offsets and
and Canadian Agri-Food Automation and Intelligence Network the carbon marketplace could complement the agricultural (and
funding). Its geographic proximity to the largest trade partner, i.e., forestry) technologies, to create strategies towards a low carbon
U.S., has also been critical in establishing its strong export market. economy.52 This study found that, by 2030, the ag-tech sector
could employ 2,400 people and contribute $229 million to
Albertan farmers have been early adopters of productivity Alberta’s GDP.
boosting technologies, such as precision farming, which has been
well-deployed and well-utilized. Increased local and global Canada can form targeted policies similar to the recent
consumer demands, coupled with labour shortages and supply U.S. Agriculture Innovation Agenda initiative, to reduce the
chain disruptions, present huge opportunities to integrate in-farm environmental footprint of its agricultural sector.53 There is
automation to scale up agricultural capabilities. Institutes such as also an opportunity to develop irrigation and surveillance
Olds College, the University of Lethbridge, University of Alberta, technologies within the province that will not only improve its water
and Lethbridge College offer unique agricultural programs, efficiency but also allow it to export technologies to jurisdictions
supporting strong technical capacity-building across the supply experiencing similar climate impacts.54
chain.44
WEAKNESSES THREATS
Adoption of new technology has slowed due to barriers such as Lagging internet connectivity55 in rural areas coupled with
large upfront investment, and return-on-investment uncertainties.45 cybersecurity and data ownership56 concerns may cause
Technologies come with a steep learning curve, and uptake can disruptions in the ag-tech sector. Government investments will be
be hampered by a lack of basic digital literacy,46 general risk required to ensure reliable and fast internet connection to farms.
aversion,47 especially among the older generation of farmers. The The province will require updates on intellectual property laws to
siloed nature of agribusiness further prevents mass knowledge ex- integrate data ownership associated with ag-tech.
change and collaboration across the value chain.48 Without core
digitalization skills and industry-wide collaboration, the adoption The sector also faces a looming threat of a knowledge vacuum,
cycle may die a “quick death”. as it heads into a retirement cliff in the next decades.57 Earlier
integration of agriculture, starting in K-12 schools, can provide a
Reskilling and mentorship programs49 can train farmers in significant opportunity for attracting younger talent.58
digital literacy by connecting them with peers who possess
both agricultural and digital knowledge (e.g., intergenerational The agri-food system also remains vulnerable to COVID-19
mentorship programs). In terms of government policies, a related import restrictions, and exogenous shocks in the U.S.
more holistic and forward-looking perspective is lacking for agricultural market.59 The current adoption of digital technologies
jurisdictional land development and the future of food security.50 are driven by the needs of large-scale corporate farms, which can
Such policy consideration is critical to enable the emergent sector be detrimental to the participation of small-scale and medium-
to jump-start and compete with the major global producers with sized farms in the long run.60 These factors may inhibit the growth
similar or more advanced ag-tech verticals. and success of the Albertan ag-tech industry to compete in the
global market.
43
Source: CED Agribusiness Market Study 52
44
Ibid. 53
Source: Five key issues facing Canada’s agri-food industry
45
Source: A lberta Farmer Express - Pandemic speeding up adoption of 54
technology 55
Source: Agriculture 4.0: The Canadian Ag-tech Ecosystem
46
Source: R ural broadband policy recommendations for improving broadband 56
Source: CED Agribusiness Market Study
access & adoption in rural Alberta 57
Source: C ountryGuide - Alberta farm builds labour diversity into its core
47
Source: The Ag-tech Adoption Dilemma: Irrigation 58
Source: RBC Though Leadership – Farmer 4.0
48
Source: CED Agribusiness Market Study 59
Source: Canadian agri-food export opportunities in a COVID-19 world
49
Source: RBC Though Leadership – Farmer 4.0 60
Source: Disruptive Technologies in the Agri-Food Sector
50
51
Source: Food Agility - What are the social drivers and barriers to ag-tech 24
adoption in Australia?
SWOT ANALYSIS —
CCUS
STRENGTHS
Alberta is poised to establish itself as a leader in the growing

CCUS movement in Canada, backed up by robust federal and
provincial initiatives and regulatory frameworks (such as Carbon
Capture and Storage Statutes Amendment Act and Carbon
Sequestration Tenure Regulation)61, as well as strong political
support. The Alberta–Canada CCUS Steering Committee62 and
the 80 million (CAD) Industrial Energy Efficiency and Carbon
Capture, Utilization and Storage Grant Program63 are strong
examples of federal and provincial initiatives to advance CCUS
efforts in the province. Alberta is also at the forefront of the global
CCUS discourse, with its involvement with China as a co-lead in
the ISO committee for CCS standard development.64
Alberta’s CCUS market is well-poised to support viable and

profitable projects. On the supply side the province boasts unique
geology,65 world class large-scale CCUS infrastructure assets
(such as the Alberta Carbon Trunk Line (ACTL)66 as well as a long
and proven track record in all technical aspects of CCUS.67 On the
demand side, Alberta has a high concentration of facilities around
the Industrial Heartland and Fort McMurray that would provide a WEAKNESSES
strong local market for CCUS technologies.68 There is an emerging
ecosystem of companies developing CO2-derived products within As the CCUS sector in Alberta continues to grow and evolve,
Alberta.69 it could be met with barriers that come with a weak regulatory
framework. A lack of harmonized industrial codes and
The development of the CCUS industry in Alberta has been commodities standards for carbon-based products and capture
driven by top research institutions, industry partnerships, and technology will be a major impediment for mass deployment and
technology accelerators, such as the CMC Research Institute, adoption in the sector.71 Thus, regulatory frameworks would need
Alberta Innovates, Emissions Reductions Alberta (ERA), the to be more robust and offer increased transparency to meet the
Alberta Carbon Conversion Technology Centre (ACCTC), and the needs of this potentially high-growth industry.
Canadian Oil Sands Innovation Alliance (COSIA). Unlike most
parts of the world, the public support for land based CCUS has The industry is currently moving towards a hub-based
been largely positive.70 infrastructure model, which can be cost-prohibitive, and energy-
intensive, due to the need for large networks and transportation
From an investment attraction perspective, it is worth noting that distances. It also limits employment opportunities around those
a number of recently announced major projects cited CCUS CCUS clusters. A hybrid approach incorporating a distributive
infrastructure as a key determinant in their decision to choose model can provide greater accessibility and emissions reduction
Alberta (e.g., Air Products H2, Dow net zero polyethylene and opportunities.72
others),
There’s also room for more participation from potential customers,
which includes any high-emitting company or industry. This is
driven by the fact that many high-emitters (particularly those
outside of the oil and gas sector) do not have an understanding
of CCUS technologies and the associated benefits of adoption.
This delayed adoption is slowing down the demand side of
the market.73 While companies such as Dow Chemicals are
exemplifying the type of action needed through construction the
world’s first net zero carbon emissions petrochemical plant, more
61
Source: G overnment of Alberta - Carbon capture, utilization and storage
– Overview
69
70
Source: The Carbontech Innovation System in Canada
Source: SWOT Analysis Advisory Committee action and momentum is needed across industry.74
62
Source: Canada and Alberta Launch Steering Committee to Advance CCUS 71
Source: The Carbontech Innovation System in Canada
63
Source: G
overnment of Alberta - Carbon capture, utilization and storage 72
Source: Alberta CCUS Policy: An Interview with Tristan Goodman the
– Overview President Of EPAC
64
Source: Canada Update: Select CCS Regulatory Developments 73
Source: The Delphi Group AIHA Study
65
See: https://financialpost.com/commodities/energy/oil-gas/stag-
66
Ibid. gering-dow-plans-major-petrochemical-expansion-shift-to-net-ze-
67
Source: N
orton Rose Fulbright - Growing use of Carbon Capture, Utilization ro-in-alberta
and Storage (CCUS) in Canada
25
68
OPPORTUNITIES
Alberta’s CCUS sector is heading into many exciting frontiers with

opportunities to catapult it towards success. The voluntary carbon
neutrality movement has prompted a growing interest in CCUS
technologies in the industry. The Oil Sands Pathways to Net Zero
Coalition is such an example of leadership commitments from
major corporate emitters to achieve net zero targets using CCUS.75
Multiple pilot projects are currently in place, exploring new uses

of sequestered carbon and the development of CO2 value-added
products such as carbon nanotubes,76 low carbon cement,77 and
carbon-to-fuels technologies. Large-scale demonstration projects,
such as the major retrofitting project from Pembina Pipeline and TC
Energy, also provides significant opportunity for Alberta to cement
itself as a CCUS leader.78 By 2030 the CCUS sector could employ
over 1,700 people in Alberta and contribute more than $379
million in provincial GDP.
The 2021 federal budget has made commitments towards CCUS

advancement, which can provide significant opportunities for
the sector. These include, but are not limited to, a $319 million
pledge for CCUS RD&D (research, development and deployment)
efforts.79 The government of Alberta’s new competitive process
for sub-surface rights will increase market efficiency in the CCUS
sector.80 Knowledge-sharing and demonstration opportunities
in international export markets can also pave the way for an
Alberta-led Canadian CCUS leadership.81
THREATS
Progress in the CCUS industry may be challenged in the future,

as anti-CCUS ENGO campaigns82 gain support and traction
among the public and companies. Ultimately, such campaigns
may generate low confidence and an unfavorable perception
of CCUS. Educational and marketing efforts may help clarify
misconceptions about CCUS technology amongst the general
public. Some experts suggest that a CCUS tax credit may favor
the status-quo of the oil and gas sector and undermine efforts to
reduce fossil fuel subsidies. There are also concerns around the
tax credit making other clean technologies appear relatively more
expensive, which may lead to market distortion that favors greater
emissions.83
75
Source: Canadian Oilsands Heavyweights Commit to ‘Lead on Climate 80
Source: Government of Alberta Carbon Sequestration Tenure Management
Change’ in Net-Zero Plans Using CCUS 81
Source: C
arbon Capture, Utilization and Storage - Polarization, public
76
Source: Carbon Upcycling Technologies confidence and decision-making
77
Source: ERA - Lehigh cement Edmonton metropolitan region CCUS 82
Source: Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage - Polarization, public
feasibility project confidence and decision-making
78
Source: Pembina and TC Energy Partner to Create World-Scale Carbon Trans- 83
Source: Canadian Institutes for Climate Choices - Policy Implementation Will
portation and Sequestration Solution: The Alberta Carbon Grid Be Tricky on Carbon Capture and Storage
79
Source: Government of Canada - Budget 2021
26
SWOT ANALYSIS —
DIGITALIZATION
STRENGTHS
Alberta’s digitalization space is characterized by its strong

artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) driven
initiatives. The Edmonton Metropolitan Region and Calgary drive
the economic activity of this sector through a unique synergy,
as the former leads the research and innovation, while the latter
supports entrepreneurial capacities.84 Alberta is home to two
of the global leaders in AI and ML research – the University of
Alberta and the Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii).85
Alberta’s research recognition continues to attract foreign student
enrollment in the STEM field,86 which has positively affected the
province’s GDP. Alberta, particularly the Edmonton Region, is
seeing the emergence of a strong local talent pool in AI, ML and
other skillsets needed to drive digital technology development and
implementation.
Federal funding support through the Pan-Canadian Artificial

Intelligence Strategy, and AI Innovation Supercluster investment
has been crucial to establishing Alberta’s AI and ML expertise. WEAKNESSES
The provincial government continues to prioritize this emerging
sector through its earmarked funding for artificial intelligence Alberta’s digitalization space faces several labour force related
research and investment attraction.87 Alberta Innovates’ Strategic barriers. Most of the workforce in the sector possess specialist-
Networking and Development Program88 provides research level knowledge of computer science and engineering. However,
and innovation support in other technology verticals, such as as application of digitalization services spread across diverse
information and communications technologies (ICT). sectors, workers with a diverse set of integrative skills, such as
business operations and social sciences, will be necessary for
The Edmonton Metropolitan Region – Alberta’s AI and ML hub successful implementation.91 In order for digital technologies to be
– has made a reputation for itself as an AI up-and-comer89 and more easily integrated across industries in Alberta, a more diverse
has attracted corporate investment from tech giants like Google, workforce – with both digital knowledge domain and industry
Amazon, IBM, and Microsoft. As early adopters of AI, Alberta has specific expertise – will be needed.
proven end-users like ATB Financial and Minestar Group, which
demonstrate the growing use of digitalization services across Alberta also faces an acute skilled labour shortage with
sectors like financial services, healthcare, energy, agriculture, and a relatively low population, and AI graduates leaving the
advanced manufacturing.90 province92 for better opportunities in other parts of Canada. The
digitalization labour market is highly dependent on a skilled
migrant workforce,93 leaving it vulnerable to shifts in immigration
policies. The University of Alberta’s AI department has been facing
challenges to meet the growing demand for graduate research
programs, particularly for foreign students, as it faces scarcity
of funding and faculty staffing.94 This further limits the number of
skilled migrant labourers that the province could potentially benefit
from.
Businesses are facing challenges in integrating digitalization

solutions in their systems. This comes from a gap in awareness
among the leadership team or board members of the kinds of
AI-driven business applications that are available. Lack of digital
infrastructure also poses a barrier for wide-spread adoption.95
Increased digital governance and capacity-building is required to
Source: SWOT Analysis Advisory Committee Source: It’s Time We Talk: Bridging the Gap Between Business and AI
transform organizations for the digital age.
84 92
85
Source: AI Funding in Canada & Major Research Cities 93
Source: Alberta downsizing foreign worker programs, hoping to attract
86
Source: Pan-Canadian Ai Strategy Impact Assessment Report international biz and tech grads
87
Source: B
oosting Competitiveness of Canadian Businesses: Clearing a Path to
Widescale AI Adoption
94
Ibid.
88
Source: Alberta Innovates - Strategic Networking and Development
95
Source: Boosting Competitiveness of Canadian Businesses: Clearing a Path to
(SND) Grants Widescale AI Adoption
89
Source: Opinion: Artificial intelligence could be Alberta’s oilsands 2.0
27
90
Widescale AI Adoption
91
Source: Opinion: Artificial intelligence could be Alberta’s oilsands 2.0
OPPORTUNITIES THREATS
According to this study’s analysis, by 2030 the digitalization Alberta is developing a one-sided digital narrative as it relates
sector could employ over 2,300 people in Alberta and contribute to AI and other pathways. The focus has been on academic
$540 million in provincial GDP. Digitalization will be a key feature and network capacity to-date and has not focused on
across numerous economic sectors, including financial services, commercialization and deployment, which is a key missing link
healthcare, energy, agriculture, and advanced manufacturing for the sector.100 The lack of collaboration between research
and will be a key driver to economic growth and employment in institutes and industry further limits the full potential of Alberta’s
the coming decades. An estimate suggests that the demand for AI ecosystem.101 The study’s Advisory Committee also indicated
skilled tech workers is expected to grow twice as fast as overall that they feel that Alberta still leans heavily toward hard-tech
employment by 2023.96 Certain roles such as cybersecurity development and capital project expenditures and that funding for
analysts, backend developers, UX/UI designers, which have software innovation remains relatively low in comparison.102 Thus,
cross-sectoral application will see more demand than others.97 holistic policy and funding mechanism, along with industry-wide
Alberta’s leading industries, including energy, agriculture, and collaborative partnerships, will be fundamental to advancing the
forestry, can be strong early adopters for locally developed digital digitalization sector.
technology.
The current policies (both at federal and provincial levels)
Multiple collaborative and cohesive efforts are underway in the are not well defined to include consideration for digital data
digitalization sector that could help bridge the fragmentation management, cyber security, and data ownership.103 As a result,
across the supply chain and provide capacity-building support a lack of clear policy and institutionalized frameworks related to
for commercialization. There is potential to position the “Alberta cyber risk and privacy continue to hinder mass diffusion of many
Innovation Corridor” as a global digital innovation capacity emerging digital technology pathways, such as machine learning,
leader and a support hub for SMEs developing digital tech.98 among businesses (e.g., Cancellation of Google’s Sidewalk Labs
A recent partnership between Attabotics, AltaMl, and Alberta Community in Ontario).
Machine Intelligence Institute, is a unique example of an industry
and research collaboration that could lead to more integrated As AI and other technology verticals gain prominence,
sector-wide efforts in the future.99 occupations such as auditors, financial analysts, and healthcare
information management practitioners may face increasing risk of
being displaced. Hence, a coordinated upskilling and reskilling
strategy is required for these occupations to prepare and perform
value-added work.104
In the global AI and ML landscape, Canada faces a comparative

disadvantage against leading jurisdictions such as the U.S. and
China. The efficiency of ML models depends on large database
access to train on and improve. The U.S. and China have access to
massive data sets to train their models, which gives them a leading
edge against all global competitors.105
96
Source: A Digital Future for Alberta 101
97
Ibid. 102
98
Source: Alberta Innovation Corridor 103
99
Source: A
ttabotics Partners With AltaML and Amii to Bolster Artificial Intelli- Widescale AI Adoption
gence and Machine Learning Capabilities for Supply Chains 104
Source: On the Edge of Tomorrow – Canada’s AI Augmented Workforce
100
Source: The race to the top among the world’s leaders in artificial intelligence
28
SWOT ANALYSIS —
ELECTRIFICATION
Alberta’s electrification sector, characterized by its deregulated Alberta’s electrification efforts are currently focused on grid
electricity market, has enabled public investors to participate modernization and electric vehicles. However, there is a significant
and deploy their technologies. The competition in the market opportunity for Alberta to electrify and reduce emissions from
has allowed electricity prices to remain steady across the heavy industry processes. Development of game-changing
economy.106 The EV market and associated infrastructure has been electrification technologies such as radio frequency heating for
growing, supported by strong federal level funding107 and vibrant bitumen extraction can support the province in achieving this goal.
community engagement.108 By 2030 the electrification sector could employ 3,000 people in
Alberta and contribute more than $526 Million in provincial GDP.
Municipal governments strategies (such as the active
transportation strategies for both the Edmon-ton Metropolitan Excellent renewable energy resources, specifically wind and solar,
Region and Calgary)109 and regional collaborations (such as the can support decarbonization as deployment increases over the
Peak-to Prairies Network)110 are leading EV expansion efforts next decade. Alberta’s energy transition can provide a pathway to
across the province. There has been significant progress across integrate energy equity and energy resilience strategies, ensuring
other electrification verticals. For instance, the University of Alberta a just distribution of energy across communities.
and NAIT are leading research and demonstration in smart
grid.111 Despite being a medium-sized jurisdiction, municipalities in THREATS
Alberta are punching above their weight in regard to the number
of current and planned energy storage projects.112 The absence of a provincial roadmap for grid decarbonization
creates some uncertainty on how low-carbon technology may be
deployed in the electricity sector. Thus, a strategy incorporating
WEAKNESSES
electrification into a comprehensive climate, transportation, and
Alberta’s electricity grid is carbon intensive, limiting its potential to infrastructure plan could support achieving net zero targets in the
achieve net zero targets.113 Thus, the share of renewable energy in sector.
Alberta’s grid must improve significantly. The province is lagging in
The EV market may face numerous uncertainties in the future. As
terms of residential, commercial, and industrial policies requiring a
usage of EVs goes up, uncontrolled and simultaneous charging
shift to electrified equipment compared to other jurisdictions, such
could significantly increase congestion in power systems and peak
as Ontario, which requires new furnaces in residential homes to
load.119 The province may need to look for alternative funding
be non-emitting by 2031.114 There is a fragmentation of policy and
for EV infrastructure, since the infrastructure funding received
funding initiatives among the municipalities and the province for
from provincial and federal fuel taxes will decline because of
progressing the electric vehicle market. Considerable policy and
decarbonization goals.120
funding efforts exists at the municipal level, while the province has
no clear directive – creating uncertainty among investors. Changes to fuel consumption regulations in the United States
may slow down the development of fully electric pickup trucks
The EV market faces numerous challenges as it grows and evolves.
and SUVs121 (potentially tempered by the recently elected Biden
Alberta does not have any provincial government incentives or
government). This could significantly affect EV adoption in Alberta,
quotas to encourage the move to EVs or plug-in hybrids (PHEVs)
as light-duty vehicles – particularly SUVs – are the most widely
compared to other provinces such as Quebec, which offers up to
used vehicle type in the province.122
$8,000 in rebates.115 Equipment and installation costs of charging
stations, especially the retrofitting cost for home charging, pose
significant barriers in the market.116 Lack of accurate information on
EV ownership, due to voluntary purchase disclosure, limits policy
and infrastructure decisions.117 The mass adoption of EV is also
hindered by unfavorable public perception of EV ownership.118
106
Source: Want to buy an EV? Slow down there, we’re in Alberta
107
Source: Government of Canada- Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure Program 116
Source: Electric Vehicle Home and Workplace Charging Study
108
Source: Electric Vehicle Association of Alberta - Community Engagement 117
Source: Want to buy an EV? Slow down there, we’re in Alberta
109
Source: Electric Vehicle Home and Workplace Charging Study 118
Ibid.
110
Source: Peak to Prairies 119
Source: Utilities tackling supply challenges, smart charging opportunities in EV-led disruption
111
Source: Future of Transportation in Calgary Study
112
Ibid.
113
Source: (1) Wheels of change: Pickup trucks no longer Alberta’s favourite vehicle | Globalnews.ca
114
Source: Goodbye, gas furnaces? Why electrification is the future of home heating
29
SWOT ANALYSIS —
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
Alberta’s strength in the energy efficiency sector is driven by its The growth of the cleantech sector shows potential to advance
well-established cogeneration and HVAC industry. With some energy efficiency performance, as energy efficiency technologies
of the largest facilities123 in Canada, and a well-established can be implemented across various sectors and industrial users.
infrastructure,124 the cogeneration sector boasts over 20 years of There are significant opportunities to expand industrial process
proven track record of supporting Alberta’s electricity system.125 energy efficiency and low carbon heat recovery efforts in the
The surplus of energy has helped the electricity grid to continue province.134 Alberta has developed expertise in large-scale waste
to be reliable and low cost.126 Cogeneration has a 50 per cent heat recovery, which may offer considerable export opportunities
capital allowance rate in Canada, which allows it to operate at a to regions looking to develop similar projects. By 2030 the energy
lower cost compared to other waste heat recovery technologies.127 efficiency sector could employ over 9,500 people in Alberta and
Alberta also has the most competitive HVAC market among the contribute $1.4 billion in provincial GDP.
provinces.128
Municipal-led initiatives show potential to improve energy
Alberta is one of the four provinces to adopt Property Assessed efficiency technology uptake, particularly at the residential or
Clean Energy style program to facilitate financing of energy MURB (multi-unit residential buildings) level. The Edmonton
efficient improvements in buildings through property tax. This Metropolitan Region’s Building Energy Retrofit Accelerator will
legislation enables municipalities to access federal support to support efficiency upgrades to commercial and institutional
develop their efficiency plans under the Federation of Canadian buildings,135 while the Clean Energy Improvement Program
Municipalities’ Community Efficiency Financing (CEF) initiative. could be extended at commercial and industrial scale.136 On
September 7, 2021, the City of Calgary passed ‘The Clean
Energy Improvement Tax Bylaw’. The bylaw will establish the
WEAKNESSES
Clean Energy Improvement Program (CEIP) in Calgary and
Alberta lags other jurisdictions in terms of energy efficiency authorize the City to borrow up to $15 million for financing clean
policies and initiatives and has been performing worse in recent energy improvements on eligible properties.137 There remains a
years – in the Canadian Energy Efficiency Policy Scorecard for strong opportunity for both Calgary and municipalities within the
2020, the province fell to eighth position, a significant drop from Edmonton region to build on actions such as the bylaw to take a
its position as sixth last year.129 Currently, there are no formal leadership role in the development and deployment of energy
energy saving targets or any commitment to move towards net efficiency technologies. Stakeholders also indicated that there is
zero energy buildings in Alberta. Compared to the rest of Canada, an opportunity to improve the perception around energy efficiency
the province has the lowest petajoules of electricity saved from programming by prioritizing rebates and incentives for low-income
energy efficiency initiatives as a proportion of overall domestic families and individuals who need extra support upgrading their
sales of electricity.130 Alberta is also far behind in building homes.138
code requirements which impedes uptake of energy efficient
technologies and building techniques.131 THREATS
Cogeneration, the largest economic activity in Alberta’s energy Energy efficiency initiatives in Alberta have a long history of
efficiency sector, emits GHGs and incurs a carbon tax for non- fluctuations with change in government, as political interests
industrial applications under current policies. Cogeneration in energy efficiency have shifted.139 A low degree of support
production is largely oil-sands based, with lack of standardization for efficiency through frequent defunding or decisions to scrap
across the industry.132 Thus, over reliance on cogeneration will programs has led to persisting uncertainty around energy
make it difficult to achieve a net zero pathway. efficiency. The recent cancellation of the provincial carbon levy
and the ensuing closure of Energy Efficiency Alberta,140 has sent
Trades are highly regulated by Alberta government, and schools mixed signals to technology developers and investors in this space.
like NAIT and SAIT cannot modify trade curriculum at this time to
include more clean energy related topics. This limits the knowledge Beyond inconsistent policy and government support for energy
on different energy efficiency verticals and pathways among the efficiency, the largest threats to in-creased activity in this sector are
workforces.133 the lack of standards and regulations to spur activity.
123
Source: Market Snapshot: Alberta cogeneration capacity has grown significantly in the last 15 132
Source: A Review of Cogeneration in Alberta
years, led by oil sands projects 133
124
Ibid. 134
Ibid
125
Source: Suncor building $1.4B cogeneration units in Alberta oilsands 135
Source: City of Edmonton metropolitan region - Building Energy Retrofit Accelerator
126
Ibid. 136
127
Source: Income Tax Folio S3-F8-C2, Tax Incentives for Clean Energy Equipment 137
See: Clean Energy Improvement Program Bylaw (escribemeetings.com)
128
Source: 2020 Canadian Plumbing & HVAC Industry Competitive Analysis by Province 138
129
Source: Canadian Energy Efficiency Policy Scorecard – Alberta 139
Source: Unpacking the Climate Potential of Energy Efficiency
130
Source: 2020 Provincial Energy Efficiency Scorecard - Efficiency Canada 140
Source: 2020 Provincial Energy Efficiency Scorecard - Efficiency Canada
131
30
SWOT ANALYSIS — Alberta’s hydrogen economy is progressing in its pathway to
commercialization, with demonstration projects like a hydrogen
HYDROGEN blending project in Fort Saskatchewan,153 and development

of two large scale industrial hydrogen projects (including Air
Products)154 underway. The Southeast Alberta Hydrogen Task155
STRENGTHS force was recently formed to establish Canada’s second industrial
hydrogen hub. As demand for hydrogen grows exponentially
Alberta has positioned itself as a leader in Canada’s hydrogen worldwide,156 Alberta will have the opportunity to leverage its
economy, as it is the largest producer and consumer of hydrogen growing infrastructure and strong technical capabilities in the
in Canada due to its strong petrochemical cluster. Looking global hydrogen market. The province could tap into the growing
forward, the established CCUS ecosystem will be crucial to overseas market in Japan, and South Korea, which have limited
the production of blue hydrogen in order to reduce the carbon domestic production potential.157 By 2030 the hydrogen sector
intensity of the industries with high energy requirements, as well could employ more than 1,000 people in Alberta and contribute
as supply new hydrogen markets. Thus, many of the strengths of $403 million in provincial GDP.
the provinces’ hydrogen economy are dependent on the CCUS
and energy sectors; these include unique geology for CCUS,141 In addition to hydrogen production, there is significant potential
well-established hydrogen transportation infrastructure,142 and in transportation technologies and material development.
expertise in the manufacture and use of auxiliary equipment.143 The $9.2-million Alberta Zero Emissions Truck Electrification
Supported by robust federal144 and provincial145 level strategies. Collaboration (AZETEC) project will be an important proof point
Recently, Alberta’s Industrial Heartland Hydrogen Task Force for hydrogen deployment in the trucking sector.158 Hydrogen-
led the charge to establish Canada’s first hydrogen hub146 in the derived products, such as methanol and/or ammonia, could
Edmonton Metropolitan Region, which is helping to accelerate provide further opportunities to increase the value of existing
and grow supply and demand of hydrogen in Alberta. hydrogen infrastructure and resources.159 Already there have been
strong signals from multinational enterprises (MNEs) like Petronas,
Itochu, Mitsubishi, Shell and others that they are exploring
WEAKNESSES investing in the emerging hydrogen economy in Alberta.
Despite its strong potential, the hydrogen market in Alberta
THREATS
faces market related barriers that limit its progress in the energy
transition. Currently there is limited use of green hydrogen, given As Alberta’s hydrogen sector matures, there may be significant
the geographical separation of renewable assets from many supply-side barriers associated with regulatory frameworks. This
hydrogen assets.147 The feasibility of hydrogen as a technology may include lengthy regulatory review and approval processes for
pathway is constrained by its higher cost compared to natural gas infrastructure construction or lack of interjurisdictional cooperation
and other generation sources.148 The manufacture of hydrogen- to establish certification protocols.160 Technical hurdles around
based goods is limited in the region, as there are no existing retrofitting existing pipelines and finding chemical carriers may
facilities for vehicle and consumer goods (e.g., household also limit supply of hydrogen.161
hydrogen furnaces) production.149 The demand for hydrogen
is also yet to expand beyond the industrial sector.150 Thus, a The demand of blue hydrogen may be dampened with future
comprehensive and cohesive policy on the overall hydrogen cost reductions in green hydrogen production.162 The blending
economy and associated goals will be necessary, at both the of hydrogen without subsidies may lead to a higher cost of living
provincial and federal level, to advance the sector.151 over the short-to-medium term for residential consumers, which
may also significantly affect the demand.163 The prevailing ENGO
OPPORTUNITIES narrative on blue-hydrogen as a “trojan horse of the oil and gas
economy” may negatively skew public perception.164
The use of hydrogen can help achieve net zero targets by
replacing carbon-based fuels in high emitting sectors. The In the global hydrogen landscape, other markets have begun to
Edmonton Metropolitan Region’s transportation corridor and move in this space as Australia and Saudi Arabia have already
heavy industry hub could present an opportunity for local market sold hydrogen to buyers in Japan.165 To remain competitive,
uptake. As carbon intensity of blue hydrogen is tied to upstream Alberta must develop a comprehensive hydrogen export strategy.
emissions of natural gas production, the hydrogen economy
provides a pathway for decarbonizing natural gas when
combined with CCS.152
141
Source: B
uilding A Transition Pathway to A Vibrant Hydrogen Economy in The Alberta Industrial 155
Source: Task Force established to Advance Hydrogen Economy in Southeast Alberta
Heartland 156
Source: Hydrogen scaling up
142
Source: Government of Alberta - Natural Gas Vision and Strategy 157
Source: Building A Transition Pathway to A Vibrant Hydrogen Economy In The Alberta Industrial
143
Source: The Delphi Group AIHA Study. Heartland
144
Source: Hydrogen Strategy for Canada 158
Source: Emission Reduction Alberta - Alberta Zero-Emissions Truck Electrification Collaboration
145
Source: Government of Alberta - Natural Gas Vision and Strategy 159
Source: The Delphi Group – AIHA Study
146
See: https://erh2.ca/ 160
Source: Alberta’s hydrogen strategy – economic boon or blimp?
147
Source: The Delphi Group AIHA Study 161
Source: The Delphi Group AIHA Study
148
Source: Building an Albertan Hydrogen Economy 162
Source: Green Hydrogen, The Fuel Of The Future, Set For 50-Fold Expansion
149
Source: The Delphi Group AIHA Study 163
Source: The Bold and The Blue-tiful: Canadian Oil and Gas’ Role in the Hydrogen Economy
150
151
Ibid. 165
Source: A $100B opportunity: Alberta could emerge as Canada’s first hydrogen energy hub,
152
Source: SWOT Analysis Advisory Committee report says
153
154
Source: Suncor and ATCO partner on a potential world-scale clean hydrogen project in Alberta
Source: Air Products Announces Multi-Billion Dollar Net-Zero Hydrogen Energy Complex in 31
Edmonton metropolitan re-gion , Alberta, Canada
FUTURE MARKET GROWTH
& TRENDS
2.1 S
ub-sector Macro Trends and Alberta Innovation
Ecosystem Benchmarking
Achieving a comprehensive energy transition that not only reduces Within the low-carbon hydrogen market, Alberta is positioned
emissions but facilitates and accelerates economic growth requires as a potentially competitive ecosystem, with the continued
pursuing areas of opportunity for Albertan companies to launch deployment of large-scale projects and emergence of early-
and export technologies that underpin an energy transition. A stage innovators.
critical challenge for governments seeking to lead in technology
innovation is resisting the temptation to attempt picking local Becoming a technology contender in hydrogen production
winners, and instead develop a comprehensive innovation will require Alberta to go beyond attracting and promoting
ecosystem that fosters innovation and perpetual advantage in large projects; it will require investment in an ecosystem that
technology development. Building innovation clusters (research, launches successful innovation
demonstration, supply chain, manufacturing, commercial
deployment) around constituent technologies associated with However, producing hydrogen from non-renewable sources
energy transition will yield positive decarbonization benefits for presents challenges in the ability of current infrastructure to prevent
Alberta, but also contribute to offsetting economic trade-offs methane leakage from natural gas assets. It also requires use
associated with the energy transition, i.e., carving out places for of highly efficient carbon capture technologies to ensure that a
new local industries as the province’s energy supply shifts away threshold of 2.256 tCO2eq/tH2 (the threshold put forward by in
from oil and gas. the 2021 Renewable Hydrogen Coalition letter to EU Commission)
can be met. As a result, there is potential for enthusiasm around
To assess Alberta’s ability to participate in and lead technology
low-carbon hydrogen production technology to reach a plateau
development within the subsectors for energy transitions, the
globally, despite the growing need for hydrogen as a chemical.
project team took a demand-first approach to understand which
energy transition technologies are the focus of demand-pull. Within the low-carbon hydrogen market, Alberta is positioned as a
These demand-pull technologies were then compared against potentially competitive ecosystem, with the continued deployment
the ability of Alberta’s innovation ecosystem to launch and export of large-scale projects (such as the aforementioned $1.3 billion Air
technologies, versus global competitive ecosystems. Products facility and a forthcoming 11,000 tpa Suncor and ATCO
production facility) and emergence of early-stage innovators.
KEY FINDINGS: HYDROGEN
Proton Technologies is an example of an early-stage innovator
PRODUCTION & UTILIZATION
demonstrating the ability to bridge the R&D-to-commercial
This analysis reviewed global potential for uptake of hydrogen gap, already licensing technology to Whitecap Resources for
production technology, with a focus on the areas of existing production of hydrogen at 500 tons per day.
capabilities in Alberta, such as blue hydrogen (hydrogen from
Becoming a technology contender in hydrogen production will
natural gas, but still below a specific CO2 emissions threshold).
require Alberta to go beyond attracting and promoting large
Hydrogen will be a critical means for reducing emissions across projects; it will require investment in an ecosystem that launches
many industries’ emissions profiles, especially as part of a net zero successful innovation. Albertan hydrogen innovators received
strategy. The market for hydrogen, globally, is significant, currently less than $2 million in venture investments 2011 to 2021, versus
estimated at just below $200 billion and expected to grow to nearly $1.75 billion and $325 million in California Bay Area and
$420 billion by 2030 and reach $2.5 trillion by 2050.166 Investors Northern England innovators, respectively. A focus on applied
and corporations globally have demonstrated an eagerness to research and comprehensive technology transfer to industry will
participate in financing of low-carbon hydrogen (grey and blue not only launch innovators into a fertile demonstration market, but
hydrogen) production technologies, with venture capital firms likely be an attractive selling point to multinationals considering
having invested over $400 million into low-carbon hydrogen subsidiary locations.
production technologies since 2016.
Source: EY Hydrogen Future POV_2021-10-22.pdf(Review)- Adobe Document Cloud

166
32
KEY FINDINGS: AG-TECH & AGRICULTURE
The market for agriculture is highly fragmented, with a wide from the Bay Area Y Combinator Accelerator. Moreover,
array of technologies and chemicals used on farms, in livestock momentum is building to position Alberta as a subsidiary
operations, in agricultural product manufacturing, and monitoring destination for global incumbents – in 2021 U.K. alternative
of each production phase. In this analysis, agricultural technology protein company Meatless Farm announced a large-scale
directly relevant to an energy transition was the focus and was production facility to be opened in Alberta.
segmented into three buckets: agricultural efficiency (including
robotics, monitoring and automation, and electrification of Capitalizing on this momentum, and Alberta’s natural advantages,
equipment), crop biosciences (including engineered crops and necessitates intentional efforts to transfer technology into the
sustainable crop treatments), and alternative proteins (proteins commercial market and attract more financing to local innovators
from non-animal sources: from crops or lab-engineered materials). – the biggest disadvantage that Alberta faces in alternative
proteins is that competing supplier ecosystems are launching
The global markets for agricultural efficiency technology are tomorrow’s global incumbents (e.g., $2.4 billion of venture
still highly fragmented by application area but are beginning to investment into California Bay Area companies that birthed
move toward consolidation – many hardware technologies focus Impossible Foods and Beyond). A critical component of the Bay
on one function but are being unified and coordinated through Area ecosystem is highly focused R&D efforts at local universities
improvements in connectivity and software. The crop biosciences to launch dedicated alternative protein research labs that
market presents the challenge of requiring large-scale operations collaborate with multinational corporations (e.g., the California
to take early-stage ventures into global markets, requiring Berkeley Alternative Meats X-Lab). This is the type of effort that
significantly more capital than more scalable software or even Alberta likely can replicate at the earliest stages of innovation to
electronics technologies. ensure that R&D is demand-oriented and attracts investor attention
early on.
Both markets remain relatively small; agricultural efficiency slated
to grow to $10.8 billion by 2023, and crop biosciences to just Another key area of growth for Alberta is in agricultural carbon
under $2 billion by 2025. Alberta boasts a rich agricultural abatement. Alberta has transacted over 16 mega-tonnes (Mt) of
ecosystem as well as an advantage of proximity to export markets, on-farm offset credits. As a result, aggregators and producers
including the United States and Asia. Despite the strong potential have developed considerable expertise in this area. Telus Ventures
for export of agricultural end-products, Alberta lags behind recently invested in Radicle Group,167 a carbon abatement
competitive regions with regards to ability to launch and sustain project developer based in Alberta which has transacted over
innovation. While the province has some emerging innovators 6 Mt of carbon. In parallel to the growth of CCUS technology
such as Trustbix, G2V or Future Fields have all recently raised demand, the call for nature-based carbon abatement solutions
multi-million-dollar investments. Verge (agricultural software) and decarbonization options in the agriculture value chain, which
and Decisive Farming (crop biosciences), there is significantly accounts for roughly 17 per cent of global emissions, will grow.
less financing volume to innovators than peer ecosystems. Further
leveraging of a strong constellation of university and government- Alberta boasts a rich agricultural ecosystem as well as an
funded research into areas such as crop biotechnology (University advantage of proximity to export markets, coupled with a
of Alberta and University of Lethbridge) and more intentional strong constellation of university and government-funded
efforts to fund pilot testing of emerging technologies can improve research into areas such as crop biotechnology.
the ability of Albertan technologies to move into export markets.
A key area of growth for Alberta is in agricultural carbon
Perhaps the most noteworthy development in agricultural abatement. Alberta has transacted over 16 mega-tonnes
technology in recent years has been the advent of alternative (Mt) of on-farm offset credits. As a result, aggregators and
proteins, which are expected to comprise 10 per cent of global producers have developed considerable expertise in this area.
protein market share by 2029 for a $140 billion market size.
Alberta has unique resources allowing it to potentially participate Capitalizing on this momentum, and Alberta’s natural
in this market, namely, an abundance of land, access to water, advantages, necessitates intentional efforts to transfer
availability of key feed-stocks (peas and beans), and established technology into the commercial market and attract more
research programs in food science and bioscience in local financing to local innovators.
universities.
More importantly, Alberta has home-grown success stories –

Nabati Foods is a globally-distributed brand of plant-based foods
with established channels through Walmart, Costco and Amazon,
along with 600 points of sale in North America. Alternative
protein growth medium play, Future Fields, recently graduated
Source: R
167
adicle Announces Investment by TELUS Ventures to Accelerate Growth | Radicle (radiclebalance.com)
33
KEY FINDINGS: ENERGY EFFICIENCY The abundance of industrial operations in Alberta creates a
potentially vibrant opportunity zone for corporate incumbents to
During the shift to alternative energy sources and fuels, achieving test energy efficiency and waste heat recovery technologies. It
net zero requires that operators of facilities, and especially also presents an opportunity for innovators of these technologies
industrial operations, optimize energy and heat usage at every to secure critical pilot testing and demonstration platforms. Alberta
operational turn. The global market for waste heat recovery and has some existing advantages in digital technologies for energy
reuse alone is estimated at $50 billion, and the market for energy efficiency, rooted in local innovation and deployment of digital
efficiency in buildings is already over $100 billion. oilfield technologies, which received $44 million in investment
over the past decade. While Albertan technologies in this field
Alberta has some existing advantages in digital technologies have indeed received market traction, e.g., Hifi with GE, Shell,
for energy efficiency, rooted in local innovation and and Suncor, Alberta accounts for only one per cent of digital
deployment of digital oilfield technologies, which received oilfield venture investments globally in that same period. Similarly,
$44 million in investment over the past decade while there has been enough venture financing to keep the energy
efficiency sector healthy in Alberta (total $182.4 million since
The abundance of industrial operations in Alberta creates
2011), the ecosystem is significantly outpaced by other innovation
a potentially vibrant opportunity zone for corporate
hubs such as the Bay Area ($7.3 billion) and Munich ($1.42
incumbents to test energy efficiency and waste heat recovery
billion).
technologies. It also presents an opportunity for innovators
of these technologies to secure critical pilot testing and
Collectively, Alberta’s waste heat recovery innovators have
demonstration platforms.
raised just over $81 million since 2011, more than innovators
in competing ecosystems such as Sweden ($59 million in the
The dropping price of sensors and improved accessibility of
same period) and the United Kingdom ($68.8 million).
artificial intelligence technology has instigated an acceleration of
capabilities to not only monitor but automate control of buildings Waste heat recovery, especially, presents a unique
and on-site energy assets. Smart equipment, energy-savings-as- opportunity for Alberta to position itself as the premier global
a-service, and next-generation building information modeling innovation ecosystem, and continue momentum in launching
technology companies are recording record numbers of investment differentiated waste heat recovery innovation, with University
– at time of writing, more financing went toward energy efficiency of Calgary graduates founding established waste heat
innovators in the first three quarters of 2021 than in all of 2019 recovery companies such as Genalta Power and Kanin Energy.
and 2020. Waste heat recovery, too, is on an upward trajectory
of industrial uptake, as technologies mature and corporations Waste heat recovery, especially, presents a unique opportunity
come under more pressure to reduce emissions and record more for Alberta to position itself as the premier global innovation
efficiency in operations – waste heat technologies such as electro ecosystem. Large corporate projects such as Siemens’ and TC
turbo compounding can reduce CO2 emissions of existing systems Energy’s forthcoming waste-heat-to-power facility (announced in
by 15 per cent or generate 10 per cent more power. 2021) to power 10,000 homes, alongside NuVista’s four waste
heat recovery units across Grande Prairie are all tangible pipelines
creating demand of local innovators. Alberta has momentum in
launching differentiated waste heat recovery innovation, with
University of Calgary graduates founding established waste heat
recovery companies such as Genalta Power and Kanin Energy.
Collectively, Alberta’s waste heat recovery innovators have

raised just over $81 million since 2011, more than innovators in
competing ecosystems such as Sweden ($59 million in the same
period) and the United Kingdom ($68.8 million). While these
are assets in achieving local net zero goals, the vulnerability for
global technology competitiveness is a regional emphasis on
project development versus differentiated technology development
(e.g., Kanin Energy, differentiated by know-how, as opposed
to Genalta who holds patents). Capturing and maintaining a
leadership position in waste heat recovery will require Alberta’s
R&D, investment, and corporate players to place a priority on
developing and piloting unique technologies to reduce economic
trade-offs associated with energy transition.
34
KEY FINDINGS: CARBON CAPTURE,
USE, STORAGE (CCUS)E
CCUS technologies, capturing CO2 from fuel combustion or Alberta’s greatest advantages in developing a competitive
industrial processes and using it as a feedstock or sequestering it CCUS innovation ecosystem comes from access to large-scale
long-term, are critical both to reducing industrial emissions and industrial processes, which offer collaborative opportunities
creating bridge processes that reduce fossil fuel emissions during for innovators to pilot technologies and for incumbents to
the eventual shift to renewables. The International Energy Agency invest further in subsidiary operations to access knowledge.
(IEA) names CCUS as one of the four “key pillars” of global
energy transitions and the market is estimated to reach $3.5 billion Where Alberta loses ground versus competitive ecosystems
by 2025. is the launch of innovative companies out of local universities
compared to innovators in California and U,K. innovators
Alberta’s greatest advantages in developing a competitive where they benefit greatly from significant fundraising rounds
CCUS innovation ecosystem comes from access to large-scale sup-ported by industrial incumbents.
industrial processes, which offer collaborative opportunities
for innovators to pilot technologies and for incumbents to invest Given Alberta’s strength in large projects, which will
further in subsidiary operations to access knowledge. Global accelerate need for CCUS through continued hydrogen
incumbents such as Lafarge Holcim are engaging the ecosystem growth, and active corporate collaboration with innovators,
through col-laboration with Carbon Upcycling and acceleration it is likely that similar financing could emerge in Alberta to
of Carbonova. The relative abundance of corporate players and support CCUS innovators through the growth continuum.
projects makes Alberta one of the best venues for innovators to
connect to demand.
Where Alberta loses ground versus competitive ecosystems is the

launch of innovative companies out of local universities and the
subsequent financing post-commercialization. As a comparison,
universities in California and the U.K. have been able to launch
spinouts or incubate companies that went on to compete in
commercialization, such as Twelve at Cyclotron Road (Cal.
Berkeley) and Econic Technologies, which spun out of Imperial
College London and received early financing from Imperial
Innovations. California and U.K. innovators benefit greatly
from the presence of corporates and large-scale projects in the
ecosystem through significant fundraising rounds supported by
industrial incumbents such as Chevron, BP, and OGCI. California
CCUS innovators saw $723 million in investment 2011 to 2021,
and U.K. innovators $279 million in the same period. Given
Alberta’s strength in large projects, which will accelerate need for
CCUS through continued hydrogen growth, and active corporate
collaboration with innovators, it is likely that similar financing could
emerge in Alberta to support CCUS innovators through the growth
continuum.
35
KEY FINDINGS: GEOTHERMAL
Though scale is constrained by geography, geothermal energy

is being increasingly considered by corporations and local
governments as a viable means in achieving local net zero goals.
Alberta has a unique potential to tap into the geothermal market
due to its natural heat reserves and the existing oil and gas
knowledge base, which creates a critical pool of talent for drilling
and equipment handling in geothermal operations. Despite a
relatively small market for geothermal (estimated to be just over $5
billion by 2026), novel and cost-effective techniques for accessing
power-enabling heat zones will have export markets especially in
emerging economies.
Alberta has a unique potential to tap into the geothermal

market due to its natural heat reserves and the existing oil and KEY FINDINGS: GRID DIGITALIZATION
gas knowledge base; with access to a critical knowledge base
in subsurface monitoring and drilling, two highly specialized Shifting to a more efficient, cleaner grid, involves the use of
disciplines that carry over directly to geothermal. comprehensive grid monitoring, command and control, and
cyber security tools for optimized operations and resilience.
This expertise, coupled with the presence of oil and gas The decreasing cost of computing power, sensors, and a rapid
incumbents with geothermal experience such as Enbridge, pace of innovation in communications technology has made
provides a critical connection-to-demand advantage. grid digitalization more accessible than ever, despite the highly
regulated and fragmented markets globally. Although there is
Alberta has traditionally not focused on geothermal energy due an existing provincial knowledge base in pipeline and oilfield
to the abundance of other energy sources. However, the province digitalization, Alberta’s innovation ecosystem has not seen a
has at its disposal a critical knowledge base in subsurface multitude of innovation in the wider grid digitalization spaces. This
monitoring and drilling, two highly specialized disciplines that creates a future challenge as more economies globally shift away
carry over directly to geothermal. Additionally, geothermal from fossil fuel-based energy systems.
energy in recent years has been accelerated by the transfer of
technologies from fracking, which has reduced cost – Alberta Opening up more opportunities for testing and procurement
has talent pools that will be immediately familiar with these of grid digitalization can potentially be a means of leveraging
technologies. the emerging research environment in Alberta to keep R&D
demand-focused and develop experience for innovators at
Indeed, Alberta has already seen success in launching proficient
home that will be transferable abroad.
innovators. Calgary-headquartered Eavor Technologies has
developed a proprietary closed-loop geothermal power
Calgary-based home energy storage company Eguana has
generation system with live demonstration projects with Shell in
succeeded in offering consumer-facing home batteries that
Alberta, as well as a planned project with Enex in Germany set to
potentially allow users to participate in virtual power plants. More
kick off in 2022. Eavor has secured over $63 million from investors
potential innovation can emerge out of research initiatives such as
including Ever-source Capital, Chevron, BP Ventures, and BDC.
the Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute, the University of Alberta
Edmonton-based Terrapin is another example of an innovative
Energy Digitalization Lab, and University of Calgary System and
geothermal technology.
Controls Group.
The presence of oil and gas incumbents with geothermal
An area of grid digitalization where Alberta may have a head
experience, such as Enbridge, provides a critical connection-to-
start is that of digital twinning –Edmonton-based innovators
demand advantage. Geothermal innovation clusters have emerged
RUNWITHIT Synthetics has collaborated with AT&T, while
in Iceland (with HS Orka leading) and Sweden (Baseload Capital,
Calgary-based Veerum counts GE and Cenovus among its
Climeon), but there is no de facto global innovation hub, leaving a
customers. In February 2021, the Alberta Utilities Commission
potential leadership position for Alberta to fill.
released a report naming digitalization as an increasingly relevant
trend. Opening up more opportunities for testing and procurement
of grid digitalization can potentially be a means of leveraging the
emerging research environment in Alberta to keep R&D demand-
focused and develop experience for innovators at home that will
be transferable abroad.
36
KEY FINDINGS: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
Despite a slow start, the market for electric vehicle (EV) charging
infrastructure is set to expand precipitously through this decade
to a market size of $150 billion by 2030. As EVs become more
affordable and uptake by consumer, commercial, and industrial
buyers continue to expand, rolling out a comprehensive charging
infrastructure will become a challenge area for many geographies
globally.
In Alberta, an electric vehicle charging network must be

developed over long distances, a challenge that is already being
addressed in part by programs such as Peaks to Prairies and
the Electric Vehicle Universal Fast Charge corridor. While EV
charging networks are being rolled out incrementally in Alberta,
local innovation does not seem to be keeping pace. Despite
some research activity at the University of Calgary and initiatives
through the Transitions Accelerator, there are few local innovators
with commercialized technology. This will be a challenge to
developing innovation that meets demand-owner needs in coming
years, as investors and corporate incumbents are already looking
to Silicon Valley and multiple regions in China for innovators to
engage and to deploy demonstration projects.
37
KEY FINDINGS: ELECTRIC VEHICLE
CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE
Alberta has local advantages that can already be leveraged for More specific recommendations for Alberta’s innovation
near-term wins in areas such as waste heat recovery, geothermal, ecosystem include:
and CCUS. However, other areas covered in this analysis, namely
• Capitalizing on waste heat recovery technology development
energy efficiency for buildings, grid digitalization, and electric
in high-heat industries is a key opportunity for Alberta.
vehicle charging, all have overlap in large-scale corporate
players and investors. Coordinated efforts to develop an Alberta Developing a value chain of underlying components, multi-
value chain around these technologies, e.g., focus on developing application products, and innovative service models will
and deploying the technologies that solve Alberta’s unique improve exportability. As an example, multiple sites in Alberta
challenges first, is a strategy to arrive at a portfolio of technologies have piloted next- generation waste heat recovery technology
that can eventually be exported to other similar economies. See at pipeline compression sites, including the 2021-announced
the proposed prioritization grid below for more detail. Siemens and TransCanada project to feed energy (enough to
power 10,000 homes and offset 44,000 T CO2e per year)
from recovered waste heat at a pipeline compression site into a
local grid, and a NuVista deployment at various compression
sites that will offset 4,500 T CO2e per year.
• Geothermal represents an opportunity to develop local

alternative energy sources, leverage existing local
infrastructure and workforce capabilities, and develop
exportable suites of technologies for global geothermal
markets. In addition to significant momentum in geothermal
demonstration projects (Eavor Loop, Alberta No. 1 in Grande
Prairie, Razor Energy in Swan Hills), Alberta has a highly
skilled workforce capable of leveraging drilling knowledge
and expertise to access geothermal potential in new reserves
and inactive oil and gas wells.
• Energy efficiency, digitalization, and electrification can be

developed in parallel – many of the benefits of each sector
spill over into each other. Forming value chains around
industrial electrification / efficiency in heavy industry will be a
way to leverage multiple trends for growth.
• A targeted effort to upgrade the grid along with cutting-edge

tech implemented at the nodes of buildings and EV charging
can push Alberta into a more competitive position.
• CCUS will be key to the decarbonization of Alberta’s energy

system and industries. The availability of companies and assets
makes Alberta an ideal technology piloting venue, brings in
external innovators to pilot and test, raising the competitive bar
for local innovators. Develop exportable tech advantages.
38
3.1 Value Proposition Statements Alberta is also home to some of the most livable and safe cities in
the world,180 with easy access to the Rocky Mountains and world
Unique value propositions for Alberta, Calgary and the Edmonton class national and provincial park systems, affordable residential
Metropolitan Region were developed to highlight the key strengths and commercial real estate and high-quality education and
and differentiators of each region as it relates to clean technology healthcare. Alberta also boasts some of the most business-friendly
development. The three individual value proposition statements policies in North America, including a low corporate tax rate,
developed as part of the study follow. currently at just 8 per cent - the lowest in Canada.181
ENERGY TRANSITION VALUE PROPOSITION: ALBERTA Alberta has a long history of collaboration, capital deployment
and resource mobilization to execute large-scale, innovative
Alberta is uniquely positioned to bridge the transition to a
projects, such as the development of the steam-assisted gravity
low-carbon economy. Rich in natural resources and serving as
drainage (SAGD) technology, a transformational, multibillion-
Canada’s energy powerhouse, Alberta has a long history of
dollar oil sands initiative.182 Alberta is ready for our next great
carbon policies and an established, sophisticated carbon market,
challenge: the energy transition.
creating favourable deployment conditions for clean technology.
Alberta has had an industrial carbon pricing system in place since
ENERGY TRANSITION VALUE PROPOSITION: CALGARY
2007 and has transacted over 15 megatonnes of compliance-
quality, nature-based climate solutions since its creation.168 Calgary is Canada’s innovation hub, with the highest
concentration of high-tech workers, proportion of STEM graduates
Alberta is home to one of the largest industrial centres in Canada,
and labour force productivity of all major Canadian cities.183
which includes a high concentration of energy companies shifting
Calgary is also home to the most head offices per capita of any
their focus toward decarbonization and a clean energy transition.
major Canadian city,184 including utilities, telecommunication
Currently, 75 per cent of all clean technology investments by
providers, transportation and logistics operators and virtually
Canadian companies ($1.4 billion annually) come from the oil
all major Canadian energy companies. This density and
and natural gas sector169 – and that number is only expected to
diversity means direct access to customers and decision-
grow. A formal alliance, Oilsands Pathway to Net Zero170, was
makers. Technology developers are taking notice of this unique
launched in July 2021 by the province’s largest energy companies
advantage, with 70 per cent of Alberta’s cleantech firms based in
– Canadian Natural Resources Limited, Cenovus Energy, Imperial
Calgary.185 Calgary is considered to be one of the top 15 markets
Oil, MEG Energy and Suncor Energy. To achieve net zero in
for cleantech development globally. The city’s holistic start-up
Alberta, it is estimated that heavy industry will need to invest
ecosystem, talent pool and cleantech focus have the potential to
more than $2.2 billion in cleantech development and deployment
make Calgary an energy transition leader.
annually by 2030, rising to $5.4 billion annually by 2040.171 With
this investment, it is estimated that by 2040 the cleantech sector Its key laboratories and test centres, such as the Alberta Carbon
will contribute $15 billion to Alberta’s GDP, a massive market Conversion Technology Centre (AC-CTC)186, the Avatar Energy
opportunity. Transition Centre,187 Exergy Solutions188 and the Advancing
Canadian Wastewater Assets (ACWA) Laboratory189 at Pine
The cleantech ecosystem in Alberta is strengthened by world-
Creek, are accelerating the pace of commercialization of new
class laboratories and test centres, such as the Water Technology
ventures, complementing Edmonton’s manufacturing and industrial
Development Centre,172 C-FER Technologies,173 the Centre for Grid
heartland narrative. Strong government and public support for
Innovation174 and the CanmetENERGY Devon Research Centre,175
local research and expertise also makes access to land for testing
as well as top-ranking universities. The University of Alberta
and development significantly easier than in other jurisdictions.
consistently ranks on the global top 100 universities list and ranks
3rd globally as an Artificial Intelligence research centre176. Clean The Economist’s 2019 Global Livability Index190 ranked Calgary
technology development is also supported by strong public grant the fifth most livable city in the world. It offers premium office and
programs, including Alberta Innovates, which will invest $159 industrial space (with amazing views of the Rockies), a strong
million in clean technology projects in 2021177, and Emissions complement of support services (IT, engineering, legal) and a
Reduction Alberta (ERA). ERA is a unique provincial funding highly integrated transportation and logistics system.
structure that leverages industrial carbon levies to support projects
that drive heavy industry emission reductions.178 Over the past Calgary is an entrepreneurial hot spot in Canada, consistently
decade ERA has provided $646 million in funding to over 204 ranking on Start-up Genome’s Emerging Ecosystem List.191 The
emission reduction projects across Alberta.179 2021 Start-up Genome report ranked Calgary 2nd place in the
National ‘Bang for Buck’ Ecosystem category192. Calgary boasts
168
Pricing Carbon Pollution in Alberta_Mar2019_final (pembina.org) 181
F ederal and Provincial-Territorial Tax Rates for Income Earned by a
169
Canadian oil and natural gas is a cleantech industry - Context Magazine CCPC—2020 and 2021 (home.kpmg)
by CAPP 182
Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority - Oil Sands - Alberta’s
170
Oil Sands Pathways to Net Zero - Helping Canada achieve its climate goals Energy Heritage
171
Source: Delphi’s future market growth assessment economic model 183
PowerPoint Presentation (calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com)
172
The Water Technology Development Centre | Canada’s Oil Sands Innovation 184
PowerPoint Presentation (calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com)
Alliance - COSIA 185
Startup Genome
173
Home | C-FER TECHNOLOGIES (cfertech.com) 186
Alberta Carbon Conversion Technology Centre (ACCTC) - InnoTech Alberta
174
Centre for Grid Innovation - Industry Solutions (nait.ca) 187
General 4 — Avatar Innovations
175
CanmetENERGY in Devon (nrcan.gc.ca) 188
Agile Engineering and 3D Printing Experts - Get Exergy working for you!
176
ai | Research + Innovation (ualberta.ca) (exergysolutions.com)
177
https://albertainnovates.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Alberta-Inno- 189
Laboratories | Research at UCalgary | University of Calgary
vates-2021-24-BUSINESS-PLAN_Final.pdf 190
Liveability-Free-report-2019.pdf (cbeinternational.ca)
178
Technology Innovation and Emissions Reduction Regulation | Alberta.ca 191
Startup Genome
179
Impact - Emissions Reduction Alberta (eralberta.ca) 192
Startup Genome
180
Liveability-Free-report-2019.pdf (cbeinternational.ca)
39
a strong support network of post secondary-institutions including in carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS); hydrogen
the University of Calgary, SAIT and Mount Royal University, production; and digitalization. In 2018 Edmonton was ranked
co-working spaces (Assembly193, EFFECTIV194, ResourceYYC195, as one of the Top 100 Best Cities to Live globally.216 Edmonton,
WorkNicer196), business accelerator programs (The Accelerator197, is an exceptionally livable city, with affordable real estate and
Platform198, Plug and Play199, SVG Thrive200 GreenSTEM201) access to high-quality education and healthcare. The region’s 14
and an emerging financing nucleus. Over the past decade, the municipalities are individually unique, include a population of 1.4
Calgary region has undergone a profound shift in the way it seeks million and are bursting with potential.
to support its entrepreneurs and create a culture of innovation.
Programs such as Rainforest Alberta,202 Creative Destruction Lab The Edmonton Metropolitan Region is home to Canada’s first
(CDL)-Rockies203 and collaborative networks such as the Central and largest hydrogen hub,217 which builds off its extensive CCUS
Alberta Regional Innovation Network (CARiN)204 and the Clean expertise. The Edmonton region is one of the largest producers
Resource Innovation Network (CRIN)205 have allowed a shift in of hydrogen globally and has deep technical expertise in
mindset in the region, promoting a culture of collaboration. producing low-cost and low-emission hydrogen – in addition
to having well-established energy transportation, pipeline and
Calgary is emerging as an ag-tech expertise and talent centre. CCUS infrastructure, such as the ACTL (Alberta Carbon Trunk
Institutes such as Olds College206, the University of Lethbridge207, Line)218, the world’s largest CO2 pipeline. With a robust R&D-
and the Integrated Agriculture Technology Centre at Lethbridge to-commercialization pipeline, concentration of heavy industry,
College208 have unparalleled technical capabilities across the transportation corridor, and considerable government support for
agribusiness supply chain. Alberta’s proven success with carbon large-scale projects219 – such as Air Products’ $1.3 billion net zero
tax and carbon marketplace mechanisms also lends itself well hydrogen energy complex220 – the region has a built-in hydrogen
to agriculture’s carbon offset and nature-based sequestration market. This in turn will position the region to capitalize on the
potential. With a growth projection of 13 per cent year-over-year, large potential export market for hydrogen. Sixty-six countries
Calgary’s agribusiness sector is forecast to invest $246 million in have 2050 net zero targets221 and hydrogen is being included in
digital transformation by 2024209, while agtech globally is forecast short, medium and long-term planning. Key industrial players plan
to become a $725 billion (USD) industry by 2023210. With its to increase hydrogen investment six-fold by 2025, with a potential
history of farming, skilled workforce, world-class academic and for a 16-fold increase in investment by 2030.222
research institutions, and renowned entrepreneurial spirit, Calgary
is poised for significant growth and investment in ag-tech. The Edmonton region has established itself as a leading artificial
intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) research cluster,
ENERGY TRANSITION VALUE PROPOSITION: backed by strong post-secondary and research capabilities and
EDMONTON METROPOLITAN REGION a thriving startup ecosystem. The region is home to dozens of
startups leveraging artificial intelligence innovation – in the last
The Edmonton Metropolitan Region is the manufacturing and few years these companies have raised hundreds of millions.
industrial heartland of Alberta, with GDP, income and population The region is home to the University of Alberta, which is ranked
growth expanding by three times the Canadian average over the 3rd in artificial intelligence research globally223, and the Alberta
past five years.211 The Edmonton region is also home to a thriving Machine Intelligence Institute, part of the Pan-Canadian AI
technology ecosystem. The CBRE’s 2021 Scoring Tech Talent Strategy.224 Edmonton was rated as an AI up-and-comer by
Report ranked Edmonton as the fastest growing tech ecosystem in Global Startup Ecosystem225 and has already attracted corporate
North America.212 investment from major global players like Google and Amazon.226
A built-in local market and strong pool of first customers for digital
Home to Western Canada’s largest manufacturing hub,213 the
technologies can be found in Alberta’s industrial base, many
region is the gateway to Canada’s north , a strategic advantage
of whom are looking to drive efficiency and productivity and
when accessing Asian markets.
transform how they do business. A close proximity to customers
The Edmonton region’s robust research ecosystem and post- and access to extensive data sets also creates a natural feedback
secondary institutions, such as the Northern Alberta Institute of loop for algorithm refinement and accelerated development.
Technology (NAIT)214 and the University of Alberta (which is Navius Research estimates that the annual growth rate within the
ranked among the top 100 post-secondaries in the world for digitalization sector will reach 18 per cent over the next decade,
graduate employability)215 support its clean technology expertise spurred locally by digital oil field applications and large market
opportunities across a wide range of economic sectors.
193
Assembly Coworking Space | Tech Start-ups and Small Business | Calgary 213
2017-Heartland-Industrial-Guide-FINAL.pdf (industrialheartland.com)
(assemblycs.com) 214
NAIT - A leading polytechnic committed to your success
194
About Us – EFFECTIV | Calgary coworking space U of A graduates rank among most employable in the world | Folio
215
195
ReSourceYYC | Calgary Coworking Office Space for Professionals (ualberta.ca)
196
Work Nicer Coworking | Calgary & Edmonton Coworking Community 216
World’s Best Cities - Best Cities
197
THE ACCELERATOR | CALGARY ALBERTA SEED ACCELERATOR 217
Canada’s first Hydrogen Hub: Boosting economy, creating jobs, tackling
198
Home » Platform Calgary climate crisis - Ryze Hydrogen
199
Plug and Play Alberta - Plug and Play Tech Center 218
Alberta Carbon Trunk Line - Alberta Major Projects
200
SVG Ventures | THRIVE launches in Canada and establishes their innovation 219
Alberta: Government Is Charting A New, Diversified Future For The Natural
and investment platform with headquarters in Calgary, Alberta - THRIVE Gas Sector And Hydrogen Playing A Leading Role - FuelCellsWorks
(thriveagrifood.com) 220
Air Products Announces Multi-Billion Dollar Net-Zero Hydrogen Energy
201
GreenSTEM | Alberta.ca Complex in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
202
Rainforest Alberta - HOME PAGE (rainforestab.ca) 221
United Nations: Sixty-Six Countries Committed To Net Zero CO2 Emissions
203
Calgary - Creative Destruction Lab By 2050 (ndtv.com)
204
HOME - Central Alberta Regional Innovation Network (ca-rin.ca) 222
https://hydrogencouncil.com/en/hydrogen-deployment-accelerat-
205
Clean Resource Innovation Network (CRIN) ing-with-more-than-300-billion-in-project-pipeline/
206
Research & Innovation (oldscollege.ca) 223
David Staples: Edmonton leading way in artificial intelligence research |
207
Welcome to the University of Lethbridge | University of Lethbridge Edmonton Journal
(ulethbridge.ca) 224
Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute | AI for good and for all (amii.ca)
208
Integrated Agriculture Technology Centre | IATC at Lethbridge College 225
Investing in AI is good business for Alberta | Alberta School of Business
209
Agri-business (calgaryeconomicdevelopment.com) (ualberta.ca)
210
Dentons - AgTech and AI – influential agribusiness trends in Alberta 226
Artificial Intelligence - Edmonton Global
211
Economic Strength | City of Edmonton - Industrial (edmontonindustrial.ca)
212
Edmonton region a top destination for tech company expansion - Edmonton
Global
40
COMMENTARY
Alberta and its core urban centers – Calgary and the Edmonton
Metropolitan Region – offer clean technology investors several
benefits including affordable housing and a high quality of living.
Alberta’s extensive energy sector infrastructure complements
many energy transition technology pathways, including hydrogen,
CCUS and energy storage, potentially accelerating pilot project
and demonstration timelines in these areas.
Alberta’s oil and gas sector is one of the largest investors in clean
technology in Canada and the sector continues to implement
leading technologies to drive annual emission reductions and
operational efficiencies. One of the largest challenges likely lies
in changing the Alberta energy sector narrative to an energy
transition narrative. This is a conversation that has been taking
place over the last decade and while inroads have been made,
Alberta’s reputation as solely an oil and gas producer persists,
When we look at the size, primary industries and landscape

of the city of Calgary and the Edmonton Metropolitan Region,
they appear to be quite similar. However, there are nuances
between the regions that this study was able to draw out. For
example, the Calgary region has focused its efforts on creating a
collaborative start-up ecosystem that works across many entities
and organizations to support new ventures. This nuance was cited
several times throughout the stakeholder interview process; the
work being done to create a culture of innovation within the region
is not going unnoticed.
Calgary’s start-up ecosystem is beginning to mature, and it is

consistently being recognized by organizations like Start-up
Genome. The development of a strong start-up ecosystem and
support network will make Calgary a desirable destination for
start-ups working across a wide spectrum of markets. The work
Calgary has done to develop this ecosystem will also lend itself
naturally to organizations in the clean or emerging economy. This
ecosystem, combined with Calgary’s access to decision-makers
and industrial customers, make it a strong candidate for a clean
technology headquarters. Calgary is also emerging as an ag-tech
specialist, given the proximity to research centers and educational
institutions working on developing agricultural solutions.
On the other hand, the Edmonton Metropolitan Region has strong

and growing clusters in hydrogen, CCUS and digital technologies.
The Edmonton Metropolitan Region offers world-class access to
industrial infrastructure and clean technology demonstration sites.
The proximity to pilot sites in Alberta’s oil sands and decision-
makers make the Edmonton Metropolitan Region a strong choice
for start-ups developing energy transition technologies. The
Edmonton region’s start-up ecosystem is also beginning to mature
and is beginning to move into a period of growth. A recent CBRE
Group study found that Edmonton has one of the fastest growing
tech ecosystems in North America.227
227
Source: Latest CBRE report shows Canada has some of the fastest-growing tech talent pools in North America | BetaKit
41
FUTURE ENERGY
TRANSITION OPPORTUNITIES
This report contains a great deal of information about Alberta’s A strong focus on developing the skillsets needed to build out
clean technology ecosystem and clean economy. But what does Alberta’s future workforce will be essential to strengthen Alberta’s
it all mean in terms of where Alberta’s strengths lie and what clean economy. Reskilling and training programs for energy sector
opportunities we should be focusing on? workers should play a role in this transition. Many energy sector
skills naturally lend themselves to the cleantech sector, which
Based on Alberta’s current assets and areas of strengths, means that Alberta has an advantageous position when it comes
there is a clear opportunity to bridge the province’s energy to talent access. Bringing in new skillsets, currently not present in
sector through the energy transition. Development of clean the province, should also be a priority. Alberta’s affordable real
technology sub-sectors can utilize energy sector assets to estate market, high standard of living and world-class recreation
accelerate commercialization and decarbonization, specifically access will be important selling features when trying to bring top
hydrogen production and utilization, as well as CCUS. Several talent to the province.
technology pathways, including energy efficiency, digitalization,
and electrification, should also be a focus for the province, as Energy efficiency, digitalization, and electrification need
these sub-sectors need to be developed in concert to reduce to be a focus for the province as sub-sectors that should be
impacts from the energy sector while helping unlock larger plays developed in concert to reduce impacts from the energy
like hydrogen and CCUS more quickly. Lastly, given Alberta’s sector while accelerating the unlocking of larger plays like
expertise and reputation as an agriculture centre, not only within hydrogen and CCUS.
Canada but globally, there is significant opportunity for Alberta to
develop ag-tech solutions for in-house use and global export.
Alberta’s urban hubs operate effectively in tandem. Calgary,

with its proximity to head office decision-makers and high
density of clean-tech ventures, is developing clean technology
that can find local deployment sites and first customers within
the EMR’s Industrial Heart-land.
If Alberta was to pursue a net zero pathway for the province

and focus further investment on in-house clean technology
development, it would add significant jobs and GDP compared
to a business-as-usual scenario. The traditional pathway would
generate $4 billion in GDP and add 20,000 jobs in 2050,
assuming predicted growth trends continue at the same rate. This
is contrasted with $61 billion in GDP and 170,000 new jobs if
the focus is on the cleantech opportunity. The study’s analysis
estimates that a net zero pathway in Alberta would require more
than $2.1 billion in annual capital investment by 2030. That
number will increase to $5.5 billion annually by 2040.
By 2050, a net zero growth pathway could generate

almost 170,000 new clean technology jobs and
contribute $61 billion in GDP.
42
From a cleantech development perspective, both Calgary and Both approaches, although unique, operate effectively in tandem.
the Edmonton Metropolitan Region are emerging as focal points Calgary, with its proximity to head office decision-makers and
within Canada. Alberta’s urban centers have taken different high density of cleantech ventures, is developing clean technology
approaches to how they want to capitalize on their respective that can find local deployment sites and first customers within
cleantech opportunities; however, the approaches complement the EMR’s Industrial Heartland. Together, both urban centres are
one another. The Edmonton region, which includes Alberta’s creating a natural innovation corridor within Alberta.
Industrial Heartland, is within close proximity to industrial
infrastructure and assets, including refineries and pipeline net- To achieve the capital investment required for a successful net zero
works. These assets create a natural development and deployment pathway in Alberta, significant foreign direct investment (FDI) will
area for hard-tech solutions like hydrogen and CCUS. The be needed. At this time, some negative signals are being sent to
Edmonton Metropolitan Region is also looking to set itself apart investors that may indicate that the energy transition and serious
from competing jurisdictions by creating deep expertise within pursuit of clean technology development is not a priority for
emerging technology pathways, such as AI and ML. Alberta. This includes the cancellation of the Alberta Investor Tax
Credit, the closure of Alberta’s provincial energy efficiency agency
Calgary on the other hand is taking a slightly different approach – Energy Efficiency Alberta and the provincial government’s
in that it is seeking to build out a strong start-up ecosystem that can decision to repeal Alberta’s carbon tax.
support ventures across the spectrum of ‘cleantech’. Calgary is less
hub-focused and instead concentrating its efforts on becoming Despite these headlines, it doesn’t tell Alberta’s complete
a strong overall innovation ecosystem. This is seen by the fact cleantech story. The province is sending positive signals to
that currently 70 per cent of Alberta’s cleantech companies investors that clean technology development is a priority,
are headquartered in Calgary. It was also ranked as a top 15 including net zero targets and commitments from oil and gas
cleantech market by Start-up Genome. companies, strong small business practices and low taxation
rates, strong public funding programs for emerging technology
The province is sending positive signals to investors that clean and investment in leading research institutions and test facilities to
technology development is a priority, including net zero accelerate commercialization timelines. For Alberta to maintain
targets and commitments from oil and gas companies, strong a cleantech leadership position, strong, consistent climate policy
small business practices and low taxation rates, strong public and leadership will be needed, as it will be key to securing FDI
funding programs for emerging technology and investment in for Alberta’s cleantech ventures and large-scale technology
leading research institutions and test facilities to accelerate demonstration projects.
commercialization timelines
43
Research and stakeholder engagement for this study yielded several recommendations to strengthen Alberta’s
cleantech ecosystem and to capitalize on Alberta’s leadership position in the clean economy, including:
Improve the presence of local investment/investors, A program designed to connect cleantech ventures with
including venture capital (VCs) and angels. first customers would benefit the province significantly.
Several stakeholders cited a lack of local investment presence This includes the development of municipal and Crown
as a reason for relocating their company. Alberta has seen a Corporation local-first deployment programs, with financial
number of new investment firms emerge in the last 18 to 24 incentives to help offset the perceived risk of pilot/demonstration
months, however more local investment is needed to keep projects. As mentioned throughout the report, there is no shortage
ventures based in Alberta. It was also noted that capital of potential first customers within Alberta. The willingness of
access tends to be better for start-ups than scale-ups and that customers to pilot or deploy new technology remains an issue.
investment for scaling ventures should be prioritized.
More connections to market and early connections with

Continuing efforts to encourage technology piloting demand owners can support the transfer of university-
and demonstration projects developed technology into the market through spin-outs
This will not only give local technology companies a faster path to and technology transfer agreements.
scale but also de-risk investments for external or foreign investors. The research ecosystem in Alberta is strong, with universities that
While local capital appears to only be enough to support early- are undertaking research in areas critical to the energy transition.
stage development of technology companies, there is evidence ESG leadership can also play a key role in continuing to recognize
that corporate incumbents will participate in financing rounds for the talent, diversity and excellence of the people in this province,
notable companies. who have the skills and determination to address our biggest
challenges and seize on our greatest opportunities.
A renewed focus on bringing new talent to the
province will be needed if Alberta is to take a Establishing footholds beyond project deployment, and
leadership role within cleantech. Quality of living and focused on development of technologies critical to the
world-class mountain landscape access are strong energy transition.
selling features to skilled young talent.
Building new strengths in technology locally will keep talent in the
Skilled youth are choosing investment hot spots, like Toronto, province, improve inbound FDI, and ultimately create jobs and
Vancouver and Seattle, over cities like Calgary and the Edmonton economic development.
Metropolitan Region. This is particularly true for skilled workers
and talent that have recently graduated. This age group is less
focused on real estate ownership and therefore willing to relocate
to investor-heavy cities despite the added cost of living.
44
Given the large potential of these technology Increasing the percentage of renewable energy
pathways within Alberta, a more robust on Alberta’s grid will help drive further uptake of
telecommunication system would benefit deployment electrified technologies, which stand to benefit from a
and commercialization opportunities within these lower-emitting grid.
particular sectors. Alberta’s electricity grid is one of the most carbon-intensive
Rural areas throughout the province still struggle with broadband in Canada, although it also has one of the highest potential
network quality. This remains a potential barrier to the deployment renewable energy capacities in the country, and will need to do
of both ag-tech and digital oilfield solutions, which would this if it wants to remain competitive in the electrification space
be deployed in rural settings and require strong wireless or against other Canadian jurisdictions.
broadband networks to successfully deploy.
There is an opportunity to incorporate electrification
Alberta could demonstrate net zero leadership by into comprehensive climate, transportation and
driving alternative, sustainable product adoption with infrastructure plans – which are currently all
updated green procurement practices and product standalone strategies
certifications. Increased collaboration between government departments
Currently there is a lack of regulatory certainty, reliable incentives, will enable clean technology deployment opportunities by
and investment credits to reduce the capital-intensive investments creating an environment that supports the uptake of emerging
required for large-scale CCUS projects. Similarly, as new carbon- technology pathways.
derived products and alternatives begin to emerge, industrial
codes, product standards and green building/infrastructure rating
Consistent, strong climate policy and ESG leadership,
systems will need to evolve to encompass these new solutions.
including an overarching hydrogen utilization strategy,
is needed to create a ‘north star’ that guides clean
A narrative has begun to emerge about the carbon- technology development in Alberta.
impact of blue hydrogen. Alberta will need to begin This, perhaps more than other recommendation within the report,
to transform and control this narrative if hydrogen is was strongly endorsed by the project’s key stakeholders and
to remain a part of a net zero and energy transition Advisory Committee.
pathway.
This should include increased marketing about the environmental
benefits of hydrogen utilization and the role hydrogen has to play
in clean energy generation.
45
APPENDIX A
Project Methodologies
ECONOMIC MODEL FUTURE GROWTH ANALYSIS ECONOMIC MODEL
The economic model for the study was developed using multiple The future-facing economic model utilized the same NAICS
statistical data sets – Statistics Canada’s Environmental and codes and definitions as the baseline model to bound the scope
Clean Technology Products Economic Account (ECTPEA) and of the sub-sectors analyzed. The future market growth assessment
business counts for Alberta, and HS Commodity Code-linked developed an annual growth rate for each sub-sector using
data. Together, these economic datasets measure the economic several forecasts from established sources, including McKinsey
contribution of environmental and clean technology products in (global), Navius Research (local), SNC Lavalin (global),
terms of output, gross domestic product (GDP), employment (i.e., Bloomberg (global), the International Energy Agency (IEA)
number of jobs), and international trade (i.e., export-generated (global) and the AESO (Alberta Energy Systems Operator) (local).
revenue). Jobs, real GDP, and export revenue were estimated by A blend of localized and global growth rates was used to develop
analyzing specific industries in the Alberta provincial business an averaged, unique growth factor for each cleantech sub-sector.
accounts that are operating in the cleantech space. A summary of the average annual growth rate used for each sub-
sector can be found in the Table A1 below.
The Statistics Canada cleantech economic dataset and Alberta
business counts were useful at the macro level, but a more VALUE PROPOSITION DEVELOPMENT
granular level of detail was required for this study to determine
the economic contribution of the 16 selected energy transition Key findings and stakeholder feedback generated from the
technology sub-sectors. This was accomplished by refining the SWOT Analysis and Ecosystem Bench-marking Analysis were
HS Commodity Codes used to better match clean technology used as the foundation for the value propositions. Additional
development and clean economy activities across the 16 sub- research was conducted to fill in gaps and provide evidence
sectors. Considerable research in identifying clean HS codes has to support stakeholder claims. Three SMEs also provided their
taken place over the past 20 years and this research is continuing direct feedback via a primary interview process. The companies
today. The United States Trade Administration (USTA), the World provided their perspective on the advantages Alberta, Calgary
Trade Organization (WTO), Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation and the Edmonton Metropolitan Region offer to prospective
(APEC), the Organization for Economic Co-operation and founders and business owners who may be looking to relocate
Development (OECD), and Statis-tics Canada have all been their cleantech companies. The interviews were developed into
working to classify cleantech export and import activities with accompanying case studies, not published in this report.
best-fit HS Commodity Codes. These classifications are accepted A draft value proposition was developed for each of the 3
globally. identified regions and presented to a group of key stakeholders
It is important to note that some NAICS codes were mapped to (i.e., Advisory Committee) to gauge their initial reactions to the
more than one sub-sector and in such cases the duplication has statements and gather further insight on the strengths that should
been netted out. GDP and job numbers have been filtered through be highlighted for each unique statement. Stakeholders were also
intensity ratios at the industry level developed by Statistics Canada asked if the statements told an accurate narrative and were asked
for Alberta. For the waste management and advanced recycling if the narrative rang true based on their own experiences within
technologies sub-sector, only estimates for remediation and the ecosystem. There was a consensus that the narratives were true
material recovery materials (recycling) were included. Activities for and accurate, with a need for more examples to demonstrate the
waste collection and disposal were excluded. claims within the statements.
46
Table A1 - Net Zero Growth Projection Trends, by Sub-Sector
Net Zero Annual Rate of Growth

Projection Trends by Select McKisey SNC Blooberg AESO EIA EIA Navius
Consultancies & Agencies (2020 -2030) (2020 -2050) (2020 -2050) (2021 -2041) (2020 -2030) (2020 -2050) (2020 -2030)
Average
Digitalization 1.31 1.18 1.24
Carbon capture, utilization and storage 1.19 1.19
Methane monitoring and abatement 1.18 1.18
Energy storage technologies 1.11 1.22 1.19 1.17
Hydrogen production and utilization 1.09 1.09
Sustainable, alternative and high-tech

materials 1.06 1.11 1.08
Energy efficiency 1.01 1.13 1.07
Renewable energy production 1.0775 1.08 1.03 1.10 1.06 1.07
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) 1.05 1.10 1.02 1.06
Sustainable fuel development 1.05 1.04 1.05
Electrification 1.05 1.03 1.04
Waste management and recycling 1.03 1.03
Water efficiency and wastewater

treatment technologies 1.03 1.03
Ag-tech and agriculture 1.03 1.03
Non-thermal use of fossil-based

feedstocks 1.03 1.03
47
APPENDIX B
Table B1. Cleantech Sub-sector Definitions:
Sub-sector Definition – i.e. technology areas the sub-sector includes
Carbon capture, utilization Low-carbon concrete, direct air capture and carbon sequestration technologies and
and storage infrastructure
Cogeneration, high-performance HVAC equipment, energy management and energy-

Energy efficiency efficient products/services (e.g. lighting)
Renewable energy generation Projects and facilities that generate renewable energy from solar, wind, geothermal and run-
of-river hydro
Hydrogen value-chain, including production, use and transportation technologies. Hydrogen

Hydrogen fuel cells and material development are included.
Waste management and advanced Materials recovery and remediation services/technologies
recycling technologies
Electrical grid infrastructure, including smart grid enhancement, and the development of
Electrification transportation infrastructure/technologies such as EV charging and rail line electrification
Sustainable fuel production, including aviation fuels, ethanol, biodiesel, renewable natural
Sustainable fuel development gas and biogas
Technologies that monitor emissions (e.g. sensors, surveillance, cameras) and abate emission
Methane monitoring and abatement releases (leak prevention solutions for pipelines, flare units)
Modular nuclear systems designed for localized power generation, such as for oil sands
Small modular reactors
operations
Technologies to improve the yield and efficiency of agricultural operations and to create
Ag-tech and agriculture
alternative products.
Technologies, materials and supply chain. Batteries, compressed air and pumped hydro
Energy storage are included.
Sustainable, alternative and Covers biochemicals, alternative bitumen products such as bitumen beyond combustion
high-tech materials pathways, bioplastics, biopharma and engineered forest products
Technologies that reduce water consumption – commercial and residential – and improve the
Water efficiency and effectiveness and efficiency of wastewater treatment, especially contamination and heavy
wastewater treatment
metal processing
Covers a wide-range of technologies that increase the digital capacity and efficiency of
Digitalization various sub-sectors, including sensors, data analytics, artificial intelligence, machine learning,
IoT, data management, software solutions and augmented/virtual reality applications such as
digital twins and training
48
Table B2: Cleantech Subsector and NAICS Codes
Sub-sector NAICS
Cement and Agricultural,

Basic chemical construction and
Carbon capture, utilization, manufacturing concrete product mining machinery
and storage [3251] manufacturing manufacturing
[3273] [3331]
Ventilation, heating,
air-conditioning
Energy efficiency (e.g., co-generation, and commercial
high-performance HVAC equipment) refrigeration
equipment
manufacturing [3334]
Hydro-electric
power generation
[221111]
Fossil-fuel electric
power generation
Electric power [221112]
Renewable energy production generation,
(solar, wind and hydro) transmission and Other electric
distribution [2211] power generation
[221119]
Electric bulk power
trans-mission and
control [221121]
Electric power
distribution [221122]
Other electrical Detailed Pumped

Energy storage technologies, equipment and Hydro Storage &
materials, and supply chain component Compressed Air
(e.g., lithium extraction) manufacturing and components
[3359] have been added.
Hydrogen production and
utilization (sector will cover Motor vehicle Natural gas Basic chemical Other electrical
various aspects of hydrogen- body and trailer distribution, water, manufacturing equipment and
related technology including fuel manufacturing sewage and other [3251] component
cells, storage, transportation, [3362] systems [221A] 42 manufacturing [3359]
materials development)
Waste management Waste

and advanced recycling management
technologies and remediation
services [562]
Electrification (including Electric power Other Boiler, tank and
vehicle and rail electrification generation, engineering shipping container
technologies) and grid transmission and construction manufacturing
infrastructure, including smart distribution [2211] [23C5] 43 [3324]
grid capabilities
Sustainable fuel development,
including transportation fuels (e.g.,
aviation, biodiesel, biogas and
renewable natural gas
Renewable Natural Gas (RNG) Petroleum

re-fineries [32411]
Wood Fuel Sawmills and wood

preservation [3211]
Biofuels Basic chemical

49
Sub-sector NAICS
Petroleum
Aviation Fuel re-fineries
[32411]
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Scientific research

and development
development (i.e., modular nuclear) services [5417]
Methane monitoring Other electronic

and abatement product manufacturing
[334A] 55
Digitalization (IoT, sensors, data Computer and Data processing,
analytics, AI, machine learning, peripheral equipment hosting, and related
AR/VR/digital twins, data manufacturing [3341] services [518]
management)
Water efficiency and wastewater Water, sewage and
treatment technologies other systems [2213]
Agricultural,
Support activities Support activities construction and Scientific re-search
Ag-tech and agriculture for forestry [1153] for crop and animal mining machinery and development
production [115A] 9 manufacturing services [5417]
[3331]
Non-thermal use of fossil fuel
feedstocks and sustainable,
alternative and high-tech materials
(e.g., biochemicals, bio-plastics,
biopharmaceuticals, pipeline coatings)
Petroleum and coal
Non-thermal product manufacturing
(except petroleum
refineries) [BS3241A0]
Pharmaceutical
BioPharma and medicine
Resin, synthetic
rubber and
Bioplastics fibres, and paint
manufacturing
[325B] 51
Biochemicals Basic chemical

Sawmills and
Engineered Forest Products wood preservation
[3211]
Sawmills and
Cellulose wood preservation
[3211]
Note: Double counting was avoided for NAICS codes which were included in more than one sub-sector.
50
Table B3: Job and GDP Intensity Ratios (Statistics Canada)
Sub-sector Job Intensity Ratios GDP Intensity Ratios
Carbon capture, utilization, and storage 0.5 per cent 0.6 per cent
Energy efficiency (e.g., co-generation, high-performance 11.8 per cent 14.9 per cent
HVAC equipment)
Renewable energy production 9.0 per cent 6.4 per cent
Energy storage technologies, materials and supply 100.0 per cent 100.0 per cent
chain (e.g., lithium extraction)
Hydrogen production and utilization (sector will cover various

aspects of hydrogen-related technology including fuel cells, 6.6 per cent 5.6 per cent
storage, transportation, materials development)
Waste management and advanced recycling technologies 95.1 per cent 95.3 per cent
Electrification (including vehicle and rail electrification

technologies) and grid infrastructure, including smart 7.1 per cent 7.2 per cent
grid capabilities
Sustainable fuel development, including transportation fuels (e.g., 6.9 per cent 3.2 per cent
aviation, biodiesel, biogas and renewable natural gas
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) development (i.e., modular nuclear) 13.5 per cent 17.9 per cent
Methane monitoring and abatement 9.6 per cent 13.5 per cent
Digitalization (IoT, sensors, data analytics, AI, machine learning, 13.3 per cent 17.3 per cent
AR/VR/digital twins, data management)
Water efficiency and wastewater treatment technologies 95.1 per cent 100.0 per cent
Ag-tech and agriculture 11.6 per cent 9.1 per cent
Non-thermal use of fossil fuel feedstocks and sustainable,

alternative and high-tech materials (e.g., biochemicals, 18.6 per cent 4.6 per cent
bioplastics, biopharmaceuticals, pipeline coatings)
TOTAL 14.2 per cent 9.8 per cent
51
Sub-sector Exoprts Imports
Carbon, Capture, Utilization & Storage $110 $77
Energy efficiency $401 $234
Renewable energy production $14 $388
Energy storage technologies $31 $51
Hydrogen production and utilization $10 $1
Waste management and recycling $254 $157
Electrification $140 $215
Sustainable fuel development $215 $58
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) $0
Methane monitoring and abatement $70 $99
Digitalization $246 $280
Water efficiency and wastewater treatment $121 $187
Ag-tech and agriculture $102 $69
Non-thermal use and sustainable materials $3,035 $133
TOTAL $4,749 $1,950
52
Table B4: Summary of Clean Technology GDP and Jobs, by Clean Technology Subsector, Alberta
GDP Annual Jobs Annual

GDP (Millions of
Sub-sector Growth 2016 Jobs Growth 2016
2012 Dollars)
to 2020 to 2020
Carbon capture, utilization, $44 -7.8 per cent 220 -6.8 per cent
and storage
Energy efficiency (e.g., co-generation, $442 -0.3 per cent 3,524 1.9 per cent
high-performance HVAC equipment)
Renewable energy production $325 0.9 per cent 1,173 -2.1 per cent
Energy storage technologies,

materials, and supply chain $59 2.4 per cent 461 -1.5 per cent
(e.g., lithium extraction)
Hydrogen production and

utilization (sector will cover
various aspects of hydrogen- $120 18.7 per cent 211 6.9 per cent
related technology including fuel
cells, storage, transportation,
materials development)
Waste management
and advanced recycling $318 -1.3 per cent 2,449 4.3 per cent
technologies
Electrification (including
vehicle and rail electrification
technologies) and grid $191 -2.7 per cent 1,157 8.3 per cent
infrastructure, including smart
grid capabilities
Sustainable fuel development,

including transportation fuels (e.g., $377 -17.6 per cent 1,406 6.9 per cent
aviation, biodiesel, biogas and
renewable natural gas
Small Modular Reactor (SMR) $16 -12.4 per cent 115 -12.4 per cent
development (i.e., modular nuclear)
Methane monitoring and abatement $47 18.5 per cent 117 -6.7 per cent
Digitalization (IoT, sensors, data

analytics, AI, machine learning, AR/ $38 -5.9 per cent 174 -11.2 per cent
VR/digital twins, data management)
Water efficiency and wastewater $492 1.1 per cent 989 6.6 per cent
treatment technologies
Ag-tech and agriculture $99 -2.6 per cent 1,270 -6.8 per cent
Non-thermal use of fossil fuel

feed-stocks and sustainable,
alternative and high-tech materials $186 -2.1 per cent 1,386 19.5 per cent
(e.g., biochemicals, bioplastics,
biopharmaceuticals, pipe-line
coatings)
TOTAL $2,753 -3.5 per cent 14,651 2.4 per cent

Sources: Statistics Canada Table 36-10-0402-01 Gross domestic product (GDP) at basic prices, by industry, provinces and territories (x 1,000,000) https://doi.org/10.25318/3610040201-eng and;
Statistics Canada. Table 36-10-0489-01 Labour statistics consistent with the System of National Ac-counts (SNA), by job category and industry https://doi.org/10.25318/3610048901-eng
53
Table 5: HS Commodity Codes by Clean Technology Subsector
Sub-sector Segment HS Commodity Codes

HS 730511
HS 730410 HS 730512
Utilization of - Line Pipe HS 730519 HS 730610 -
HS 280300 - Line Pipe of - Line Pipe
Existing, Near HS 847432 - (Circular) For - Line Pipe Line Pipe For Oil
- Carbon A Kind Used (Circular) For
Carbon Capture or Medium HS 380210 Machines For Oil or Gas (Circular) For or Gas Pipelines
(Carbon For Oil or Gas Oil or Gas
Utilization & term Projected - Activated Mixing Mineral Pipelines - Oil or Gas - Welded,
Blacks and Pipelines - Iron Pipe-lines -
Storage (CCUS) Captured Carbon Substances With Longitudinally Pipelines - Other Riveted or
Other Forms of (Excl Cast Longitudinally
Carbon Supply Bitumen Submerged Arc Nes - Iron or Closed Nes -
Carbon Nes) Iron) or Steel - Welded Nes -
(CarbonTech) Welded - Iron Steel Iron or Steel
Seamless Iron or Steel
or Steel
Hs 381600 HS 681091 -
- refractory HS 382340 HS 382440 Pre-fabricated HS 681099
cements, - Prepared HS 382350 - - Prepared HS 382450 - Structural - Articles Nes
Carbon Capture Low-Carbon HS 847431 HS 870540 -
mortars, Additives For Non-Refractory Additives For Non-Refractory Components - of Cement,
Utilization & Concrete - Concrete or Concrete-Mixer
concretes Cements, Mortars and Cements, Mortars and For Buildings Concrete or
Storage (CCUS) Mortar Mixers Lorries (Trucks),
and similar Mortars or Concretes Mortars or Concretes - of Cement, Artificial Stone
compositions, Concretes Concretes Concrete or Nes
nes Artificial Stone
HS 842199
Hs 842139 - Parts For
- filtering or Filtering or
Carbon Capture Direct Air
purifying Purifying
Utilization & Capture
machinery and Machinery
Storage (CCUS) Technology
apparatus - for and Apparatus
gases nes For Liquids or
Gases,
HS 271500 HS 390140
HS 390290 HS 390490
HS 271490 - - Bituminous - Ethylene-
Non-thermal Hs 250410 - HS 250490 - HS 282530 - Polymers of - Polymers
Carbon Capture Natural Bitumen Mixtures Based HS 380110 alpha-olefin
use of natural graphite Natural Graph- - Vanadium Propylene or of of Other
Utilization & and Asphalt; On Asphalt, - Artificial copolymers,
fossil-based - in powder or ite - Except in Oxide and Other Olefins Halogenated
Storage (CCUS Asphaltites and Bitumen or Graphite having a
feedstocks flakes Powder or Flake Hydroxides Nes - in Primary Olefins, Nes - in
Asphaltic Rocks Mineral Tar/Tar specific gravity
Forms Primary Forms
Pitch of less than 094
HS 811292 HS 811299
- Gallium, - Gallium,
Germanium, Germanium,
HS 811240 - HS 854519
HS 680790 HS 681510 - Hafnium, Hafnium, HS 854511
Vanadium and - Carbon HS 854520
- Asphalt or Non-Electrical HS 720292 - Indium, Indium, - Carbon
Articles Thereof, or Graphite - Carbon
Similar Material Articles of Ferro-Vanadium Niobium, Niobium, or Graphite
Including Electrodes - or Graphite
Articles - Not in Graphite or Rhenium, Rhenium, Electrodes - For
Waste, Scrap For Electrical Brushes
Rolls Other Carbon Vanadium, Vanadium and Furnaces
and Powders Purposes, Nes
Un-wrought; Articles Thereof,
Waste & Scrap; Nes
Powder
HS 854590
HS 680710 - Articles of
- Asphalt or Carbon or
Similar Material Graphite - For
Articles - in Rolls Electrical
Purposes, Nes
54
HS 841090
Hs 841011 Hs 841013 Hs 854140 -
Hs 841012 -Hydraulic
Biogas - Hydraulic - Hydraulic Photosensitive
Energy - Hydraulic turbines Hs 850231
Renewable Hs 271600 generator sets; Turbines And Turbines Semiconductor
Production / Turbines And elsewhere - Electric
Energy - Electrical Gas Generator Water Wheels And Water Devices,
Integration Water Wheels specified and Generating Sets
Generation Energy (ex-85023900) - Power Not Wheels - Power Photo-voltaic
- Power 1,000- water wheels; - Wind-Powered
[Ch] Exceeding Exceeding Cells And Light
10,000 Kw parts, including
1,000 Kw 10,000 Kw Emitting Diodes
regulators
Hs 850611 - Hs 850612 - Hs 850619 -

Hs 850613 - Hs 850620 -
Hs 850610 - Primary Cells Primary Cells Primary Cells
Hs 850640 - Hs 850650 - Hs 850660 - Primary Cells Primary Cells
Primary Cells And Batteries And Batteries - And Batteries -
Primary Cells Primary Cells Primary Cells And Batteries And Batteries
Energy Storage Energy Storage And Batteries - Manganese Mercuric Oxide Other Chemical
And Batteries - And Batteries And Batteries - Silver Oxide - - Chemi-cal -
- Manganese Dioxide - - External Nes - External
Silver Oxide - Lithium - Air-Zinc External Volume External Volume
Dioxide External Volume Volume <301 Volume <301
<301 Cm3 >300 Cm3
<301 Cm3 Cm3 Cm3
HS 290433
Hs 850690 HS 280519 -
Hs 850630 - - Lithium
- Parts Of Alkali Metals HS 282520 - HS 283691
Primary Cells perfluorooctane
Primary Cells (Other than Lithium Oxide - Lithium
And Batteries - sulphonate,
And Primary Sodium and and Hydroxides Carbonates
Mercuric Oxide whether or not
Batteries Calcium)
halogenated
HS 382479
HS 854330 -
- Other
Machines and
Mixtures Cntg
Hydrogen Hydrogen HS 280410 - Apparatus For
Halogenated
Economy Production Hydrogen Electroplating,
Derivatives of
Electrolysis or
Methane,Ethane
Electrophoresis
or Propane,Nes
HS 870390 -
Motor Vehicles
Hydrogen Hydrogen
- Passenger
Economy Transportation
Transport -
Other Nes
Hs 850680 -
Primary Cells
Hydrogen Hydrogen Use And Batteries
Economy - Other Nes
(Including Fuel
Cells)
55
HS 293319 -
Heterocyclic
HS 292320
HS 110814 HS 293311 Compounds
HS 110812 - - Lecithins
Hs 110811 - HS 110813 - - Manioc HS 110819 - HS 110820 - - Phenazone Containing
Bio-Products Biochemicals Maize (Corn) and Other
wheat starch Potato Starch (Cassava) Starch-es Nes Inulin (Antipyrin) and An Unfused
Starch Phosphoam-
Starch Its Derivatives Pyrazole Ring
inolipids
in The Structure,
Nes
HS 293349
HS 293340 -
HS 293329 - HS 293339 - - Other
Heterocyclic
Heterocyclic Heterocyclic Heterocyclic
HS 293333 - Compounds
Compounds Com-pounds HS 293341 - Compounds
HS 293321 - HS 293331 - HS 293332 - Methylphendate Containing A
Containing Containing Levorphanol Containing A
Hydantoin and Pyridine and Its Piperidine and (Inn), Similar Quinoline or
An Unfused An Unfused (Inn) and Its Quinoline or
Its Derivatives Salts Its Salts Com-pounds Isoquinoline
Imidazole Ring Pyridine Ring in Salts Isoquinoline
and their Salts Ring System
in The Structure, The Structure, Ring System
(Not Further
Nes Nes (Not Further
Fused)
Fused)
HS 293355 -
HS 293369 -
Methaqualone HS 293359 -
HS 293351 - HS 293354 Heterocyclic HS 293371
HS 293353 - (Inn), Heterocyclic
Malonylurea - Other Compounds - 6-Hex-
HS 293352 - Phenobarbitals Lozprazolam Com-pounds
(Barbituric Derivatives of HS 293361 - Containing anelactam
Barbituric Acid (Inn) and Similar (Inn), Containing A
Acid) and Its Malonylurea Melamine An Unfused (Epsilon-Capro-
and Its Salts Compounds Mecloqualone Pyrimidine Ring
Derivatives (Incl. (Barbituric Acid) Triazine Ring in lactam)
and their Salts (Inn), Zipeprol or Piperazine
Salts Thereof) The Structure,
(Inn) and their Ring, Nes
Nes
Salts
HS 293391 - HS 293499
HS 293390 - HS 293490 -
Diazepam (Inn), HS 293399 - Other
Heterocyclic Heterocy-clic HS 300210
HS 293372 - Flurazepam - Other Heterocyclic
Compounds Compounds - Antisera,
Clobabazam HS 293379 - (Inn), Oxaze- Heterocyclic Com-pounds
With Nitrogen HS 293392 - Nes (Including Other Blood
(Inn) and Other Lactams pam (Inn), Com-pounds Nes (Including
Hetero-Atom(S) Azinphosmethyl Morpholine, Fractions and
Methyprylon Nes Chlorazepate With Nitrogen Morpholine,
Only Nes (Incl Sultones, Immunological
(Inn) and Other Hetero-Atom(S) Sultones,
Benzodiaz- Sultams and Products
Benzodiaze- Only Nes Sultams and
epenes) Nucleic Acids)
penes Nucleic Acids)
HS 350220 - HS 391390
Milk Albumin, - Natural
Including Polymers,
Concentrates Modified
of Two or More Natural
Whey Proteins Polymers Nes -
in Primary Forms
56
Hs 390770
- poly(lactic
Bio-Products Bioplastics acid), in primary
forms
HS 300212 - HS 300214 -
Hs 300110 HS 300120 HS 300190 - HS 300213 -
HS 300210 Antisera & other Immunological
- glands and - Extracts of Heparin & Its Immunological
- Antisera, blood fractions, products,-
other organs, Glands or Other Salts;Human/ HS 300211 products,
Other Blood whether or mixed,not put
Bio-Products Bioplastics dried, pow- Organs or of Animal Subs - Malaria diag- unmixed, not put
Fractions and not modified/ in measured
dered or not - their Secretions For Therap or nostic test kits up in measured
Immunological obtained by doses/forms/
for thera-peutic - Therapeutic Prophltc Uses, doses/forms/
Products biotechnologi- packings f ret
uses Uses Nes packings frs
cal proc sale
HS 300219 -
HS 300215 -
Immunological HS 300231 HS 300290 -
Immunological
products, nes, HS 300220 HS 300230 - - Vaccines Other Human
products, put HS 300239
whether or - Vaccines - Vaccines For Against Foot or or Animal Blood
up in measured - Vaccines Nes -
not modified/ Human Uses Veterinary Mouth Disease - Preparations
dos-es/forms/ Veterinary Uses
obtained by Medicine Veterinary Uses Nes
packings, for
biotechnologi-
retail sale
cal processes
HS 300339 -
HS 300310 - HS 300340 - HS 300341 HS 300342
HS 300320 - Medicaments
Medicaments HS 300331 - Medicaments - Medicaments,- - Medicaments,-
Medicaments (Bulk)
(Bulk) With Medicaments (Bulk) Contain- cont ephedrin/ cont pseudo-
(Bulk) With Containing
Penicillins, (Bulk) Contain- ing Alkaloids But salts,mix,ther- ephed-rine/
Other Hormones But
Streptomycins or ing Insulin No Hormones ap/prophltc sa,mix,therap/
Antibiotics Nes No Insulin or
their Derivatives or Antibiotics us-es,nfrs, prophltc,nfrs,
Contraceptives
HS 300343 HS 300349 HS 300410

HS 300360
- Medica- - Medicaments,-
HS 300390 - - Penicillins or HS 300420 - HS 300431
- Medicaments,-
ments,cont cont alkaloids/
Medicaments Streptomycins Antibiotics Nes - Insulin - in
cont antimalari-
norephed-rine/ deriv t/o,nes,-
(Bulk) Nes and their - in Dosage Dosage
al active princi-
salts,mix,ther- mix,f therap/ Derivatives - in
ples,mixed,nfrs
ap/prophltc,nfrs prophltc,nfrs Dosage
HS 300440
HS 300432 - HS 300439 HS 300441 HS 300442 HS 300443 HS 300449 HS 300460
- Alkaloids or
Adrenal Cortical - Hormones - Medicaments,- - Medi,cont - Medi,cont - Medi,cont HS 300450 - - Medicaments,-
their Derivatives
Hormones - in Nes Other than cont ephedrin/ pseudoephed- norephed-rine/ alkaloids/deriv Vitamins and cont anti-ma-
- Other than
Dosage Antibiotics or salts,therap/ rine/salts,ther- salts,therap/ t/o,nes,therap/ their Derivatives larial active
Antibiotics or
Contraceptives - prophltc,in ap/prophltc,in prophltc,in prophltc,doses/ - in Dosage principles,in
Hormones - in
in Dosage doses/frs doses/frs doses/frs frs doses/frs
Dosage
HS 391710
391390 - Nat-
- Sausage Cas-
ural Poly-mers,
HS 300490 - ings (Artificial
Modi-fied Nat-
Medicaments Guts) of Hard-
ural Polymers
Nes - in Dosage ened Protein
Nes - in Primary
or of Cellulosic
Forms
Materials
57
HS 440831
Hs 440810 - Veneer/ HS 440839
Hs 441299 - HS 440820 Plywood Sheets HS 440890 HS 441019 -
- veneer/ - Veneer/
veneered panels - Veneer/ (Thickness - Veneer/ HS 441012 - Waferboard
plywood sheets Plywood Sheets
Engineered and similar Plywood Sheets <6Mm) - Plywood Sheets Oriented Strand and Similar
Bio-Products (thickness (Thickness
Forest Products laminated (Thickness (Meranti Red (Thickness Board (Osb), of Board, of
<6mm) - <6Mm) -
wood, nes, <6Mm) - (Light and Dark) <6Mm) - Other Wood Wood, Nes
coniferous Tropical Wood
Tropical Wood and Meranti Wood Nes
wood Nes
Bakau)
HS 441299 -
HS 441031 Veneered Panels
HS 441021 -
HS 441029 - - Particle HS 441032 - HS 441033 - and Similar
Particle Boards HS 441039 -
Particle Boards Boards of Particle Boards Particle Boards Laminated
of Wood Particle Boards
of Wood Wood - Other of Wood - of Wood - Wood, Nes,
- Oriented of Wood - Edge
- Oriented than Oriented Covered With Covered With Ply HS 441890
Strand-boards/ or Face Worked
Strand-boards/ Strand-boards/ Mela-nine- Decorative - Builder’S
Waferboards (Whether
Waferboards - Waferboards Impregnated Plastic Joinery and
- Unworked, Painted or Not)
Other Nes - Unworked, Paper Laminates Carpentery, of
Sanded
Sanded Wood, Nes
Hs 391211 - cel- HS 391290 HS 391390

HS 391231 -
Cellulose lulose acetates, HS 391239 - - Cellulose - Natural Poly-
Carboxymethyl-
Nanofibers non-plasticized Cellulose Ethers Derivatives mers, Modified
Bio-Products cellulose and Its
(CNF) - in primary Nes - in Primary Nes- in Primary Natural Poly-
Salts- in Primary
forms Forms Forms mers Nes - in
Forms
Primary Forms
HS 902690
Instruments
and apparatus
for measuring
or checking
the flow, level,
Hs 902790 -
HS 902620 HS 902680 pressure or oth-
Microtomes;
Instruments and Instruments and er variables of HS 300410
Parts And
apparatus for apparatus for liquids or gases - Penicillins or
Methane Accessories
measuring or measuring or (for example, Streptomycins
monitoring & Of Instruments
checking pres- checking other flow meters, and their
abatement And Apparatus
sure of liquids variables of level gauges, Derivatives - in
For Physical
or gases, nesoi. liquids or gases, manometers, Dosage
Or Chemical
[US] nesoi. [US] heat meters),
Analysis
excluding
instruments and
apparatus of
heading 90.14,
90.15, 90.28 or
90.32 [Au]
58
HS 841931 - HS 843229 HS 843231 -

Hs 230990 HS 843239
Non-Domestic HS 843210 - HS 843221 - - Scarifiers, No-till direct HS 843240 HS 843241
- animal feed - Seeders,
Dryers - For Ploughs (For Disc Harrows Cultivators, seeders, - Manure - Manure
preparations planters and
Agricultural Agriculture, (For Agriculture, Weeders and planters Spreaders spreaders, for
Ag-tech nes (incl transplanters,
Products (Excl Horticulture or Horticulture or Hoes (For and trans- and Fertilizer agriculture/
supplemented for agriculture/
Tobacco and Forestry) Forestry) Agriculture, planters,for Distributors horticulture/
with antibiotics horticulture/
Processed Food Horticulture or agriculture/ forestry
and/ vitamins) forestry, nes
Prod-ucts) Forestry) hort/forestry
HS 843319 -
HS 843280
HS 843290 - Non-Powered HS 843320 - HS 843330 HS 843340 HS 843359
- Rollers, HS 843610
Parts For Rollers Mowers - For Other Mowers - Swathers, - Straw or - Forage
Stone-Removers - Machinery HS 843629 -
and Other Soil Lawns, Parks Nes (Including Windrowers Fodder Balers Harvesters
and Other Soil For Preparing Poultry-Keeping
Preparation or Sports Cutter Bars and Other (Including Pick- and Other
Preparation Animal Feeding Machinery Nes
or Cultivation Grounds - With For Tractor Hay-making Up Balers) Harvesting
or Cultivation Stuffs
Machinery Horizontal Mounting) Machinery Machinery Nes
Machinery
Cutting Device
HS 843880
HS 843680
HS 843242 - Other
- Other Agricul-
- Fertilizer Machinery For
tural, Horticul-
distributors, for The Industrial
tural, Forestry
agriculture/ Preparation of
and Bee-Keep-
horticulture/ Food and Bev-
ing Machinery
forestry erages (Incl Fish
Nes
Preparation)
Hs 284450
- spent
HS 840110 HS 840140 -
Small Modular (irradiated)
- Nuclear Parts of Nuclear
Reactor fuel elements
Reactors Reactors
(cartridges) of
nuclear reactors
HS 840290
HS 842382
Parts for
Waste HS 842381 -Other weighing
super-heated Hs 841780 - Hs 841790
management -Other weighing machinery
water boilers Non-Electric - Parts Of
and advanced HS 842220 machinery having a HS 842389 Hs 846291 -
and steam or Furnaces And Non-Electric
recycling - Machinery having a maximum -Other weighing Hydraulic Press- Hs 847290
other vapour Ovens - Other Industrial Or
technologies for cleaning or maximum weighing machinery es - For Working - Office
generation Industrial Or Laboratory
drying bottles or weighing capacity not elsewhere Metal Or Metal Machines, Nes
boilers (other Laboratory Nes Furnaces And
other containers capacity not exceeding specified Carbides
than centra (Incl Incinera- Ovens (Inc
exceeding 30kg but not
heating hot tors) Incinerators)
30 kg exceeding
water boilers)
5,000 kg
[HK]
59

Hs 847990 Hs 851410 - Hs 851420 - HS 854330
Hs 847989 - Hs 851490
- Parts Of Industrial And Indus-trial And - Machines
Waste Machines & - Parts Of
Ma-chines & Hs 850590 - Laboratory Laboratory elsewhere HS 901320 -
management Mechanical Industrial Or
Mechanical Electromagnets; Electric Electric specified & Lasers, other
and advanced Appliances, Laboratory
Appliances, Other, Including Resistance Induction Or apparatus for than laser
recycling Having Electric
Having Parts Heated Dielectric electroplating, diodes
technologies Individual Furnaces And
Individual Furnaces And Furnaces And electrolysis or
Functions, Nes Ovens Nes
Functions, Nes Ovens Ovens electrophoresis
Hs 731010
- Tanks,
Casks, Drums,
Cans, Boxes
And Similar
Containers, Hs 731029
Of Iron Or - Tanks,
Steel, For Any Casks, Drums,
Hs 392690 Hs 730900 Material, Of Cans, Boxes Hs 841350 -
Hs 460120 - Hs 560314 -
- Articles Of - Reservoirs, A Capacity And Similar Reciprocating HS 854390
Water efficiency Mats, Matting Nonwovens Hs 841320 -
Plastics, Nes & Tanks, Vats & Of >= 50 L Containers, Positive Parts for
and wastewater And Screens - Man-Made Hand Pumps
Art Of Other Sim Ctnr, Cap But =< 300 L, Of Iron Or Dis-placement 854389x. [Ca,
treatment Of Vegetable Filaments - Not Elsewhere
Mate-rials Of >300L,I O S (Ex Not Elsewhere Steel, For Any Pumps Not Ja, NZ, K, CT,
technologies Plaiting Weighing More Specified
Hds 39.01 To Liq/Compr Gas Specified (Excl. Material, Of Elsewhere Au]
Materials Than 150G/M2
39.14, Nes Type) Containers For A Capacity Specified
Compressed Or Of < 50 L, Not
Liquefied Gas , Elsewhere
Or Containers Specified
Fitted With
Mechanical
Or Thermal
Equipment,
Products)
HS 840290
HS 842382
Parts for
HS 842381 -Other weighing
super-heated Hs 841780 - Hs 841790
-Other weighing machinery
water boilers Non-Electric - Parts Of
HS 842220 machinery having a HS 842389 Hs 846291 -
and steam or Furnaces And Non-Electric
- Machinery having a maximum -Other weighing Hydraulic Press- Hs 847290
other vapour Ovens - Other Industrial Or
for cleaning or maximum weighing machinery es - For Working - Office
generation Industrial Or Laboratory
drying bottles or weighing capacity not elsewhere Metal Or Metal Machines, Nes
boilers (other Laboratory Nes Furnaces And
other containers capacity not exceeding specified Carbides
than centra (Incl Incinera- Ovens (Inc
exceeding 30kg but not
heating hot tors) Incinerators)
30 kg exceeding
water boilers)
5,000 kg
[HK]
60

Water efficiency HS 842121 HS 847982
and wastewater Water filter-ing Waste sorting,
treatment or purify-ing screening,
technologies [M] machinery crushing,
and appa-ratus. grinding,
[US, BD] shredding,
washing and
compacting
devices.
Agita-tor for
wastewater
treatment;
flash mixer and
flocculator. [Au]
Digitalization HS 901540 HS 901580 HS 901590 HS 902229 Hs 902590 Hs 902610 - Hs 902710 Hs 902720

- Photogramme- -Other instru- - Parts and Apparatus - Parts And Instruments And - Gas Or - Chromato-
terical surveying ments and acces-sories for based on the Accessories Apparatus For Smoke Analysis graphs And
instruments and appliances used instruments and use of alpha, For Use With Measuring Or Apparatus Electrophoresis
appliances in geodesy, appliances used beta, or gamma Measuring Checking The Instruments
topography, in geodesy, radiations, for Apparatus Flow Or Level
hydrography, topography, other uses Of Liquids
oceanography, photogrammet-
hydrology, rical surveying,
meteorology or hydrography,
geophysics oceanography,
hydrology,
meteorology or
geophysics, and
for rangefinders
not elsewhere
specified
Hs 902730 - Hs 902740 Hs 902780 Hs 903020 - Hs 903031 - HS 382200 HS 903149 HS 903180 HS 903190
Spectrometers, - Exposure Me- - Instruments Oscilloscopes Multimeters - Composite Other optical Other measur- - Parts and
Spectropho- ters (Photoeters) And Apparatus And diagnostic or instruments, ing or checking accessories
tometers And For Physical Oscillographs laboratory appliances instruments, (for nominated
Spectrographs Or Chemical reagents, not and machines appliances and articles of sub-
Using Optical Analysis, Nes elsewhere elsewhere machines heading 9031)
Radiations (Uv, specified specified for
Visible, Ir) measuring or
checking
HS 903210 HS 903220
Thermostats Manostats
61

Electrification HS 903039 HS 903083 HS 903089 HS 903090 HS 903281 HS 903289 HS 903290 HS 903300 Hs 850421 -
and grid Other - Other Other Parts and Hydraulic and Automatic Parts and - Parts and Liquid Dielectric
infrastructure instruments instruments instruments accessories pneumatic regulating or accessories accessories Transformers -
and apparatus, and apparatus and apparatus (for nominated instruments and controlling - automatic (not specified Power Handling
for measuring for measuring for measuring articles of apparatus instruments, regulating or or included Capacity Not
or checking or checking or checking subheading other controlling elsewhere in this Exceeding 650
voltage, current, electrical electrical 9030) instruments Chapter) Kva
resistance or quantities, with quantities
power, without a recording
a recording device
device
Hs 850422 - Hs 850423 - Hs 850431 Hs 850432 Hs 850433 Hs 850434 Hs 850490 Hs 853710 Hs 853720
Liquid Dielectric Liquid Dielectric - Electric Trans- - Electric Trans- - Electric - Electric - Parts Of - Boards - Boards
Trans-formers - Transformers - formers Nes - formers Nes - Transformers Transformers Electrical And Panels And Panels
Power Handling Power Handling Power Handling Power Handling Nes - Power Nes - Power Transformers, (Including (Including
Capacity 651- Capacity Capacity Not Capacity 2-16 Handling Handling Static Numerical Numerical
10,000 Kva Exceeding Exceeding 1 Kva Capacity 17- Capacity Converters And Control Panels) Control Panels)
10,000 Kva Kva 500 Kva Exceeding 500 Inductors - For Voltage - For Voltage
Kva Not Exceeding Exceeding
1,000 V 1,000 V
Hs 853590 Hs 853690 Hs 860110 - rail HS 860120 - HS 860310 - HS 870290 - HS 870390 - HS 871160 -

- Other - Other locomotives Rail Locomotives Self-Propelled Bus-es/Public Motor Vehicles Motorcycles,
Apparatus Nes Apparatus - For - powered - Powered Railway Cars Transport - Passenger with electric
- For Switching, Switching, by external By Batteries - Powered Passenger Transport - motor
Protecting Or Protecting Or electrical source (Accumulators) By External Vehicles - Other Other Nes
Connecting Connecting Electrical Nes
Electric Circuits Electric Circuits Source
- Exceeding - Not Exceeding
1,000 V 1,000 V
Sustainable Hs 271012 -
transportation Aviation fuels light oils and
fuel preparations
Renewable Hs 271129 -
natural gas petroleum or
hydrocarbon
gases in
gaseous state
(excluding
natural gas)
Sustainable fuel Biofuels Hs 220710 - HS 271020 HS 290511 HS 382600 - HS 440131

development undenatured - Petroleum - Methanol Biodiesel and - Saw-dust,
ethyl alcohol - Oils and Oils (Methyl Mixtures Wood Waste
alcohol strength Obtained from Alcohol) and Scrap
80per cent or Bituminous W/E or Not
higher Minerals, Agglomerated
Containing By in Logs,
Weight 70per Briquettes,
cent or More Pellets: Wood
of Oils Pellets
62

Energy High- Hs 841581 - Air Hs 841582 - Air Hs 841520 - Air Hs 732190 Hs 840390 Hs 841510 - Air Hs 841459 -
efficiency performance Conditioning Conditioning Conditioning - Parts For Non- - Parts For Conditioning Room, Table,
HVAC Machines (Air Machines (Air Machines (Air Electric Heating Central Heating Machines (Air Floor, Wall,
Conditioners) Conditioners) Conditioners) - Appliances Boilers (Other Conditioners) Window,
- With Valve - Incorporating Of A Kind Used Than Steam Or - Window Or Ceiling Or Roof
For Reversal Of A Refrigerating For Persons In Other Vapour Wall Types, Fans - Motor
Cooling/Heat Unit Motor Vehicles Generating Self-Contained With Output
Cycle Boilers) Exceeding
125W
Hs 732181 Hs 841583 - Air Hs 732219 - Hs 841590 Hs 841451 - HS 841919

- Other Conditioning Non-Electric - Parts Of Air Room, Table, Other
Non-Electric Machines (Air Radiators And Conditioning Floor, Wall, instantaneous
Appliances Conditioners) Parts Thereof - Machines (Air Window, or storage
Nes (Incl - Not Iron (Excl Cast Conditioners) Ceiling Or Roof water heaters,
Boilers) - Gas Incorporating Iron) Or Steel Fans - Motor nonelectric
Or Combination A Refrigerating With Output
Fuels - Iron Or Unit 125W Or Less
Steel
Energy Co-generation Hs 732182 HS 841950 Hs 840310 - Hs 732290 - Hs 732211 -

efficiency - Other Heat exchange Central Heating Non-Electric Non-Electric
Non-Electric units Boilers (Other Air Heaters, Hot Radiators And
Appliances Nes Than Steam Or Air Distributors Parts Thereof -
(Incl Boilers) Other Vapour And Similar Cast Iron
- Liquid Fuels - Generating Appliances Nes
Iron Or Steel Boilers) - Iron Or Steel
63
APPENDIX C
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65
66
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68
69
70
71
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73
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CED-2021 EnergyTransition Report

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What opportunities are identified for Alberta's participation in the energy transition?

What opportunities are identified for Alberta's participation in the energy transition?

What are the top priorities for Alberta to reach net zero?

What are the top priorities for Alberta to reach net zero?

November 2021

Project Lead on behalf of The Project Consortium:

DELPHI.ca | 428 Gilmour St | Ottawa ON | K2P 0R8 | T +1 613.562.2005

• Myrna Bittner, Runwithit Synthetics

• Ag-tech (the application of technology to farming operations

Of the opportunities, energy efficiency, digitalization, and

The pursuit of net zero emissions in Alberta is expected to

A low-carbon transformation of Alberta’s industries and economy

In tandem with strong and consistent climate policy and FDI,

Alberta’s large urban centers have a key role to play in supporting

In May 2021, Calgary Economic Development (CED) and

The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 involved painting

For the purpose of this study, energy transition cleantech included

• Ag-tech and agriculture

• Sustainable fuel development, including transportation fuels

• Waste management and advanced recycling technologies

• Water efficiency and wastewater treatment technologies

It is important to note that as the study progressed, several sub-

Renewable Energy Generation 121

Water Efficiency & Wastewater Treatment 59

Non-thermal use of Bitumen & Sustainable Bitumen Recovery 42

Methane Monitoring & Abatement 41

Ag-tech & Agriculture 38

Waste Management & Recycling Technologies 38

Sustainable & Alternative Materials 34

Sustainable Transportation Fuels 23

Carbon Capture, Utilization & Storage (CCUS) 13

Hydrogen Production & Utilization 12

Sustainable Fuels - RNG & Biogas 9

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) 0

An innovation ecosystem can be defined as a geographically Oil & Gas 71%

resources from elsewhere. Water &

The results of the bi-annual provincial cleantech pureplay venture Direct to

survey undertaken by Foresight Alberta offer some specific insights

could be hardware, software, or service. Ocean Industries 10%

• E nergy industry dominates customer markets, and Fisheries 1%

hardware-based innovation is more-common than

• Sector is maturing: Although nearly half of responding

• Access to Capital: Of the roughly 80 per cent of ventures who

Almost half of Alberta’s cleantech ventures were pre-revenue in

Primary barriers to commercialization reported by ventures include

Specific strengths or ‘connectedness’ differentiators within the

• Oil and Gas/Transition, (Blue) Hydrogen and CCUS: The

• Electricity and Utility Sector: The province’s ‘open market’

• Agriculture: With an on-farm agricultural carbon offset

Energy efficiency 3524

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000

Figure 2 – Direct Technology Jobs by Cleantech Sub-sector, Alberta 2020

-5.0% -1.2% -2.8%

FUTURE MARKET GROWTH ANALYSIS

For this analysis, the forecast was extrapolated out to 2050.

Cleantech Jobs Traditional Jobs

Cleantech vs Traditional GDP Growth to 2050, Alberta

Figure 6 2 - Cleantech vs. Traditional GDP growth in Alberta to 2050

The top 5 performing clean technology sub-sectors in terms of

• Ag-tech (the application of technology to farming operations

• Sustainable fuel development, including transportation fuels

• Waste management and advanced recycling technologies

• E nergy industry dominates customer markets, and Fisheries 1%

• Sector is maturing: Although nearly half of responding

• Access to Capital: Of the roughly 80 per cent of ventures who

• Oil and Gas/Transition, (Blue) Hydrogen and CCUS: The

• Electricity and Utility Sector: The province’s ‘open market’

• Agriculture: With an on-farm agricultural carbon offset

• P olicy drivers or barriers (5 per cent): Sub-sector specific

• Geothermal represents an opportunity to develop local

• Energy efficiency, digitalization, and electrification can be

• A targeted effort to upgrade the grid along with cutting-edge

• CCUS will be key to the decarbonization of Alberta’s energy