“SHREDDED RECYCLED PLASTIC BOTTLES AS ADDITIVE IN ROAD

CONCRETE”
Abannag, Lavenia, O
Butangen, Mark Jayson, B
Bacasen, Roi Jan, P
Cao, Hishan Ray, C
Dulin, Errol Alfunso, P
Hangdaan, Elvin, L

ABSTRACT

Without plastic, life is virtually impossible. It became an integral part of all human
requirements. Disposal of plastic bottles are one of the major problems of the society. The series
of awareness strategies to build a culture of re-use is needed. The research is conducted to lessen
the adverse consequences of plastic as well as to discover the employment of plastic bottles as a
mixture to concrete in road construction. The use waste plastic reduces and eases the dependence
on machineries. It also increases the aggregate impact value and improves the quality pavements.
Due to the amicable properties, it greatly tempts the inclinations of researchers to pursue the
mixture because it’s a great relief for waste management. The components of these plastic bottles
permit the preventing of concrete weakening, dry density and flexural strengths. The advantage of
this mixture doesn’t limit but goes beyond wherein it helps to increase the road life and create a
source of income.

INTRODUCTION

The disposal of plastic waste is a major problem in the society today. To find solution,
the strongly needed is the series of awareness strategies to build a culture of re-use. In accordance
with PCI (Plastic Cards Industries), plastics are highly recyclable made from raw material called
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) which consent to be melted, shaped, squashed, colored and rolled
into sheets or made into fiber plastic as well as produce new products. But because it is non-
biodegradable, it is a very serious threat to the environment. There are many harmful effects when
thrown into the soil which releases harmful chemicals that lessens its fertility. It can also soak up
into surrounding water resources and the ecosystem. This way it destroys the natural habitat of the
species living in it. ABS-CBN News stated that, Pasig River considered the toilet bowl of Manila
that have estimated 65% of the pollutants from nearby household including plastic bottles, 30%
from the industrial sector and 5% from solid waste. To lessen the detrimental consequences of
plastics, the researchers conducted this research to discover the use of plastic as a mixture of
concrete in constructing road. A pothole is where the surface of the road has worn away and hollow
has formed, this is the most common problem of the road.
 For alternative, it hybridizes the cement and asphalt to elude oxidation and constructive for
durable and substantial roads. Plastic materials arise transparency and low in density which
allowed being as preference for concrete. This help in preventing of concrete weakening. The
design mix which will be done is minimal and can be change. The aim in a plastic is having a dry
density and several strengths. Therefore, the use of this garbage is a big help for waste
management.

Literature Review

Plastic have ways to use in concrete and asphalt. According to Siddique, Khatib, and Kaur
(2008), Numerous waste materials are generated from manufacturing processes, service industries
and municipal solid wastes. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously
contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. Solid waste management
is one of the major environmental concerns in the world. With the scarcity of space for landfilling
and due to its ever-increasing cost, waste utilization has become an attractive alternative to
disposal. Research is being carried out on the utilization of waste products in concrete. Such waste
products include discarded tires, plastic, glass, steel, burnt foundry sand, and coal combustion by-
products (CCBs). Each of these waste products has provided a specific effect on the properties of
fresh and hardened concrete. The use of waste products in concrete not only makes it economical,
but also helps in reducing disposal problems. Reuse of bulky wastes is considered the best
environmental alternative for solving the problem of disposal. One such waste is plastic, which
could be used in various applications. However, efforts have also been made to explore its use in
concrete/asphalt concrete. The development of new construction materials using recycled plastics
is important to both the construction and the plastic recycling industries.

One of the ways of using plastic was conducted in Saudi Arabia. Kabir, Alhussain and,
Almansoor (2016), there study was an Asphalt design using recycled plastic and crumb rubber for
sustainable pavement construction. They use Several types of flexible pavement failure/distress
occur due to this behavior of asphalt binder, among which rutting and fatigue cracks are very
common. Low Density and High-Density Polyethylene and Crumb rubber were used as additions
to base bitumen (PG 64-10). Complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (δ) obtained from Dynamic
Shear Rheometer (DSR) are the basic perimeters used to evaluate the behavior of the binder in
respect to rutting and fatigue cracking. It was concluded that Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE),
High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), and Crumb Rubber (CR) modified binder showed significant
improvement in rheological properties of the binder. Ismail and AL-Hashmi(2007) Industrial
activities in Iraq are associated with significant amounts of non-biodegradable solid waste, waste
plastic being among the most prominent. This study involved 86 experiments and 254 tests to
determine the efficiency of reusing waste plastic in the production of concrete. Thirty kilograms
of waste plastic of fabriform shapes was used as a partial replacement for sand by 0%, 10%, 15%,
and 20% with 800 kg of concrete mixtures. All of the concrete mixtures were tested at room
temperature. These tests include performing slump, fresh density, dry density, compressive
strength, flexural strength, and toughness indices. Seventy cubes were molded for compressive
strength and dry density tests, and 54 prisms were cast for flexural strength and toughness indices
tests. Curing ages of 3, 7, 14, and 28 days for the concrete mixtures were applied in this work. The
results proved the arrest of the propagation of micro cracks by introducing waste plastic of
fabriform shapes to concrete mixtures. This study insures that reusing waste plastic as a sand-
substitution aggregate in concrete gives a good approach to reduce the cost of materials and solve
some of the solid waste problems posed by plastics.

In the Philippines there’ a study according to , Abbelana, Mariano, Ong, Donamel, Grino
(2015) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) has polar groups and therefore it can be mixed well with various
substances. PVC is the only general-purpose plastic that allows free, wide and seamless adjustment
of the required physical properties of products such as flexibility, elasticity, and impact resistance,
by adding plasticizers, additives, and modifiers (Ibeh, 2011). Defects on roads is one of the most
difficult problems that pavement faces. This study investigates waste PVC pipes as an additive for
asphalt-concrete mixture pavements for tensile reinforcement in bituminous mixture. The samples
were subjected to Marshall Stability and Flow testing, Bulk Specific Gravity, Percent Air Voids,
Percent Volume of Bitumen, Voids in Mineral Aggregates, and Voids Filled by Asphalt based
from ASTM D6927-06/D2726-04. Further, the test for Immersion Compression and Indirect
Tensile Strength tests are based from ASTM D1705 and D6931-12, respectively. The considered
blend is 0%, 2%, 4%, and 6 % of waste pulverized PVC to the conventional asphalt-concrete mix.
Hence, this study proves that adding Pulverized Waste PVC Pipe improved the mechanical
properties of asphalt pavement especially the tensile strength as well as stability of bituminous mix
without compromising its compressive strength.

In Baguio City, a study conducted by Ringor, Tabelism, and Napica (2013) at the
University of Baguio discussed about use of Ground plastic bottles as Partial substitute for fine
aggregate in concrete which also aims to lessen the garbage plastic in Cordillera. The study proved
the use of plastic as concrete and how dependable is the concrete if mixed with plastic.

Theoretical

Without significant effect on its other properties or slight compromise in strength, plastic
can be part of the cementation’s binder phase. The amicable properties of ground plastic bottles as
additive for concrete, namely, dry and compressive and flexural strength.

Ground plastic bottles are polymeric material that are law in density, low electrical
conductivity, transparency, and toughness in which this bottle can be used as additive for fine
aggregate. Plastic contains polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene which
they forbid concrete weakening. Through the contribution of hetero chain polymers present on
plastics, it helps the concrete for its potency.
 Concrete mixes which are mixed with waste plastics found that the reduction in workability
and compressive strength, due to partially replacement by ground plastic bottles is minimal and
can be enhanced by addition of super plasticizer.

Significance of the Study

The findings of this study will rebound to the benefit of society considering that using
plastics as additive for concrete. It can be also helpful to the environment to lessen plastics by
using it as the alternative material for constructing. This research is beneficial to the waste
management company.

Objectives
The aim of this study is to:
• To determine the effect of shredded recycled plastic bottles in addition of concrete
o To determine the strength of concrete using shredded plastic as additive in road
concrete
• To lessen the Garbage Plastic materials
o Focusing in Plastic Bottles to lessen the plastic waste

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Study Design

This study aims to determine the effect of shredded plastic bottles as additive in road
concrete that contributes in the experimental research. This study is a quantitative experimental
research, used to determine the variables.

The experimental research use to determine durability of the research through the flexural
strength. This study also aims to lessen the volume garbage

Data Gathering Materials

To make the project heavy and strong specimen, the following materials is needed:

It is used for molding with size of 6 width, 6 height, and 21

length. Use for molding the concrete beam.

Figure 1. Metal molder

 It is used for mixing of aggregates and blending also

Figure 2. Shovel

One main of the main component of mixture, to make the

concrete hard.

Figure 3. Portland Cement

Type 1P

Main component of the aggregate. It one component to make

the concrete strong.

Figure 4. Coarse aggregate

Fine aggregate main component in mixture of aggregate.

Figure 5. Fine aggregate

 It is used for the measurement of water in mixing the
aggregate

Figure 6. Plastic Graduated

Cylinder Vol. 1 liter
Maximum

One main component in mixing the aggregates

Figure 7. Water

Used to determine the slump test of mixture

Figure 8. Slump Cone

Used for tampering the mixture inside the metal molder

Figure 9. Tampering Rod

 It is main component in Addition of the concrete. Size of the
shredded plastic is 5mm by 5mm average size.

Figure 10. Shredded

Recycled Plastic Bottles

It is used to weight the aggregates. To follow the proportion

of mixture.

Figure 11. heavy weighing

scale

This material is used for the proper sampling of the specimen.

Figure 12. Aggregate Scoop

Laboratory Materials

It used to place the aggregates, in use of oven drying

and wash loss

Figure 1. Aggregate Pan

It is used for the cleaning of sieve materials

Figure 2. Sieve brush

It is used for the Fine water absorption.

Figure 3. pycnometer
 It used to get accurately the weight of the aggregates
used for the laboratory.

Figure 4. Digital weighing scale

It is used for the reduction of the Aggregate.

Figure 5. Mechanical Splitter

It is used for slump test of fine aggregate.

Figure 6. Mortar and Fine aggregate

Slump cone
 It is used to sieve the aggregates, that are required in
laboratory test

Figure 7. Aggregate Sieve

It is used for the unit weight test in laboratory test.

Figure 8. Unit weight bucket

It is used for oven drying of the aggregates.

Figure 9. Aggregate Oven

 It is used for tampering in unit weight, particular in
used in rooded.

Figure 10. Tampering Rod

It is used for sampling in the unit weight.

Figure 11. Scoop

It used for the Specific gravity determination of the

cement.

Figure 12. le chantellier

Project design

Methods

Quality and Laboratory test of aggregate. Quality and Laboratory test covers, the grading test,
Specific Gravity, Absorption test, Unit Weight, Abrasion test.

Reduction of Aggregates

Aggregate Wash Loss

 Grading of Aggregates

Specific Gravity and Absorption

Abrasion Test of Coarse aggregates

Specific Gravity
 Unit Weight

Preparation and Sieving of Aggregates. The researcher preparation and sieve of fine and coarse
1
aggregate. The coarse aggregate must past through the maximum size of 22 inch sieve, fine
aggregate passing through the sieve of No.4 base from the result of the quality testing of the
Aggregates.

Blending of coarse aggregate. Base from the result of grading test of coarse aggregate, blending
is required base from the recommendation of the result. The result of the grading test, 1-inch size
is lack from the sieve result of the grading.
Weighing, Computation of Proportion. In the test quality test of aggregates, the result of quality
test also determines the proper Proportion concrete beam. Weighing of

V=B×W×H
=21"×6"×6"
=756"
=0.0124 cu.m.
Volume of One mold (beam) with 25% volume allowance=V1
V1= (0.0124×1)+(0.25×0.0124)
=0.0155
Let K=Constant
K=Cement Factor × Volume

For One mold (beam) with 25% Volume Allowance

K=10.5×0.0155
=0.16275
Batch weight of beam sample with 25% volume allowance
1 mold 2 molds 3 molds Unit
Cement=K×40 6.51 13.02 19.53 Kgs
Fine Agg=K×Corr.wt. 7.443 14.886 22.329 Kgs
Coarse Agg=K×Corr.wt. 22.164 44.329 66.493 Kgs
Water=K×Corr.wt. 2.491 4.982 7.472 Kgs
Mixing of Aggregates, with plastic and Without plastic. Mixing of Aggregates, the researcher
will mix 4 mixtures, it is composed of the controlled mix and Three trial mix with shredded
plastic, Trial 1 220g, Trial 2 320g, Trial 3 420g.

Slump test of the mixture. To determine the water saturation and workability of the mixture.
Three equal layers of slump cone must tamper 25 times in each layer, starting from the base of
slump cone up to the tip of slump cone, the tampering must uniformly tamper properly. Base
from the result of quality testing, the slump test of the mixture must not exceed 3inch.

Molding of Mixture. In the use of the metal molder in molding the mixture, tampering is also
required in molding the specimen. Tampering the specimen must be two equal layers in each
layer, 63 times of tampering the metal molder with a uniform tampering. Proper sampling of the
mixture is required in the use of scoop in distributing the mixture in the metal molder. After the
tampering, plaster tool is use for the finishing of the specimen.
Demolding and Curing of Specimen. The day the mixture is molded demolding start within the
first 24 hours of specimen. Demolding of the concrete from the metal molder, must be carefully
detached. Soaked the specimen in the water until it reaches the 14 days duration of curing.

Testing of the Specimen. The testing method of the specimen will used third point loading test.
To determine the flexural strength of the Concrete beam. Each trial is composed of three
concrete beams for the average of each trial testing of the specimen.

Result and Discussion

Third Point Loading

According to the book of DPWH Specification Vol II 2013, As work progresses,

at least one (1) set consisting of three (3) concrete beam test specimens, 150mm × 150mm ×
525mm or 900mm shall be taken from each 330 m2 of pavement, 230 mm Depth, or the
supervision of the engineer, and the contractor shall provide all concrete and other facilities
necessary in making the test specimens and shall protect them from damage by construction
operations. Cylinder samples shall not be used as substitute for determining the adequacy of the
strength of concrete.

The beams shall be made, cured, and tested with accordance with AASHTO T 23
and T 97.
 The researcher used the method of testing, third point loading. Third point loading
is used to determine the flexural strength of a concrete beam. There are two different components
of the concrete beam, the controlled mix and the three trials mix with plastic component. The
researcher used the UTM or the Universal testing machine for the third point loading test. In the
result of the UTM machine the unit is Kilo newton, the result must be Converted to Mpa or
𝑃𝐿
Megapascal, Formula = 𝐵𝐷2 P= pound, L=length of 18 Inches, BD 6 Inches.

Table 1. Result Of flexural Strength

Average (Mpa)
Controlled mix 3.19
Trial 1 (220g) 3.27
Trial 2 (320g) 3.34
Trial 3 (420g) 3.04

Table 2. Line graph Presentation of the Flexural strength.

Average Strength (Mpa)

3.4
3.35
3.3
3.25
3.2
3.15
3.1
3.05
3
2.95
2.9
2.85
controlled mix Trial 1 (220g) Trial 2 (320g) Trial 3 (420g)

In the result of data in flexural strength, the experiment of concrete in addition of shredded
plastic bottles. This research is proven that is compatible in lessening the plastic bottles. This
research can be useful in the future, but it needs more classification of Testing method, to prove
more qualification.
Treatment of Data

Laboratory test of Aggregates

-to determine the quality test of the aggregate, and the compatibility and proportion of
aggregate to be used in the concrete beam dimension as a Controlled Mix.

1st Securing Aggregates

• It requires 50kg each for the coarse and fine, for the laboratory test.

2nd Reduction of Aggregates

• Reduction of Sample using Mechanical Splitter To attain the testing size for the
aggregates.

3rd Grading of Aggregates

• To determine the particle size distribution of aggregates. To determine the wash loss of
the aggregate. Base from the standard of DPWH, wash loss of coarse must not be exceed
of 1%, fine must not exceed of 3% from the original weight.

First determination of wash loss

Coarse Aggregates

Weight of the original Coarse Aggregate 7600.5 grams. Next oven dries of the Coarse
Aggregate at constant weight in 110 Centigrade 4-6 hours in the Oven, the aggregate must be
cooled, weight the coarse aggregate from the oven 7533.5 grams. Next is Wash Oven Dry,
Wash the coarse aggregate with the use Water, and return again in the oven similar
temperature, hours, cooling, and weight the aggregate 7518 grams.

To determine the wash loss, use the formula Oven Dry-Wash Oven Dry, to compute the
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡−𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝑟𝑦
moisture content is × 100. Wash loss is 15 grams, moisture content
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝑟𝑦
is 0.89%

Weight Sample in Grams(ᵍ)

Original Weight 7600.5
Oven Dry 7533.5
Wash Oven Dry 7518
Wash Loss 15
Moisture Content 0.89%
 Fine Aggregate

Weight of the original Coarse Aggregate 2162.6 grams. Next oven dries of the Coarse
Aggregate at constant weight in 110 Centigrade 4-6 hours in the Oven, the aggregate must be
cooled, weight the coarse aggregate from the oven 2122.0 grams. Next is Wash Oven Dry,
Wash the coarse aggregate with the use Water, and return again in the oven similar
temperature, hours, cooling, and weight the aggregate 2086.5 grams.

To determine the wash loss, use the formula Oven Dry-Wash Oven Dry, to compute the
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡−𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝑟𝑦
moisture content is × 100. Wash loss is 35.5 grams, moisture
𝑂𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝐷𝑟𝑦
content is 1.9%

Weight Sample in Grams(ᵍ)

Original Weight 2162.6
Oven Dry 2122.0
Wash Oven Dry 2086.5
Wash Loss 35.5
Moisture Content 1.9%

Distribution of Size Particle in Aggregates

Coarse Aggregate

Sieve size (In) Weight Cumulative Governing

(mm) retained (g) Wt % % Specs
passing passing retained
75.00 (3) 0 7533 100 0 -
63.00 (2, 1/2) 0 7533 100 0 100
50.00 (2) 339 7194 95.50 4.5 90-100
37.50 (1, 1/2) 2134 5060 67.17 32.83 35-70
25.00 (1) 4189 871 11.56 88.44 0-15
19.00 (3/4) 567 304 4.04 95.96 0-5
12.50 (1/2) 256 48 3.40 96.6 -
9.50 (3/8) 0 48 0 0 -
4.75 (No. 4) 0 48 0 0 -
0.075 (No.200) 33 15 0 0 -
Pan 0 15
Wash passing No.0.075 15.0
 Fine Aggregate

Sieve size (In) Weight Cumulative Governing

(mm) retained (g) Wt % % Specs
passing passing retained
9.50 (3/8) 0 `2114.6 100 0
4.75 (No.4) 1.6 2114 99.9 0.1
2.36 (No.8) 380.2 1734.8 82 0.18
1.18 (No.16) 434.4 1301.4 61.5 38.5
0.60 (No.30) 407.7 894.7 42.3 51.7
0.300 (No.50) 404.1 491.6 23.2 76.8
0.150 (No.100) 301.4 191.2 9 91.0
0.075 (No.200) 127.5 64.7 3 0
Pan 30.2
Wash passing No.0.075

4th Specific Gravity and Absorption Test of Aggregates

Ideal value Coarse Aggregate 2.8-2.9, Fine aggregate 2.60-2.75.

-The ideal value does not represent specification; Specific gravity is used to determine
the absorption of the aggregates. If the ideal value is lower than the result of Specific gravity,
the lower the absorption, it defies that aggregate is Strong. If the ideal value is higher than
the result of the specific gravity the higher the absorption it defies that the aggregate is not
Strong enough.

Coarse Aggregates

Trial 1 Trial 2 Average

1. Weight in air saturated surface surface-dry 4750.7 4732.4 4741.55
Sample, g
2. Weight in air of oven-dried sample, g 4711.6 4697.1 4704.35
3. Weight of sample in water, g 2773.2 2991.4 2882.1
1−2 0.82% 0.75% 0.78%
4. Absorption, × 100
2
1 2.4 2.7 2.7
5. Specific Gravity, bulk (SSD),
1+3

Fine Aggregate

Trial 1 Trial 2 Average

1. Weight in air saturated surface surface-dry 250 250 250
Sample, g
2. Weight in air of oven-dried sample, g 243.7 242.5 670.4
3. Weight of sample in water, g 674.4 666.4 670.4
4. Pycnometer bottle+water+sample in a 830.3 822.8 826.55
bottle, g
1−2
5. Absorption, × 100 2.59% 3.09% 2.84%
2
1 2.66% 2.67% 2.66%
6. Specific Gravity, bulk (SSD),
1+3−4
5th Unit weight Test

- volumetric Conversion

Fine Aggregates Loose Rodded

1. Container+sample,kg. 6.57 kg 6.89 kg
2. Container, kg. 1.70 kg 1.70 kg
3. Sample, kg. (1)-(2) 4.87 kg 5.19 kg
4. Vol. of container, cu.m. 0.0027992 0.0027992
5. Unit weight/mass,kg/m3 1739.78 kg/m3 1854.10 kg/m3
(3)/(4)
Coarse Aggregates Loose Rodded
1. Container+sample,kg. 6.20 kg 6.60 kg
2. Container,kg. 1.70 kg 1.70 kg
3. Sample, kg. (1)-(2) 4.5 kg 4.9 kg
4. Vol. of Container, cu.m. 0.0027992 0.0027992
5. Unit weight/mass,kg/m3 1607.60 1750.50
(3)/(4)

Abrasion test (coarse Aggregate)

- Determine the structural strength of the specimen, base from the Specs that is not
exceeding 40% maximum. Sieve Aggregates past through 11/2,1,3/4,1/2,3/8, this
sieve size are the specs for the Abrasion test.

1. Original mass of sample, g. 5000.9 g

2. Sample retained on No.12(1.70 mm) 4121.4 g
sieve, g.
(1)−(2) 17.59 %
3. Percentage of wear, % ×100
(1)
.

Specific Gravity Test of Cement

Specific gravity of cement it can Increase and Decrease. In a normal value of 3.15 and it
must not exceed of 3.19 for the specific gravity. Exceeding the 3.19 the cement was not
properly minced to a Fine powder.
64
Formula for specific gravity = 𝐹𝑅−𝐼𝑅

Initial reading = 1.3 Final reading = 21.6

64
21.6−1.3
= 3.15
Data results of laboratory test:

Fine aggregates Coarse aggregates

Manufactured: ( ) Natural: (X) Rounded: (X) Angular: ( )
Finesses Modulus 2.821 Maximum size mm. 63.5
Specific Gravity (SDD) 2.66 Abrasion Loss. % 17.59
Moisture Content, % 1.9 Specific Gravity (SDD) 2.7
Absorption, % 2.84 Moisture content 0.2
Unit Wt. Kg/m3 (loose) 1740.51 Absorption, % 0.78
Unit Wt., Kg/m3(loose) 1607.66

Absolute volume of concrete, 1/10.5 = 0.0952381

cu.m.
Absolute volume of 40.0 kg. 40/3.06×1000 0.0130719
bags of cement, cu.m.
Absolute volume of water, 152.5-4.7/10×1000 0.0140762
cu.m.
Absolute volume of water 2+3 0.0271481
and cement, cu.m.
Absolute volume of fine and 1-4 0.0680900
coarse aggregates, cu.m.

Correction of fine aggregates. % of total aggregates by absolute volume

Fine aggregate 32.5 (from table V)
Total correction (+,-) -7.01(from table of adjustment)
Corrected fine aggregate 25.49

Absolute volume of fine aggregates, cu.m. 0.0173561

Absolute volume of fine aggregates, cu.m. 0.0507339

Absolute Specific Unit WT. of

volume cu.m gravity water
kg/cu.m.
Cement 0.0130719 3.06 1000
Fine 0.0173561 2.66 1000
Aggregate
Coarse 0.0507339 2.7 1000
Aggregate
Water 0.0140762 1.00 1000
 Uncorrected Corrected
Weight Weight
Kg Kg
40 40
46.17 45.73
136.98 136.19
14.08 15.30
Total= 237.22 237.22

Design Specification Requirements

Class of Concrete “A” (Item 311) Cement factor, bags 10.5

Compressive Strength at 14 days, MPa 3.8 75 mm 3”) max

Third Point Loading

- Third point loading is to determine the flexural Strength of the concrete beam, In the
𝑃𝐿
use Universal testing machine. 𝐹𝑐 = 𝐵𝐷2 P – represent the load, L – base length that
is used in third point loading and the excess 1.5 inch from one to end serve as support
of the loading. BD2 is 6’’,6’’ Dimension from the Concrete beam.

Conclusion

The researcher therefore concluded that utilization of shredded plastic bottles as an

additive to road concrete is effective in addition it also helps reduce plastic garbage. Base
from our Controlled mix and Trial mix the effectiveness of the plastic is compatible with
the concrete within a certain amount of plastic to be added. From the result of the data, first
and second trial mix result is higher than the result of the controlled mix. Using a certain
amount of plastic in the design mix affects the strength and durability of the road, as the
graph has shown above the more shredded plastic is added the strength increases but when
it reaches the 420g the strength decreases. In order to achieve the desired strength, the right
amount of shredded of plastic must be attained

Acknowledgement

Utilization of waste garbage have been a major problem of the community. This
research was implemented by the researcher, from the bases of the garbage disposal of the
society. The research would like to acknowledge the DPWH regional testing laboratory at
Wangal, Trinidad. From the Laboratory aid to the Laboratory Technician Headed by Engr.
Johnny Paulo, with DPWH personnel of guidance and gratitude, in helping our research
study. This research clarifies the Actual result from the theoretical result of different
 researches. The researcher would like also to acknowledge the panel member, in
determining the Strengths and Weaknesses of the research.

Recommendation

In order to improve the study, the researcher would recommend the following
• Base from the specs of the DPWH of third point loading, the average
strength of 3.8 Mpa. The result of our controlled mix did not reach the
average strength, factors from not attain the 3.8 Mpa, Sampling
Distribution, and Proper demolding of the Specimens. The researcher
recommends using the required Proper procedure to reach the average
strength of the DPWH specification. To Satisfy the DPWH for the
effectiveness of Concrete in addition with plastic.

• Aside from Plastic bottles, the researcher recommends the other types of
plastic. To classify the concrete if it is compatible in addition of plastic
waste.
• Aside from road concrete with addition of plastic, the researcher
recommends the use of concrete in the use house construction, landscape
or beautification.

Ethical Considerations

This research will not violate any moral standard due to the nature and product of the
study. The researchers will use safety measures while conducting the research procedure. In
addition, the references will be properly cited and reviewed for plagiarism.

Reference

Imran, K,. Shahid, A,. Alhussain, M,. Almansoor, F,.( 2016). Asphalt design using recycled plastic
And Crumb-Rubber Waste For Sustainable Pavement Construction. Procedia Engineering: Vol.
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