Name:

Class:
PERIODRIC TEST FOR NATIONAL TEAM 2
TIME ALLOWED: 180 MINUTES

Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a report on Jupiter. What is said about Jupiter? Choose FIVE letters
from A-H. Write the correct letter in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. Your answers can be
written in any order.

A. Jupiter is the only planet in the solar system born from primordial stardust
B. The mass of other planets combined is half of that of Jupiter
C. The leading position in the solar system has earned Jupiter the label “King”
D. Jupiter’s enormous size and gravity have been accountable for the sizes of other planets in the solar
system
E. The Great Red Spot has been characteristic of Jupiter for over three centuries
F. A solid center is not the feature of Jupiter
G. Underneath the crusts of Calisto, Europa and Ganymede lies a huge amount of water
H. The Galilean Satellites comprise the four largest moons that are least volcanically active.
Your answers
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Part 2. For questions 6-10, listen to a report on an ecological disaster in Sri Lanka and answer the
questions. Write NO MORE THAN FIVE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the
corresponding numbered boxes provided.
6. How is the condition of the ship when it is sinking off Sri Lanka’s west coast?
7. Who are ready to deal with possible risks?
8. What have waters been dirtied by?
9. What may cause plastic pellets to drift to Indonesia?
10. What is the name of the ill-fated ship?
Your answers
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Part 3. For questions 11-15, listen to a discussion in which two biologists, Ian Cartwright and Angela
Sharpe, talk about conservation and the public's perception of it and choose the answer (A, B, C or D)
which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers boxes provided
According to Ian, why aren't people easily convinced of the importance of protecting endangered species?
A They find it difficult to understand the concept.
B They are presented with information that is too vague. C They do
not believe human activity causes extinction.
D They think that conservationists are exaggerating the situation.

11 Angela says that eco-tourism has been successful because A it

provides locals with a long-term source of income.
B it has been properly managed by governments in developing countries. C it
encourages people to have more respect for nature.
D it is affordable for a large number of people from developed countries.

12 The story Ian tells about how economists determined the value of the environment highlights A what
a complex subject economics can be.
B the ease with which false promises are made. C why
companies get away with polluting lakes.
D how ignorant people are of the role nature plays in their lives.

13 What explanation does Angie give for people being indifferent to the destruction of the ecosystem?
A They believe scientists will fix the problem.
B The vast majority do not suffer too much when it happens.
C They consider the exploitation of environmental resources necessary.
D They think the cost of replacing unrecognised benefits has been overestimated.

14 The species Ian refers to

A indicate how fast an ecosystem is likely to collapse. B only
live in one specific ecosystem.
C are extremely sensitive to environmental change. D
appear to be in the greatest danger of extinction.

Your answers
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
Part 4. For questions 16-25, listen to a talk about climate change adaptation and supply the blanks with the
missing information. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in
the space provided.
Climate change can exert a comprehensive impact on all aspects of life. In designing, therefore, environmental
issues such as aggravated deforestation, water scarcity, and (16)
must also be considered besides architectural factors like built coast and
housing. In addition to those forces, the designing disciplines also have to encounter intensified (17)
and (18) . Due to the multifarious
weather events involved, the indiscernibility of climate makes it increasingly onerous to assume, to (19)
_, to respond, and to design for. To tackle climate change in vulnerable areas,
choosing to stay and fix the problem, which is in fact required by (20) ,
economy, and policy, is far outperformed by deciding to move in terms of resilience. In this fight against climate
change, designers serve an extraordinary role with their ability to serve both the land and the community in (21)
.
Location, elevation, and unremitting (22) are among the factors
that put Miami among the first sufferers from rising sea level. One architectural studio on climate change in this
city have to deal with multiple issues, including social
justice, politics, (23) _ and climate justice because of such a
reason. Another studio in Virginia also focuses on designing for farms to move inland due to the replacement
of farming by (24) and severe salt intrusion.
The designing disciplines might spread optimism about climate change and collaborate with (25) to
figure out appropriate land-based practices for particular areas.

I. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (20 points)

Part 1. For questions 26-40, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions.
Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided. (15 points)
26. She crouched, watching her captor with eyes as those of a basilisk.
A. sinister. B. baleful. C. ominous. D. obnoxious
27. It was for the Dodgers as they lost to the Reds 4—3.
A. par for the course B. not brain surgery C. no ifs, ands, or buts D. close, but no cigar.
28. payments were made to all those who had been affected by the spillage.

A. Ex gratia B. Ex officio C. Ex post facto D. Ex-directory

29. Although Sean was a successful actor, his career hit the when he appeared in a poorly-rated
A. hay B. bottle C. buffers D. dirt
30. “Where did you find this old thing!”

“My husband stumbled out the attic.”

A. on it when was he clearing B. it on while he was clearing

C. it while he cleared D. on it when clearing

31.It’s unlikely that two students would write identical compositions without

B. one who copies the other B. one copying from the other

C. one to copy the other’s D. each other’s copying

32. He enjoys taking at the government whenever the opportunity arises.

 A. a pew. B.a pounding C.a rain check. D.a pot shot

33. They like to be disrespectful and talk about him to me.

C. Posh. B.smack C.Turkey D.dirty

34. I am usually up with the to do morning exercises.

a. Cygnet. B.oriole C. lark D. flamingo

35. She was working with these gorgeous guys, and she managed to despite being a bit intimidated
by them.
A. cotton on B. harp on C.impinge on. D.soldier on
36. , modelling is actually hard work.
A. Glamorous although it may seem B. Even it may seem glamorous
C. However glamorous it may seem D. So gramorous may it seem
37. , the Brown’s family felt relieved and secure.
a. The lost baby was found B. Found the losr baby
C. They found the lost baby D. The lost baby found
38. He has recovered from a nightmare injury and is now forcing his way into Roker's Wembley
plans.

A. pharynx B. pancreas C. pelvic D. pituitary

39. When he meets his boss, he always tugs his ……..
A. Manner. B. tie. C. forelock. D. mark
40. Morayshire is the heart of the whisky industry and you can take the famous Whisky Trail to seven
distinctive malt whisky

A. distilleries B. burgundy C. benedictine D. chartreuse

Your answers:
26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33.
34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

Part 2. For questions 41-45, write the correct form of each bracketed word in each sentence in the
numbered space provided in the column on the right. (5 points)
26. He is in a(n) position since Maximark has never assigned a male as receptionist before, though
that does no harm to their management. (NORM)
27. You may not remember all the facts, but you should remember the events that put an end to the
1000-year feudalism. (EPOCH)
28. The news that Vietnam’s sacred turtle had died prompted a(n) of sadness across the deeply
superstitious and Confucian country. (POUR)
29. operations have been mounted by the U.S.military to address what is likely to be the dominant
form of warfare over the next decade. (SURGE)
30. Fresh tomatoes are processed and packaged for year-round remanufacture into various food
products. (SEPTIC)
Your answers
41. 42. 43.
44. 45.

II. READING (50 POINTS) Part 1. For questions 46-55, read the passage and decide which answer (A,
B, C, or D) best fits each gap. (10 points)
The issues for (46) economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to build on
undeveloped land is not (47) out of desperation or necessity, but is a result of the relentless march of
progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly-skilled workforce make these countries highly competitive
and there is a flood of inward investment, particularly from (48) looking to take advantage of the low wages
before the cost and standard of living begin to rise. It is factors such as these that are making many Asian
economies extremely attractive when viewed as investment opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa,
the relative (49) of precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of (50) companies and a
whole sub-industry develops around and is completely dependent on this foreign direct investment. It is
understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of attention can lose sight of the environmental
implications of large-scale industrial development, and this can have devastating consequences for the
natural world. And it is a (51) cycle because the more industrially active a nation becomes, the greater
the demand for and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environmental
issues, though they can hardly be ignored, are viewed as a(n) (52) concern. Indeed, having an
environmental conscience or taking environmental matters into consideraion when it comes to decisions on
whether or not to build rubber tree (53) or grow biofuel crops would be quite (54) indeed. For those
involved in such schemes it is a pretty black-and-white issue. And, for vast (55) of land in Latin America,
for example, it is clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local governments when vast sums
of money can be made from cultivating the land.

46. A. emerging B. emergent C. convergent D. resurgent

47. A. grown B. born C. bred D. arisen
48. A. multinationals B. migrants C. continentals D. intercontinentals
49. A. premonition B. abundance C. amplitude D. accumulation
50. A. exploitation B. exploration C. surveyance D. research
51. A. vacuous B. viscous C. vexatious D. vicious
52. A. parallel B. extrinsic C. peripheral D. exponential
53. A. plantations B. homesteads C. ranches D. holdings
54. A. proscriptive B. prohibitive C. prospective D. imperative
55. A. regions B. plots C. tracts D. sectors

Your answers
46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

Part 2. For questions 56-68, read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. (13 points)
READING WARS
A. In many developed countries literacy skirts are under siege. This is true even in societies where access
to primary education is universal and governments invest heavily in education. New Zealand, for example,
was leading the world in literacy rates in 1970, but tumbled to thirteenth place in 2001 and then again to
twenty-fourth just a few years tater. Test scores in the USA also slumped ten percent during the 1990s
despite the country riding an economic boom for much of the decade. In some cases these statistics reverse
trends that were in motion for over a century and a half. The steady, gradual expansion of literacy across
social groups and classes was one of the greatest successes of the period of industrialization that began in the
mid-1850s.
B. This reversal of fortunes has lead to widespread contention over the pedagogy of teaching literacy. What
was once a dry and technical affair—the esoteric business of linguists and policy analysts—rapidly escalated
into a series of skirmishes that were played out in high-visibility forums: Newspapers ran special features,
columns and letters-to-the-editor on the literacy crisis; politicians successfully ran their national campaigns
on improving reading test scores; and parents had their say by joining Parent Teacher Associations (PTAs)
and lobby groups.
C. The arguments around reading pooled into two different classroom methodologies: constructivism and
behaviorism. The constructivist methodology grew from a holistic conception of knowledge creation that
understood reading and writing to be innate, humanistic and interpretative practices that suffered when they
were spliced and formalized within rigid doctrines, strict rules and universal skill-sets. Constructivists
associate words with meanings; each word might be thought of as a Chinese ideogram. Students are
encouraged to learn individual words and skip over and guess words they do not understand, or learn to
interpret those words by situating them within the lexical infrastructure of the sentence and the story's wider
narrative. These practices materialize as learning processes centered on guided group reading and
independent reading of high-quantity, culturally diverse literature or textual composition that emphasises
pupils conveying their own thoughts and feelings for real purposes such as letters to pen pals or journal
entries.
D Behaviorism sees the pedagogial process in a less dialectical fashion—words are initially taught not
lexically, as vehicles to convey meaning, but rather sub-lexically, as a combination of features that can be
separated and learnt in a schematic process. The behaviorist approach does not focus on words at all in the
early stages of learning. Rather, it is centered on a universally applicable method of teaching students to
isolate graphemes and phonemes with the intention that students will eventually learn to synthesize these
individual parts and make sense of spoken words textually. In this way, individual components are not
equated with the strokes of a brush on a Chinese ideogram, but rather as the focal pieces of interpretation—
as in, for example, learning to read musical notations or Morse Code. Because of its emphasis on universal
rules, behaviorism is much more conducive to formal examination and the consolidation of results across
regions and countries. The ability to master language is considered to rest in the acquisition of a set of skills
that exist independently of individuals. Classroom learning is therefore based upon the transmission of
knowledge from tutor to student, rather than seen as an internalized process that erupts within the students
themselves.
E. So who comes out on top? It is not easy to say. Champions of behaviorism have claimed victory because
constructivist learning took over in the late 1980s, just before test scores on literacy began sinking across the
West. Constructivists, however, can make the valid claim that the behaviorist approach has a heavy
methodological bias towards testing and examination, and that test results do not represent the ability of
individuals to use and interpret language freely and creatively. Furthermore, different socio-economic
groups respond in different ways to each method. Those from wealthier families tend to do well regardless
of the method, but thrive on the constructivist approach implemented in the 1990s. Children from poorer
families, however, are better served by behaviorism. These outcomes have ramped up levels of socio-
economic based educational disparities in educational systems that have pushed the constructivist method.
F.It is unlikely that either constructivism or behaviorism will be permanently sidelined from curricula in the
near future. Most teachers find it easier to incorporate aspects of each approach. Constructivism may
ultimately hold the trump card because of its proven success with pupils who come from families where they
are introduced to reading and writing in various forms from a young age—this process of 'living and
learning' and immersing oneself in language is a sound principle. In a world rife with social inequities,
households with illiterate parents and a scarcity of funding for education, however, the behaviorist approach
may have the upper hand in teaching children to access the basic skills of literacy quickly and efficiently,
even if some linguistic creativity is crushed in the process.

Questions 56-62: There are six paragraphs marked A-F in the passage. In which paragraph is the
following mentioned? Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.
56. A reason why constructivism might increase inequalities in society
57. Ways in which people debated the merits of different ways of teaching reading
58. A comparison between forms of communication that build meaning from isolated parts
59. Reasons why a method that is theoretically superior might not always work effectively in practice
60. An explanation of why measuring the success of different reading methods is difficult
61. An example of an activity that teachers might use to develop writing skills
62. Evidence of a national decline in reading standards
Your answers
56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.

Questions 63-65: Which THREE of the following are features of constructivism?Choose THREE letters,
A-G. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.
A. Students learn best by working on their own.
B. People are naturally inclined to develop language abilities.
C. It is vital that a disciplined and regulated approach is used.
D. It is important that students understand every word they encounter.
E. Language is best learnt as a single, organic process.
F．Everyone learns to read and write in a similar manner. G
．Context can provide helpful cues to understanding words.
Your answers
63. 64. 65.

Questions 66-68: Which THREE of the following are features of behaviorism? Choose THREE letters,
A-G. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided.
A. The whole of a word is less important than its parts.
B. There is not a common set of conventions.
C. Students learn best by working on their own.
D. Meaning is created by connecting word fragments.
E．Linguistic capacities are built into people.
F．Students learn by receiving information from teachers.
G．It is difficult to judge how well students are doing collectively.
Your answers
66. 67. 68.

Part 3 In the passage below, seven paragraphs have been removed. For questions 69-75, read the passage
and choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap. There is ONE extra paragraph which
you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered box provided. (7 points)
Picking Up Where Mother Left Off

While in Africa the lion may be king of the jungle, in the equatorial rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra in
South-East Asia you could, perhaps, give the orang-utan similar recognition, even though the only creatures
living in fear of this king would, on the whole, he insects. The orang-utan is not only the most truly tree-
dwelling of apes, it is also the largest arboreal mammal in the world. Every night, using branches and
foliage, orang-utans make nests so they can sleep up in the trees.

Orang-utans are more solitary than other apes, due to the scarcity of food in the rainforest, though they will
gather in small groups and socialise at times when food is more abundant. Nevertheless, this tendency is, in a
way, balanced out by the fact that orang-utans spend more years dependent on their mother than any other animal
in the world. Babies are nursed by their mother until they are about six. After that, males usually remain with
the mother for a few more years, and females may not seek independence until they are in their teens.

Yet despite our appreciation of the crucial function that they fulfil, preserving life on this planet, we are
witnessing their destruction at our own hands. Researchers estimate that, in Borneo alone, an island more
than twice the size of Germany, an area of rainforest approximately the size of two football fields is
disappearing every minute! The most serious threats to these forests are illegal logging and forest clearance
by companies that want to profit from plantations. This particular development is largely fuelled by the
world’s demand for all sorts of products that contain palm oil.

All this, and more, is driving the orang-utan towards extinction. For each tract of forest that is destroyed,
more orang-utans become homeless, forcing them to look elsewhere for food. Often, those who survive
starvation are slaughtered by people on the plantations. Babies are then taken and sold to illegal pet traders.
Any that remain free have not yet acquired the necessary survival skills that their mother would still be
teaching them were she alive.

It is now home to well over 600 infant orangutans, and more than 150 people are employed to help
there.
Although the ultimate goal of the organisation is to reintroduce the rescued animals back into the wild, a
great deal of work is required with each individual orang-utan before that can happen. With the sheer
numbers involved, this calls for an impressive degree of organisation.

With these issues under control, new arrivals can be allocated to the appropriate group. The first of these is
the infants. They initially receive round- the-clock care from a team of “babysitters”. They sleep in spacious
cages or in cradles, and every day they are taken out to the forest by their supervisor; early in the morning.
There they play, and are encouraged to learn to climb and to build nests.

Those arriving as more experienced youngsters are catered for in the socialisation cage. This gives then the
opportunity to learn to socialise with other; While achieving this, they will also be strengthening their
muscles in preparation for a life in the fores: Their carers will also be helping them to learn how to make
nests and to become acclimatised to more natural feeding patterns.

Lone and her colleagues are delighted when the island residents can finally be released in protected forest
areas that are far from both human settlements and from established populations of wild orang-utans. If the orang-
utan is to be saved from extinction, people will definitely need to ge: to grips with the ever-worsening
deforestation problems and take action to reverse this process The dedicated work being undertaken at the Nyaru
Menteng Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre and similar establishments is playing no small part in making the
survival of these amazing creature; more likely.

A This, essentially, is the situation that started to get serious attention from a few wildlife activists about
twenty years ago. One of the major players in this field is Lone Droscher Nielsen, a Danish woman who
spent four years as a volunteer caring for infant orang-utans before she and her husband, Odom, who is
from Borneo, opened the Nyaru Meniers Orangutan Rehabilitation Centre with the help of the Borneo
Orangutan Survival Foundation.
B Slightly older orang-utans that may be 2.5 to 5 years old may still need to be taught how to build nests
and how to fend for themselves. Their home is the halfway house and a lot of them prefer to sleep out in
their nests. Another important life skill that the supervisors constantly give them practice with is finding
their own food.
C Unfortunately, a lot of young orang-utans are now reliant on human support until they learn
appropriate survival skills. But how did this unnatural situation arise? The problem is closely tied to the
tragic decline of the world’s rainforests. These beautiful areas, which are home to more than half the
species of plants and animals in the world, are vitally important for maintaining stability in the world’s
temperatures and weather patterns, for absorbing carbon dioxide and providing nearly a third of the
world’s oxygen, and for their role in the water cycle, helping to ensure the continued supply of fresh
water.
D Of course, industry representatives have been keen to highlight their own concerns, making it clear
that they are not insensitive to the situation. They point out that much of the habitat destruction is caused
by wildfires which, they observe, do not receive the rapid firefighting response that they merit. Indeed,
they have even begun to make some tentative overtures to wildlife organisations, showing willingness to
prove their environmental credentials with some financial support.

E On the ground, they are rather clumsy due to their short legs, but with the help of their long arms
(some have an arm span of over two metres) they can move very gracefully in the trees. However, the
acrobatic display team consists mainly of females and youngsters since the males, who may weigh over
100 kilos, spend more time travelling on the ground.
F As might be expected, an important part of such a centre is the veterinary clinic. For a start, some of
the orang-utans that have been rescued may be sick, wounded or malnourished, so the first step in the
care process is the quarantine phase. Thus, each new arrival receives medical attention at the outset,
being examined and monitored over a period of one or two weeks. On-site veterinary staff assess general
health and check for illness and parasites.
G Total release into the wild is preceded by a further acclimatisation stage. This is open to halfway
house orang-utans that have acquired good forest survival skills and to those from the socialisation cages
 that have benefited from forest training. They are taken to one of three islands in the forest where they
can roam freely, foraging for food and honing their skills as successful forest dwellers.
H The ruination caused by industries like this one is further exacerbated by the fires that are lit to help
create more room for plantations. Such fires can easily rage out of control, not only burning a much
greater extent of forest them even the companies intended, but also smouldering underground through
the peaty soil. These environmental disasters, however, are quite widely tolerated due to the short-term
financial gains and the employment opportunities associated with them

Your answers
69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75.

Part 4. For questions 76-85, read an extract from an article on a model and choose the answer A, B, C or
D that fits best according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
(10 points)
Gertrude Stein
One of the most influential literary figures of the twentieth century was American author Gertrude
Stein. Her literary style and vision was often a radical departure from traditional methods, which
relied on a more linear plotline. Lnstead, Stein focused on language itself by employing methods of
repetition and spontaneity in an attempt to mirror human consciousness. But, Stein’s influence did
not stop with .her writing. As an expatrate in Paris, she was responsible for bringing some of the
greatest minds in art and literature together at her apartment, Salon 27. The Spanish painter Pablo
Picasso and American writer Ernest Hemingway were two frequent visitors. Indeed, Stein was the one
who coined the phrase "Lost Generation” to denote up-and- coming America writers living in Paris at
the time mainly due to their disillusionment with art as a whole back home. While Gertrude Stein may
not be the most recognizable figure in literature, her personal and literary influence on artists was
invaluable.
Stein began living in Paris in 1903. Eventually her flat, salon 27, became a center of intellectual
exchange for writes and artists. Before long , she became an integral part of the artistic and literary
scene in the city and befriended numerous important figures, such as Picasso and Matisse. They would
meet there weekly, where they could expound on new theories of art, philosophy, literature, politics,
and social isuses in the stimulating, productive environment provided by Stein. Without Stein's salon
27, it is quite possible that many of the artists and writers of the day never would have crossed paths,
and the individual dipciplines would not have become as diverse or fully developed as they eventually
did. These interactiona also became a major influence on Stein's own literary style.
Stein became enamored with Picasso's cubist style, and, as a result, many of his earliest works
adorned the walls of her apartment. But they were not simply decorative. Cubism attempts to reduce
the subject from its natural form into an abstract, geometrical shape capable of numerous angles of
perception. In a similar fashion, Stein attempted to interpret cubism through literature and writing. Like
cubist painters, Stein wrote in a style that took into consideration every possible angle of her subject
matter. She wanted to give readers the opportunity to view her work on many different levels, not just a
single, flat surface. But, urilike the cubists who relied on formal structure to some degree. Stein took it
a step further and placed less erophasis on forrnal writing structures such as grammar and syntax and
focused more on what she called "automatic language, which was spontaneous and repetitive and relied
more on the spoken word!
In many ways, Stein's style was a reaction against nineteenth century authors' tendency to place
order and structure above all other considerations. Stein revolutionized the style of the twentieth
century by undermining traditional, expected methods that came before the modern era. Stein focused
on the process of writing, not its ultimate result. She also believed that all parts of a sentence were
equally important. For example, to her, an article was as important as a noun, and a conjunction was as
vital as a verb. In essence, every part of a sentence was related. She learned this from painters, who
believed every brushstroke on a canvass contributed to the whole and could not be left out.
Furthermore, the act of perception, whether it be art or literature, was crucial, not the ultimate outcome
because to Stein, consciousness never ceases. It is continuous, so it became her task to try to embody
the movement of consciousness in her work through techniques such as the repetition of words or
spontaneity rather than depicting events.
 76. The word radical in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. gradual B. abrupt C. swift D. drastic
77. The author’s description of Gertrude Stein mentions which of the following?
A. She was originally from Paris and 1ater moved to the U.S.
B. Her writing style was centered on a structure plotline.
C. She attempted to focus on the linguistic side of writing.
D. Her work was quite controversial due to its extreme nature.
78. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about American expatriates in Paris?
A. They did not completely agree with Picasso’s style at first.
B. They were more satisfied with the creative capaity of Europe.
C They attempted to forge a new style of literary consciousness.
D. They rarely met together in Stein’s apartment to converse
79. The author discusses Salon 27 in paragraph 2 in order to .
A. illustrate its relevance as a place of artistic interaction of the time.
B. note it is where the painters Matisse and Picasso first met one another.
C. indicate it was an inadequate place for such great minds to mingle.
D. show that artists of the day lacked a meeting place at which to gather
80. The word integral in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. meaningful B. complete C. essential D. principal
81. According to paragraph 3, Stein followed the cubist style because .
A. it focused on the geometric forms inherent in most subject matter
B. it gave her a way to present her reader with various perspectives
C. it was the simplest form with which to interpret and understand her work
D. it eschewed the secondary parts in favor of the major parts of art
82. The word undermining in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. simplifying B. overshadowing C. promoting D. weakening
83.The author's description of Stein's revolutionary style mentions all of the following EXCEPT
.
A. She placed reason, order, and logic above all other facets of her technique.
B. She considered each part of the sentence to be essential to its weight and meaning.
C. She did not believe that the finality of a work of literature was very important.
D. She attempted to capture the movement of consciousness through various techniques.
84.The word embody in the passage is closest in meaning to .
A. evade B. express C. simplify D. replicate
85. According to paragraph 5, Stein's style is a product of the era because
A. it translates the sentiment of Europeans during a time of reconstruction
B. it is more imaginative and innovative than anything the world had seen
C. it continues the former structural traditions present before World War I
D. it rejects the past and is fashioned out of the sentiment of post-war Europe
Your answers
76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

Part 5. You are going to read an about a visit to a zoo. For questions 86-95, choose the correct answer:
III. WRITING (60 points)
Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be
between 120 and 140 words. (15 points)

THE CONCEPT OF INTELLIGENCE

Looked at in one way, everyone knows what intelligence is; looked at in another way, no one does.
In other words, people all have unconscious notions – known as 'implicit theories'* - of intelligence, but no
one knows for certain what it actually is. This chapter addresses how people conceptualize intelligence,
whatever it may actually be. There are three major implicit theories of how intelligence relates to society as
a whole (Sternberg, 1997).
The Hamiltonian view, which is similar to the Platonic view, is that people are born with different
levels of intelligence and that those who are less intelligent need the good offices of the more intelligent to
keep them in line, whether they are called government officials or, in Plato's term, philosopher-kings.
Herrnstein and Murray (1994) seem to have shared this belief when they wrote about the emergence of a
cognitive (high-IQ) elite, which eventually would have to take responsibility for the largely irresponsible
masses of non-elite (low-IQ) people who cannot take care of themselves. Left to themselves, the
unintelligent would create, as they always have created, a kind of chaos.
The Jeffersonian view is that people should have equal opportunities, but they do not necessarily
avail themselves equally of these opportunities and are not necessarily equally rewarded for their
accomplishments. People are rewarded for what they accomplish, if given equal opportunity. Low achievers
are not rewarded to the same extent as high achievers. In the Jeffersonian view, the goal of education is not
to favor or foster an elite, as in the Hamiltonian tradition, but rather to allow children the opportunities to
make full use of the skills they have. My own views are similar to these (Sternberg, 1997).
The Jacksonian view is that all people are equal, not only as human beings but in terms of their
competencies -that one person would serve as well as another in government or on a jury or in almost any
position of responsibility. In this view of democracy, people are essentially intersubstitutable except for
specialized skills, all of which can be learned. In this view, we do not need or want any institutions that
might lead to favoring one group over another.
Implicit theories of intelligence and of the relationship of intelligence to society perhaps need to be
considered more carefully than they have been because they often serve as underlying presuppositions for
explicit theories and even experimental designs that are then taken as scientific contributions. Until scholars
are able to discuss their implicit theories and thus their assumptions, they are likely to miss the point of what
others are saying when discussing their explicit theories and their data.
*Implicit theories of intelligence refers to the individual’s fundamental underlying beliefs regarding whether
or not intelligence or abilities can change. (Definition from Wikipedia)

Page 11 of 14 pages
Part 2. Chart description (15 points)
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in
two different countries.
GLOBAL WATER USE BY SECTOR

3500
3000
2500
3
km 2000
1500
1000
500

19001910192019301940195019601970198019902000

WATER CONSUMPTION IN BRAZIL AND CONGO IN 2000

Irrigated
Country Population Water consumption
land per person

Brazil 176 million 26,500 km2 359 m3

Democratic Republic of Congo 5.2 million 100 km2 8 m3

Page 12 of 14 pages
Part 3. Write an essay of 350 words on the following topic. (30 points)
Nowadays, there is an increasing trend of young generations suffering from mental illnesses such as
emotional disorders, psychosis, suicide and self-harm, risk-taking behaviors and so on, which might pose
adverse impacts on their wellbeing. Many people believe that adolescents should know to tackle such
problems themselves while others suppose specialists or consultants play a vital role in supporting them to
overcome these.
Discuss both views and give your opinion.

Page 13 of 14 pages
Page 14 of 14 pages