ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA NACIONAL

E Scientia Hominis Salus

FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MECÁNICA

TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR AVANZADA
Deber 1
Nombre: Alisson Herrera
Grupo: GR2

3.154 An air heater consists of a steel tube

𝑊
(𝑘 = 20 𝑚𝐾 ), with inner and outer radio of 𝑟1 = 13𝑚𝑚
and 𝑟2 = 16𝑚𝑚, respectively, and eight integrally
machined longitudinal fins, each of thickness 𝑡 = 3 𝑚𝑚.
The fins extend to a concentric tube, which is of radius
𝑟3 = 40 𝑚𝑚 and insulated on its outer surface. Water at
a temperature 𝑇∞,𝑖 = 90°𝐶 flows through the inner tube,
while air at 𝑇∞,𝑜 = 25°𝐶 flows through the annular
region formed by the larger concentric tube.
a. Sketch the equivalent thermal circuit of the heater and relate each thermal resistance to
appropriate system parameters.
𝑊 𝑊
b. If ℎ𝑖 = 5000 𝑚2 𝐾 and ℎ𝑜 = 200 𝑚2𝐾 , what is the heat rate per unit length?
c. Assess the effect of increasing the number of fins N and/or the fin thickness t on the heat
rate, subject to the constraint that 𝑁𝑡 < 50 𝑚𝑚.

Solución:
a)

Las resistencias representadas, se pueden expresar como:

𝑟
1 ln(𝑟2 ) 1
′ ′ 1 ′ =
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣,𝑖 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑅𝑡,𝑜
ℎ𝑖 2𝜋𝑟1 2𝜋𝑘 𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑜 𝐴′𝑡

De donde se conoce que:

𝑁𝐴𝑓′
𝜂𝑜 = 1 − (1 − 𝜂𝑓 )
𝐴′𝑡

𝐴𝑓′ = 2𝐿 = 2(𝑟3 − 𝑟2 )

𝐴′𝑡 = 𝑁𝐴𝑓′ + (2𝜋𝑟2 − 𝑁𝑡 )

tanh𝑚𝐿
𝜂𝑓 =
𝑚𝐿
 b)
Entonces, a partir de la ecuaciones obtenidas, con los datos del problema se tiene:

′
1 1 −3
𝑚𝐾
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣,𝑖 = = = 2,45 × 10
ℎ𝑖 2𝜋𝑟1 (5000)2𝜋(13 × 10−3 ) 𝑊
𝑟
ln ( 2 ) ln(16) 𝑚𝐾
′ 𝑟1 13
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = = = 1,65 × 10−3
2𝜋𝑘 2𝜋(20) 𝑊

𝐴𝑓′ = 2(𝑟3 − 𝑟2 ) = 0,048 𝑚

𝐴′𝑡 = 𝑁𝐴𝑓′ + (2𝜋𝑟2 − 𝑁𝑡 ) = 8(0,048) + (2𝜋 × 0,016 − 8 × 0,003) = 0,461𝑚

tanh𝑚𝐿
𝜂𝑓 = = 0,49
𝑚𝐿
𝑁𝐴𝑓′ 8 × 0,048
𝜂𝑜 = 1 − ′ (1 − 𝜂𝑓 ) = 1 − (1 − 0,49) = 0,575
𝐴𝑡 0,461

′
1 1 𝑚𝐾
𝑅𝑡,𝑜 = ′ = = 1,89× 10−2
𝜂𝑜 ℎ𝑜 𝐴𝑡 0,575 × 200 × 0,461 𝑊

Así,
𝑇∞,𝑖 − 𝑇∞,𝑜
𝑞′ = ′ ′ ′
𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣,𝑖
+ 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 + 𝑅𝑡,𝑜
(90 − 25) 𝐾 𝑊
𝑞′ = = 2826,087
𝑚𝐾 𝑚𝐾 𝑚𝐾 𝑚
2,45 × 10−3 −3 −2
𝑊 + 1,65× 10 𝑊 + 1,89 × 10 𝑊

c) Los efectos de variar el valor del espesor y del número de aletas,

3.155 Determine the percentage increase in heat transfer associated with attaching aluminum
fins of rectangular profile to a plane wall. The fins are 50 mm long, 0.5 mm thick, and are equally
𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑠
spaced at a distance of 4 mm (250 ). The convection coefficient associated with the bare wall
𝑚
𝑊 𝑊
is 40 𝑚2 𝐾 , while that resulting from attachment of the fins is 30 𝑚2 𝐾 .

Solución:
El esquema del problema se puede presentar como:

Evaluando los parámetros de la aleta:

𝑡
𝐿𝑐 = 𝐿 + = 0,05025 𝑚
2
𝐴𝑝 = 𝐿𝑐 𝑡 = 0,05025 × 0,5 × 10−3 = 25,13 × 10−6 𝑚2
1
1 𝑊 2
3 ℎ 2 3 30 2
𝐿2𝑐 (
𝑤
) = (0,05025)2 [ 𝑚 𝐾 ] = 0,794
𝑘𝐴𝑝 𝑊
240 𝑚𝐾 × 25,13× 10−6 𝑚2

De la Figura se tiene que 𝜂𝑓 ≈ 0.72, entonces:

𝑞 𝑓 = 𝜂𝑓 𝑞 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0,72ℎ𝑤 2𝑤𝐿𝜃𝑏

𝑊 𝑊
𝑞 𝑓 = 0,72× 30 2 × 2 × 0,05𝑚 × (𝑤𝜃𝑏 ) = 2,16 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 )
𝑚 𝐾 𝑚𝐾
Con las aletas, la tasa de transferencia de calor es:
𝑞 𝑤 = 𝑁𝑞 𝑓 + (1 − 𝑁𝑡 )𝑤ℎ𝑤 𝜃𝑏
𝑊 𝑊
𝑞 𝑤 = 250 × 2,16 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 ) + (1 − 250 × 5 × 10−4 𝑚) × 30 2 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 )
𝑚𝐾 𝑚 𝐾
𝑊
𝑞 𝑤 = 566 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 )
𝑚𝐾
Por el contrario, sin aletas se tiene:
𝑊
𝑞 𝑤𝑜 = ℎ𝑤𝑜 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 ) = 40 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 )
𝑚𝐾
Por lo tanto, el porcentaje incrementado en la tasa de transferencia de calor es:
𝑊
𝑞 𝑤 − 𝑞 𝑤𝑜 (566 − 40) 𝑚𝐾 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 )
= 𝑊 = 13,15 = 1315%
𝑞 𝑤𝑜 40 (𝑤𝜃𝑏 )
𝑚𝐾

3.157 Aluminum fins of triangular profile are attached to a plane wall whose surface temperature
is 250°C. The fin base thickness is 2 mm, and its length is 6 mm. The system is in ambient air at
𝑊
a temperature of 20°C, and the surface convection coefficient is 40 𝑚2𝐾

a. What are the fin efficiency and effectiveness?

b. What is the heat dissipated per unit width by a single fin?

Solución:

a. Conociendo que 𝐿𝑐 = 𝐿 = 0,006𝑚, entonces:

𝐿𝑡 (0,006𝑚)(0,002𝑚)
𝐴𝑝 = = = 6 × 10−6 𝑚2
2 2
1
1 𝑊 2
3 ℎ𝑤 2 3 40 2
𝑚 𝐾
𝐿2𝑐 ( ) = (0,006)2 [ ] = 0,077
𝑘𝐴𝑝 𝑊
240 𝑚𝐾 × 6 × 10−6 𝑚2

De acuerdo con la figura siguiente, la eficiencia es aproximadamente 𝜂𝑓 ≈ 0,99

Así, la tasa de transferencia de calor es:
1/2
𝑡 2
𝑞 𝑓 = 𝜂𝑓 𝑞 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜂𝑓 ℎ𝐴𝑓(𝑡𝑟𝑖 ) 𝜃𝑏 = 2𝜂𝑓 ℎ𝑤 [𝐿2 +( ) ] 𝜃𝑏
2

Además, la efectividad de la aleta es:

1/2 1/2
𝑡 2 𝑡 2
𝑞𝑓 2𝜂𝑓 ℎ𝑤 [𝐿2 + ( ) ] 𝜃𝑏 2𝜂𝑓 [ 𝐿2 + ( ) ]
2 2
𝜀𝑓 = = =
ℎ𝐴𝑐,𝑏 𝜃𝑏 ℎ(𝑤𝑡)𝜃𝑏 𝑡
1/2
0,002 2
2
2 × 0,99 × [(0,006) + ( 2 ) ]
𝜀𝑓 = = 6,02
0,002
b. La disipación de calor por unidad de ancho es:

1/2
𝑞𝑓 𝑡 2
𝑞𝑓′ = = 2𝜂𝑓 ℎ [𝐿2 + ) ]
( 𝜃𝑏
𝑤 2
1

′
𝑊 2
0,002 2 2 𝑊
( )
𝑞𝑓 = 2 × 0,99 × 40 2 × [ 0,006 + ( ) ] (250 − 20)𝐾 = 110,8
𝑚 𝐾 2 𝑚
3.159 Annular aluminum fins of rectangular profile are attached to a circular tube having an
outside diameter of 50 mm and an outer surface temperature of 200°C. The fins are 4 mm thick
and 15 mm long. The system is in ambient air at a temperature of 20°C, and the surface convection
𝑊
coefficient is 40 .
𝑚2 𝐾

a. What are the fin efficiency and effectiveness?

b. If there are 125 such fins per meter of tube length, what is the rate of heat transfer per
unit length of tube?

Solución:

a. Los parámetros del sistema resultan como:

𝑡
𝑟2𝑐 = 𝑟2 + = 40𝑚𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑚 = 0,042𝑚
2
𝑡
𝐿𝑐 = 𝐿 + = 15𝑚𝑚 + 2𝑚𝑚 = 0,017𝑚
2
𝑟2𝑐 0,042𝑚
= = 1,68
𝑟1 0,025𝑚

𝐴𝑝 = 𝐿𝑐 𝑡 = 0,017𝑚 × 0,004𝑚 = 6,8 × 10−5 𝑚2

1
1 𝑊 2
3 ℎ 2 3 40 2
𝑤 𝑚 𝐾
𝐿2𝑐 ( ) = (0,017)2 [
𝑊 ] = 0,11
𝑘𝐴𝑝 240𝑚𝐾 × 6,8 × 10−5 𝑚2

De acuerdo con la figura siguiente, la eficiencia es aproximadamente 𝜂𝑓 ≈ 0,97

Así, la tasa de transferencia de calor es:
2 − 𝑟 2 ]𝜃
𝑞 𝑓 = 𝜂𝑓 𝑞 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜂𝑓 ℎ𝐴𝑓(𝑎𝑛𝑛 ) 𝜃𝑏 = 2𝜋𝜂𝑓 ℎ[𝑟2𝑐 1 𝑏

𝑊
𝑞 𝑓 = 2𝜋 × 0,97 × 40 × [(0,042)2 − (0,025)2 ]𝑚2 × 180°𝐶 = 50𝑊
𝑚2 𝐾
Además, la efectividad de la aleta es:
𝑞𝑓 50 𝑊
𝜀𝑓 = = = 11,05
ℎ𝐴𝑐,𝑏 𝜃𝑏 𝑊
40 × 2𝜋 (0,025𝑚)(0,004𝑚) × 180°𝐶
𝑚2 𝐾
b. La disipación de calor por unidad de longitud es:

𝑞 ′ = 𝑁 ′ 𝑞𝑓 + ℎ(1 + 𝑁 ′ 𝑡)(2𝜋𝑟1)𝜃𝑏
𝑊 𝑊
𝑞 ′ = 125 × 50 + 40 2 (1 + 125 × 0,004)(2𝜋 × 0,025) × 180°𝐶
𝑚 𝑚 𝐾
𝑘𝑊
𝑞 ′ = 6,82
𝑚