DIRECTION IAS

YEAR 1971
(a) Pir Panjal Range part of the western Punjab Himalayas, lying in northwestern India and northern Pakistan
and extending southeastward as Dhaula Dhar range Banihal pass is the strategically important pass in the
range. The Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel or Banihal railway tunnel is an 11.215 km railway tunnel located in Pir
Panjal Range of middle Himalayas in Jammu and Kashmir, India north of Banihal town
(b) Maikal Range, mountain range in Madhya Pradesh state, central India, running in a north-south direction and
forming the eastern base of the triangular Satpura Range. The Maikala Range consists of laterite-capped,
flat-topped plateaus.
(c) Cardamom Hills, mountainous area in southeastern Kerala state, southern India, forming part of the Western
Ghats range.The Cardamom Hills region produces tea, coffee, teak, and bamboo.
(d) Malwa Plateau, plateau in north central India, bounded by the Gujarat Plains on the west, the Vindhya
Range on the south, the Madhya Bharat Plateau and Bundelkhand Upland on the north, and the Vindhya
Range on the east. it is basaltic upland developed during cenozoic era.
(e) Sambhar Lake, salt lake, the largest lake in India, situated in east-central Rajasthan state, west of
Jaipur. About (230 square km) in area, it represents a depression of the Aravalli Range. It is referered
to be remanant of ancient Tethys sea.
(f) Chilka Lake, lagoon in eastern Orissa state, eastern India, separated from the Bay of Bengal by a
narrow spit. One of India’s largest lakes, Chilka was once a bay of the ocean until silted up by strong
monsoon tides.
(g) Chambal river, northern India. The Chambal is the chief tributary of the Yamuna and rises in the
Vindhya Range just south of Mhow, western Madhya Pradesh state. From its source it flows north into
southeastern Rajasthan state. The Banas, Kali Sindh, Sipra and Parbati are its chief tributaries.
(h) Penganga river of India which is the Second largest river in India It flows in the southern India and
is considered to be one of the seven sacred rivers. The river basin is known for its black alluvial soil.
(i) Tungabhadra river The Tungabhadra is a river of southern India. It is the chief tributary of the
Krishna River. It formed by the confluence of two rivers, the Tunga and the Bhadra, which rise in the
eastern slope of the Western Ghats, in the state of Karnataka. The Tungabhadra flows east across the
Deccan Plateau, joining the Krishna in Andhra Pradesh state, from where the Krishna continues east
to empty into the Bay of Bengal.
(j) Ranikhet,Ranikhet is a hill station and cantonment town in Almora district in Uttarakhand.Ranikhet
has an average elevation of 1,869 m (6,132 ft).
(k) Rann of Cutch, saline mudflats, west-central India. The Great Rann covers an area of about 7,000
square miles (18,000 square km) and lies almost entirely within Gujart state.
(l) Diu town, Daman and Diu union territory, western India. It is situated on an island in the Gulf of
Khambhat (Cambay) of the Arabian Sea, off the southern tip of the Kathiawar Peninsula in southeastern
Gujarat state. and Meghalaya.
(m) Areas with annual rainfall of over 300 cm, areas of sugar-cane production, centers manufacturing
locomotives and coaches, January isotherm of 20°C.

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(a) Port Blair,city and capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory, India, in the Bay of Bengal. The
city lies on the hilly southeastern coast of SouthAndaman Island.
(b) Kandla, town, northwestern Gujarat state, west-central India, a port on the Gulf of Kutch of the Arabian
Sea. The port was opened on Kandla’s natural deepwater harbour.
(c) Vishakhapatnam,city northeasternAndhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies on the Bay of Bengal, about
380 miles (612 km) northeast of Madras. Vishakhapatnam lies along a small bay, and its natural harbour is
formed by two promontories.
(d) Diamond Harbour,city, southeastern West Bengal state, northeastern India, on both sides of Hajipur Creek,
a tributary of the Hooghly River. It is an agricultural trade centre; rice milling is the chief industry. city, southeastern
West Bengal state.
(e) Dwarka,town, southwestern Gujarat state, west-central India. It lies on the western shore of the Okhamandal
Peninsula, a small western extension of the Kathiawar Peninsula. It is Known cement industrial centre based
on oceanic sekeloton.
(f) Jharia, city and coalfield in Jharkhand Bihar state, eastern India. The coalfield lies in the Damodar Valley.
(g) Digboi, in Assam is an oil town that can be traced to the early 18th century, when oil was first discovered
here and the world’s oldest, crude oil producing regions.
(h) Kota, district, Rajasthan state, northwestern India, just east of the Chambal River.The Mokandarra
hills run from southeast to northwest. Jowar (sorghum) wheat, gram, corn (maize), cotton, and rice
are the chief crops.
(i) Ranchi, city, capital of Jharkhand state, northeastern India, lying along the Subarnarekha River. Ranchi
is situated on the Ranchi plateau of the Chota Nagpur Plateau system, with lofty flat-topped hills
(pats) in the northwest.
(j) Leh,town, eastern Jammu and Kashmir state, in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent.Leh is
one of the highest permanently inhabited towns in the world. The town is located in the lofty,
mountainous region known as the “roof of the world.”
(k) Buckingham Canal, region of deep black soil, air route between Delhi and Trivandrum with intermediate
air-ports, prevailing winds over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal in July.
(l) Panchet hill, The Damodar Valley Corporation, which began work in 1948, constructed four
multipurpose dams to form a seriesof reservoirs—Tilaiya, Maithon, Konar, and Panchet Hill. This
dam is constructed on River Damodar at the inter state boundary between jharkhand and West Bengal.

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(a) Mussoorie,city, northern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. It is situated about 20 miles (32 km) north of
Dehra Dun on the Mussouries hills of Himachal Range. Doon Valley and Shiwalik ranges in the south, the
town was once said to present a ‘fairyland’atmosphere to tourists. The highest point is Lal Tibba with a height
of over 2,290 metres.

(b) Bomdila,is the headquarters of West Kameng district located at the height of 8500 ft above the sea level.
Bomdila has an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of
75% and female literacy of 63%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is inhabited by the Monpa,
Sherdukpen, Miji and Aka tribes. It also marks prevelance of the Arunachal Pradesh pass Bomdial.

(c) Panna, city, northern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. There are important diamond mines located in
Panna,Panna has a tiger reserve which is called Panna National Park.

(d) Bokaro,Bokaro Steel City city and metropolitan area, north-central Jharkhand state, northeastern
India. It lies along the Damodar River, Located in the core sector industrial region ,It is also coal
extraction centre.

(e) Trombay, The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre is India’s premier nuclear research and development
center. The Atomic Energy Establishment,in Trombay.

(f) Pimpri, Pimpri-Chinchwad is a twin city of Pune, India. It hosts one of the biggest industrial areas in Asia.
The city is home to the companies like BajajAuto, Telco, Kinetic, and Bajaj Tempo. The city is also home to
India’s premier antibiotics research institute HindustanAntibiotics Limited.

(g) UpperYamuna Canal Located in Rohulkhand plains of UP. This canal sustains major irrigation projects of
the region.

(h) Kolar, city, southeastern Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India. It lies on a Southern Railway
spur that loops from Bangarapet to Bangalore. Economic activities centre on the goldfields.

(i) Paradeep, town and major port of east-central Orissa state, eastern India, on the Bay of Bengal. It is
situated on the delta of the Mahanadi River at the mouth of one of its branches.Rrominent port city of
the east coast. Phosphate Ltd, leading fertilizer plant is located.

(j) Kavaratti ,town and island, capital of Lakshadweep union territory, India. Kavaratti lies in the Arabian
Sea about 215 miles (346 km) west-southwest of Calicut and the Malabar Coast of southern India.

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(a) Abu, also called Mount Abu, city, southwestern Rajasthan state, northwestern India. The only hill
station in Rajasthan, Mount Abu huddles among the rocks on a 1,220-m granite table mountain at the
far southwestern end of the Aravalli hills.

(b) Amritsar, city, northern Punjab state, northwestern India. It lies about 15 miles (25 km) east of the
border with Pakistan. Amritsar is a centre for the textile and chemical industries and also engages in
food milling and processing, silk weaving, tanning, canning, and the manufacture of machinery.

(c) Darjeeling, town, extreme northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. The town is situated on a
long, narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to the bed of the Great
Rangit River.It is known for its tea production.

(d) Nasik, town northwestern Maharashtra state, western India. The area in which Nasik is situated is
drained by the Girna and Godavari rivers, which flow through open, fertile valleys.

(e) Porbandar, town, Junagadh district, Gujarat state, west central India, on the Arabian Sea. The city is
textile and cement industry centre.

(f) Vellore, city, northern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. Vellore lies along the Palar River,southwest
of Chennai. cigar and bell-metal manufactures.

(g) Konarak, Kanarak historic village, east-central Orissa state, eastern India, on the Bay of Bengal coast
The Konark temple (Black Pongda) is widely known not only for its architectural grandeur but also
for the intricacy and profusion of sculptural work.

(i) Kodaikanal, town, Madurai district,Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India,Kodaikanal is one of the
most popular hill resorts in India.

(j) Jog falls, also called Gersoppa Falls, cataract of the Sharavati River, western Karnataka state,
southwestern India. The Jog Falls are located (29 km) upstream from Honavar at the river’s mouth on
the Arabian Sea. As it plunges (253 m) into a chasm, the river splits into four cascades known as the
Raja, or Horseshoe; Roarer; Rani and Rocket.

(k) Areas of over 400 cms of rainfall, prevailing winds in July, January isotherm of 200C, areas of red
and yellow soil and air route between Gauhati and Trivandrum with two intermediate air-ports.

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(a) Tuticorin, town, southern Tamil Nadu state, southern India. The town lies on the Gulf of Mannar.One of the
major ports of India, it can receive vessels with drafts of up to 27 feet (8.24 m). It handles a large volume of
coal traffic, as well as trade with Sri Lanka.

(b) Mangalore,town, administrative headquarters of Dakshin Kannad district, southwestern Karnataka (formerly
Mysore) state, southern India, a port on the Arabian Sea. Lying on the backwaters formed by the Netravati
and Gurpur rivers.

(c) Aurangabad, town, west-central Maharashtra state, western India, on the Kaum River. Aurangabad is
known for its artistic silk fabrics, particularly shawls.

(d) Moradabad, city, administrative headquarters of Moradabad district, Uttar Pradesh state, northern India,
on a ridge along the Ramganga River.Moradabad is famous for its brass work.

(e) Ludhiana,city, central Punjab state, northwestern India.The city’s largest industry is hosiery manufacturing.
The city stands on the Sutlej River’s old bank, 13 km south of its present course. It is a major industrial center
of northern India.

(f) Gangtok, town, capital of Sikkim state, northeastern India. It lies at an elevation of 5,600 feet . The town
(the name of which means “top of the hill”) rises over slopes extensively terraced in corn (maize).Gangtok
rose to prominence as a popular Buddhist pilgrimage site after the construction of the Enchey Monastery in
1840. In 1894, the ruling Sikkimese Chogyal, Thutob Namgyal, transferred the capital to Gangtok. In the
early 20th century, Gangtok became a major stopover on the trade route between Lhasa in Tibet and cities
such as Kolkata (then Calcutta) in British India.

(g) Almora, town, Uttarakhand state, northern India. It lies on a ridge of the Himalayan foothills Kumaun.
Almora is a town in the shape of a horse shoe. It is on a 5 km long mountain range. It has its own
historical, cultural and political importance.

(h) Shimla, Situated in the north-West Himalayas, Shimla the summer capital of India before independence
is now the capital of Himachal Pradesh. The city is famous for its buildings styled in tudorbe than and
neo-gothic architecture dating from the colonial era. Shimla is connected to the city of Kalka by one
of the longest narrow gauge railway routes still operating in India, the Kalka-Shimla Railway.

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(a) Marmagoa, City of Goa. It is one of major port city of India in the west coast. Marmagoa was the site that
was first chosen to be the capital of the Portuguese Empire. Mormugao port has contributed immensely to
growth of maritime trade in India. It is the leading iron ore exporting port of India.

(b) Port Blair,city and capital of Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory, India, in the Bay of Bengal. The
city lies on the hilly southeastern coast of SouthAndaman Island.

(b) Ajmer, city, central Rajasthan state, northwestern India. The city is on the lower slopes of Taragarh Hill,
Ajmer is known for its handicrafts and cloth weaving and dyeing. It is situated almost in the heart of the state
of Rajasthan. To the north of the city is a large artificial lake, calledAnasagar, adorned with a marble structure
called Baradari.

(c) The Luni,river in Rajasthan state, western India. Rising on the western slopes of the Aravalli Range near
Ajmer town, the Luni is the only major river of the area, and it serves as an essential source of irrigation
waters.

(d) The Kosi,river in Nepal and northern India. With its tributaries,Kosi is joined by several major tributaries
andbreaks southward through the Siwalik Hills at the narrow Chatra Gorge. The river then emerges on the
great plain of northern India in Bihar state on its way to the Ganges River.

(e) Maikal Range mountain range in Madhya Pradesh state, central India, running in a north-south direction
and forming the eastern base of the triangular Satpura Range. The Maikala Range consists of laterite-
capped, flat-topped plateaus.Vegetation varies from grass and thorny trees to deciduous trees such as teak
and sal (Shorea).

(f) The Cardamom Hills,mountainous area in southeastern Kerala state, southern India, forming part of the
Western Ghats range.Cardamom Hills region produces tea, coffee, teak, and bamboo.

(g) Samastipur, city, northern Bihar state, northeastern India. It is situated on the banks of Budhi Gandak and
Ganges River. Samastipur is rich in agriculture because of its fertile plain. Tobacco, chilli, turmeric, beetle leaf
(Paan), maize, rice and wheat are the main crops. Leechi and mango fruits are grown in abundance.

(i) Sriharikota,is an island in the Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh State, lies along the east of Pulicat Lake.
Sriharikota Launching Range is developed into the most important center, with test, assembly and launch
facilities for large multi-stage rockets and satellite launchers, and tracking, telemetry and tele-command stations
for Indian spacecraft.

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(a) Thanjavar, The town of Thanjavur was the seat of the glorious Chola Empire of Tamilnadu.The
diffusion of HYV of seeds has made one of it the prominent rice producting region of Tamil Nadu.
(b) Kavaratti, town and island, capital of Lakshadweep union territory, India. Kavaratti lies in the Arabian
Sea about (346 km) west-southwest of Calicut and the Malabar Coast of southern India.
(c) Kandla, town, northwestern Gujarat state, west-central India, a port on the Gulf of Kutch of the
Arabian Sea. The port was opened on Kandla’s natural deepwater harbour.Kandla’s It has largest
share of commodity movements.
(e) Capital of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar is the capital of Arunachal Pradesh. Itanagar is situated at
the foothills of Himalayas.

(f) Mamlapuram, Mahabalipuram, derived from ‘Mamallapuram’ is a town in Kancheepuram district

in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It has an average elevation of 12 metres .Mahabalipuram was a 7 th
century port city of the South Indian dynasty of the Pallavas around 60 km south from the city of
Chennai in Tamil Nadu. The name Mamallapuram is believed to have been given after the Pallava
king Narasimhavarman I, who took on the epithet Maha-malla (great wrestler), as the favourite sport
of the Pallavas was wrestling. It has various historic monuments built largely between the 7th and the
9th centuries, and has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

(g) The Sabarmati, River about (440 km) north of Mumbai. The old city lies east of the river, while
newer sections lie along the west bank. It has developed one of the large river basins of india and
substantially contributes in the alluvial plain development of Gujrat.
(h) The Vembanad Lake, one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia, is 12km west from Kottayam.
Kottayam is a vast network of rivers and canals, which empty into the great expanse of water called
Vembanad Lake.
( i) The Little Rann,of Kachchh extends northeast from the Gulf of Kachchh and occupies about 2,000
square miles(5,100 square km) in Gujarat state. It is the mouth of Machhu saraswati and Banas river.
( j) Pamban is a town in the Rameswaram taluk of Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu. It is located at
the western edge of Pamban Island and is a popular fishing port. The town gives its name to the whole
island. Pamban railway station is the first station on the island for pilgrims travelling to Rameswaram.
(k) Farakka ,is a barrage across the Ganges River, located in the Indian state of West Bengal, roughly
16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) from the border with Bangladesh near Chapai Nawabganj District. The
Barrage serves water to the Farakka Super Thermal Power Station.

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(a) The air route between Srinagar and Madras with intermediate air ports

(b) The Ghaggar, river, northern India. The Ghaggar rises in the Siwalik Range, northwestern Himachal Pradesh

state, and flows about (320 km) southwest through Haryana state, where it receives the Saraswati River. It

eventually loses itselfin the sands of the Thar Desert. Just southwest of Sirsa it feeds two irrigation canals that

extend into Rajasthan.

(c) Gir Range, low mountain range in western Gujarat state, west-central India, on the southern Kathiawar

Peninsula.The Gir Forest National Park, famous for its Asiatic lion, is located in the region.

(d) The Vaigai, river in Tamil Nadu state, southern India,flowing (240 km) generally southeast. Rising in

the Varushanad Hills of western Tamil Nadu.

(e) Rajmahal Hills, east-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies west of the Ganges River. The

town is located in the Rajmahal Hills, which run north–south for (190 km) from the Ganges River

almost to Dumka.

(f) Ghaziabad, town, administrative headquarters of Ghaziabad district, Uttar Pradesh state, northern

India. Ghaziabad forms the excellent suburb in NCR . Manufacturing and processing industries are

though also available.

(g) Bhilai Nagar town and major industrial centre, southeastern Chattisgarh state, central India, in the

Chhattisgaah plain.Bhilai Nagar plant to manufacture rails and structural steel and Pig iron

(i) Katni , town, Madhya Pradesh state, central India, just south of the Katni River. Major industries

include rice and flour milling, fuller’s-earth processing.

(j) Ellora,Ellora caves lay in the lap of the Chamadari hills extending over a mile and a quarter in the

north-south direction and are situated 18 miles northwest of Aurangabad.

(k) Ahmadnagar, town, west-central Maharashtra state, western India. It lies along the Sina River,

Agriculture is the mainstay of the surrounding area. Agro processing industries cotton and paper also

important.

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(a) The mean annual Isohyet of 100 cm. Isohyet - A line drawn on a map connecting points that receive equal

amounts of rainfall isohyet.

(b) The regions of Regur (black cotton) soils, Black soils, also called regur or black-cotton soil, are spread

mostly across the Deccan Lava Plateau, the Malwa Plateau, and interior Gujarat, where there is both moderate

rainfall and underlying basaltic rock.

(c) The four most important centers for the manufacture of iron and steel,Bhilai, Rourkela , Jamsedpur

Durgapur IISCO Steel Plant of SteelAuthority of India Limited (SAIL) is located at Burnpur, nearAsansol.The

programme envisages the installation of state-of-the-art environment-friendly and energy-efficient steel making

technology. It will help ISP multiply its crude steel production capacity from the present 0.5 million tonnes to

2.5 million tonnes by the year 2010.

(d) Four of the most vulnerable tracts of India likely to be inundated by cyclonic storms.

(e) Morvi, town, Rajkot district, Gujarat state, west central India, in the lowlands of the Kathiawar

Peninsula, south of the Little Rann of Kutch.It is on NH 8-A and forms the cotton processing centre

(f) Kalpakkam, Kalpakkam is situated about 80 km south of Chennai.Atomic Research , the second

largest establishment of the Department of Atomic Energy next to Bhabha Atomic Research Centre,

(g) Sriharikota,is an island in the Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh State, lies along the east of Pulicat

Lake. Sriharikota Launching Range is developed into the most important center with test, assembly

and launch facilities for large multi-stage rockets and satellite launchers, and tracking, telemetry and

tele-command stations for Indian spacecraft.

(h) Black soil Region Black soil are well developed in the Deccan lava region of Maharashtra, Black Soil
in India Saline Soils - Saline soils develop in the coastal plains of Kerala and Orissa.

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(a) Aksai Chin, It is the high altitudinal abladed plain of Jammu and Kashmir is one of the two main border
disputes between India and China, the other being Arunachal Pradesh. Sometimes called the “White Desert”.
(b) Banihal Pass,pass in the Pir Panjal Range in the Indian-held sector of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in the
northern part of the Indian subcontinent. Banihal—a name that in Kashmir means “blizzard”It is known for
Jawahar tunnel on NH 1A that interconnects Jammu & Srinagar.
(c) Shimla Shimla is located in the north-western ranges of the Himalayas. At an average altitude of
2397.59 meters above mean sea level, the city is spread on a ridge and its seven spurs. The city
stretches nearly 9.2 km from east to west. The highest point in Shimla, at 2454 meters (8051 ft), is the
Jakhoo hill. Shimla is a Zone IV (High Damage Risk Zone) per the Earthquake hazard zoning of
India. Weak construction techniques and increasing population pose a serious threat to the already
earthquake prone region.
(d) The regions with the highest variability of rainfall (more than 15%) from year to year; Great
Indian Desert.
(e) The regions of rubber and tea cultivation
(f) Jog (Gersoppa), also called GersoppaFalls, cataract of the Sharavati River, western Karnataka state,
southwestern India. The Jog Falls are located (29 km) upstream from Honavar at the river’s mouth on
the Arabian Sea. As it plunges (253 m) into a chasm, the river splits into four cascades known as the
Raja, or Horseshoe.
(g) Ellora, Ellora caves lay in the lap of the Chamadari hills extending over a mile and a quarter in the north-south
direction and are situated 18 miles northwest of Aurangabad.
(h) Pachmarhi,Pachmarhi is Madhya Pradesh’s ,Pachmarhi is also an archaeological treasure-house. In cave
shelters in the Mahadeo Hills is an astonishing richness in rock paintings.It includes the highest peak of satpura
Dhupgarh(1350mts.)
(i) Thalghat,It is the northern most pass of western Ghats ,designated to be gate ways of Mumbai it avails the
low lying passage between Mumbai and Nasik.
(j) River sharavati river in western Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India, rising in the Western
Ghats and flowing for 60 miles (95 km) in a northwesterly direction to the Arabian Sea at Honavar.
(k) Kudermukh, Iron Ore the mine is located in the Western Ghats of Karnataka State It owes high crystalline
strata characterish is Port facilities at Mangalore, also in Karnataka.
(l) Neyveli, is a mining and power generation township in Cuddalore district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
The township was developed after mining of lignite started under the Neyveli Lignite Corporation (NLC) in
1956. basic industries on which Neyveli thrives are the lignite mines (I, II, IA) and thermal power stations (I,II
& I-Extn.). One of the largest ‘open-cast’mines, with very large machinery, the lignite mines is an engineering
marvel.

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(a) Bhadravathi city, central Karnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India. It lies along the Bhadra
River, near the Baba Budan Range. The proximity of iron, manganese, and limestone deposits, along
with the Bhadra hydropower project, have made the site an ideal location for steelmaking and other
industrial enterprises.
(b) Khandwa gap, southwestern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. Located on the major roads leading
from northern India to the Deccan region.
(c) Kalpakkam, The Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR) at Kalpakkam, about 70 km
from here, has been awarded the ISO 9001-2000 certification for the design and development of fast
breeder reactors.
(d) River Damodar, river in northeastern India, rising withits many tributaries, notably the Bokaro and
Konar, in the Chota Nagpurplateau of south-central Bihar state. It follows a generally eastward course
for 368 miles (592 km) through West Bengal to join the Hooghly River southwest of Calcutta.
(e) McMahon Line is a line agreed to by Great Britain and Tibet as part of Simla Accord, a treaty signed
in 1914. Although its legal status is disputed, it is the effective boundary between China and India.
(f) Shivanasamudra Falls is the second biggest waterfall in India and the sixteenth largest in the world.
Shivanasamudra Falls was formerly known as the Kaveri Falls. River Kaveri divides into two branches
and each branch cascades down rocky cliffs as the Gaganachukki and the Bharachukki, both are one
km away from each other. These spectacular waterfalls are surrounded by hill forests of the Kaveri
Wildlife Sanctuary.

(g) Sriharikota is a barrier island off the coast of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh in India. It houses
India’s only satellite launch centre in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (also known as SHAR) and is
used by the Indian Space Research Organisation to launch satellites using multi-stage rockets such as
the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle. Sriharikota
separates the Pulicat Lake from the Bay of Bengal, and is home to the town of Pulicat. It is in Sri
Amarajeevi Potti Sri Ramulu Nellore district in Andhra Pradesh.
(h) Chukka project, Hydro electric project the first important hydroelectric project of Bhutan was
undertaken with India assistance and finance. The Chukka project with an installed capacity of 336
MV.
(i) 100 cm (40) annual isohyet, contour line (also isoline or isarithm) of a function of two variables is a
curve along which the function has a constant value. In cartography, a contour line (often just called
a “contour”) joins points of equal elevation (height) above a given level, such as mean sea level.
(j) Barauni. Indian Oil Corporation refinery at Barauni in Bihar. It is also the fertilizer plant of HFCL
Barauni Refinery was initially designed to process low sulphur crude oil (sweet crude) of Assam.
After establishment of other refineries in the Northeast, Assam crude is unavailable for this refinery.
Hence, sweet crude is being sourced from African, South East Asian and Middle East countries. The
refinery receives crude oil by pipeline from Paradip on the east coast via Haldia.

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(a) Pir Panjal Range is a range of mountains that form a part of the Middle Himalayas across the two
states of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh in India. The well known hill-stations of Gulmarg
and Pahalgam are present in this range. Pir Panjal is the largest range of the lower Himalayas. Near
the bank of the Sutlej river, it dissociates itself from the Himalayas and forms a divide between the
rivers Beas and Ravi on one side and the Chenab on the other.

(b) Luni is a river of western Rajasthan state, India. It originates in the Pushkar valley of the Aravalli
Range, near Ajmer. The river then flows in the southwest direction through the hills and plains of the
Marwar region in Rajasthan. It finally ends up in the marshy land of Rann of Kutch. The river and its
tributaries flow through the western slopes of the Aravalli Range. The river has a total catchment
area of 37,363 square kilometers. It covers parts of Ajmer, Pali, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Barmer, Jalore and
Sirohi districts and Mithavirana Vav Radhanpur region of Banaskantha North Gujarat.

(c) Farakka Barrage, is a barrage across the Ganges River, located in the Indian state of West Bengal,
roughly 16.5 kilometres (10.3 mi) from the border with Bangladesh near Chapai Nawabganj District.
Construction was started in 1961 and completed in 1975. Operations began on April 21, 1975. The
barrage is about 2,240 metres (7,350 ft) long. The feeder canal from the barrage to the Bhagirathi-
Hooghly River is about 25 miles (40 km) long.

(d) Bombay High is an offshore oilfield 160 km off the coast of Mumbai it supplies 14% of India’s oil
requirement and accounts for about 38% of all domestic production. The oil operations are run by
India’s Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).

(e) Neyveli is a mining and power-generation township in the district of Cuddalore, in Tamil Nadu, The
Neyveli Lignite Corporation is a public sector company operating out of Neyveli. A large percentage
of the thermal electricity generated in Tamil Nadu comes from the power plants in Neyveli, more
than 2500 megawatts.

(f) Gangtok is the capital and largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim. It is situated in the lower
Himalayas, At 5800 ft, Gangtok offers panoramic views of the Himalayas. mainstream of the Tourism
Industry. These two rivers divide the natural drainage into two parts, the eastern and western parts.
Both the streams meet the Ranipul and flow south as the main Ranikhola before it joins the Teesta at
Singtam.

(g) Cyclones affect Bay of Bengal both the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. They are rare in Bay of
Bengal from January to March. Isolated ones forming in the South Bay of Bengal move west north
westwards and hit Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka coasts.

(h) Air route Varanasi to Bangalore

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(a) Pre-Cambrian A considerable area of peninsular India consists of gneisses and schists, which are
the oldest rocks found in India. The Pre-Cambrian rocks of India have been classified into two
systems, namely the Dharwar system and the Archaean system.

(b) Mikir Hills are a group of hills located to the south of the Kaziranga National Park. It is part of the
Karbi Anglong plateau. regarded as the north-eastern corner of the Indian Shield separated by the
Rangpur Saddle. In the northeast of the Shillong Plateau .It facilitates significant orographic barrier
for SW Monsoonal winds.

(c) Banihal pass, at an altitude of 2832 metres above the sea level, lies in the Pirpanjal range. The
Pripanjal range separates the Kashmir valley of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir from the
outer Himalaya. Banihal pass remains snow covered during the winter, and Jawahar tunnel,facilitates
year round movements of traffic.

(d) Mangrove forest; Presently-shrank to an area of 8373 km², of which 4264 km² occur in India,
Mangrove forests are one of the most important coastal ecosystem in the world in terms of primary
production and coastal protection. Distributed in the tropical and sub tropical regions, mangroves
reach their maximum development and greatest luxuriance in Southeast Asia.

(e) Coffee production area under laterite soil and moist conditions makes Coorg and Chick-Manglur
of Karnataka coffee producing region.

(f) Ara (Arrah) is a town in India, located 36 miles from Patna, in the state of Bihar. Arrah is known
for a battle (Battle of Buxar) during the British occupation of India.

(g) Tarapur, Maharashtra Tarapur nuclear power station houses two Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
with 160 MW capacity each, the first in Asia and recent two Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors
(PHWR) with 540 MW capacity each.

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(a) Anaimalai Hills, located in Tamil Nadu state, India, constitute the meeting point of the Western Ghats and
the Eastern Ghats. The highest peak of the Anaimalai Hills is Anamudi, (2,695 meters located in the Idukki
district of Kerala. It is the highest peak in India, south of the Himalayas. To the north, Palghat Gap divides the
Western Ghats. The lower slopes of hills now have coffee and tea plantations as well as teak forests of great
economic value. The Western Ghats, Anamalai Sub-Cluster, including the Anaimalai Hills, is under consider
ation by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.
(b) Karakoram Pass (18250 ft) lies in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The highest pass on the
ancient caravan route between Leh, Ladakh and Yarkand in the Tarim Basin. To the south was the barren and
feared three days' march across the Depsang Plains at about 5,300 m .
(c) Damodar, river in northeastern India, rising withits many tributaries, notably the Bokaro and Konar, in the
Chota Nagpurplateau of south-central Bihar state. It follows a generally eastward course for 368 miles (592
km) through West Bengal to join the Hooghly River southwest of Calcutta.It is the most industrialised rivers.
(d) India tropical wet evergreen forest area Tree diversity and distribution in undisturbed and human-
impacted sites of tropical wet evergreen forest in southern Western Ghats, India
(e) Bhakra dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, and is near the border between Punjab and
Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam, located at a gorge near the (now submerged) upstream Bhakra
village in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh, is Asia's second highest at 225.55 m high next to the
261m Tehri Dam also in India. The length of the dam (measured from the road above it) is 518.25 m; it is
9.1 m broad. Its reservoir, known as the "Gobind Sagar", stores up to 9340 million cu m of water, enough to
drain the whole of Chandigarh, parts of Haryana, Punjab and Delhi. The 90 km long reservoir created by the
Bhakra Dam is spread over an area of 168.35 km2.
(f) Kohima is the hilly capital of India’s north eastern border state of Nagaland which shares its borders with
Burma. It lies in Kohima District and is also one of the three Nagaland towns with Municipal council status
alongwith Dimapur and Mokokchung.
(g) Ankleshwar or Anklesvar is a town in Gujarat state of India. The city is located approximately ten kilome
ters from Bharuch in Bharuch District. Ankleshwar is the hub of the industrial activity. Ankleshwar is fast
emerging as a site for infrastructure projects in the west coast of India.

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(a) Rajasthan (indira) Canal. The Indira Gandhi Canal is one of the biggest canal projects in India. It
starts from the Harike Barrage at Sultanpur, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Sutlej and
Beas rivers in Punjab state.a view of Rajasthan canal near Fakarsar village(Punjab)It runs south-
southwest in Punjab and Haryana but mainly in Rajasthan for a total of 650 kilometers and ends near
at Ramgarh, near Jaisalmer, in Rajasthan. Kanwar Sain the Chief engineer of Bikaner state was the
first to come up the idea of the canal. It uses water released from the Pong dam and provides irrigation
facilities to the north-western region of Rajasthan, a part of the Thar Desert. It consists of the Rajasthan
feeder canal (with the first 167 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan)
and 445 km of the Rajasthan main canal which is entirely within Rajasthan.

(b) Bombay High Gas and oil production from India‘s largest offshore field Development of Bombay
High has been carried out in four initial phases which have established oil and gas production in the
northern sector of the field.

(c) Gandhinagar Gandhinagar, named after the father of the Nation is the new capital city, of Gujarat,
on the banks of the Sabarmati River and is about 32 kms. from Ahmedabad. It is the second planned
city in India after Chandigarh and presents a spacious, well-organized look of an architecturally
integrated city.

(d) Areas receiving more than 200 cm of annual rainfall

(e) Palk Strait bay separating the state of Tamil Nadu, southern India, on the northwest, from Sri Lanka
on the southeast, at a width of between 24 and 140 km. The strait is incompletely separated from the
Gulf of Mannar to the south by a group of islands, known as Adams Bridge, stretching between the
two land masses.

(f) Pradip Port major port of east-central Orissa state, eastern India, on the Bay of Bengal. It is situated
on the delta of the Mahanadi River at the mouth of one of its branches. Paradip, India’s second
largest port on the east coast of India.

(g) Tropic of Cancer. The Tropic of Cancer currently (Epoch 2011) lies 23° 262 163 north of the
Equator.

(h) Mettur Dam One of the largest of its kind in the world. It was completed in 1934. The total length of
the dam is 1700 meters. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large. The dam, the
park, the major Hydro Electric power stations and hills on all sides make Mettur a good tourist
attraction.

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(a) Siwalik Hills (are the southernmost and geologically youngest foothills running parallel to the main Himalayas.
The Siwalik is a relatively low-altitude mountain range cresting at 900 to 1,200 meters. They extend 1,600 km
from the Teesta River in Sikkim, westward through Nepal and Uttaranchal, continuing into Jammu and Kashmir.

(b) Haldia is a major seaport in Midnapore District of West Bengal state, India, located approximately 50
kilometers southwest of Calcutta near the mouth of the Hooghly River, one of the distributaries of the Ganges.The
port has attracted Major International Petrochemicals Companies, like Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation (MCC).
Mitsubishi Chemicals has the Second Largest Terephthalic Acid Producing Plant in Haldia.

(c) Mizoram capitalAizol is one of the Seven Sister States in North-Eastern India on the border with Burma.
Mizoram, the land of the blue mountains. It is the highest in Urbanization and development among the north
eastern states.The biggest river in Mizoram is Chhimtuipui, also known as Kaladan. The Palak lake, the biggest
in Mizoram is situated in Saiha District which is part of southern Mizoram.

(d) Chandigarh the capital of two states: Punjab and HaryanaChandigarh has two satellite cities (both of
which share a border with it): Panchkula and Mohali. Sometimes, the triangle of these three cities is collectively
called as the Chandigarh Tricity.
(e) Farakka Barrage, completed in 1974, at the mouth of the Ganges river, The Farakka barrage is a low
height dam, constructed mainly to divert water of Ganga to Hooghly .
(f) HBJ pipeline originates from Hazira in Gujarat, traverses via Bijapur of Madhya Pradesh to Jagdishpur
of Uttar Pradesh. It is the gas pipeline sustaining fertilizer plant in Anola Bathinda and Panipat.

(g) Kanyakumari is a town and a cape at the southernmost tip of the Indian peninsula. It is located in the
state of Tamil Nadu. The closest major city is Thiruvananthapuram, the capital of Kerala.

(h) Mahanadi River is a river in eastern India. It’s one of the longest rivers in India and drains a substantial part
of peninsular India. The Mahanadi rises on the Amarkantak plateau in central India in Chhatishgarh and flows
east to the Bay of Bengal. The Mahanadi river system drains most of the state of Chhattisgarh, much of Orissa,
and portions of Jharkhand and Maharashtra. It has a length of about 860 km.

(i) Doddabetta is the highest mountain in The Nilgiris, at 2623 meters. It is a popular tourist attraction, and
is about 8 km from Udagamandalam. In the Nilgiris plateau Doddabetta is highest peak of the Nilgiris district
remarkable for the flattened curve of its summit. Sholas cover the hollows of its slopes. Slightly stunted,
rhododendron trees, in the midst of thick coarse grass, flowering sub-elphine shrubs and herbs are common,
even very near the peak.

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(a) Kodaikanal is a hill station on the southern tip of the upper Palani Hills in Dindigul District of the state of
Tamil Nadu in southern India. These hills form the eastward spur of the Western Ghats on the Western side of
South India. It has an irregular basin as its heartland, the centre of which is now Kodaikanal Lake a 5
kilometres circumference manmade lake. On the west is a plateau eading to Manjampatti Valley, Indira
Gandhi National Park, the Anamalai Hills and the main body of the Western Ghats.
(b) Bhubaneswar is the capital of Orissa. is also popularly known as the “Temple City of India. Bhubaneswar is
situated in the eastern coastal plains of Odisha and south-west of the Mahanadi River. The city is subdivided
into a number of townships and housings. The city has a tropical climate, specifically a tropical wet and dry
climate. The largest city of Odisha, Bhubaneswar today is a center of economic and religious importance in
the region.
(c) Kaveri River The river originates in the Western Ghats range of Karnataka state, flows through Karnataka
and Tamil Nadu across the southern Deccan plateau and then the southeastern lowlands, and finally empties
into the Bay of Bengal. The source of the river is considered to be Talakaveri, located in the Western Ghats at
4187 feet above sea level.
(d) Aravali Range is a range of mountains in western India running approximately 300 miles north east-south
west across Rajasthan state. The northern end of the range continues as isolated hills and rocky ridges into
Haryana state, ending near Delhi. The highest peak is Guru Shikhar in Mount Abu.
(e) Hirakud Dam is built across river Mahanadi at about 15 km from Sambalpur town India. This happens to be
the first post-independence major multipurpose river valley project in India. Hirakud Dam is a composite
structure of earth and concrete.
(f) Shipkila pass connects Namgya-Kinnaur in Himachal Pradesh .It is gate way of Satlej in India. Shipkila is a
border post on the India-China border. The pass is India’s third border post for trade with China after
Nathula in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in Uttaranchal. It is known as gate way of Satlej.
(g) Bharatpur in district of Rajasthan. Best known for it’s bird sanctuary, the Keoladeo Ghana National Park.
Being a UNESCO's World Heritage Site.
(h) Digboi inAssam is an oil town that can be traced to the early 18th century, when oil was first discovered here.
Digboi can proudly boast of two unique features: a 100-year-old extant oilfield and the world’s oldest oper
ating oil refinery.

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(a) Cherrapunji is a town in Meghalaya, India which is credited as being one of the world’s wettest places.
Cherrapunji receives both the Southwest and Northeast monsoon showers which give it a single monsoon
season. Cherrapunji lies at an elevation of 1,370 m (4,500 feet) in the Khasi Hills.
(b) Pondicherry is a Union Territory of India. It is a former French colony. It consists of four non contiguous
districts or enclaves and is named for the largest, Pondicherry.
(c) Satpura Range is a range of hills in central India. The range rises in eastern Gujarat state near the Arabian
Sea coast, running east through Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh to Chhattisgarh. The range parallels the
Vindhya Range to the north, and these two east-west ranges divide the Indo-Gangetic plain of northern India.
(d) Gulmarg is a hill station in the Jammu and Kashmir. It is located in the Baramulla district of Kashmir at an
altitude of 2,730 m. High altitude grass land called also marg.
(e) Mangalore is the chief port city of the state of Karnataka, India. It is situated on the west coast of the
country on the Arabian Sea, with the Western Ghats to Mangalore’s east.
(f) Bomdila is the headquarters of West Kameng district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.Bomdila has
an average literacy rate of 69%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 75% and
female literacy of 63%. 13% of the population is under 6 years of age. It is inhabited by the Monpa, Sherdukpen,
Miji and Aka tribes
(g) Tapti River is a river in central India. It is one of the major rivers of peninsular India with a length of around
724 km. It is one of only three rivers - the others being the Narmada and the Mahi that runs from East to West.
(h) Gulf of Kutch is situated in the Jamnagar District of Gujarat state In 1982 this park was declared the first
marine park of the country, which covers about 458 square miles. The protected areas include about an
archipelago made up of 42 islands on the gulf of Kutch.
(i) Ankleshwar is a town in Gujarat state of India. Ankleshwar has an industrial township called G.I.D.C. (Gujarat
Industrial Development Corporation), which is the biggest industrial township inAsia. Ankleshwar also
has a regional office for ONGC.
(j) Rameswaram is a town in Ramanathapuram district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is located on
Pamban Island separated from mainland India by the Pamban channel and is about 50 kilometres from Mannar
Island, Sri Lanka. Pamban Island, also known as Rameswaram Island, is connected to mainland India by the
Pamban Bridge. Rameswaram is the terminus of the railway line from Chennai and Madurai. Together with
Kashi, it is considered to be one of the holiest places in India to Hindus, and part of the Char Dham pilgrim
ages. Hence, it is a bustling pilgrim centre. It is situated in the Gulf of Mannar at the very tip of the Indian
peninsula. According to legend, this is the place from where Lord Rama built a bridge Ram Setu (also known
as Adam's Bridge.

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(a) Paradip is the primary seaport in the Indian state of Orissa. it is an artificial harbour. IFFCO has acquired the
fertilizer unit of Oswals at Paradeep in Orissa POSCO is establishing Iron and Steel plant.
(b) Karaikal is a small coastal enclave of territory which was formerly part of French India. Together with the
other former French enclaves of Puducherry (formerly known as Pondicherry), Yanam, and Mahé, Karaikal
forms the Union Territory of Puducherry. Karaikal is bounded on the North and South by Nagapattinam
district of Tamil Nadu state, on the west by Tiruvarur district (also belonging to Tamil Nadu), and on the East
by the Bay of Bengal. The enclave is located 132 km south of the city of Puducherry, 158 km east of
Trichy and is known for its rich cultural heritage.Bhilai is the second-largest city in Chhattisgarh,the Bhilai/Durg
agglomeration is the largest in the state. It is famous for the Bhilai steel plant, one of the largest in the world.
(c) Baramula town in the northwestern part of the Indian-held sector of Jammu and Kashmir state, in the north
ern part of the Indian subcontinent. It is situated on the Jhelum River about 7 miles (11 km) beyond the river’s
emergence from Wular Lake.
(d) Pachmarhi is a hill station in Madhya Pradesh state situated at a height of 3500 ft. in a valley of the Satpura
Range in Hoshangabad district, Pachmarhi lies within the Pachmarhi Biosphere Preserve,created in 1999 to
link two forest reserves and Satpura National Park into a larger wildlife conservation area.
(e) Gulf of Mannar is an arm of the Indian Ocean, lying between the southern tip of IndiaThe first marine
biosphere reserve in all of South and Southeast Asia is located on the southeastern tip of India in the state of
Tamil Nadu, in the Indo-Pacific region.
(f) Damodar River originates near Chandwa village, Palamau district, on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the
Jharkhand state in eastern India. Damodar River originates near Chandwa village, Palamau district, on the
Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in eastern India.
(g) Sindri is a small town in the state of Jharkhand. It rose in prominence as the site of the one of the largest
fertilizer plants in India.
(h) Chilka Lake is a brackish water coastal lake in India’s Orissa state, south of the mouth of the Mahanadi
River. The Chilka Lake in Orissa is Asia’s largest inland salt-water lagoon.
(i) Bandipur National Park (is one of India's best known protected areas and is an important ProjectTiger
reserve. It is located in the Chamarajanagar district of southern Karnataka in South India, The park stretches
over 874 square kilometers (337 sq mi), protecting the wildlife of Karnataka. Together with the adjoining
Nagarhole National Park (643 km2 (248 sq mi)), Mudumalai National Park (320 km2 and Wynad Wildlife
Sanctuary (344 km2 (133 sq mi)), it forms the largest protected area in Southern India, totaling 2,183 km2
The Western Ghats, Nilgiri Sub-Cluster (6,000+ km²), including all of Bandipur National Park, is under con
sideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for selection as a World Heritage Site.

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(a) Sardar sarovar The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a dam on the Narmada River near Navagam, Gujarat, India. The
dam is the largest dam in and part of the Narmada Valley Project, a large hydraulic engineering project involv
ing the construction of a series of large irrigation and hydroelectric multi- purpose dams on the Narmada River.
The project was first conceived of in the 1940s by the country's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru. The
project only took form in 1979 as part of a development scheme to increase irrigation and produce
hydroelectricity.Of the thirty large dams planned on river Narmada, Sardar Sarovar Dam (SSD) is the largest
structure to be built. It has a proposed final height of 136.5 m.
(b) Kovalam is just 16 km away from Thiruvanantapuram (Trivandrum), Kerala’s capital city Kovalam beach is
known as the “Paradise of the South”.The larger of the beaches is called Light House Beach for its 35 metre
high light house which towers over it atop Kurumkal hillock. The second largest one is Hawah Beach named
thus for the topless European women who used to throng there. It was the first topless beach in India.
(c) Hassan is located on the banks of the river Yagachi, capital city of Karnataka. The Hoysalas brought
world wide acclaim to the district through their unique style ofArchitecture.
(d) Gulf of Khambhat (formerly known as the Gulf of Cambay is an inlet of the Arabian Sea along the west
coast of India, in the state of Gujarat. The Gulf is known for its extreme tides, which vary greatly in height and
run into it with amazing speed.
(e) Poonch popularly known as mini Kashmir, is the smallest in area and the remotest district of Jammu and
Kashmir. Poonch (also referred to as Punch) is a town and a municipal committee in Poonch District in the
Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Based on the Mahabharata evidence,and the evidence from 7th Chinese
traveler Xuanzang, the districts of Poonch along with Rajauri and Abhisara had been under the sway of the
Republican Kambojas during epic times.
(f) Mount Abu is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan state in western India. It is located in Sirohi
district. The mountain forms a distinct rocky plateau 22km long by 9 km wide. The highest peak on the
mountain is Guru Shikhar.
(g) Dibrugarh, Dibrugarh is a small city situated on the banks of the Brahmaputra River, in Upper Assam, India,
about 435 kilometres (270 mi) north east of Guwahati. It is the gateway to the three tea producing districts of
Tinsukia, Dibrugarh, and Sibsagar. These three areas account for approximately 50% of India's Assam tea
crop and this gives Dibrugarh its rightly earned sobriquet as the Tea City of India. Oil and Timber are the other
big two industries in and around Dibrugarh.
(h) Raniganj is a city and a municipality in Barddhaman district in the Indian state of West Bengal. Raniganj
coalfield, West Bengal is the. largest coalfield in India.
(i) Wellington Island, Willingdon Island is an island, which forms part of the city of Kochi, in the state of Kerala,
India. Much of the present Willingdon Island was claimed from the Lake of Kochi, filling dredged soil around
a previously existed, but tiny natural island. The Willingdon Island is significant as the home for the Port of
Kochi, as well as the Kochi Naval Base (the Southern Naval Command) of the Indian Navyand Central
Institute of Fisheries Technology a constituent unit of Indian Council ofAgricultural Research.
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(a) Bhadravati city, central Karnataka state, southern India. It lies along the Bhadra River, near the Baba
Budan Range. The proximity of iron, manganese, and limestone deposits, along with the Bhadra
hydropower project, had made VISL to exist as important iron & steel plant science 1923.
(b) Chumbi Valley several passes across this range afford easy access to the Chumbi valley in Tibet and
beyond to Lhasa, imparting considerable strategic and political value to the region. From India it can
be reached by a caravan route from Sikkim State, north of Darjiling, via the Chumbi Valley.
(c) Lakshadweep territory in India made up of 27 islands, located off the Malabar Coast. Only 10 of the
islands are inhabited. The capital of Lakshadweep is Kavaratti and the largest island is Minicoy. Most
of the inhabitants are Muslim and the main language is Malayalam, except on Minicoy, where Mahl is
spoken.
(d) Palk Strait bay separating the state of Tamil Nadu, southern India, on the northwest, from Sri Lanka
on the southeast, at a width of between 24 and 140 km. The strait is incompletely separated from the
Gulf of Mannar to the south by a group of islands, known as Adams Bridge, stretching between the two
land masses.
(e) Hirakud Reservoir lies on the Mahanandi River in east central India, (13 km) upstream from Sambalpur.
The Tel and Hasdo rivers are major tributaries. Hirakud Dam (1956), a large earthen structure at
Sambalpur, regulates the flow of the Mahanadi and produces hydroelectricity.
(f) Parasnath Hill a hill and place of pilgrimage in Hazaribagh district,Parasnath has been declared as a
wild life sanctuary . It is the discontinuous arm of Hazaribagh plateau.
(g) Port Blair, town on South Andaman Island, capital of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union
territory of India. Port Blair lies on the east coast of the island, about 1361 km.Tourism is one of the
main industries, and timber and rubber from the local forests are exported.
(h) Main Boundary Fault the example of Thurst fault it lies at the piedmont location of Great Himadri.
(i) Bombay High Gas and oil production from India‘s largest offshore field Development of Bombay High
has been carried out in four initial phases which have established oil and gas production in the northern
sector of the field.
(j) Areas receiving less than 25 cm rainfall Western India representative of the tropical desert and thus
the prevelance of high pressure, the moisture laden winds fails to enchroach.It precisely is west of
Aravalli range.

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(a) Kalpakkam The nuclear power complex at Kalpakkam, about 50 km from Chennai, will soon have a nuclear
desalination plant, which will be the world’s largest sea water hybrid desalination plant to be coupled to a
nuclear power station. Kalpakkam is mostly famous for its nuclear plants and affiliated research installations.
These include the Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), one of India’s nuclear power plants, and IGCAR,
the Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, an affiliate of the Department ofAtomic Energy (DAE).
(b) Shyok Valley The Shyok Valley is the valley of the Shyok River — the river of death. This is a Yarkandi
(CentralAsian) name, probably given by the CentralAsian traders who ventured on this treacherous route for
centuries and perished. It is the right bank mountainous tributary of Indus.
(c) Salsett Island The largest of the harbor’s islands is Elephanta, which is famous for its 8th- and 9th-century
cave temples.Salsette Island was linked with the mainland by a bridge across Thana Creek, the headwaters of
Bombay Harbour.TANSA, a small river in Salsett island, in the Thana district of Bombay, which provides the
city of Bombay with its water-supply.
(d) Adam’s Bridge also called Rama’s Bridge, chain of shoals, between the islands of Mannar,near northwestern
Sri Lanka, and Rameswaram, off the southeastern coast of India. The strait is incompletely separated from the
Gulf of Mannar to the south by a group of islands, known as Adams Bridge.
(e) Farakka Barrage the Indian diversion barrage at , just inside the Indian border development, began to route
water from the Ganges into the Hugli (Hooghly) It froms one of the aveneues of political turmoil existing
between India & Bangladesh.
(f) Rajmahal Hills These are the shield extension, know for the Kavartals fresh water lakes The valleys are
cultivated by tribal Santals.
(g) Itanagar Located in the northeastern state of Arunachal Pradesh is the hill resort of Itanagar. Itanagar is
incredible and incomparable in natural beauty. The plains of the Brahmaputra River lie on the southern end of
Itanagar.
(h) Somnath Somnath Temple located in the Prabhas Kshetra near Veraval in Saurashtra, on the western
coast of Gujarat, India, is one of the twelve Jyotirlinga shrines of the God Shiva. The Temple is situated at such
a place that there is no land in between from Somnath sea-shore to Antarctica, the South Pole.
(i) Khetri is a smelter located in Khetri, Rajasthan, India. It is active in the following commodities : Copper. The
Khetri smelter is owned by Hindustan Copper Ltd.
(j) Alignment of Konkan Railway under construction Konkan Railway Corporation (KRC) — which is
building the coastal Konkan Railway between Mangalore and Roha. The 760-kilometre line connects
Maharashtra, Goa and Karnataka States.

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(a) Pokaran The Pokaran district was the site of India’s recent nuclear tests as well as the one they completed in
1974.was made. Arid in climate it is mostly the erg region. Surrounded by rocky, sandy and five salt ranges,
Pokaran means “the place of five mirages”. It is en route both from Jodhpur to Jaisalmer and Bikaner to
Jaisalmer.
(b) Banihal pass in the Pir Panjal Range in the Indian-The pas marks its significance due to NH No- 1 linking
srinagar and Jammu with build Jwahar Tunnel.Banihal a name that in Kashmir means “blizzard”—lies at an
altitude of 9,290 ft.
(c) kolleru lake also called Colair Lake lake in northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies
between the Godavari and Krishna river deltas near the town of Eluru (Ellore). Carp and prawns are
fished commercially in the lake.
(d) Minicoy Island Minicoy Island is the largest and the southern-most island of the Laccadive Archipelago
north of the Maldives. The island is administrated by India under the Indian Union Territory of
Laccadives. Mahl is the language spoken on the island and is a dialect of Dhivehi language spoken in
the Maldives.
(e) Maikal Range mountain range in Madhya Pradesh state, central India, running in a north-south direction
and forming the eastern base of the triangular Satpura Range. The Maikala Range consists of laterite-
capped, flat-topped plateaus. Vegetation varies from grass and thorny trees to deciduous trees such as teak
and sal (Shorea).
(f) Sabarmati River Sabarmati River about (440 km) north of Mumbai. The old city lies east of the river, while
newer sections lie along the west bank. It has developed one of the large river basins of india and substantially
contributes in the alluvial plain development of Gujrat.
(g) Nunmati Guwahati Refinery is the first public sector Refinery of the country, built with Romanian collaboration.
Since its inception Guwahati Refinery has been achieving numerous accolades for its performance in the field
of refinery operations, energy conservation, safety and environmental management.
(h) Bababudan Hills is Chikmagalur is Karnataka hills of mid-western Karnataka, it is at the very heart of
coffee country.There are large reserves of iron ore in the Baba Budan hills and gold in the Kolar Gold Fields.
(i) Singrauli Coalified Singrauli coalfield is one of the largest coal power complexes in the world. Considering
the importance of this coalfield, Northern Coalified Ltd.The coalfield is spread over an area of 2,200 sq.km.
mostly in the State of Madhya Pradesh (Shahdol and Sidhi Districts)
(j) 35°C June Isotherm Isotherm (contour line) – a type of contour line that connects points of equal
temperature at a given date or time on a geographic map.

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(a) Barren Island Located about 135 km northeast of Port Blair (South Andaman Island), Barren Island
rises about 300 m above sea level. It is a possession of India and is the only historically active volcano
along the N-S trending volcanic arc (Andaman Islands) extending between Sumatra and Myanmar
(Burma). The small 3-km-wide island contains a 1.6-km-wide somma open to the west with a fresh
pyroclastic cone in its center that has been the source of historical eruptions.
(b) Marmagao port, the best harbour between Bombay and Cochin. An industrial estate just outside the
city, a cold-storage plant for fish, and a large agricultural-produce market have strengthened its eco-
nomic position.
(c) Agartala The capital town of the eastern state of Tripura, Situated astride the Haroa River amid
numerous villagesAgartala, is a mini storehouse of rich cultural diversity. This is due to the city’s
physical proximity with the Indo-Bangladesh border, which is just 2 km away.National Highway No.
44 connects Agartala to Guwahati via Shillong.
(d) Vadodara also called Baroda,city, administrative headquarters of Vadodara district, east central Gujarat
state, west central India, on the Visvamitra River, southeast of Ahmadabad. It is significant cotton
textile industry and oil refining centre.
(e) Tapi river in central India,rising in the Gawilgarh Hills of the central Deccan Plateau in south-
central Madhya Pradesh state. It flows west ward between two spurs of the Satpura Range, across the
Jalgaon Plateau in Maharashtra state, and through the plain of Surat in Gujarat state to the Gulf of
Cambay.
(f) Rana Pratap Sagar dam is the second in the series of Chambal Valley Projects, located 52 km
downstream of Gandhi Sagar dam across the river Chambal in Rajasthan. This dam was completed in
the year 1970.The total catchment area of this dam is 24,864 km2, of which only 956 km2 are in
Rajasthan.
(g) Kavaratti Island capital of Lakshadweep union territory, India. Kavaratti lies in the Arabian Sea
about215 miles (346 km) west-southwest of Calicut and the Malabar Coast of southern India. The
island is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long. . There is a shallow lagoon on the western side of the island, and
coconut palms grow on the northern side. Kavaratti town is noted for the carved wooden pillars and
roofs of its mosques and the carved stones of its graveyards.
(h) Leh town, eastern Jammu and Kashmir state, in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent. It is
located in the Indian-held sector of the state. Built as a terminus for caravans from Asia, Leh is one of
the highest permanently inhabited towns in the world.
(i) Badrinath Situated on the right banks of the river Alakananda in the northern province of Uttaranchal
uninhabited village and shrine in northern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India. Situated in the Himalayas
along a headstream of the Ganges River, it lies at an elevation of about 10,000 feet.
(j) Atomic Power Project in U.P.Narora Atomic Power Station situated on the bank of the river Ganga
at Narora in the District of Buland Shahr has two units each of 220 MW. Reactor type is Pressurized
Heavy Water Reactor (P.H.W.R).

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(a) Kolleru lake also called Colair Lake lake in northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies
between the Godavari and Krishna river deltas near the town of Elaru (Ellore) It serves as a habitat for
various resident and migratory birds besides sustaining fishing, agriculture and related occupations of
the people dependent on it for livelihood.
(b) Maikal range mountain range in Madhya Pradesh state, central India, running in a north-south direc-
tion and forming the eastern base of the triangular Satpura Range. The Maikala Range consists of
laterite-capped, flat-topped plateaus. The Satpura-Maikala watershed is the second largest in India.
(c) Palghat town Palghat town, central Kerala state, southwestern India. The town lies on the Ponnani
River in a break in the Western Ghats range known as the Palghat Gap. Its location has always given
the town strategic and commercial importance.
(d) Darjeeling town, extreme northern West Bengal state, northeastern India. Darjeeling lies (491 km)
north of Calcutta. The town is situated on a long, narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas
that descends abruptly to the bed of the Great Rangit River. Darjeeling is situated receives plentiful
rainfall and has a wide range of climates, from tropical to subalpine, owing to its varying elevations.It
forms the major tea plantation site of India.
(e) Ellor northwest of Aurangabad town and (80 km) southwest of the Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra
state, western India. Spread over a distance of (2 km), the temples were cut from basaltic cliffs and
have elaborate facades and interior walls. UNESCO designated Ellora a World Heritage site.it is on
Satmala hill.It is connected to Aurangabad via NH.3.
(f) Rann of Kachchh saline mud flats, west-central India and southern Pakistan. The Great Rann covers
an area of about (1800km) and lies almost entirely within Gujarat state, India, along the border with
pakistan.Originally an extension of the Arabian Sea, the Rann of Kachchh has been closed off by
centuries of silting.
(j) January Isotherm of 20°C
(h) Ghaghara Ghaghara, also Gogra, river of Nepal and northern India, one of the largest affluents of the
Ganges River. It rises in the southern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet, at an altitude of 4,000 m
(13,000 ft) above sea level. The river flows south through Nepal where it is known as the Karnâli. In
Uttar Pradesh State the Ghâghara flows in a southeastern direction to the town of Chhapra, where,
after a course of 920 km. it joins the Ganges River. The Ghaghara is one of the most important
commercial waterways of Uttar Pradesh.
(i) Bokaro The City Bokaro of the Jharkhand State was created in the year 1991. Situated in the
Chhotanagpur Plateau,at the confluence of Bokaro & Damodors rivers the vast rolling topography of
the city is typical, strewn by graded valleys and winding streams. Lying along the Damodar River, just
west of one of India’s largest iron and steel plants, along the Dhanbad-Ranchi highway is India’s
biggest steel complex.
(j) Corbett Park national park in Uttrachal state, northern India. Extending over an area of 1318 sq km.
main feature of Corbett National Park is valley is the Ramganga River, running broadly west by south
west, the catchments streams of which vivisect the land into numerous little ridges and ravines.It is
specifically know for the tiger population.

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(a) Malwa Plateau plateau in north central India, bounded by the Gujarat Plains on the west, the Vindhya
Range on the south, the Madhya Bharat Plateau and Bundelkhand Upland on the north, and the
Vindhya Range on the east. Of volcanic origin, the plateau comprises central Madhya Pradesh state
and southeastern Rajasthan state. It is know for black soil,slica sand, kaolin and copper.
(b) Pamban Island inlet of the Bay of Bengal, between southeastern India and northern Sri Lanka and
bounded on the south by Pamban Island (India), Adam's (Rama's)Bridge (a chain of shoals), and
Mannar Island (Sri Lanka).Pamban Island (India) and Mannar Island (Sri Lanka) are also found at its
southern end. The straits treacherous waters are usually avoided by most ships. It receives several
rivers, most notably the Vaigai.
(c) ZaskarThe trans Himalayas range rising over Rupshu plains. Kamet Peak is the highest point, and the
most important passes are Shipki, Lipulek, and Mana.it has average elevation of 6000mts and streches
for 640 km from Suruto karnle rivers.
(d) Godavari sacred river of central India. It risesin the Western Ghats 50 miles (80 km) from the Ara-
bian Sea and flows generally eastward across the Deccan Plateau, along the Maharashtra–
AndhraPradesh border and across Andhra Pradesh state, turning southeastward for the last (320 km)
of its course before reaching the Bay of Bengal.
(e) Koyana Project The project on the upper Krishna river in the state of Maharastra.The Hydel power
project has shivaji sagar reseviors on the western Ghats.
(f) Gold mines of India The Hutti and Kolar Gold mines of Karenataka.The Dharwar series has kolar
almost exploited and closed mines,The productive beds,(6 km) long and with an average width of 4
miles,were first mined Within the years, four main veins (Champion, Oorgaum, Nundydorog, and
Mysore) were opened. Oorgaum, the deepest, reached 9,664 feet below sea level.
(g) Ranthambore reserve is situated in India’s northwestern state of Rajasthan, near the town of Sawai
Madhopur,It is surrounded by the Vindhya and Aravali hill ranges and is very near to the outer fringes
of the Thar Desert, famous for its tigers, and Mansingh Sanctuary also form part of Ranthambore
Reserve. It is one of the prime examples project Tiger’s conservation efforts in Rajasthan .It covers
1334 sq km of area.
(h) Barauni town, north-central Bihar state, northeastern India. It lies north of the Ganges River and is
part of the Begusarai urban agglomeration Baruni is chiefly an industrial complex, with a petroleum
refinery(The Indian Oil Corporation’s (IOC) refinery at Barauni and a thermal power plant.
(i) Nanda Devi biosphere Lies in Chamoli District, within the Garhwal Himalaya Nanda Devi (7817m.)
is the highest mountain situated completely within India and is surrounded by a ridge wall of nearly
6000m.Nanda Devi National Park The park has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in
1982.The Government of India declared it later Biosphere Reserve.
(j) Rourkela Steel plant Located within Rayagada district in Orissa’s South-Western Plant is the first
integrated steel plant set up after independence by the Govt. of India. This steel plant has been set up
under technical collaboration of Germany.

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(a) Mettur Dam One of the largest of its kind in the world. It was completed in 1934. The total length of
the dam is 1700 meters. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large. The dam, the
park, the major Hydro Electric power stations and hills on all sides make Mettur a good tourist
attraction.
(b) Kaziranga National Park, situated in the northeastern state of Assam, is one of the most picturesque
wildlife parks in India. The natural habitat of the one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis), Kaziranga
lies on the southern banks of the Brahmaputra River, northeast of Assam’s capital Guwahati.
(c) Loktak Lake is a largest fresh water lake in the North-Eastern region located 48km from Imphal.
Loktak Lake is a huge and beautiful strech of water spread upto 312 sq. km area and looks like a
miniature island sea.Kelbul Lamjao National Park is situated 53km from Imphal on the fringes of
Loktak Lake. This is known as the only floating National park in the world.
(d) Puri Situated on the eastern coastline of the country, Puri is most well known as an important Hindu
pilgrimage center. Puri has a typical tropical climate. No Island is found in the coastal waters of Puri
, but the Chilika lake is separated from the Bay of Bengal by a group of Islands.
(e) Vindhyan Mountains Range traverses nearly the whole width of Peninsular India-a distance of 1050
kilometers with an average elevation of 300 meters. The Vindhyan Range appears to have been formed
in paleozoic is the example of block mountain made up of upper purana limestone rich structure.
(f) Mahanadi river in central India, rising in the hills of southeastern Madhya Pradesh state. Its upper
course runs north as significant stream, draining the eastern Chhattasgarh Plain. At Sambalpur the
Harakud Dam on the river has formed a man-made lake (55 km) long; the dam has several hydroelec-
tric plants.The rivers forms the most important delta of utkal plains.
(g) Itanagar The capital of Arunachal Pradesh, Itanagar is also known as ‘the Land of the Dawnlit
Mountains’. It is located to the east of Tawang and has sub humid climatic condition owing to the
pied mont location.
(h) Haldia is located at the confluence of River Haldi and Hoogly about 140 kms from Calcutta. It is a
major port of India forming a part of Calcutta port complex.Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd is a modern
naphtha based Petrochemical Complex located at Haldia, West Bengal, India.
(i) Sunderbans Situated south of Calcutta, Sunderbans is one of the most unique ecosystems in this part
of the world and is dominated by mangrove forests. Situated at the mouth of the Ganges, Sunderbans
spreads over 54 islands and two countries (the West Bengal state in India and Bangladesh) The
Sunderbans are a part of the world’s largest delta formed by the rivers Ganges, Brahmaputra and
Meghna. Situated on the lower end of the Gangetic West Bengal, it is also the world’s largest estua-
rine forest.
(j) Khetri copper mines iKhetri Nagar is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is part of
Shekhawati region. Khetri is actually two towns, the first "Khetri Town" was founded by Raja Khet
Singhji Nirwan. The other is the town of "Khetri Nagar", which is about 10 km away from Khetri. It
is known for its Copper Project. The township of Khetri Nagar is built and is under control of the
Hindustan Copper Limited.

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(a) Hirakud Dam Hirakud Dam Project is built across river Mahanadi at about 15 Kms. upstream of
Sambalpur town in State of Orissa. Hirakud dam intercepts 83400 sq. km of Mahanadi catchments.
The multi-purpose Hirakud Dam across the river Mahanadi was constructed for flood control, irriga-
tion and power generation. Hirakud Dam is a composite structure of earth, concrete and masonary.
(b) Konkan Coast also called the Konkan Coast or Karavali is the name given to a section of the western
coastline of India, extending from Gujarat in the north to Karnataka in the south, between the Western
Ghats and the Arabian Sea.The Konkan is a coastal strip of land bounded by the Sahyadri hills on the
east and Arabian Sea on the west.it is a land with rich mineral resources, dense forest cover, and a
landscape fringed with paddy, coconut, and mango trees.
(c) Satpura Range range of hills, part of the Deccan Plateau, western India, that stretches for 560 miles
(900 km) across the widest part of peninsular India, through Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states.
TheSatpura Range includes the Rajpapla Hills to the west, the Mahadeo Hills to the north, and the
Maikala Range to the east.Forms the example of Paleozoic block range with major basaltic
modification.
(d) Narmada River in central India, rising in the Maikala Range in east-central Madhya Pradesh state.
Through the hills of Mandla, it enters the structural trough between theVindhya and Satpura ranges at
Marble Rocks Gorge and then flows westward across Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat states, entering
the Gulf of Cambay. For over a decade, villagers have waged an intense battle to stop dams on India’s
Narmada River. The Narmada Valley Development Project would include 30 major dams and 3,000
smaller dams.
(e) Lava Region During cretaccous to eocne major fissure magma ejection led to the covering of almost
entire peninsular relief. It is the Deccan Trap that development as grant steps and presently is the
substansive sight of black soil.
(f) Pradip Port major port of east-central Orissa state, eastern India, on the Bay of Bengal. It is situated
on the delta of the Mahanadi River at the mouth of one of its branches. Paradip, India’s second largest
port on the east coast of India.
(g) Visakhapatnam The eastern coastal city of Andhra Pradesh-Visakhapatnam, popularly known as
Vizag, began as a small fishing village of just a few hundred people, and has developed into a progres-
sive, cosmopolitan port city, and bustling industrial and commercial center with over one million
people.
(h) Lucknow city, capital of Uttar Pradesh state, northern India Located on the banks of the Gomti River.
The city is a marketplace for agricultural products (mangoes, melons, and various grains are grown
locally), and its industries include food processing, manufacturing, handicrafts,
(i) Chilka Lake is India’s biggest inland lake. Spread over 1,100 square kilometers, stretching across the
length of the three districts of Pun, Khurda and Ganjam, it joins up with the Bay of Bengal through a
narrow mouth, forming an enormous lagoon of brackish water.There are fisheries and salt pans around
its shores. It also has substansive Mangrove cover.
(j). Bangalore city and capital of Karnataka state, southern India. One of India's largest cities, Bangalore
lies 3,113 feet (949 meters) above sea level atop an east-west ridge in the Karnataka Plateau .Clima-
tologically the example of lee location it receives rainfall not more than 50cm.

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(a) Farakka barrage the Indian diversion barrage at , just inside the Indian border development, began
to route water from the Ganges into the Hugli (Hooghly) It froms one of the aveneues of political
turmoil existing between india & Bangladesh.
(b) Kavaratti Island capital of Lakshadweep union territory, India. Kavaratti lies in the Arabian Sea
about215 miles (346 km) west-southwest of Calicut and the Malabar Coast of southern India. The
island is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) long. . There is a shallow lagoon on the western side of the island, and
coconut palms grow on the northern side. Kavaratti town is noted for the carved wooden pillars and
roofs of its mosques and the carved stones of its graveyards.
(c) Manali-Leh highway It is precisely the state highway traversing via the Dhaula Dhar and Himadri
range .The Highway link Kelong and also Kargil, srinagar.The length of Manali to Leh route is 485
km which is open only for 3 months .
(d) Majuli riverine island The largest fresh-water river island in the world, Majuli is situated in the
middle of the Brahmaputra, India’s most tempestuous river.UNESCO for the declaration of Majuli to
be a world natural site and above it a world heritage site. It is also the only habitat riverine island
(e) Rajmahal hills Interstate boundary between Bihar and West Bengal.It forms the extension of
chottanagpur shield. It lies west of the Ganges River. The town is located in the Rajmahal Hills,
which run north–south for (190 km) from the Ganges River almost to Dumka.
(f) Palghat gap mountain range, in southwestern India. Located between the Nalgiri Hills (north) and
the Anaimalai Hills (south), it is about (32 km) wide and straddles the Kerala–Tamil Nadu border.
Palghat Gap also influences southern India's climate; the southwest monsoons as well as storms from
the Bay of Bengal cross the mountains through the opening.
(g) Chhatisgarh plain Raipur district is situated in the in the fertile plains of Chhattisgarh region. Situ-
ated between 22 degree 33' N to 21 degree 14’N Lat and 82 degree 6' to 81 degree 38’E Long this
districertile plains of Chhattisgarht is surrounded by district Bilaspur in North, District Baster and
part of Orissa state in South, District Raigarh and part of Orissa state in East and district Durg in West.
(h) Luni river originates in the western slopes of the Aravali range at an elevation of 550 m, near Ajmer.
After flowing for about 495 km in a south-westerly direction in Rajasthan, the river disappears in the
marshy land of Runn of Kutch. The total catchment area of Luni River Basin in Rajasthan is 37,363
km2, covering parts of the Districts of Ajmer, Pali, Jodhpur, Nagaur, Barmer, Jalore and Sirohi.
(i) Karwar the port town on the banks of the Kali Nadi river is the administrative head quarters of North
Kanara District in Karnataka. It is an Excellent Beach resort with beautiful palm fringed beaches.
Once an important trade centre especially for pepper, Karwar was also the settlement of the British
and the Portuguese.
(i) Anadpur Sahib Anandpur Sahib by Guru Teg Bahadur, this hilly place in the lap of Shivalik
Hills.located in Chandigarh, district Ropar (Rupnagar) Punjab. There is also a Thermal Plant put up
by Punjab State Electricity Board at Ropar. Besides cement plant has been set up by Ambuja Group of
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(a) Cauvery The origin of the river is traditionally placed at Talakaveri, Kodagu in the Western Ghats in
Karnataka, flows generally south and east through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu and across the southern
Deccan plateau through the southeastern lowlands, emptying into the Bay of Bengal through two
principal mouths. The Kaveri basin is estimated to be 27,700 square miles (72,000 km2) with many
tributaries including the Shimsha, the Hemavati (river), the Arkavati, Honnuhole, Lakshmana Tirtha,
Kabini, Bhavani River, the Lokapavani, the Noyyal and the Amaravati River.
(b) Narmada River in central India, rising in the Maikala Range in east-central Madhya Pradesh state.
Through the hills of Mandla, it enters the structural trough between theVindhya and Satpura ranges at
Marble Rocks Gorge and then flows westward across Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat states, entering
the Gulf of Cambay.
(c) Chilka lake is India’s biggest inland lake. Spread over 1,100 square kilometres, stretching across the
length of the three districts of Pun, Khurda and Ganjam, it joins up with the Bay of Bengal through a
narrow mouth, forming an enormous lagoon of brackish water.There are fisheries and salt pans around
its shores. It also hassubstansive Mangrove cover.
(d) Nagarjunsagar The largest of India’s Tiger Reserves, the Nagarjunasagar - Srisailam Sanctuary lies
in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The major attractions of this sanctuary are Tiger, Leopard, Sloth Bear
and Hyena. The sanctuary is surrounded by the Nallamalai hills on the southern and eastern sides,
while the Krishna River forms the boundary on the other side.
(e) Agra city, west-central Uttar Pradesh state, north-central India, on the Yamuna (Jumna) River. Agra
is famous as being home to one of the seven wonders of the world-the Taj Mahal.The region is
watered by the Yamuna River and the agra Canal; millet, barley, wheat, and cotton are among the
crops grown.
(f) Cochin town and major port on the Arabian Sea, west-central Kerala state, southwestern India. Kochi
is the most important city in Kerala. It is the second most important city (after Mumbai) on the
western coast of India,Kochi is known as the Queen of the Arabian Sea and the Queen of the Adriatic.
It is also referred to as the Gateway of South India.
(g) Satpura range Range range of hills, part of the Deccan Plateau, western India, that stretches for (900
km) across the widest part of peninsular India, through Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh states.
TheSatpura Range includes the Rajpapla Hills to the west, the Mahadeo Hills to the north, and the
Maikala Range to the east.Forms the example of Paleozoic block range with major basaltic modifica-
tion.
(h) Aravalli hills system, North India, stretching (560 km) through Rajasthan state. Divided into the
Sambhar-Sirohi and the Sambhar-Khetri ranges, the hills contain a variety of minerals, including
large amounts of quartzite. Most of the hills are 1,000 to 3,000 ft in elevation and from (10 to 100
km) in width. The peak of Guru Sikhar on Mount Abu, which is 5,645 ft in elevation, is the highest of
the range.
(i) Bombay High Gas and oil production from India‘s largest offshore field Development of Bombay
High has been carried out in four initial phases which have established oil and gas production in the
northern sector of the field.

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(a) Harishchandra range series of hills in western Maharashtra state, western India. Originating in the
Western Ghats at the Harishchandra Range, the range extends southeastward for about (320 km) to
the border of Maharashtra and Karnataka states.
(b) Bhima River major tributary of the Krishna River, flowing through Maharashtra and Karnataka states,
western India. It rises in the Bhamashankar heights of the Western Ghats and flows southeastward for
(725 km) in Maharashtra to join the Krishna in Karn?taka. Major tributaries are the Sana and Nara
rivers.
(c) Semi Arid Climatic zone Located in the heart of Thar desert at Jodhpur, Arid Forest Research
Institute
(d) Manas National Park Manas is situated in Assam spread over an area of 391 sq km, earlier it was
known as North Kamrup,The prominent fauna here are the rhino, wild buffalos, elephants, gaur,
swamp deer, capped langur and clouded leopard. .The Manas park has eastern Himalayan moist
mixed deciduous forests covering. The dense forest cover often cuts out even the sunlight. The east-
ern alluvial grassland also covers a major portion of the Manas national park.
(e) Anai Mudi peak in eastern Kerala state, southwestern India. Located in theWestern Ghats range, it
rises to 8,842 feet and is peninsular India's highest peak. From this point radiate three ranges—the
Anaimalai to the north, the Palni to the northeast, and the Cardamom Hills to the south.
(f) Sambhar lake in Rajasthan is India’s largest saline lake, 190 sq. km in extent at full capacity, and
lies some 60 km west of Jaipur, just outside prosaically named Salt Lake City. This vast body of
glacial saline is on average just 0.6 cm deep and never more than 3 m even just after the monsoon. It
is fed by several seasonal fresh water streams, two of the major ones being the rivers Mendha and
Rupangarh
(g) Digboi oil field Digboi in Assam is an oil town that can be traced to the early 18th century, when oil
was first discovered here. Digboi can proudly boast of two unique features: a 100-year-old extant
oilfield and the world’s oldest operating oil refinery.
(h) Baghelkhand eastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The area is divided into two natural re-
gions by the Kaimur Range. To the west lie elevated plains; to the east is a rough, hilly tract inter-
sected by a succession of parallel forested ridges of the Vindhya Range.
(i) National Highway No.8 The arm of Golden Quadilateral it links Delhi & Mumbai via Jaipur Ajmer
and Udaipur.The first four lane development was of this road between Delhi to Kishangarh.It is
designated to be one of the most prominent tourist lanes.
(j) Anjar on Kutch Pennsula is earthquake prone zone based on the Archean strata the soil marks
applicability of leaching and iron nodules and thus limited fertility.
(k) Red and Yellow soil area These soils are encountered over extensive non alluvial tracts of peninsular
India. these soils are often categorized as lateritic (after later, the Latin term for brick). The heavily
leached red-to-yellow soils are concentrated in the high-rainfall areas of the Western Ghats, the west-
ern Kathiawar Peninsula, eastern Rajasthan, the Eastern Ghats, the Chota Nagpur Plateau, and other
upland tracts of northeastern India. Less-leached red-to-yellow soils occur in areas of low rainfall
immediately east of the Western Gh?ts in the dry interior of the Deccan Plateau.
(l) Minicoy Island is the largest and the southern-most island of the Laccadive Archipelago The
Laccadives or the Lakshadweep (meaning the hundred thousand isles in Malabar) is an archipelago of
12 different atolls with 36 islands of which only 10 are inhabited. It is located in the Arabian Sea,
north of the Maldives and is under administrative control of India.
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(a) Blue Mountain region of Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. The peaks of the nilgiri rise abruptly
from the surrounding plains to an elevation of 6,000–8,000 feet one of them, Doda Betta (8,652) feet
, is the highest point in Tamil Nadu.
(b) Tawa river is the Narmada’s longest tributary, at 172 km. It rises in the Satpura Range of Betul and
Chhindwara districts, flowing north and west to join the Narmada at the village of Bandra Bhan in
Hoshangabad district.
(c) Dallirajhara mines Located on the southern fringe of Durg district, bordering Rajnandgaon, the twin
hill-top mines of Dalli-Rajhara form part of the reserved (tribal) Dandilohara.It is avaeling iron ore to
the Bhilai plant.
(d) Marmugao town, west-central Goa state, western India. Madgaon is situated on the railway that
extends from Marmagao port to Castle Rock in Karnataka state. The third largest city in Goa,Mormugao
Port, one of the oldest ports on the west coast of India, with a fine natural harbour, has been relent-
lessly serving the nation in its economic development for over a century.
(e) Coimbatore town, administrative headquarters of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu state, southeast-
ern India. Coimbatore is located on the Noyil River, 480 km, Coimbatore is the second most highly
industrialized district in Tamil Nadu state.It forms the prominent example of city of Tamil Nadu to
receive SW Monsoon rain.
(f) Kodaikanal town, Madurai district,Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India, at an elevation of 7,300 ft
in the Palni Hills.Kodaikanal is one of the most popular serene hill stations in India.
(g) Wular lake, the largest in the Jammu and Kashmir territory, in the northern part of the Indian
subcontinent.lake controls the flow of the Jhelum River, which traverses it. The town of Sopur is on
the southwest shore of the lake.
(h) Rourkela is located in the industrial city of Rourkela, in the state of Orissa first public sector steel
plant in this locality with the collaboration of West Germany. At present the city is a large metropolis
with a population of around 4 lacs.
(i) Konkan railway is a zone of the Indian Railways which operates along the Konkan coast of India It
is constituted as a separately incorporated railway, with its headquarters at Belapur CBD (Navi
Mumbai). At present it consists of a single 760km route from Roha to Mangalore along the western
coast of India (the Konkan region).
(j) Laterite soils is the result of intense leaching owing to heavy tropical rains. They are found along the
edge of plateau in the east covering small parts of Tamil Nadu, and Orissa and a small part of
Chhotanagpur in the north and Meghalaya in the north-east.
(k) Gulf of Mannar Mannar also spelled Mannar, inlet of the Indian Ocean, between southeastern India
and western Sri Lanka. It is bounded on the northeast by Rameswaram (island), Adam's (Rama's)
Bridge (a chain of shoals), and Mannar Island.
(l) Rana Pratap Sagar Rana Pratap Sagar dam is the second in the series of Chambal Valley Projects,
located 52 km downstream of Gandhi Sagar dam across the river Chambal in Rajasthan.
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(a) Loktak Lake Lake is a largest fresh water lake in the North-Eastern region located 48km from Imphal.
Loktak Lake is a huge and beautiful strech of water spread upto 312 sq. km area and looks like a
miniature island sea.Kelbul Lamjao National Park is situated 53km from Imphal on the fringes of
Loktak Lake. This is known as the only floating National ark in the world.
(b) Elephanta Island about 10 km off the eastern coast of Bombay, boasts a series of caves carved out of
the rock between the fifth and eight century A.D. It is the prominent tourist center of western India.
(c) Kali Sindh River It is the tributary of Chambal and traverses substantially via Madhya Pradesh ,
Rajasthan.The lower course of the river has bedland topography. It traverses via lime stone structure
and thus is strongly engaged in solution activity.
(d) Ranikhet Situated at 1829 mts.this sylvan retreat offers an intersting mix of hill and military cultures
Ranikhet has forests of oak and pine, and is a fine place to enjoy a panoramic view of the Himalayas,
from the Bhagirathi peaks in the west to Nanda Kot in the east.
(e) Girnar Hills physical region on the Kathiawar Peninsula, Gujarat state, west-central India It repre-
sents the examples of the oldest shield and has radial drainage linked with it . At the foot of one of the
hills is a rock bearing one of the Rock Edicts of Asaoka .
(f) Always It is the major industrial city of Kerela Aluminium and fertilizer industries are located here.It
has second largest chemical fertilizer plant establishes.It is also the twin city of Kochi.
(g) Shillong Plateau plateau in eastern Meghalaya state, northeastern India. It is a rolling tableland and
the highest portion of the hill mass that comprises most of Meghalaya. The plateau's western, north-
ern, and southern escarpments are called the Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia hills, respectively.
(h) Kolar Gold MinesKolar district is located in the southern region of the State and happens to be the
eastern-most district of the Karnataka State.Kolar is popularly known as the golden land of India, for
it is at the famous Kolar Gold Fields of this district that gold mining was first undertaken during
modern times. Formerly, Kolar was known variously as Kolahala, Kuvalala and Kolala.
(i) Salem town, north-central Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. It is on the Tirumanimuttar River
near attar Gap between the Kalrayan and Pachamalaihills. It is primarily an agricultural area special-
izing in fruit, coffee, cotton, and peanuts (groundnuts). Minerals include iron-ore, bauxite, and man-
ganese deposits.
(j) Rohtang Pass is the highest point, 4,112m, on the Manali-Keylong road, 51-km from Manali town.The
pass is open from June to September, although trekkers can cross the pass from May. Beyond Rohtang
pass lies the remote and, perhaps, the stark and haunting landscape of predominantly Buddhist areas.
(k) Gobind Sagar over the river Sutlej, is the result of the huge hydel dam at Bhakra and is named in
honour of Gobind Singh the tenth Sikh guru. One of the world’s highest gravity dams, the Bhakra
rises 225.5 m above its lowest foundations. Its reservoir - the Gobind Sagar - is 90 kms long and
encompasses an area of approximately 170 sq kms. As far back as 1962, the Gobind Sagar was
declred a ‘water fowl refuge’ and even today, hosts a variety of water and shore birds.
(l) New Mangalore is the largest city in coastal Karnataka town, administrative headquarters of Dakshin
Kanna district, southwesternKarnataka (formerly Mysore) state, southern India, a port on the Arabian
Sea. Lying on the backwaters formed by the Netravati and Gurpur rivers.

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(a) Gulf of Kachchh, , inlet of the Arabian Sea, western India. It is 50 km (30 mi) wide and extends for
16 km between the Kachchh and Kathiawar peninsulas. The head of the gulf adjoins the vast salt
marsh known as the Little Rann of Kachchh.Salt production pearl forming are the important economic
activity practiced the region.
(b) Indravati River is a tributary of the Godavari River, located in central India. The river rises in the
Satpura Range, and flows south to join the Godavari, forming the boundary between Maharashtra and
Chhattisgarh states.It is know for chitrakote falls.
(c) Mount Abu is the highest peak in the Aravalli Range of Rajasthan state, in western India. It is located
in Sirohi District. The mountain forms a distinct rocky plateau 22km long by 9 km wide. The highest
peak on the mountain is Guru Shikhar, at 1722 meters above sea level.It is a granitoid batholith.
(d) Dhauladhar range is a southern branch of the main Himachal range extending to SE till river
Satlej. Dalhousie.Dharamsala and shimla are located in this range.The height of the range is hardly
beyond 4000mts.
(e) Gulmarg is a hill station in the Indian state of Jammu and KashmirGulmarg has quickly become one
of the state’s most visited destinations. The slopes in the nearby Afarwat Hills boast of the longest and
highest ski slopes in the world. At the altitude of 2700mts this medows of flower has longest rope
way in Asia.
(f) Bhuj is a town in Gujarat. It is the administrative headquarters of Kutch district.It lies in the seismic
zone and is Asia’s first solar pond and solar power plants.Bhuj has an average elevation of 110 metres
On the eastern side of the town is a hill known as Bhujiyo Dungar, on which there is Bhujia Fort, that
separates Bhuj city and Madhapar town. It has one big lake named Hamirsar and several small lakes.
(g) Dimapur 74 km from Kohima, which has a railroad and airport. It is located at the altitude of
195mts.Refered to be gateway of Nagaland it is the flourshing commercial centre of the state.The
district is bounded by Kohima district on the south and east, Karbi Anglong district of Assam on the
West, the Karbi Anglong and stretch of Golaghat District of Assam, in the west and the north
(h) Ganga River Waterways It is declared National Waterways No-1.It connects Allahabad to Haldia .It
has three sectors Haldia to Farakka,Farrakka to Patna and Patna to Allahabad .Floating dry Docks have
been proposed for the route.
(i) Kadremukh Highest peak of Bababuden hills in chikmanglur district of Karnataka.It has huge re
serves of Magnetitic iron ore. VISL is supplied with ore from here also the ore is exported from
Manglore.
(j) Black Soil The cotton soil rich in mineral is concentrated in the Maharastra and Kathiawar upland .
The soil is known for the basaltic parent material Deccan Trap.
(k) Nagarjun sagar It is a reservoir across river Krishna and is part of Multipurpose project.Irrigration is
the most important facility provided by the reservoir.Nagarjuna Sagar was the earliest in the series of
large infrastructure projects initiated for the Green Revolution in India; it also is one of the earliest
multi-purpose irrigation and hydro-electric projects in India. The dam provides irrigation water to the
Nalgonda District, Prakasam District, Khammam District and Guntur District and electric power to
the national grid.
(l) National Highway No.8 The arm of Golden Quadilateral it links Delhi & Mumbai via Jaipur Ajmer
and Udaipur.The first four lane development was of this road between Delhi to Kishangarh.It is desig
nated to be one of the most prominent tourist lanes.

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(a) Jawahar Lal Nehru Port (JNP), the youngest and most modern major port of India, was commis-
sioned in 1989 . The port was initially envisaged to relieve traffic off the Mumbai port and serve as a
hub port for the Western region.
(b) Chandra Bhaga River are the two rivers; which merges to form the Chenab in the Lahaul region of
Himachal Pradesh. It rises in the snows lying at the base of the main Himalayan range in the
Lahaul and Spiti district. The picturesque lake of Chandra Tal forms source site of Chandra river
(c) Kiamur Range region, eastern Madhya Pradesh state, central India. The area is divided into two
natural regions by the Kaimur Range.The Tons and Son rivers and their tributaries drain the area.
(d) Dhalousie, A small town located in the Dhauladhar Range in Himachal Pradesh. It is the prominent
hill station.
(e) Ganga Sagar, Aggradation island formed by the deposition of Hooghly river. Sagar Island, one among
the cluster of islands at the southeastern tip of West Bengal, It is being inter connected with main
land by the streamer line.
(f) Indira Point , Indira Point is situated on the island of Great Nicobar in the Nicobar Islands, eastern
Indian Ocean, and it represents the southernmost point of land in the territory of India. The point is
located in the Union Territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and is named in honour of Indira
Gandhi Formally known as Pygmillion point it is Car Nicobar Island.
(g) Cardamom Hills, mountainous area in southeastern Kerala state, southern India, forming part of the
Western Ghats range,Cardamom Hills region produces tea, coffee, teak, and bamboo. The hills are
under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee for the selection as the World
Heritage Site.
(h) Bombay High, Bombay High is an offshore oilfield 160 km off the coast of Mumbai. The oil opera
tions are run by India's Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC).Bombay High field was discovered
by a Russian Groups.
(i) Nag Pahar, The Nag pahar or the snake mountain forms a natural boundary between Ajmer and
Pushkar.It is the northern fragmented part of Aravalli ,drained by upper course of Luni.
(j) Gersoppa Falls, cataract of the Sharavati River, western Karnataka state, southwestern India. The
Jog Falls are located (29 km) upstream from Honavar at the river's mouth on the Arabian Sea. As it
plunges (253 mt) into a chasm, the river splits into four cascades known as the Raja, or Horseshoe;
Roarer; Rani and Rocket.
(k) Pulicate Lake, is the second largest lake in India, located 60km north of Chennai. The lake
receives fresh water from the Kalangi and Arani rivers, and connected with the Bay of Bengal for its
saline water input.
(l) Kakinada, also called Cocanada city, north eastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. Kakinada is
anexporter of cotton, peanuts (groundnuts), sugar, and tobacco .It represents privatisation in the
outport development.

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(a) Malaygiri is a mountain peak in the Malayagiri hills ransituated in the Pal Lahara town near Kendujhar
in the district of Kendujhar of Orissa, India. It is the highest mountain in Orissa at an elevation of
1,187 metres. It is the peak of Garjat hills in Orissa known for its iron ore reserves Drained by Baitarni
River.
(b) Sibsagar town, eastern Assam state, northeastern India. Sibsagar lies on the Dikhu River, a tributary
of the Brahmaputra, 30 miles (50 km) east-northeast of Jorhat. Sivasagar is a heritage place in Assam
famous for the monuments of Ahom kingdom. Now it is a multi-cultural town.
(c) Khetri is a smelter located in Khetri, Rajasthan, India. It is active in the Copper extraction.It is known
for its Copper Project. The township of Khetri Nagar is built and is under control of the Hindustan
Copper Limited.
(c) Sindh River It is the tributary of Chambal and traverses substantially via Madhya Pradesh ,
Rajasthan.Thelower course of the river has bedland topography. It traverses via lime stone structureand
thus is strongly engaged in solution activity.
(d) Kalakot It is the coal producing city in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. It has Gondwana coal
deposit and is known for montane arid climatic conditions arid climatic conditions
(e) Nathula Pass is a pass on the Indo-China (Tibet) border in the state of Sikkim. The pass forms part
of an offshoot of the ancient Silk Route. Nathula Pass is located at an elevation of 4,310 m
(14,200 feet) above mean sea level. The route leading up to the pass is one of the world’s highest
Transportable roads, and is maintained by the Border Roads Organisation, a wing of the Indian Army.
(f) Renukoot city in south eastern Uttar Pradesh located on the arc of chottanagpur plateau it incorpo
rated developing agrarian characteristics.It is in close proxmity to Govind Bhallabh Pant Sagar resevoir
(g) Sabarigiri City in Chattisgarh in the Dand karnaya plateau.Iron ore reserves makes it economi
cally prominat.It is tribal dominated region of the country.
(h) Surendranagar also called Wadhwan city, central Gujarat state, west-central India. It is situated at the
centre of the base of the Kathiawar Peninsula.
(i) New Moore Island Aggradational island in northern bay of bengal.These were formed due to tropical
cyclonic stroms and is politically desputed between India and Bangladesh.The island was situated
only two kilometers from the mouth of the Hariabhanga River.
(j) Javadi hills range of hills, one of the larger of the Eastern Ghats, northern Tamil Nadu state, southeast
ern India. The hills are sparsely populated; grains, legumes, and oilseeds are the chief crops.
(k) Kolleru lake also called Colair Lake lake in northeastern Andhra Pradesh state, southern India. It lies
between the Godavari and Krishna river deltas near the town of Elaru (Ellore) It serves as a habitat for
various resident and migratory birds besides sustaining fishing, agriculture and related occupations of
the people dependent on it for livelihood.

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(a) Dharamshala It was formerly known as Bhagsu; it is the winter seat of government of the state of Himachal
Pradesh and the district headquarters of the Kangra district. Dharamshala is located in the Kangra Valley, in
the shadow of the Dhauladhar mountains. The city is divided into two distinct sections. Kotwali Bazaar and
the surrounding markets are referred to as "Lower Dharamshala" or just "Dharamshala." Further up the
mountain is McLeod Ganj separated in between by the village of Ganchen Kyishong.
(b) Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana. Gurgaon city is situated at the northern edge of
Aravali mountain ranges. The length of the district is about 21 km (13 mi) and the breadth is 27 km. Gurgaon
is one of Delhi's four major satellite cities and is part of the National Capital Region. In the western media, it
is often incorrectly called a "suburb" of New Delhi.
(c) Bodh Gaya is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple Complex in
Gaya district in the state of Bihar. It is famous for being the place where Gautama Buddha is said to have
obtained Enlightenment Bodhimandala). Buddhists, Bodh Gaya is the most important of the main four pilgrimage
sites related to the life of Gautama Buddha, the other three being Kushinagar, Lumbini, and Sarnath. In 2002,
Mahabodhi Temple, located in Bodh Gaya, became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
(d) Panna is a city and a municipality in Panna district in the state of Madhya Pradesh.It is famous for its diamond
mines. It is the administrative center of Panna District.large group of deposits extends North-East on branch
of vindhya range (240 km) or so, and is known as the Panna group. They do not cover an area of more than
20 acres (81,000 m2). Panna has a tiger reserve which is called Panna National Park.
(e) Aizawl is located north of the Tropic of Cancer in the northern part of Mizoram. It is situated on a ridge 1,132
metres above sea level, with the Tlawng river valley to its west and the Tuirial river valley to its east.
(f) Visakhapatnam is second largest city inAndhra Pradesh with an area of 550 km². It is primarily an industrial
city, apart from being a port city. It is also home to the Eastern Naval Command. The city is nestled among the
hills of the Eastern Ghats and faces the Bay of Bengal to the east. Visakhapatnam experiences a tropical
savanna climate (Köppen climate classificationAw) with little variation in temperature through the year. The
Visakhapatnam Port, the largest in the country, was the ideal gateway contributing to the development of
petroleum, steel and fertilizer industries. The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant.
(g) The Konkan Railway is a railway line which runs along the Konkan coast of India. It was constructed and
is operated by the Konkan Railway Corporation. It runs from Mangalore in Karnataka to Mumbai in
Maharashtra through Goa, along the west coast of India and Western Ghats. There are fifty-six stations on
the entire line.
(h) Kovalam is a suburb and a beach town on the Arabian Sea in Thiruvananthapuram city, Kerala, Kovalam is
extremely popular among westerners due to shallow waters and low tidal waves.
(i) Nagarjuna Sagar Dam is the world's largest masonry dam built across Krishna River in Nagarjuna Sagar,
Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh, Nagarjuna Sagar was the earliest in the series of large infrastructure
projects initiated for the Green Revolution in India; it also is one of the earliest multi-purpose irrigation and
hydro-electric projects in India.
(j) Periyar The Periyar protected area lies in the middle of a mountainous area of the Cardamom Hills. In the
north and the east Periyar is a protected area, and a nature reserve in the South Indian State of Kerala, set
high in the mountains of the Western Ghats along the border with Tamil Nadu. It lies in the districts of Idukki
and Pathanamthitta. National Park and Tiger Reserve, sometimes dubbed the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
(k) Nuclear Fuel Complex Located near the famous shrine of Moulali at Hyderabad. (NFC) was established
in 1971 as a major industrial unit of Department ofAtomic Energy, for the supply of nuclear fuel bundles and
reactor core components. It is a unique facility where natural and enriched uranium fuel, zirconium alloy
cladding and reactor core components are manufactured under one roof. NFC symbolizes the strong emphasis
on self-reliance in the Indian Nuclear Power Programme.

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(a) Butcher Island (Jawahar Dweep) is an island off the coast of Mumbai, India. It has an oil termi
nal used by the port authorities to offload it from oil tankers. The crude oil is stored in oil containers
on the island. From there they are piped to Wadala, in Mumbai where they are refined. This keeps the
city relatively safe from a mishap.
(b) Gopal Pur Beach It is a restricted area and most of the island is covered with dense vegetation. A
hillock rises from the centre of the island. It is locatedin the southern part of chilka lake in Orrisa
(c) Lavasa is being touted as India’s First hill station since Independence. It is being developed in accor
dance with the controversial Hill Station policy passed by the Maharashtra government. The project is
being developed by HCC India near Pune and Mumbai. It is spread over 12,500 acres (51 km2) of land
and is scheduled to be completed by 2021. The first phase (Dasave) is scheduled to become operational
by June 2009. It will be a self-equipped city developed on the principles of New Urbanism.
(d) Gandhi Sagar dam is the first of the four dams built on the Chambal river. It is located in the Mandsaur
district of Madhya Pradesh. It is a 64 metre high masonry gravity dam, with a live storage capacity of
6,920 Mm³ and a catchment area of 22,584 km². The dam was completed in the year 1960. The hydro-
power station comprises five generating units of 23 MW capacity each. The water released after power
generation is utilised for irrigation through Kota Barrage.
(e) Nam dapha Tiger Reserve and National Park, a true wilderness and enchanting beauty of lush green
vegetation, impenetrable pristine and virgin forests covered an area of 1985.23 square kilometres hav
ing diverse flora and fauna lies in the international border between India and Myanmar(Burma) within
Changlang District in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in the northeast India.
(f) Pampore or Pampur is well know as “Land of Gold (Saffron)”. The renowed town is full of historical
as well as archeological sites.Pulwama district is famous all over the world for the saffron cultivation
which is mainly grown in the Karewa lands of Pampore, Kakapora and Pulwama blocks.The Pulwama
district is also called RICE BOWL of Kashmir for maximum production of rice grains in the J & K
state.
(g) Barail Range Part of peninsular shield in Assam and Manipur laterite soil and dense forested tribal
dominated range it is drained by large number of brahamputra system rivers
(h) Palitana is a city, a municipality and former princely state in Bhavnagar district in the Indian state of
Gujarat. It is located 50 km South-West of Bhavnagar city and is a major pilgrimage centre for Jains.
(i) National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) is a constituent laboratory of CSIR - the Council of Scien
tific and Industrial Research, an autonomous research organization in India. The institute has its head
quarters in the coastal state Goa, and regional centres in Kochi , Mumbai and Vizag.
(j) Baltel base camp, to Sri Amarnath Shrine which is situated on the foothills of the Zojila pass
(k).Pindari glacier are the Kaphni, at the foot of Nandakot and Sunderdhunga glaciers. The glacier over
3.2 kilometers in length and 1.5 km. broad, backed by mighty mountains, loom-up on the traveler with
a gorgon gaze, leaving an indelible impression of grandeur. Situated on the Nanda Devi and Nanda
Kote peaks, it extends from 3657 M to above sea level, on an open, undulating piece of ground.
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(a) Akarimota The 250-megawatt Akarimota power project, The plant is coming up at Chher in Kutch
district, The first unit of the power plant will generate 125 MW of power and officials said close to 70
per cent work on this unit is already complete.
(b) Kolleru Lake is a freshwater lake. It is located in Andhra Pradesh state, India. Kolleru is located
between Krishna and Godavari delta. Kolleru spans into two districts - Krishna and West Godavari.
The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for these two rivers.
(c) Silent Valley The Silent Valley National Park is located in the Kundali Hills in Kerala, along the hill
ranges known as the Western Ghats. Silent Valley National Park is called Sairandhrivanam (the forest
in the valley). There are four distinct types of vegetation in this biodiversity intensive area. The rain
forest has moist tropical evergreen trees with teak, rosewood, amla, bamboo and semal.
(d) Amaravati River is a tributary of Kaveri River in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu state, South India.
It is continuation of the Pambar and Chinnar rivers in KeralaThe 175 km long Amaravati River begins
at the Kerala/Tamil Nadu border at the bottom of Manjampatti Valley between the Annamalai Hills
and the Palni Hills in Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park.
(e) Pirotan Island (also known as Pirothan) is an Arabian Sea island in the Marine National Park, Jamnagar
District of Gujarat state, India. It is located 12 nautical miles off the coast (Bedi Port), consists of
mangroves and low-tide beaches, and has an area of 3 square kilometres. Pirotan Island is the most
popular and is one of the two islands where visitors are normally permitted Visitation is strictly
limited, permission is required from the Forest Department, Customs Department and the Ports.
(f) Mangla Dam located in Mirpur District, is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was built from 1961
to 1967 with funding from the World Bank. The project was designed and supervised by Binnie and
Partners of London, and it was built by Mangla DamThe Mangla Dam is the twelfth largest dam in the
world. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River, about 67 miles (100 km).
(g) Meghnagar is a census town in Jhabua district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. As of 2001
India census, Meghnagar had a population of 10,316. Males constitute 52% of the population and
females 48%. Meghnagar has an average literacy rate of 62%, higher than the national average of
59.5%: male literacy is 69%, and female literacy is 54%. In Meghnagar, 18% of the population is
under 6 years of age.
(h) Shipkila is a mountain pass and border post on the India-China border. It is through this pass which
the river Satluj enters India (from Tibet).It is located in the state of Himachal Pradesh in India, and
Tibet Autonomous Region in People’s Republic of China. The pass is India’s third border post for trade
with China after Nathula in Sikkim, and Lipulekh in Uttarakhand.
(i) Bhachau is a city and a municipality in Kutch district in the state of Gujarat, India. Bhachau was one
of many devastated towns in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat, during the 2001 Gujarat
Earthquake.
(j) Sundarbans is the largest single block of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the world.[1] The name
Sundarban can be literally translated as “beautiful jungle” or “beautiful forest” in the Bengali language

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 (Sundar, “beautiful” and ban, “forest” or “jungle”). The name may have been derived from the
Sundari trees that are found in Sundarbans in large numbers.
(i) Source of Narmada The source of the Narmada is a small tank called Narmada Kund located on the
Amarkantak hill (1,057 m (3,467.8 ft)), in the Shahdol District of eastern Madhya Pradesh. The river
descends from the Amarkantak hill range at the Kapildhara falls over a cliff and meanders in the hills
flowing through a tortuous course crossing the rocks and islands up to the ruined palace of Ramnagar.
Between Ramnagar and Mandla, (25 km (15.5 mi)), further southeast, the course is comparatively
straight with deep water devoid of rocky obstacles.
(j) Gokak is a town and taluk headquarters in the Belgaum District of Karnataka state, India. It is located
around 70km from Belgaum at the confluence of two rivers, the Ghataprabha and the Markandeya. The
population of the city is approximately 67,000 and the common language in use is Kannada. The town
contains old Hindu temples with inscriptions. Gokak is also renowned for its sweets.

(k) Ken River is one the major rivers of the Bundelkhand region of central India, and flows through two
states, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. It is a tributary of the Yamuna, and originates near village
Ahirgawan in Jabalpur district and travels a distance of 427 km, before merging with the Yamuna at
Chilla village, near Fatehpur in Uttar Pradesh.It is famous for its rare Shajar stone. Banda city is
located on banks of river Ken.
(l) Bailadila range of mines is perched on the southern tip of Chattisgarh in Dantewada District. The
range comprises of 14 iron ore deposits rising to a height of 1260 metres above mean sea level.
Bailadila” range of hills derive its name from the shape of hills.
(m) Kutralam Falls is a group of waterfalls in southern India.The falls are located 160 kilometers from
Madurai and 59 kilometers from Tirunelveli at an elevation of about 167 meters on the Western Ghat
in Tirunelveli District. Kutralam has nine waterfalls; Peraruvi (Main Falls), Chitra Aruvi, Shenbaghadevi
Falls, Then Aruvi (Honey Falls), Aintharuvi (Five Falls), Puli Aruvi (Tiger Falls), Pazhaya Courtrallam
(Old Falls), Puthu Aruvi (New Falls), Pazhathotta Aruvi (Fruit Garden Falls.
(n) Dalma Hills are located near the industrial town of Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, eastern India. These
small hills are part of the Dalma Forest reserve, famous for its Asiatic elephants, and are a popular
trekking destination. Tata Steel and the Jharkhand Forest Department maintain two guest houses
atop the hills.
(o) Rangit River. Rangit Dam is Built on Rangit River for utilising / diverting water for generating
Hydroelectric power of 60 MW through a Plant located at approx. 10 Km downstream of this dam on
the left bank near Legship village. This Dam is Built and owned by National Hydroelectric Power
Corporation.
(p) Dhanjori It is the extension of Chottanagapur plateau in Singhbhum district.It is known for its Paleo
Proterozoic formations of granite with lava plateau of Tertiary.

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(a) Narcondam or Narcondum is a small volcanic island located in the Andaman Sea. Its central peak
rises some 710 m above mean sea level, and is formed of andesite. It is considered to be part of the
Andaman Islands, the main body of which lie approximately 114 km to the west. The island is small,
approximately 3 km×4 km. It was classified as a dormant volcano by the Geological Survey of India.
(b) Kavvayi is surrounded by small islands called kadappuram, which directly face the Arabian sea. Kavvayi
is a small island, near Payyannur in the Kannur district of Kerala state in India. The island is connected
to Payyannur by a small bridge on the Kavvayi Pozha (River of Kavvayi).

(c) Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. (KPCL) thus emerged as a dynamic new generation world class
port located in the East Coast of India, 180 km north of Chennai city in Nellore district of Andhra
Pradesh. The port is being built in three phases and currently the second phase of development is
underway. Port has numerous strengths like its area, location, weather and the credentials of CVR
group that is building this port to make it a port of choice for international cargo originating from and
destined for southern and central India.

(d) Shadnagar, the place that has very prominent place in Andhra Pradesh. The place is situated 50 km
from Hyderabad and 36 km from Shamshabad International airport and located on national highway
N.H 7. The place is very well known for first formation of Panchayat raj in Andhra Pradesh.

(e) Gahirmatha Beach is a beach in the state of Orissa. The beach separates the Bhitarkanika mangroves
from the Bay of Bengal, is the world’s most important nesting beach for Olive Ridley Sea Turtles. The
beach is part of Gahirmatha Marine Wildlife Sanctuary, which also includes the adjacent portion of the
Bay of Bengal. Gahirmatha is the only marine wildlife sanctuary of Orissa. The entire sanctuary area
comes within the revenue district of Kendrapara.

(f) Point Calimere also called Cape Calimere and Kodikkarai is a low headland on the Coromandel
Coast, in the Nagapattinam district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. It is the apex of the Cauvery
River delta, and marks a nearly right-angle turn in the coastline. A historic landmark here was the
Chola lighthouse, destroyed in the tsunami of 2004.The Point Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary includes
the cape and its three natural habitat types: dry evergreen forests, mangrove forests, and wetlands.
(g) JaitapurJaitapur is a small port situated in Rajapur Tehsil of Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra State,India. Jaitapur
lies on the Arabian sea coast.Jaitapur came into limelight due to the proposed Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project
by Nuclear Power Corporation of India. The Nuclear Power Plant was approved during Nicolas Sarkozy's
trip to India in December 2010.Jaitapur Nuclear Power Station will be the largest in the world, overtaking the
current largest 8,200 MW Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant in Japan.
(h) Parichha is a census town in Jhansi district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Parichha houses a 640
MW coal based power. It is located on Jhansi-Kanpur highway. Parichha Thermal Power Station is
located at Parichha in Jhansi district in the Indian state of Uttar pradesh , about 25 km from Jhansi.
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(i) Saltoro Kangri is the highest peak of the Saltoro Mountains, better known as the Saltoro Range,which is
a minor range of the Karakoram. It is one of the highest mountains on Earth, but it is in a very remote location
deep in the Karakoram. Due to danger from military operations, Saltoro Kangri is little visited. Areas just to
the west are controlled by Pakistan, to the east by India.
(j) Shencottah, is a town in Tamil Nadu, India, in the foothills of the Western Ghats. It is located roughly
5 km from the courtallam Waterfall, near the border with Kerala. Sengottai is surrounded by mountains
on two sides, and as a result possesses fertile soil. The flow of Kutrallam Waterfall is highly seasonal
and is dependent on rain in Kerala; the normal rainy season lasts from July through September.
Shencottah Gap (1500 ft) in the Western Ghats gives access to Kerala.
(k) Banas is a river of Rajasthan state in western India. It is a tributary of the Chambal River, which
in turn flows into the Yamuna, a tributary of the Ganges. The Banas is approximately 512 kilometres in
length. It is also known as ‘Van Ki Asha’ (Hope of forest).The Banas originates in the Khamnor Hills
of the Aravalli Range, about 5 km from Kumbhalgarh in Rajsamand District. It flows northeast through
Mewar region of Rajasthan, meets the Chambal near the village of Rameshwar in Sawai Madhopur
District. The cities of Nathdwara, Jahanpur, and Tonk lie on the river.

(l) Falgu River (also spelt Phalgu River which flows past Gaya, India in the Indian state of Bihar, is a
sacred river for Hindus. The Falgu is formed by the junction, near Bodh Gaya, of the Lilajan (also
called Niranjana or Nilanjan) and the Mohana, two large hill streams The united stream flows on to the
north past the town of Gaya, where it attains a breadth of over 900 yards. The Falgu here impinges on
a high rocky bank, on the steep sides of which are many paved stairs leading down to the river bed
eventually flow into a branch of the Punpun.

(m) Sirpur or Sirpur Tandura is a town and a Mandal in Adilabad district in the state of Andhra Pradesh
Sirpur is a thousand year old village famous for the Sirpur paper mills. Located at just about 50 km
from Raipur, Sirpur is an enchanting and historically significant tourists destination of Chhattisgarh
on the Kawardha - Kanker road.

(n) Sanand is a city and a municipality in Ahmedabad district in the Indian state of Gujarat. Tata Motors
in June 2010 rolled out the first Nano cars from its main manufacturing plant at Northcote Cattle Farm.

(o) Dras is a town in the Kargil District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is often called ‘The Gateway to
Ladakh’ The town shot into prominence in the summer of 1999 following Pakistani-backed incursions
into Jammu and Kashmir. The Dras valley starts from the base of the Zojila pass, the Himalayan
gateway to Ladakh.

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(a) Badami It is located at the mouth of a ravine between two rocky hills and surrounds Agastya tirtha
water reservoir on the three other sides. formerly known as Vatapi, is a town and headquarters of a
taluk by the same name, in the Bagalkot district of Karnataka, India. Badami is famous for its sandstone
cave temples.

(b) Mandvi is a port city located where the Rukmavati River meets the Gulf of Kachchh. Because Mandvi
has no rail transport, the nearest public airport and train station is Bhuj. Mandvi is a unique town which
captures the true Gujarat, Kutchi culture. Mandvi also incorporates the neighbouring villages of Nagalpur
and Moti Rayan. Mandvi is a town of merchants and seamen, both mutually benefiting from each
other.

(c) Dodital is a freshwater lake in Uttarakhand. It is as an elevation of 3024 meters above mean sea level,
north of Uttarakashi. Crystal clear waters are surrounded by dense Oak Woods, Pine, Deodar and
Rhododendrons. The lake is full of fishes and is known for some of the rare species like the Himalayan
Golden Trout.

(d) Yanam is one of the regions in the Union Territory of Puducherry . which is 870 Kms away from it. It
is situated on the East Coast of the Indian Peninsula bounded on all sides by the East Godavari District
of Andhra Pradesh State. The town of Yanam lies on the spot where the River Coringa(Atreya) branches
off from Gauthami into two parts.

(e) Netarhat It is a plateau covered with thick forest Located in the Pat region of Chota Nagpur Plateau,
Netarhat plateau is about 6.4 km long and 4.0 km broad. It consists of crystalline rocks and has a
summit capped with sandstone trap or laterite.

(f) Shamshabad is a suburban village and a mandal headquarters, located on the outskirts of Hyderabad,
Andhra Pradesh, Currently the biggest project in Hyderabad, the new international airport, related to
the city.

(g) Lakshmana Tirtha is a river of India that has its origin in Kodagu district and flows eastward. It joins
the Kaveri in the Krishna Raja Sagara lake.

(h) Bara-lacha la is a high mountain pass in Zanskar range, connecting Lahaul district in Himachal Pradesh
to Ladakh in Jammu and Kashmir, situated along the Leh-Manali highway. The pass also acts as a
water-divide between the Bhaga river and the Yunam river.

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(i) Kakolat waterfall a stunning little hidden wonder of nature, situated on the beautiful Kakolat hill,
located on the border of Bihar and Jharkhand, just 33 km from Nawada. This is one of the most visited
and renowned Bihar getaway. The Kakolat waterfall of Bihar cascades down from a height of between
150 to 160 feet and forms a natural reservoir at the base of the waterfall.

(j) Singrauli Singrauli is emerging as India’s Energy capital, it is also call as Urjanchal (a Hindi word
which means land of energy). The total installed capacity of all thermal power plants at Singrauli is
around 10% total installed capacity of India.it is bituminous coal deposit of river son valley.

(k) Daphla Hills is a tract of hilly country on the border of western Arunachal and Assam occupied by an
independent tribe called Daphla. It lies to the north of the Tezpur and North Lakhimpur subdivisions,
and is bounded on the west by the Aka Hills and on the east by the Abor Range.

(l) Tree Island Located in Lakshwadeep Island Agatti group, it makes the location of eco tourism, as
declared by Lakshwadeep Tourism Corporation. The islands are the northernmost among the
Lakshadweep-Maldives-Chagos group of islands, which are actually the tops of a vast undersea mountain
range, in the Indian Ocean, the Chagos-Laccadive Ridge.

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1. The name of the park is originated from the Manas River, Manas National Park or Manas Wildlife
Sanctuary is a Wildlife Sanctuary, UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, a Project Tiger Reserve, an
Elephant Reserve and a Biosphere Reserve in Assam, India. Located in the Himalayan foothills, it is
contiguous with the Royal Manas National Park in Bhutan. The park is known for its rare and endangered
endemic wildlife such as the Assam Roofed Turtle, Hispid Hare, Golden Langur and Pygmy Hog.Manas
is famous for its population of the Wild water buffalo.

2. Bhachau is a city and a municipality in Kutch district in the state of Gujarat, India. Bhachau was one
of many devastated towns in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat, during the 2001 Gujarat
Earthquake Cities, towns and places near Bachau include Buchow, Bhachau, Wondh and Chirai M.
The closest major cities include Jamnagar, Rajkot, Ahmadabad and Gandhinagar.

3. Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system from Allahabad to Haldia was declared as National Waterway
No.1 It became operative from 27th Oct 1986 after the formation of the IWAI. The waterway extends
from Haldia to Allahabad for a distance of 1620 kms.The Hooghly river portion of the waterway from
Haldia to Nabadwip is tidal.Sea going vessels navigate up to Calcutta (140 kms) and the fairway up to
Calcutta is maintained by the Calcutta Port Trust. From Calcutta up to Tribeni there is no restrictions
for navigation by inland vessels of a loaded draft up to 4m. From Nabadwip to Jangipur the waterway
is formed by Bhagirathi river.

4. Indravati River is a tributary of the Godavari River, located in central India. The river Indravati rises
at an altitude of 914 m in the Kalahandi district of Odisha on the western slopes of the Eastern Ghats.
It originates from the Eastern Ghats of Dandakaranya range in Kalahandi district and flows in a westerly
direction; enters into Jagdalpur in Chhattisgarh state. It further traverses in the westerly direction and
thereafter in southern direction before finally meeting Godavari River at the border of Maharashtra,
Chhattisgarh and Andhra Pradesh. The river during its course forms the boundary between the states of
Maharashtra and Chhattisgarh at various places.
5. Amaravati River is a tributary of Kaveri River in Coimbatore and Tirupur, Tamil Nadu state, South
India. It is continuation of the Pambar and Chinnar rivers in Kerala. The 175 km long Amaravati River
begins at the Kerala/Tamil Nadu border at the bottom of Manjampatti Valley between the Annamalai
Hills and the Palni Hills in Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park in Tirupur district. It
descends in a northerly direction throughAmaravathi Reservoir and Amaravathi Dam at Amaravathinagar.
It is joined by the Kallapuram River at the mouth of the Ajanda valley in Udumalaipettai.

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6. Pir Panjal is the largest range of the lower Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej river, it dissociates
itself from the Himalayas and forms a divide between the rivers Beas and Ravi on one side and the
Chenab on the other. The famous Murree and Galliat mountains are also located in this range.
7. Narcondam or Narcondum is a small volcanic island located in the Andaman Sea. Its central peak
rises some 710 m above mean sea level, and is formed of andesite. It is considered to be part of the
Andaman Islands, the main body of which lie approximately 114 km to the west. The island is part of
the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is small, approximately
3 km×4 km. It was classified as a dormant volcano by the Geological Survey of India. The island is
formed from a volcano, which had not known to have been active in recent times, until on June 8, 2005
there were reports of “mud and smoke” being ejected from the volcano.
8. Kharkai River is a river in eastern India. It is one of the major tributaries of the Subarnarekha River.
It flows through Adityapur region of Jamshedpur It arises in Mayurbhanj district, Odisha, on the north
slopes of Darbarmela Parbat and the western slopes of Tungru Pahar, of the Simlipal Massif. It flows
past Rairangpur and heads north to about Saraikela and then east, entering the Subarnarekha in
northwestern Jamshedpur. Its tributaries in Orissa include the Kardkai, on the left; the Kandria, Nusa
and Barhai on the right; and the Karanjia on the left. For about nine kilometers below the junction with
the Karanjia, the Kharkai forms the boundary between Odisha and Jharkhand State
9. Kalahandi is a district of Odisha in India. Kalahandi district and Koraput district were the ancient places
where people started cultivation of paddy. In ancient time it was known as Mahakantara (meaning Great
Forest) and Karunda Mandal. Odisha state in India as Kalahandi district comprising current Kalahandi
district and Nuapada district. In 1967, Kashipur block from Kalahandi district was transferred to Rayagada
district for administrative reason. In 1980s, Kalahandi name became associated withbackwardness and starvation
death, which is known as “Kalahandi Syndrome”.[4] Despite its backwardness its one of the rich region
in terms of history, agriculture, forest resources, gemstone, bauxite.
10. KakraparAtomic Power Station (KAPS) is a nuclear power station in India, which lies in the proximity
of the city of Surat in the state of Gujarat. It consists of two 220 MW pressurized water reactors with
heavy water as moderator (PHWR). KAPS-1.
11. Murshidabad is located on the southern bank of the Bhagirathi, a tributary of the Ganges River. The
district comprises two distinct regions separated by the Bhagirathi River. To the west lies the Rarh, a
high, undulating continuation of the Chota Nagpur plateau. The eastern portion, the Bagri, is a fertile,
low-lying alluvial tract, part of the Ganges Delta. The District is having the largest Power Plant at
Sagardeghi 12 km from Raghunathganj, it also having a Central power plat at Farraka NTPC Generating
1600MW power.AHydropower project is upcoming in the district.

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12. Khetri Nagar is a town in Jhunjhunu district of Rajasthan in India. It is part of Shekhawati region. Khetri is
actually two towns, the first “Khetri Town” was founded by Raja Khet Singhji Nirwan. The other is the town
of “Khetri Nagar”, which is about 10 km away from Khetri. It is known for its Copper Project. Khetri is
situated at the foothills of the Aravalli Range, which hosts copper mineralization, giving rise to a 80 km
long metallogenetic province from Singhana in the north to Raghunathgarh in the south, popularly known as
Khetri Copper Belt. The belt comprises of tightly folded Proterozoic metasediments that rest over basement
gneisses and is a part of the North Delhi fold belt.
13. Pawapur or Pava is a holy site for Jains located in the Nalanda district in the Bihar state of Eastern India.
now a major pilgrimage spot for Jains. Another Jain temple called Samosharan is located here.
14. North Koel River rises on the Ranchi plateau and enters Palamau division, below Netarhat near Rud.
After flowing nearly due west for about 20 miles (30 km) it turns north at an almost complete right
angle through a gorge at Kutku, and flows through the centre of the district till it falls into the Son a few
miles north-west of Haidarnagar. North Koel River flows through the Indian state of Jharkhand. In
many places the reaches of this river present scene of great beauty and sometimes even of grandeur,
such as the rocky bed and rapids north of Hutar and the gorge at Kutku.
15. Konkan Highway National Highway 17, commonly referred to as NH 17, connects Mumbai-Goa. It
passes through different towns, example Panvel, Pen, Kolad, Mangoan, Indapur Mahad, Poladpur,
Khed, Chiplun, Hatkhamba (Ratnagiri), Rajapur, Panaji Generally highways significantly impacts on
local economic growth and development, as well as associated population growth. NH 17 has led to
rapid development of Kokan towns and cities along the highway.

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1. Mishmi Hills Geomorphically, Mishmi Hills are divided into 2 sections – the flood plains of tributaries of
Bramhaputra river and the Arunachal Himalayas consisting of snow-capped mountains, lower Himalayan
ranges and Shivalik ranges. This hilly area is characterised by steeply sloping landform, sub-tropical evergreen
forest and high rainfall. Much of these hills fall in the Dibang valley

2. Lipulekh (elevation 5,334 m or 17,500 ft) is a Himalayan pass connecting the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand
in the Pithoragarh district in India with the old trading town of Taklakot (Purang) in Tibet. It has been used
since ancient times by traders, mendicants and pilgrims transiting between India and Tibet. This is used by
Manasarovar pilgrims. Presently, it is a border post manned by the Indo-Tibetan Border Police. Lipulekh pass
is connected to Chang Lobochahela, near the old trading town of Purang (Taklakot), in Tibet.

3. The Beas River is a river in north India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, India,
and flows for some 470 kilometres (290 mi) to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab. Its total length is
470 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres (7,839 sq mi) large

4. Rihand dam is a concrete gravity dam with a length of 934.21 m. The maximum height of the dam is 91.44 m
and was constructed during period 1954-62. The dam comprises 61 independent blocks and ground joints.
The powerhouse is situated at the toe of the dam, with installed capacity of 300 MW (6 units of 50 MW each).
The Intake Structure is situated between blocks no. 28 to 33. The Dam is in distress condition. It is proposed
to carry out the rehabilitation works in the dam and the powerhouse. The F.R.L. of the dam is 268.22 m and
it impounds 8.6 MillionAcre ft of water. It is one of the biggest reservoir by its gross storage capacity in India
but sufficient water is not flowing in to the reservoir. Many super thermal power stations are located in the
catchment area of the dam. These are Singrauli, Vindyachal, Rihand, Anpara & Sasan super thermal power
stations and Renukoot thermal station.

5. Amarnath cave is a Hindu shrine located in Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is dedicated to Shiva. The cave is
situated at an altitude of 3,888 m (12,756 ft) about 141 km (88 mi) from Srinagar, the capital of Jammu and
Kashmir and reached through Pahalgam town. The shrine forms an important part of Hinduism and is considered
to be one of the holiest shrines in Hinduism.The cave is surrounded by snowy mountains. The cave itself is
covered with snow most of the year except for a short period of time in summer when it is open for pilgrims.
Thousands of Hindu devotees make an annual pilgrimage to the Amarnath cave on challenging mountainous
terrain to see an ice stalagmite formed inside the cave.

6. Rajgir is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Bihar. The city of Rajgir was the
first capital of the kingdom of Magadha, a state that would eventually evolve into the Mauryan Empire. Its date

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 of origin is unknown, although ceramics dating to about 1000 BC have been found in the city. This area also
notable in Buddhism and Jainism as one of the favorite places for Mahavira and Gautama Buddha and the well
known “Atanatiya” conference was held at Vulture’s Peak mountain.

7. Sindri is an industrial township within the Dhanbad municipal limits of the Dhanbad District of Jharkhand state.
Sindri was well known because of a large Fertilizer factory (Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited - FCI,
closed in 2002) conceived here in the early industrialized India. It was also known for few other companies
situated here such as ACC Limited (formerlyAssociated Cement Company Limited), Coal Mines of Indian
Iron and Steel Company (IISCo), which has been taken over by SteelAuthority of India Limited (SAIL) and
Projects and Development India Limited (PDIL), formerly Planning & Development Division of FCI and Coal
Mines of the Bharat Coking Coal Limited, a subsidiary company of Coal India Limited. Another subject of
topographical importance is the Damodar river which acted both as source of water and electricity for the
township. A hydro-power power project called Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is located at Maithon
and Panchet near Sindri. DVC supplies eco-friendly electricity to some its neighbouring states like West
Bengal, Bihar and Orissa.

8. Churk The southern region of Sonebhadra is referred to as the “ Energy Capital of India “; this region has
many electrical power stations around Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar. NTPC (a leading power generation company
in India) has three coal-based thermal power plants at Shaktinagar (India’s first NTPC Power Plant),
Vindhyanagar (largest capacity in India, 3260 MW) and Bijpur (Rihandnagar). Other power stations are at
Anpara (UPRVUNL), Obra (UPRVUNL), Renusagar (Hindalco & Pipri-Hydro(UPRVUNL). NCL (a branch
of Coal India Limited) has its headquarters and many coal mines in this region. Hindalco has a major aluminium
plant at Renukut.

9. The Indira Gandhi Canal is one of the biggest canal projects in India.It starts from the Harike Barrage at
Sultanpur, a few kilometers below the confluence of the Sutlej and Beas rivers in Punjab state.Irrigation
facilities to the north-western region of Rajasthan, a part of the Thar Desert. It consists of the Rajasthan feeder
canal (with the first 167 km in Punjab and Haryana and the remaining 37 km in Rajasthan) and 445 km of the
Rajasthan main canal which is entirely within Rajasthan.This canal enters into Haryana from Punjab near
Lohgarh village of Haryana,then running in western part of district Sirsa it enters into Rajasthan near Kharakhera
village (Tehsil:Tibbi,district:-Hanumangarh) of Rajasthan. The IGNP traverses seven districts of Rajasthan:
Barmer, Bikaner, Churu, Hanumangarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, and Sriganganagar

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1. Guru Shikhar, a peak in theArbuda Mountains of Rajasthan, is the highest point of the Aravalli Range. It rises
to an altitude of 5,676 feet (1722 meters). It is 15 km from Mount Abu and a road from there leads almost to
the top of the mountain.A cave at the summit contains a temple of Dattatreya, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
Adjacent to the temple is the Mt Abu Observatory operated by the Physical Research Laboratory. This
observatory hosts a 1.2m infrared telescope and also severalAstronomy experiments

2. Bhor Ghat or Bor Ghat, Bhore Ghaut, is a mountain passage located between Karjat and Khandala in
Maharashtra, India along the railway line and between Khopoli and Khandala for road Old Mumbai Pune
Road and the Mumbai Pune Expressway.Situated on the crest of the Western Ghat mountain ranges, Bhor
Ghat is noted for its surroundings comprising scenic waterfalls, lakes and dense woods.

3. Shravanabelagola is a city located near Channarayapatna of Hassan district in the Indian state of Karnataka
and is 158 km from Bangalore. The statue of Gommateshvara Bahubali is one of the most important pilgrimage
destinations in Jainism, one that reached a peak in architectural and sculptural activity under the patronage of
Western Ganga Dynasty of Talakad.

4. Kalibangân is a town located at southern banks of the Ghaggar (Ghaggar-Hakra River), identified by some
scholars with Sarasvati River in Tehsil Pilibangân, between Suratgarh and Hanumângarh in Hanumangarh
district, Rajasthan, India 205 km. from Bikaner. It is also identified as being established in the triangle of land
at the confluence of Drishadvathi and Sarasvathi Rivers. Kalibangan’s excavation report was published in its
entirety in 2003 by the Archaeological Survey of India, 34 years after the completion of excavations. The
report concluded that Kalibangan was a major provincial capital of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan is
distinguished by its unique fire altars and “world’s earliest attested ploughed field
5. Sagar Island is an island in the Ganges delta, lying on the continental shelf of Bay of Bengal about 100 km (54
nautical miles) south of Kolkata. It belongs to the Republic of India and is governed by the State government
of West Bengal. The island is large with an area of 224.3 km², lying between 21°36’to 21°56’north latitude
and 88°2’to 88° 11’east latitude. It has 43 villages and a population of over 160,000.The largest village is
also named “Ganga Sagar” or “Gangasagar”.Although. Sagar island is a part of SunderbanAdministration, it
does not have any tiger habitation or mangrove forests or small river tributaries as is characteristic of the
overall sunderban delta.

6. Adani Ports Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (APSEZ) is located in the Gulf of Kutch on the
west coast of India (Latitude: 22º 43’ 88’ N; Longitude: 69º 42’ 34’ E), situated 60 km west of Gandhidham
in Kutch district of Gujarat.APSEZ is ideal for global trade due to multiple benefits. It situated enroute most

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 international shipping destinations. The gulf acts as a natural shelter for the port, facilitating 24x7 safe berthing,
unberthing and vessel operations. The port also provides a distance advantage to the northern and western
hinterland of India vis-a-vis other ports. This makes it the natural gateway for the cargo hubs functioning in the
northern and western states of India as well as the NCR.

7. Chandipur, also known as Chandipur-on-sea, is a small sea resort in Baleswar District, Odisha, India. The
resort is on the Bay of Bengal and is approximately 16 kilometers from the Baleswar Railway Station. The
beach is unique in that the water recedes from 1 to 4 kilometers during the ebb tide. Due to the unique
circumstances, the beach supports bio-diversity. Horseshoe crab is also found here on the beach towards
Mirzapur, the nearby fishing market and community at the confluence of the Budhabalanga River(Balaramgadi).It
is a suitable picnic spot.Panthanivas (govt odisha) is also situated here.
8. Mahendragiri is the name of a hill in Tirunelveli District, South Tamil Nadu. It is part of the southern tip of the
Western Ghats, with an elevation of 1,645.2 metres (5,398 ft). ISRO Propulsion Complex, a test facility for
Indian Space Research Organisation’s launch vehicle and satellite propulsion systems, is situated on the lower
slopes of this mountain.

9. Hazira is a town and a transshipment port in the Surat district in the Gujarat state in southwestern India.Hazira
is one of the major ports of India and the most important element of Surat Metropolitan Region. It is known as
the industrial hub of India. The town is located on the bank of the Tapti River, eight kilometres from the
Arabian Sea. It is a centre for health tourism due to its natural springs, and a base for major industrial and
shipping facilities like Essar, Kribhco, Shell, Larsen & Toubro, NTPC, ONGC, GAIL, Gujarat State Petroleum
Corporation, UltraTech Cement and Reliance Industries.

10. Vembanad (Vembanad Kayal or Vembanad Kol) is the longest lake in India, and the largest lake in the
state of Kerala. It is also counted as one of the largest lakes in India. A lake spanning several districts in the
state of Kerala, it is known by different names in different localities viz. Punnamada Lake in Kuttanad, Kochi
Lake in Kochi. The Port of Kochi is located around two islands (the Willingdon Island and Vallarpadam) in a
portion of this lake known as the Kochi Lake. The celebrated Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a
portion of this lake; in the Kuttanad region, known as the Punnamada Lake. High levels of pollution have
been noticed at certain hotspots of the Vembanad backwaters. Government of India has identified the Vembanad
wetland under National Wetlands Conservation Programme.

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1. Tharangambadi is located in the southeastern part of Tamil Nadu, India. It is a town situated in the Nagapattinam
district, approximately 15 km north of Karaikal. Tharangambadi is famous for tourist attractions such as the
Danish Fort, Danish Museum, and the village itself. It is a small, wind-blown town with a populace of fisherman.
This village has been called the “Village of the Dancing Waves,” since 700 of the village fishermen were lost
during a tsunami.
2. Namcha Barwa is a mountain in the Tibetan Himalaya. The traditional definition of the Himalaya extending
from the Indus River to the Brahmaputra would make it the eastern anchor of the entire mountain chain, and
it is the highest peak of its own section as well as Earth’s easternmost peak over 7,600 metres. Namcha
Barwa is in an isolated part of southeastern Tibet rarely visited by outsiders.
3. Narcondam or Narcondum is a small volcanic island located in theAndaman Sea. Its central peak rises some
710 m above mean sea level, and is formed of andesite. It is considered to be part of the Andaman Islands,
the main body of which lie approximately 114 km to the west. The island is part of the Indian union
territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is small, covering an area of approximately 6.8 square
kilometres. It was classified as a dormant volcano by the Geological Survey of India.

4. Khajjiar is a hill station in Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh, India, located approximately 24 km from
Dalhousie. Khajjiar sits on a small plateau with a small stream-fed lake in the middle that has been covered
over with weeds. Often called India’s Switzerland, the exquisite glade of Khajjiar (1960m) has a circumference
of about 5 km. Along its fringes, thick forests of deodar climb the slopes, the snow-line rests above these
woods.
5. Chunchanakatte Falls is a waterfall on the Kaveri River, near the village of Chunchanakatte in krishnarajanagar
taluk of Mysore district, Karnataka, India. Water cascades from a height of about 20 meters. It is in the
Western Ghats
6. Nokrek National Park, or Nokrek Biosphere Reserve, is a national park located Approximately 2 km
from Tura Peak in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya, India. UNESCO added this National park to its list
of Biosphere Reserves Nokrek has a remnant population of the Red panda. Nokrek is also an important
habitat of the Asian elephants.
7. Gorakhnath Girnar Mountain is about 1100m (3630 ft) high and is an extinct volcano. It is 4km east of
Junagadh and is the main tourist attraction in the area. On the plateau about 180m (600 ft) from the top of the
hill, is a group of beautifully carved Jain temples built between 1128 and 1500. Gorakhnath is a 1,649 ft / 503
m mountain peak near Junagadh, Gujarât, in these mountains.
8. Polavaram is a multi-purpose irrigation project which has been accorded national project status by the
central government.This dam across the Godavari River is under construction located in West Godavari
District and East Godavari Districtin Andhra Pradesh state and its reservoir spreads in parts
of Chhattisgarh and Odisha States also. Polavaram is a village in West Godavari district ofAndhra Pradesh,
India. It is about 35 km away from the banks of Godavari River at Papi Hills of Eastern Ghats. It consists of
23 villages, 4 in plain area and 19 in scheduled area.
9. Anamudi is the highest peak in the Western Ghats in India, having an elevation of 2,695 metres Anamudi is
also the highest point in South India. The peak is not exceptionally dramatic in term of steepness or local relief
and is a Fault-block mountain. It is located in the southern region of Eravikulam National Park at the junction
of the Cardamom Hills, the Anaimalai Hills and the Palani Hills. The nearest town is Munnar, 13 kilometres .
10. Indrakiladri Peak Vijayawada is bounded by the Indrakiladri Hills on the west and the Budameru River on
the north. These hills are part of the Eastern Ghats cut through by the Krishna river. They have very low
elevation compared to the average elevation of the ghats.

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1. Pir Panjal Range is a group of mountains in the Inner Himalayan region, running from east-southeast
(ESE) to west-northwest (WNW) across the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir and
Pakistan administered Kashmir, where the average elevation varies from 1,400 m (4,600 ft) to4,100 m
(13,500 ft). The Himalayas show a gradual elevation towards the Dhauldhar and Pir Panjal ranges. Pir Panjal
is the largest range of the lower Himalayas. Near the bank of the Sutlej river, it dissociates itself from the
Himalayas and forms a divide between the rivers Beas and Ravi on one side and the Chenab on the other.
The The Banihal pass (2,832 m (9,291 ft)) lies at the head of the Vitasta river at the southern end of the
Kashmir valley. Banihal and Qazigund lie on either side of the pass.The Sinthan pass connects Jammu and
Kashmir with Kishtwar. Rohtang La (altitude 3,978 m (13,051 ft)) is a mountain pass on the eastern Pir
Panjal range connecting Manali in the Kullu Valley to Keylong in the Lahaul Valley.

2. Indravati River This river is a stream of the river Godavari. Its starting point is found to be the Ghats of
Dandakaranya range from a hilltop village Mardiguda of Thuamula Rampur Block in the Kalahandi
district of the state of Odisha due to the amalgamation of three streams, The River follows a westerly path
and enters Jagadalpur in the state of Chhattisgarh. The river moves from here in a southern route, before
eventually uniting with the Godavari at the borders of three states. They are the state of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra
and Telangana. The river at a variety of stages of its course forms the boundary between Chhattisgarh and
Maharashtra. The river Indravati is also known as the oxygen of the Bastar district of state of Chhattisgarh.
This district is one of the greenest and eco-friendly districts, found in the whole of India.

3. Nathu La The pass is 54 km (34 mi) east of Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim and 430 km (270 mi) from Lhasa,
the capital of Tibet. In the winter, the pass is blocked by heavy snowfall. However, it is known that in the
higher reaches of the Himalayas around the region, summer temperature never exceeds 15 °C (59 °F). Nathu
La has moderately shallow, excessively drained, coarse, and loamy soil on a steep slope (30–50%) with
gravelly loamy surface, moderate erosion, and moderate stoniness. It has several sinking zones and parts of it
are prone to landslides. To preserve the fragile environment of Nathu La on the Indian side, the government of
India regulates the flow of tourists. Road maintenance is entrusted to Border Roads Organisation, a wing of
the Indian Army. On the Chinese side the pass leads to the Chumbi Valley of the Tibetan Plateau.

4. Jog Falls is created by the Sharavathi River dropping 253 m (830 ft), making it the second-highest plunge
waterfall in India. The Sharavati, flowing over a very rocky bed about 250 yards (230 m) wide, here reaches
a tremendous chasm, 290 m (960 ft) deep, and the water comes down in four distinct falls. The Raja Fall
pours in one unbroken column sheer to the depth of 830 ft (250 m). Halfway down it is encountered by the
Roarer, another fall, which precipitates itself into a vast cup and then rushes violently downwards at an angle
of forty-five degrees to meet the Raja. Athird fall, the Rocket, shoots downwards in a series of jets; while the
fourth, the Rani, moves quietly over the mountain side in a sheet of foam.

5. Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish water lake or lagoon in India, after Chilika Lake. It straddles the
border of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states with over 96% of it in Andhra Pradesh and 3% in Tamil
Nadu situated on the Coromandal Coast in South India. The lake encompasses the Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary.

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 The barrier island of Sriharikota separates the lake from the Bay of Bengal and is home to the Satish Dhawan
Space Centre.

6. Kudankulam plant it is the country’s largest nuclear power project and is designed to help meet a surging
demand for electricity. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant is a nuclear power station situated in Kudankulam
in the Tirunelveli district of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. This is a joint Russia-India project. It’s
investment cost to India was estimated to be US$ 3 billion (Rs.13,615 Crores) in a 2001 agreement.

7. Nalanda Nalanda district occupies an area of 2,355 square kilometres (909 sq mi). The Phalgu, Mohane,
Jirayan, and Kumbhari rivers flow through it. The district is a part of Patna Division. Nalanda University was
one of the first universities in the world, founded in the 5th Century BC, and reported to have been visited by
the Buddha during his lifetime. At its peak, in the 7th centuryAD, Nalanda held some 10,000 students and
2000 teachers when it was visited by the Chinese scholar Xuanzang.

8. Kudremukh National Parkis the second largest Wildlife Protected Area (600.32 km2) belonging to a tropical
wet evergreen type of forest in the Western Ghats. Kudremukh National Park is located in Dakshina
Kannada, Udupi District and Chikkamagaluru districts of the State of Karnataka. The Western Ghats is one
of the thirty four hotspots identified for bio-diversity conservation in the world. Kudremukh National Park
comes under the Global Tiger Conservation Priority-I, under the format developed jointly by the Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS) and World Wide Fund-USA.

9. The southern and western sides of the park form the steep slope of the Western Ghats ridge line, with the
altitude varying from 100 m - 1892 m (peak). The northern, central and the eastern portions of the park
constitute a chain of rolling hills with a mosaic of natural grassland and shola forests. Kudremukh receives an
average annual rainfall of 7000 mm, largely due to the forest types of mainly evergreen vegetation that can be
found here.

10. Headquarters of NE Railways Gorakhpur is a city located along the banks of Rapti river in the eastern part
of the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located near the Nepal border, 273 kilometres east of the state
capital Lucknow. It is the administrative headquarter of Gorakhpur District and Gorakhpur Division. The city
is home to the Gorakshanath Temple (Gorakhnath Math). Gorakhpur is one of the most flood-prone districts
in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

11. Farakka barrage was constructed by Hindustan Construction Company. Out of 109 gates, 108 are over
the river and the 109th one over the low-lying land in Malda, as a precaution. The Barrage serves water to
the Farakka Super Thermal Power Station. There are also sixty small canals which can divert some water to
other destinations for drinking purposes etc.

12. The purpose of the barrage is to divert 1,100 cubic metres per second (40,000 cu ft/s) of water from the
Ganges to the Hooghly River for flushing out the sediment deposition from the Kolkata harbour without the
need of regular mechanical dredging.

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1. Thumba is a suburb of Thiruvananthapuram city, capital of Kerala, India. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
(VSSC) had a small beginning at Thumba, a coastal village at Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of
Kerala on the south west coast of India, in 1962. Thumba was a unique choice because of its proximity to
the geomagnetic equator. The Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launch Station (TERLS) was established in
1962 for this purpose under UN sponsorship. Apart from Indian payload, sounding rockets from many
other countries (including United States, Russia, Japan, France, Germany) were also launched from Thumba,
as part of mutual international collaboration.

2. Nayachar Located at the confluence of Hooghly and Haldi River in Purba Medinipur, Nayachar Island is
an excellent eco-tourism destination. It is located within 10 km off the Sundarbans biosphere reserve
which is one of the worlds richest in terms of biodiversity. The 47 sq km area is largely inhabited by
fishermen. Nayachar has mangrove swamp, casuarinas and coconut plantation and parts are covered by
wild grass. It is also native to the king Cobra and various endangered butterflies. The water around the
island is also native to the endangered Gangetic Dolphins. As per records Nayachar Island is one of the
recently formed islands in the world. It is a flat island with the raised soil surface of about 1.5 m above the
sea. Island has typical high tides and ecology similar to the Sundarbans.
3. Doddabetta is the highest mountain in the Nilgiri Hills at 2,637 metres (8,650 feet). There is a reserved
forest area around the peak. It is 9 km from Ooty, on the Ooty-Kotagiri Road in the Nilgiris district of
Tamil Nadu, India. It is a popular tourist attraction with road access to the summit. It is the fourth highest
peak in South India next to Anamudi, Mannamalai and Meesapulimala. The area surrounding Doddabetta
is mostly forested. Sholas cover the hollows of its slopes. Slightly stunted, rhododendron trees, in the midst
of thick coarse grass, flowering sub-alpine shrubs and herbs are common, even very near the peak.
4. Devasthal is an observatory in the district of Nainital in Uttarakhand state of India. The literal meaning of
the place is “abode of god”. The observatory is situated in the Western Himalayan region at an altitude of
2450 meters. Devasthal peak is an emerging optical astronomical site for Indian telescopes. Currently, a
130-cm optical telescope is working at the site. The sites are managed by theAryabhatta Research Institute
of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital. The site has already received a 360-cm telescope and a
400-cm liquid mirror telescope which was completed in year 2014. A survey for installing solar telescope
is also being carried out near the peak. The place is well equipped with guest house, canteen, internet
connection, water and electric supply since 2008.
5. Pangong Tso Tibetan for “high grassland lake”, also referred to as Pangong Lake, is an endorheic lake in
the Himalayas situated at a height of about 4,350 m (14,270 ft). It is 134 km (83 mi) long and extends from
India to China. Approximately 60% of the length of the lake lies in China. The lake is 5 km (3.1 mi) wide
at its broadest point. All together it covers 604 km2. During winter the lake freezes completely, despite
being saline water. It is not a part of Indus river basin area and geographically a separate land locked river
basin. The lake is in the process of being identified under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland of international
importance. This will be the first trans-boundary wetland in SouthAsia under the convention. The brackish
water of the lake has very low micro-vegetation. There are some species of scrub and perennial herbs that
grow in the marshes around the lake. The lake acts as an important breeding ground for a variety of birds

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 including a number of migratory birds. During summer, the Bar-headed goose and Brahmini ducks are
commonly seen here. The region around the lake supports a number of species of wildlife including the
kiang and the Marmot.
6. Hampi is situated on the banks of the Tungabhadra River in the eastern part of central Karnataka near the
state border with Andhra Pradesh. Hampi, also referred to as the Group of Monuments at Hampi, is a
UNESCO World Heritage Site located in east-central Karnataka, India. It became the centre of the Hindu
Vijayanagara Empire capital in the 14th-century. Hampi ruins are spread over 4,100 hectares (16 sq mi)
and has been described by UNESCO as an “austere, grandiose site” of more than 1,600 surviving remains
of the last great Hindu kingdom in South India that includes “forts, riverside features, royal and sacred
complexes, temples, shrines, pillared halls, mandapas, memorial structures, water structures and others”.
7. Havelock island is a picturesque natural paradise with beautiful white sandy beaches, rich coral reefs and
lush green forest. It is one of the populated islands in the Andaman group with an area of 113 sq. km. and
is located 39 km of north-east of Port Blair. This island, with beautiful sandy beaches fringed with green
canopy of the rain-fed forests beckons everyone to enjoy the frolic and fun at the azure sea. Havelock is
one of the few places that the administration of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands union territory of India
has permitted and encouraged development of tourism, with a focus on promoting eco-tourism.
8. The Luni is also known as the Lavanaravi or Lavanavati, which means “salt river” in Sanskrit, due high
salinity of its water. It originates in the Pushkar valley of theAravalli Range, near Ajmer, passes through the
southeastern portion of the Thar Desert, and ends in the marshy lands of Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, after
travelling a distance of 495 km. It is first known as Sagarmati, then after passing Govindgarh, it meets its
tributary Saraswati, which originates from Pushkar Lake, and from then on it gets its name Luni. In 1892,
Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Jodhpur constructed Jaswant Sagar in Pichiyak village between Bilara and
Bhavi of Jodhpur district. It is one of the largest artificial lakes in India, and irrigates more than 12,000
acres (49 km2).
9. Daringibadi is a hill station in Odisha state of eastern India. It is widely known as “Kashmir of Odisha”,
situated at a height of 915 m in Kandhmal district,the place has pine jungles, coffee gardens and beautiful
valleys. Daringbadi is set in a beautiful spot surrounded by thick rain forests with wild animals, and is a
popular summer resort. During the British rule, there was a british officer named Dering who had discovered
this place and named it by his own name as Deringbadi, badi stands for village. Located in the tribal
dominated Kandhamal district, Daringbadi has many natural green valleys and most importantly the snow
fall is popularly called as the ‘Kashmir of Odisha’. Here the dews turns into ice at the night. Surrounded by
thick rain forests, wild animals,.
10. Dudhsagar Falls (literally Sea of Milk ) is a four-tiered waterfall located on the Mandovi River in the
border of the Indian state of Goaand Karnataka. It is 60 km from Panaji by road and is located on the
Madgaon-Belgavi rail route about 46 km east of Madgaon and 80 km south of Belgavi. Dudhsagar Falls
is amongst India’s tallest waterfalls with a height of 310 m (1017 feet) and an average width of 30 metres
(100 feet). The falls is located in the Bhagwan Mahaveer Sanctuary and Mollem National Park among the
Western Ghats. The waterfall forms the border between Karnataka and Goa states. The area is surrounded
by a deciduous forests with a rich biodiversity. The falls are not particularly spectacular during the dry
season but during the monsoon season however, the falls are fed by rains and form a huge force of water.

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1. The Shyok River flows through northern Ladakh in India and the Ghangche District of Gilgit–Baltistan of
Pakistan spanning some 550 km. The Shyok River, a tributary of the Indus River, originates from the Rimo
Glacier, one of the tongues of Siachen Glacier. The river widens at the confluence with the Nubra River.

2. Mawlynnong is a village in the East Khasi Hills district of the Meghalaya state in North East India. It is famous
for its cleanliness and natural attraction. It comes under the Pynursla community development block and
Vidhan Sabha constituency. It is also referred as ‘God’s own garden’.

3. Shravasti is located near the West Rapti River and is closely associated with the life of Gautama Buddha.
Shravasti district is one of the districts of the Uttar Pradesh state of India and Bhinga town is district
headquarters. Shravasti district is a part of Devipatan Division. According to Government of India, the
district Shravasti is one of the minority concentrated district.

4. The Kori Creek is a tidal creek in the Kutch region of the Indian state of Gujarat. This region belonging to
India is a part of the Indus River Delta most of which lies in Sindh, Pakistan. The Sir Creek, laying around
33 km northwest of Kori Creek, is a disputed area between India and Pakistan.

5. Amarkantak is a pilgrim town and a Nagar Panchayat inAnuppur, Madhya Pradesh, India. The Amarkantak
region is a unique natural heritage area and is the meeting point of the Vindhya and the Satpura Ranges, with
the Maikal Hills being the fulcrum. This is where the Narmada River, the Son River and Johila River emerge.

6. Ghatshila is a town on the Subarnarekha River, in the east Indian state of Jharkhand. Set among forested hills,
it’s home to Ghatsila Rankini Mandir, a temple dedicated to the goddess Kali and decorated with brightly
painted carvings of Hindu deities. To the north, Phuldungri Hillock overlooks the town, and Burudi Lake is a
popular picnic spot. Northwest, elephants and deer roam through Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary.

7. Tawang is a mountain town inAsia. India considers it to be part of the state ofArunachal Pradesh, while China
claims it as part of South Tibet. It’s home to the 17th-century Tawang Monastery, a hilltop structure housing a
massive gilded Buddha statue. The War Memorial commemorates soldiers who died in the 1962 Chinese-
Indian War. Nearby, tranquil Penga Teng Tso (P. T. Tso) Lake attracts migratory birds in summer

8. The Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary in the southern state of Kerala in India is spread over the southeast corner
of the Western Ghats, and covers a total area of 128 km². Neyyar dam is a gravity dam on the Neyyar
River in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, South India, located on the foot of the Western Ghats about
30 km from Thiruvananthapuram. It was established in 1958 and is a popular picnic spot. Lying against the
southern low hills of the Western Ghats, Neyyar Dam has a scenic lake.

9. Dandeli is a town in the western Indian state of Karnataka. The Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary, with its trails and
dense forests, is home to animals including black panthers, monkeys and elephants, as well as many bird
species. Atemple stands at the entrance to the limestone Kavala Caves, known for their stalagmite formations.
West of the caves, Anshi National Park encompasses the Kali Tiger Reserve.

10. Mulshi is an administrative block in Pune district, which has its name after a small village in the heart of the
Mulshi valley in India. The region is an eco-tourism hotspot, and outside of town there are many guest houses
and gardens. Mulshi Dam on Mula river proves to be an amazing weekend getaway from Pune. The luscious
area around the dam is dotted by many forts, bridges, and waterfalls. The dam is the favorite spot for the
visitors as here they get ample opportunities to go on trekking, bird-watching.

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1. Lothal is located in the state of Gujarat, about 85 km southwest of Ahmedabad. It was on the banks of the
mythical river Saraswati, which has since dried up.The major attractions in Lothal are the vast ruins of the
ancient city. The most important are the sites of the ancient dockyard, the acropolis, the lower town, the bead
factory, the warehouses, and the drainage system.
2. Beas River rises at an elevation of 4,361 metres at Rohtang Pass in the western (Punjab) Himalayas ,a
section of the vast Himalayas mountain range, in central Himachal Pradesh. From there it flows south through
the Kullu Valley, receiving tributaries from the flanking mountains, and then turns west to flow past Mandi into
the Kangra Valley. After crossing the valley, the Beas enters Punjab state and veers south and then southwest
to its confluence with the Sutlej River at Harike after a course of about 470 km.It develops BIST doab with
Sutlej River
3. Chikhaldara Situated in the district of Amravati, the town of Chikhaldara is best known for its Wildlife
Sanctuary. The region is about 1120 m above sea level and is the sole coffee plantation area in Maharashtra.The
flora consists of trees of mahua, dhaoda, ain, kusum, tiwas, teak and bamboo. The Melghat Tiger Project is
home to about 82 of the few remaining tigers in India.The Chikhaldara Sanctuary has animals like the flying
squirrel, mouse deer, porcupine, langur, chausingha, blue bull, Indian bison, wild dog, leopard, pangolin,
rhesus monkey, wild boar, ratel, spotted deer, barking deer, sambar, sloth bear and tiger to name a few.
4. Narora is a town located on the banks of river Gangas, in district Bulandshahr, Uttar Pradesh.The Narora
Atomic Power Station (NAPS) services the northern power grid of India.The barrage on Ganga, diverting
most of the water of the mighty Ganga to the Lower Ganga canals going to large number of districts of Uttar
Pradesh. This barrage constructed during 1962 to 1967 has a unique feature: a fish pass
5. Lengpui Airport is a domestic airport inAizawl, Mizoram. The airport is connected by flights to Kolkata,
Imphal and is located at a distance of 32 km fromAizawl, the capital of Mizoram. LengpuiAirport is the first
large airport in the country to be built by the State Government .The airport is one among the three airports in
India that has a table top runway (others being Kozhikode and Mangalore) which creates an optical illusion
that requires a very precise approach from the pilot.
6. Kuldiha Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the Balasore district of Odisha. The sanctuary is spread across
272.75 km2 in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region. It is linked with Simlipal National Park via the Sukhupada
and Nato hill ranges. It is classified as an Eastern Highlands moist deciduous forests ecoregion. It is famous
for the Mayurbhanj Elephant Reserve that spreads across Simlipal, Kuldiha and Hadgarh wildlife reserves.
Odisha’s government took recognition of the environmental damage being done by private operators to many
parks, sanctuaries and reserves resulting in a sustainable threat to biodiversity. It came up with an ecotourism
focus to conserve the pristine state of nature while making it economically viable with a PPP model
7. Thenmala is a town of tourist attraction near Punalur town, Kollam district in Kerala, It lies just north of the
Thenmala Dam, which spans the Kallada River. The Elevated Walkway winds through a thick canopy of
trees, home to many native birds. To the east, Pathimoonam Kannara Bridge is a 13-arched bridge along a
mountain railway route. Farther east, the Palaruvi Falls cascade into a deep pool.
8. Anamudi is a mountain located in the Indian state of Kerala. It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and
South India, at an elevation of 2,695 metres and a topographic prominence of 2,479 metres. It lies on the
border of Devikulam Taluk, Idukki district and Kothamangalam Taluk, Ernakulam district. It is the highest
peak in the Western Ghats and South India, at an elevation of 2,695 metres. It has Eravikulam National Park
9. Barren Island is an island located in theAndaman Sea. It is the only confirmed active volcano in SouthAsia,
and the only active volcano along a chain of volcanoes from Sumatra to Myanmar.Alarge depression around
the active vent — a hole spewing gases, ashes, and lava — is a hallmark of a volcanic eruption. The satellite
images showed that vents which were active during January 2017 were located in a depression formed by a
volcanic eruption of 2005 and not 1991, confirming that the recent volcanic activity is a continuation of an
eruption that took place in 2005.Barren Island comes under the restricted zone and special permits has to be
taken to visit Barren Island. In addition, no one is allowed to land on the Barren Island.
10. Durgaduani Creek The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy made an assessment of the potential of
tidal energy in India, it is estimated that the country can produce 100 MW of power in the Gangetic delta of
Sunderbans in West Bengal. The country’s first Tidal Power Plant has been proposed to be set up in Durgaduani
Creek of Sundarbans.On technical and financial grounds it has been terminated.

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1. Vadhawan The port is to be built on 5,000 acres of land which is reclaimed near the town Dhanu. It is a part
of the national infrastructure development plan Vadhavan Port will be implemented by Public-Private Partnership
(PPP). Vadhavan port has myriads benefits to serve. One of the prime advantages is its natural draft which is
about 20m close to the shore. It will aid in accommodating huge container ships as well as breakbulk cargo
liquid including LNG.

2. Salkhan Fossils Park, officially known as Sonbhadra Fossils Park, is a fossil park in Uttar Pradesh. The
fossils in the park are estimated to be nearly 1.4 billion years old. The park is spread over an area of about 25
hectares in the Kaimoor Wildlife range. The fossils found in the Sonbhadra Fossils Park are algae and
stromatolites types of fossils. The park is spread over an area of about 25 hectares in Kaimur Range, adjacent
to Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary.

3. Coorg officially known as Kodagu, is the most affluent hill station in Karnataka. Coorg is a popular coffee
producing hill station. It is popular for its beautiful green hills and the streams cutting right through them. It also
stands as a popular destination because of its culture and people. The Kodavas, a local clan specializing in
martial arts, are especially notable for their keen hospitality.

4. Mhow officially Dr. Ambedkar Nagar, is a cantonment in the Indore district in Madhya Pradesh state It lies on
the southern Malwa Plateau, the watershed of the Chambal and Narmada river basins.It remains an important
cantonment; a small fort and military camp are there.

5. Umroi Shillong Airport is a domestic airport serving Shillong, the capital of Meghalaya, India. It is located at
Umroi, situated 30 km (19 mi) from the city centre. AAI upgraded infrastructure at Shillong, with the installation
of an Instrument landing system, extension of runway and removal of flight-path obstructions, under the UDAN
scheme.

6. Thoothukudi is a port city, a municipal corporation and an industrial city in Tamil Nadu. The city lies in the
Coromandel Coast of Bay of Bengal. Traditionally known as “Pearl City” on account of the prevailing Pearl
fish in the past in the area. Thoothukudi, besides being a major port, the earliest settlement of the Portuguese
and the Dutch.

7. Bargarh is a city and municipality in Bargarh district in the state of Odisha. It is the administrative headquarters
of Bargarh District. Bargarh is popularly known for intensive cultivation of ‘paddy’, therefore called “Bhata
Handi” of Odisha State

8. Atal Tunnel is a highway tunnel built under the Rohtang Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range of the Himalayas
on the Leh-Manali Highway in Himachal Pradesh.It has officially been certified by World Book of Records, as
the ‘World’s Longest Highway Tunnel above 10,000 Feet’.

9. Gurushikhar a peak in the Arbuda Mountains of Sirohi district in Rajasthan, is the highest point of the Aravalli
Range and Rajasthan. It rises to an elevation of 1,722 metres Mount Abu has more then 17 Nature Trails and
pathways suitable for adventurous activities approved by the department of forest passing through the jungle.

10. Bum La is a border pass between China’s Cona County in Tibet and India’s Tawang district in Arunachal
Pradesh. It is 37 km away from the town of Tawang in India’s Tawang district and 43 km from the town of
Tsona Dzong in China’s Cona County Bumla pass height from sea level is 15200 ft from sea level , and it is
covered with heavy snow around the year .

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1. Ziro Valley Ziro is a town of the Lower Subansiri district in of Arunachal Pradesh. It is included the
Tentative List for UNESCO’s World Heritage Site for the Apatani cultural landscape It is famous for paddy-
cum-pisciculture cultivation. The area is renowned for the terrace paddy fields where the unique system of
poly-culture and water management is practiced by the local people. Mainly inhabited by the Apatani tribe.

2. Khecheopalri Lake originally known as Kha-Chot-Palri, is a lake located near Khecheopalri village, 147
kilometres west of Gangtok in the West Sikkim district of the Northeastern Indian state of Sikkim. The lake
is sacred for both Buddhists and Hindus, and is believed to be a wish fulfilling lake. The local name for the
lake is Sho Dzo Sho.

3. Toranmal is a Hill Station in the municipal council of the Nandurbar district in Maharashtra. It is a hill station
located in the Satpura Range. Toranmal is adorned with nature’s best elements, Salubrious weather, lush
green surroundings, tranquil lakes and gushing cascades of waterfall.Its Gorakhnath Temple is the site of a
Yatra attended by thousands of devotees on Mahashivratri.

4 Subarnarekha River originates near Nagri village in Ranchi district of Jharkhand at an elevation of 600 m.
The total length of the river is about 395 km. The word “Subarnarekha” literally means “streak of gold.” It is
a combination of two words; “Subarna” meaning gold and “rekha” meaning line or streak in Indian lan-
guages. Traditionally, it is believed that gold was mined at a village named Piska near the origin of the river.

5. Koderma district of Jharkhand state has been famous worldwide for mica minning, specially for ruby mica.
The district had the monopoly in producing mica for years and themica was exported to many countries
worldwide. The main reserve of mica is found under the forest of mild life sanctuary of Kodarma.

6. Sir Creek originally Ban Ganga, is a 96-km tidal estuary in the uninhabited marshlands of the Indus River
Delta on the border between India and Pakistan. The creek flows into the Arabian Sea and separates
Gujarat state in India from Sindh province in Pakistan.

7. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary also known as Periyar Tiger Reserve, is in the mountainous Western Ghats of
Kerala, southern India. This wildlife sanctuary is home to tigers and a significant elephant population, as well
as rare lion-tailed macaques, sambar deer, leopards and Indian bison. In the park’s north, Periyar Lake is
popular for boat rides. Farther north, spice plantations surround the town of Kumily.

8. Peechi Dam thrissur is situated 22 km outside Thrissur city in Kerala, India. The dam was started as an
irrigation project for the surrounding villages in Thrissur. At the same time, it catered the drinking water needs
of the population of Thrissur City.

9. Digha Beach Digha is West Bengal’s most popular sea resort and tourist spot is described as the ‘Brighton
of the East’. Digha has a low gradient with a shallow sand beach with gentle waves, that extends 7 kms in
length. Digha is the beach which is known as one of the widest beaches all over the world.

10. Pamban Island also known as Rameswaram Island, is an island located between peninsular India and Sri
Lanka, on the Rama Setu archipelago. The second largest island in the latter, Pamban Island belongs to India
and forms the Rameswaram taluk of the Ramanathapuram district of the state of Tamil Nadu.

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1. Tarangambadi , formerly Tranquebar, is a town in the Mayiladuthurai district of the state of Tamil Nadu on
the Coromandel Coast. It lies 15 kilometres north of Karaikal, near the mouth of a distributary named
Uppanar of the Kaveri River.The beach in Tharangambadi has been identified as the one of the most
Ozone-rich beaches in the world.
2. Mahe The Treaty of Cession signed in 1956 is the primary reason why Puducherry and other French
settlements are a union territory today and not merged in the states in which they are situated.The territory
of Puducherry consists of four non-contiguous enclaves, located in three states of southern India .Mahé,
also known as Mayyazhi, is a small town in the Mahé district of the Puducherry Union Territory. It is situated
at the mouth of the Mahé River and is surrounded by the State of Kerala. The Kannur District surrounds
Mahé on three sides and Kozhikode District from one side. Formerly part of French India,The culture and
geography of this area are like almost all of those in the Malabar Coast of Kerala.
3. Bomdila is the headquarters of West Kameng district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Bomdila is one of
the 60 constituencies of the state .Bomdi La pass situated at an altitude of 4331 m near the western boundary
of Arunachal Pradesh in the Greater Himalayas, this pass connects Arunachal Pradesh with Lhasa.
4. Dhola Sadiya Bridge The Bhupen Hazarika Setu, commonly known as the Dhola Sadiya Bridge, is a
beam bridge in India, connecting the northeast states ofAssam andArunachal Pradesh/The bridge is the first
permanent road connection between the northernAssam and easternArunachal Pradesh. At 9.15 kilometres
in length, it is the longest bridge in India over water.
5. Talakaveri is the place that is considered to be the source of the river Kaveri and a holy place for many
Hindus. It is located on Brahmagiri hills near Bhagamandala in Coorg district, Karnataka State. It is located
close to the border with Kasaragod district. It is famous for its coffee plantations, steep hills, countless
streams, rich flora & fauna, lush forests.
6. Satkosia Satkosia Tiger Reserve is a tiger reserve located in the Angul district of Odisha, India covering
an area of 988.30 km². Drained by river Mahanadi it is also known as Gorge Sanctuary. Is major eco-
tourism location in Odisha.
7. Dholavira Dholavira site is India’s most prominent archaeological site associated with the Indus Valley
Civilization. The site is the larger of the two most remarkable excavations of the Harappan Civilisation
dating back to about 4,500 years ago.India’s nomination of Dholavira, the Harappan City in the Rann of
Kutch, Gujarat has been inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage list.
8. Sonmarg has ancient importance because it was a gateway on the ancient Silk Road that connects Kashmir
with China. It provides as a base camp for Ladakh and is militarily very important for India. In the winter,
Sonamarg becomes a valley covered in white gold .It has is zero point which is basically a snow covered
point on the way to Zojila Pass from Sonmarg. Sledding and snow biking are the main activities.
9. Maliku Atoll is an uninhabited islet in Lakshadweep, India. It is located at the southwestern end of
Minicoy’s reef . Also called Viringili , it is barely 200 m in length. Formerly the lepers of Minicoy were
banished to this island where they lived in abject conditions. Maliku Atoll has a lagoon with two entrances in
its northern side, Saalu Magu on the northeast and Kandimma Magu on the northwest. Its western side is
fringed by a narrow reef and coral rocks awash. The interior of the lagoon is sandy and of moderate depth,
rarely reaching 4 m. It has some coral patches.
10. Gangasagar is an island in the Ganges delta, lying on the continental shelf of Bay of Bengal about 100 kms
south of Kolkata. The island is large with an area of 224.3 kms. Gangasagar is a charming tourist destination,
which attracts both pilgrims and adventure lovers. The island of Gangasagar is one of the most famous
Hindu pilgrimage centres in India. Every year on Makar Sankranti (mid-January), pilgrims from all over
India, gather at Gangasagar for a holy dip at the confluence of the River Ganga and the Bay of Bengal.
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1. Nathula Pass is located 54 km east of Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim. it is in the Dongkya Range of the
Himalayas,The pass, at 4,310 m, connects the towns of Kalimpong and Gangtok to the villages and towns of
the lower Chumbi Valley. Located on the Old Silk Route, Nathu La Pass connects Sikkim to China’s Tibet
Autonomous Region.

2. Hatti is a census town in Raichur district in the Indian state of Karnataka. This town is located near
Lingsugur taluk, 20 km from Lingsugur. Hatti is famous for gold mining; the area surrounding the gold mines
is incorporated as a separate town, the Hatti Gold Mines notified area council.Owned by the Government of
Karnataka, HGML has two plants located in Hutti and Chitradurga. HGML mines gold from its main gold
mine located in Hutti and other satellite mines.

3. Ross Island, officially known as Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island, is an island of the Andaman Islands.
It belongs to the South Andaman administrative district, Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The island is situated
3 km east from central Port Blair. The historic ruins are a tourist attraction.

4. Moreh is an international border town located on the India–Myanmar border in Tengnoupal district of the
Indian state of Manipur.Moreh holds immense geographical significance as the border town allows tourists
to get acquainted with the culture of Myanmar through the border town of Tamu, which lies at a short
distance of 5 km across the border. The town is famous for wooden art where you can find wooden art and
craft in the market.

5. Ramappa Temple, also known as the Rudreswara temple, is a Kakatiya style Hindu temple dedicated to the
Hindu god Shiva, located in Telangana, India. It has been has been selected as a World Heritage Site by the
UNESCO.13th-century engineering marvel, named after its architect – Ramappa. The Ramappa Temple
showcases the outstanding craftsmanship of the great Kakatiya dynasty.

6. Namdapha National Park is a 1,985 km² large protected area in Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh
of Northeast India. The park was established in 1983. With more than 1,000 floral and about 1,400 faunal
species, it is a biodiversity hotspot in the Eastern Himalayas.

7. Sela Tunnel is an under-construction road tunnel at 3,000 metres which will ensure all-weather connectivity
between Guwahati in Assam and Tawang in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. This tunnel will be the
longest bilane tunnel in the world at 13,000 feet.This tunnel is expected to facilitate faster deployment of
troops and weaponry to forward areas in the Tawang region.

8. Kamarajar Port Limited, formerly Ennore Port, is located on the Coromandel Coast, Chennai about 18 km
north of Chennai Port. It is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India which is a public company.
The Kamarajar Port Limited is the only corporatised major port and is registered as a company.One of the
fastest growing seaports in India

9. Ramagundam is a city under municipal corporation in Ramagundam district of the Indian state of Telangana.
It is the most populous city in the district and falls under the Ramagundam revenue division. It is located on
the banks of the Godavari River.NTPC Ramagundam, a part of National Thermal Power Corporation, is a
2600 MW Power station situated at Ramagundam in Peddapalli district in the Indian state of Telangana,
India. It is the current largest power station in South India. It is the first ISO 14001 certified “Super Thermal
Power Station” in India.

10. The Betwa is a river in Central and Northern India, and a tributary of the Yamuna. It rises in the Vindhya
Range just north of Narmadapuram in Madhya Pradesh and flows northeast through Madhya Pradesh and
Orchha to Uttar Pradesh. Nearly half of its course, which is not navigable, runs over the Malwa Plateau.Betwa
river also known as Vetravati river The Rajghat Dam is a large water reservoir and inter-state dam project
of the governments of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh

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