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Topic: Fatalism and Its Impact on Two Victorian Novels:

Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights

Submitted By:
Fahim Al Kawser
ID: ENG 052-06-940
Session: Summer 2013

Submitted For:
Sharmin Siddique
Assistant Professor
Department of English

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BA Honors in English
Faculty of Arts, BA (Honors) in English Program

Stamford University Bangladesh

[15th May, 2017]
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Disclaimer

The work contained in this dissertation has not been previously submitted to meet requirements

for an award at this or any other higher education institution. To the best of my knowledge and

belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by another person except

where due reference is made.

Name: ………………………………………….

Signature: ………………………………………….

Name of Supervisor: ………………………………………….

Signature: ………………………………………….
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Acknowledgement

At first I express my gratefulness to Almighty Allah for enabling me to complete my research

paper with good and sound health. I am thankful to have the blessing of my parents who always

guided me with love and also fortunate enough to have such a supportive parents.

I would like to acknowledge to my honorable supervisor Ms. Sharmin Siddique. She provided

great help by which would enable me to complete this project.

Finally, I would like to thank all of those who have directly or indirectly help me in any respect

during the completion of this project.

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Abstract

Fatalism refers to a philosophy which expresses human being is bound to fate; whatever he or

she may try to do, however the effort is, fate or someone beyond the control of human beings and

everything will decide the outcome of the effort. In Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights

most of the major characters are affected by the cruelty of fatalism as they tried to be proved in

this paper that the major characters were just helpless to nature. Thomas Hardy can be

considered a great advocate of fatalism and he portrayed the philosophy in his major works like

Tess of the D’Urbervilles where the helplessness of Tess is depicted though she took all the

conscious and possible steps to be saved from the cruelty of her fate. In the lives of major

characters of Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights the helplessness of them is portrayed.

Some critics may try to blame themselves as the main personalities who triggered their

destruction but this paper will try to prove that they made their best efforts which was possible

for them but fate did not allow them what they wanted.

Keywords: Great Expectations, Wuthering Heights, Thomas Hardy, Fatalism, Bound to

Fate.
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Table of Contents

Disclaimer………………………………………………………………………. 02

Acknowledgement………….……………………….…………………………. 03

Abstract………………………….……………………………………………... 04

Table of Contents……………………………………………………………….. 05

Chapter 1: Introduction…................................................................………….. 06

Background…………………………..………………………………………... 07

Chapter 2: Literature Review………………………………………………….. 08

Definition of Fatalism…………………………………………………………. 08

Hardy’s Fatalism………………………………………………………………... 09

Chapter 3: Methodology………………………………………………………. 12

Qualitative Research……………………………………………………………. 13

Quantitative Research…………………………………………………………. 15

Chapter 4: Analysis and Findings……………………………………………... 17

Fatalism in Great Expectations………………………………………………………. 17

Fatalism in Wuthering Heights……………………………………………………….. 19

Approval of Fatalism ………………………………………………………….. 22

Chapter 5 : Conclusion……………….……………………………………….. 23

Works Cited …………………………………………...........................……….. 24

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Chapter 1

Introduction

Fate is the ultimate truth of our life. Fate plays an important role to play in our life. Fate

is the thing which occurs accidentally, which is happening not out of our carefulness, not out of

our willingness, but is just situational. No one can change one’s destiny. What is destined is

going to happen, whether it is good or bad, we have to go through it. However, the choice is

ours. We can either accept things happily or sadly.

Each historical period features a different treatment to represent the role of fate in

peoples’ life. For example, for the Greeks and Romans, man is predestined to lead either a good

life or a bad life, no matter how hard he tries to change his fate. These people blindly believe in

fate. In The Middle Ages, however, fate takes a different form. Fate of people is controlled by

the church. In the Renaissance, man is the architect of his life. Man can be either happy or sad on

account of his actions and behavior. In the Victorian Age, society plays the role of fate. In the

Modern Age, man's fate is his own and no one or nothing can be blamed for man's fall down but

man himself.

In the 19th century literature, Fate plays an important role in the novels. In both the

novels Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights fate has lots of effects on the life of the

characters. Charles Dickens and Emily Bronte represent the theme of fate very effectively in

these novels. Fate plays a dominant role which controls all the incidents, activities of the

characters in the Victorian novels Great Expectaions and Wuthering Heights. The article intends

to find out the inevitable rule of fate played in the novel.

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Background

In Great Expectations Pip was from a lower class family where his fatherly figure,

brother-in-law Joe used to nourish him. Suddenly Pip dreamed to be a gentleman and he passed a

long time as a gentleman. Later he returned to his nearly old condition. Magwitch in his life

made some big deeds which were wrong, he glorified his life by helping Pip to be a gentleman.

Estella started a life about which she was totally unaware and she could judge the previous life

later. Miss Havisham, Joe, Biddy, Compeyson they all went through different sorts of path

through their life. Wuthering Heights introduce a different picture but quite similar to the picture

of Great Expectations Heathcliff an orphan boy came from a background which is unknown.

Mr.Eranshaw raise him like his own child. Through different abusive treatment made him reach

to the peak of worldly torment. Then the humiliation and rejection from Catherine made him

leave Wuthering Heights. Till the last moment of his life the torment did not let him alone but, he

did not let anyone who was responsible for his pain or who was related to the heart of those

people. At last, Heathcliff became rich but, he was more empty then previous time. Hindley,

Hareton, Edgar, Catherine, Isbella; everyone was destroyed in different way with different

unfulfilled expectations, but Nelly Dean could not help herself without just being a watcher. No

one could settle their lives with their own will, rather they moved with will of someone else

beyond them.
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Chapter 2

Literature Review

Human being takes steps in various actions in life. Sometimes it occurs as he or she

planned, sometimes it is partially similar and sometimes it is not favourable at all. What a man

will do in future or will be in a man's life is determined by the fact which is beyond human

control. This fact cannot be denied. This helplessness faces human being though all sorts of

efforts are taken. This matter of Fatalism which explains human being is helpless to fate or some

sort of supernatural being though he or she tried his best.

Definitions of Fatalism:

According to Robert Kane said, (A Contemporary Introduction to Free Will, Oxford

2005, p. 19) rightly bids us not confuse determinism with fatalism:

This is one of the most common confusions in free will debates.

“Fatalism is the view that whatever is going to happen, is going to happen, no matter

what we do. Determinism alone does not imply such a consequence. What we decide and what

we do would make a difference in how things turn out -- often an enormous difference-- even if

determinism should be true”.

As reported in Cliff notes “Fatalism being that view of life which says that all action is

controlled by the nature of things or by fate which is a great, impersonal, primitive force existing

through all eternity, absolutely independent of human wills and superior to any god created by

man” (Force,1966,p.8)
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Merriam-Webster Dictionary states about Fatalism that “a doctrine that events are fixed in

advance so that human beings are powerless to change them; also : a belief in or attitude

determined by this doctrine fatalism that regards social problems as simply inevitable”(Merriam-

Webster Dictionary Online)

It is defined in Oxford Learners Dictionary as “the belief that events are decided by fate and that

you cannot control them; the fact of accepting that you cannot prevent something from

happening”.(Oxford Learners Dictionary Online)

Hardy's Fatalism:

Fatalism is the philosophy which explains that whatever a human tries to do he or she can

never change anything if the fate does not favor him or her. Here human being is powerless.

Hardy is such an example who portrayed this philosophy.

Hardy had a deep emotional attachment to the ancient civilization and hated industrial

civilization because he thought that the people had been destructed by industrial civilization.

Hardy lived in a time when United Kingdom was running a free capitalism over the period of

imperialism. During that event many farmers became in occupation because of free capitalism in

the society. Hardy saw how the capitalist invaded the rural areas and how farmers became

bankrupts. So, he gave all the blame to destiny for that. After seeing all these events it can be

said that Hardy’s social conditions are limited by his fate. Hardy could save the ancient

civilization if the fate favored him. Nothing can be done as something is beyond our control.

Fatalism may take the view that, if all our actions are dominated by forces beyond our control,

then we are not responsible for our action..

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Hardy had a philosophy that we are limited by destiny or fate and used to blame the

destiny or fate in various places in his writings. In his work Tess of the D'Urbervilles, he

explained the matter of destructive destiny 'Justice' was done, and the president of the Immortals,

Æschylean phrase, had ended his sport with Tess ”. He blamed the fate for her unexpected

tragedy of whole life. In this novel Tess was presented 'a pure woman' and Hardy portrayed her

in such way that she was just innocent and she did not do anything wrong rather destiny played

with her such way that she could not save herself from the misery.

Though Great Expectations and Wuthering Heights were written by different novelists

other than Hardy, the philosophy of Hardy's fatalism is reflected in the same way. In Great

Expectations Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham had their own background which made them to suffer

and be motivated to the way they choose. But, they had to stop though various ways like physical

disability, economic or mental or situation disability which made them to denounce their own

ways. On the other hand, Magwitch tried to escape the whole way to be saved from something,

but he met the same thing which he was running from. Compeyson, Mr and Mrs Joe, Biddy they

all had to move according to will of the power which was in charge of controlling the situation.

In Wuthering Heights, various characters took steps to according to their own will and plan. But,

most of them failed and they had no way to get out of their sufferings. Heathcliff was an orphan

boy who was tortured from the beginning severely, later started to take revenge on Hindley,

Hareton, Catherine, Isabella, Edgar and Nelly was just like a pillar though she had many wishes

to save them. Every single action was controlled by someone or something who or what was

beyond them.

This paper is going to discuss about the fatalism of Thomas Hardy and the reflection of

the fatalism in novels like Greats Expectations and Wuthering Heights. The idea of being
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helpless in accordance with Hardy's fatalism is reflected there in almost all the main characters.

In this paper these main characters like Pip, Estella, Miss Havisham, Magwitch, Compeyson, Mr.

Joe and Biddy from Great Expectations and Heathcliff, Mr. Earnshaw, Catherine and her

daughter Catherine, Hindley, Hareton, Edgar, Isabella, Nelly are the characters who are from

Wuthering Heights. Hardy's fatalism is going to be reflected and proved through the characters in

the novels within paper.

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Chapter 3

Methodology

I am using methodology and in the methods section have described the rationale for the

application of specific procedures or techniques used to identify, select, and analyze information

applied to understanding the research problem, thereby, allowing the reader to critically evaluate

a study’s overall validity and reliability. The writing I used was direct and precise and everything

was written in the past tense. From the famous writer Kallet, Richard H. "How to Write the

Methods Section of a Research Paper." Respiratory Care 49 (October 2004): 1229-1232.

Importance of a Good Methodology Section I must explain how I obtained and analyzed his

results for the following reasons. In my methodology you need to know how the data was

obtained because the method I choose affects the findings and, by extension, how i likely

interpreted them. Methodology is crucial for any branch of scholarship because an unreliable

method produces unreliable results and, as a consequence, undermines the value of my

interpretations of the findings. In most cases, there are a variety of different methods I could

choose to investigate a research problem. The methodology section of my paper clearly

articulates the reasons why I choose a particular procedure or technique. The method had be

appropriate to fulfilling the overall aims of my study. For example, I need to ensure that I have a

large enough sample size to be able to generalize and make recommendations based upon the

findings. I gave importance to provide sufficient information to allow other researchers to adopt

or explicate my methodology. This information is particularly important when a new method has

been developed or an innovative use of an existing method is utilized. Methodology is concerned

about both the ways in which the research is carried out its structure and process, as well as with

the way in which this information is analyzed.

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The two approaches to research are:

1. Qualitative- based on methods which are said to be humanistic

2. Quantitative- based on the methods used in the natural sciences

3.1 Qualitative Research:

Qualitative Research is concerned with opinions, feelings and experiences describes social

phenomena as they occur naturally - no attempt is made to manipulate the situation - just

understand and describe understanding is sought by taking a holistic perspective / approach,

rather than looking at a set of variables qualitative research data is used to help us to develop

concepts and theories that help us to understand the social world - which is an inductive

approach to the development of theory, rather than a deductive approach that quantitative

research takes - i.e. Testing theories that have already been proposed. Qualitative data is

collected through direct encounters i.e. through interview or observation and is rather time

consuming.

In research process data can be collected through questionnaire, interview, observation.

a. Interview: there are three types of interviews.

1. Unstructured: The interviewer may frame the interview questions based on the

interviewee and his/her previous response. This allows the discussion to cover areas in

great detail. They involve the researcher wanting to know or find out more about a
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specific topic without there being a structure or a preconceived plan or expectation as to

how they will deal with the topic.

2. Semi structured: Semi structured interviews allow the researcher to prompt or

encourage the interviewee if they are looking for more information or find what they are

saying interesting. This method gives the researcher the freedom to probe the interviewee

to elaborate or to follow a new line of inquiry introduced by what the interviewee is

saying. Work best when the interviewed has a number of areas he/she wants to be sure to

be addressing.

3. Structured: The interviewed asks the respondent the same questions in the same way. A

tightly structured schedule is used. The questions may be phrased in order that a limited

range of responses may be given - i.e. 'Do you rate our services as very good, good or

poor'. A researcher needs to consider whether a questionnaire or structured interview is

more appropriate.

B. Observation: Observation involves may take place in natural settings and involve the

researcher taking lengthy and descriptive notes of what is happening. It is argued that there are

limits to the situations that can be observed in their 'natural' settings and that the presence of the

research may lead to problems with validity.

We can categorize research into two types, such as;

1. Primary Research: Primary research is defined as factual, firsthand accounts of the

study written by a person who was part of the study. The methods vary on how
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researchers run an experiment or study, but it typically follows the scientific method. One

way you can think of primary research is that it is typically original research.

2. Secondary Research: Secondary research is defined as an analysis and interpretation of

primary research. The method of writing secondary research is to collect primary

research that is relevant to a writing topic and interpret what the primary research found.

For instance, secondary research often takes the form of the results from two or more

primary research articles and explains what the two separate findings are telling us. Or,

the author may have a specific topic to write about and will find many pieces of primary

research and use them as information in their next article or textbook chapter.

3.2 Quantitative research:

Quantitative research is used to quantify the problem by way of generating numerical data or

data that can be transformed into usable statistics. It is used to quantify attitudes, opinions,

behaviors, and other defined variables and generalize results from a larger sample population.

Quantitative Research uses measurable data to formulate facts and uncover patterns in research.

Quantitative data collection methods are much more structured than Qualitative data collection

methods. Quantitative data collection methods include various forms of surveys – online surveys,

paper surveys, mobile surveys and kiosk surveys, face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews,

longitudinal studies, website interceptors, online polls, and systematic observations. Used to find

out how much, how many, how often, to what extent. Aims to be objective and scientific in its

approach. Quantitative research is hypothetic-deductive in its approach to constructing social

theories. Aims to assess and measure. Is regarded as a way to get to the truth, to understand the
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world well enough so that we might predict and control it through identifying cause and effect

relationships. Quantitative research can be administered by the researcher, self-administered, one

to one, in a group, face to face, telephone, postal, email.

In this research, I have used qualitative method. It is a secondary data collection process.

The sources of secondary data collection process were publications, research studies and

journals. My literature review also includes my own opinion, feelings and social phenomenon.

However there are certain limitations in my research. Many readers may differ and say that

fatalism did not dominate the fate of characters of the novel, Great Expectations and Wuthering

Heights. Even before my research many other researchers have explained about the role of fate in

Greek tragedies and various works in general. I however have specifically focused on the

fatalism in Great Expectaions by Charles Dickens and Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte.
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Chapter 4

Analysis and Findings

Fatalism in Great Expectations:

Pip ,an orphan boy lived with his sister and brother –in-law in a village .Staying near the

tombstone he met with a escaped convict grab him and asked him for food and file to protect his

leg .Pip helps him taking the blame of theft on his shoulders. Later, in his regular days of life he

got a chance to visit Satis House, Miss Havisham was the owner of it .He met with Estella and a

hope to get her rose in his mind and he wished to be a gentleman. Unfortunately, he got a chance

to stay there as a laborer and he was informed later that he was given a large fortune and it was

from a secret benefactor. He thought the benefactor was Miss Havisham who did it to marry him

with Estella. He began to develop himself as a gentleman in London and he met again with the

former man who was the escaped convict and he revealed the truth that he was the secret

benefactor of his fortune. Pip also became grateful to him as well as considered he has an

obligation to Magwitch the benefactor. One day he helped Magwitch to escape while police and

Compeyon, the criminal and betrayer who made suffer Miss Havisham. That day Compeyson

died but, Magwitch was caught by police and he was sentenced to death and Pip lost his fortune.

He returned to his village where Joe, his brother-in-low marred to Biddy and he began to live

there .Before the event Miss Havisham was severely afflicted by fireplace and she begged

pardon from Pip .Estella also married to someone else. When Pip began to live with his brother-

in-low suddenly he decided to work in other city and he left the village .One day he met Estella
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in a barren garden in Satis House where he found a new Estella who went through a

metamorphosis. He and Estella left the garden holding hands of each other. (Sparknotes)

Pip was taken to Satis House to fulfill the plot of revenge of Miss Havisham. Miss Havisham did

not possess an evil heart. But the betrayal of Compeyson made her a different Havisham. She

decided to break the hearts of many men. For this reason she raised Estella as her tool break the

hearts. She was quite successful in developing the mind set of Estella. She began to use her to

play with the heart of Pip. On the other hand, Pip was in hope to be raised as a gentleman and

marry Estella. Moreover he began to take his lessons on the matter and was developing himself.

Once Miss Havisham got her previous rational mind after she got burnt beside fireplace. Estella

was married to someone else. Miss Havisham begged pardon from Pip. .In her last days she

repented about what she did with Pip and Estella. Miss Havisham expressed her helplessness to

time in the following quotes:

“So unchanging was the dull old house, the yellow light in the darkened room, the faded

specter in the chair by the dressing-table glass, that I felt as if the stopping of the clocks

had stopped Time in that mysterious place, and, while I and everything else outside it

grew older, it stood still.” (Chapter 17, page-172)

Miss Havisham died. Pip had no hope to get Estella, however he lost his fortune. He did remorse

saying that

“I did really cry in good earnest when I went to bed, to think that my expectations had

done some good to somebody”(Chapter 37, page-297).

Furthermore, he had failed to marry Biddy as she was married to Joe. Pip and Estella started their

journey together which was unexpected for both of them thought they were pleased with that.
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Miss Havisham took every single attempt to fulfill her purpose through Pip and Estella when she

had the physical ability. At last that happened about which they lose their hope and they did not

have anything in their hands to control.

When the novel started Magwitch was trying to survive; he tried to escape death. He was

saved by Pip at first. Later, he expressed his gratitude through giving the fortune to Pip. For the

obligation from heart Pip helped Magwitch to escape again. Unfortunately Magwitch was caught

by police which resulted the sentence of death of him. From beginning of the novel to the end

Magwitch tried to survive, to escape death but he could not escape the exact same death he was

running from.

Compeyson did a crime along with Magwitch. He betrayed him by throwing Magwitch in

a trap of death. On the contrary, he betrayed Miss Havisham by not marrying her which resulted

the ruin of her heart as well as her rationality. Afterwards, he lure the police behind Magwitch.

But he died. He was plotting against Magwitch later the plot became his own trap of death which

was out of his imagination.

Orlick was working in the forge of Joe. His evil nature made him to harm the wife of his

master. Orlick did not hope to get a job in Satis House, but he got. After taking attempts to kill

Pip and making harassment to Biddy he survived though he was sent to jail later. After doing

such crimes he was not captured in jail, but at last could not save himself.

Fatalism in Wuthering Heights:

Orphan boy Heathcliff was taken to be raised in Wuthering Heights. Mr. Earnshaw

accepted him as own son, even his compassion increased more after the death of his wife.
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Catherine developed a very good relationship with him, however Hindley could not tolerate him

at all neither he let him keep away from his physical and psychological torment. Mr. Earnshaw

did not have any way to save Heathcliff without sending Hindley to college and he did so. After

the death of Mr. Earnshaw, Hindley and Frances, his wife got the ownership of Wuthering

Heights and Hindley began to take revenge of previous rage and it became more severe after the

death of Frances. Heathcliff left Wuthering Heights for the words of Catherine which humiliated

him in the matter of marrying Edgar. Three years passed and Heathcliff returned with a largest

amount of wealth but no one knows the source of it. Heathcliff started to entrap everyone except

Catherine. He used the policy to make Hindley bankrupt and gained the ownership of Wuthering

Heights. He began intense torture upon Hareton, son of Hindley and trapped Catherine, daughter

of Catherine and Edgar where he did not hesitate to use his own son as a toll of the plot. Later his

son died and he began to be ill with the memories of Catherine and he used to talk with the spirit

to Catherine. The whole story was described by Nelly to Lockwood who came to visit

Thrashcross Grange and noted the story in his notebook. Later Heathcliff died and Lockwood

took the update of the story. (Sparknotes)

Heathcliff was an orphan boy who had no chance to get fatherly love from anyone so easily as he

got from Mr. Earnshaw. Mr. Earnshaw loved him too much from the beginning, on the contrary

Catherine and Hindley did not accepted him though Catherine accepted him later. Mr. Earnshaw

loved Heathcliff in such a way that he sent his own son Hindley to college to save Heathcliff

from the severe torture to him. It was really something unexpected for Heathcliff to have such

support from Mr. Earnshaw. Even the death of Mrs. Earnshaw triggered the compassion of Mr.

Earnshaw to Heathcliff.
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Catherine began to be raised with Heathcliff and they became inseparable. Catherine did not

accept Heathcliff as her beloved neither she thought to marry him. In the mindset of Catherine,

Heathcliff was the orphan boy when she was talking with Nelly about Edgar, she knew that she

loved Heathcliff so much as she told “I am Heathcliff”(chapter 9, page-67); she introduced

herself as Heathcliff, on the other hand she was not ready to marry him which was expressed as

she told that she did not want to lower herself by marrying Heathcliff.

“It would degrade me to marry Heathcliff now; so he shall never know how I love him:

and that, not because he's handsome, Nelly, but because he's more myself than I am.

Whatever our souls are made of, his and mine are the same; and Linton's is as different as

a moonbeam from lightning, or frost from fire”. (Chapter 9, page-71)

She was not ready to love him but she unwilling loved Healthcliff as her own existence. When

Heathcliff returned, Catherine felt the intense pain of depriving herself from the presence of

Heathcliff. Though she was not ready to accept Heathcliff as her husband and not as her beloved,

it was out of her control to stop the love she had for him.

When Hindley returned with Frances, his wife after the death of his father, he took attempts to

take the revenge on Heathcliff. Still the death of Frances, he continued the oppression on

Heathcliff as the owner of Wuthering Heights. After the death of Frances, Hindley began

drinking and the torture upon Heathcliff became more severe as Heathcliff had to work in the

fields as a laborer. When Heathcliff returned, he lent money to Hindley which resulted the

bankruptcy of him and leaded the fortune to Heathcliff. Hindley died and the new owner of
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Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff started torment on Hareton, the son of Hindley. Hindley tried his

best to torture Heathcliff from the beginning till end. But he was unable to save his progeny from

Heathcliff torture. On the other hand, Heathcliff took all attempts to entrap Hareton and junior

Catherine even he did not let his own son to be a part of the plot. After all, the ownership went to

Hareton and Catherine.

Edgar as well as Isabella experienced the lovely side of life before their marriage. Though they

were possessing the innocent sort of mindset but their fate made their life to turn in such a

terrible way what they never imagined. Getting the chance of nourishing the children of

Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, Nelly tried to advise them to keep away from the

disasters, but she could not save them nor change anything. Fate did not allow her to be a witness

and a ordinary viewer.

Approval of Fatalism:

Fatalism refers to the view which prompts that all the actions are controlled by a superior

existence; nature or fate who or which is independent from human wills. In both Great

Expectations and Wuthering Heights the reflection of fatalism is prominent. Pip, Estella, Miss

Havisham, Magwitch, Compeyson, on the other hand Mr.Eranshaw, Heathcliff, Catherine,

Hindley, Hareton, Edgar, Nelly, Isabella all of them were victims of fate. They tried to make

their life and go on through the path of life in their own ways. But, they had to bow down before

will of someone or something who or which is beyond them. At last they had to compromise

their will with the supreme. With these evidences this paper is going to approve the reflection of

philosophy of fatalism in these great works.

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Chapter 5

Conclusion

In the way of life we wish to get many things. We make various sorts of efforts.

Sometimes we get what we wished or worked for, sometimes we do not get the chance of

drawing near the thing. Sometimes the thing comes to us without any efforts rather just wish is

enough for it. Something or someone controls the matter of our life which is reflected in Great

Expectations and Wuthering Heights as well. This is the reflection of fatalism. Fatalism reveals

his various colors of face in various lives. Someone may find the matter so favourable to him,

someone gets the cruelty. Like the lives of major characters of these novels, fatalism is faced by

us as fatalism is the fact of life.

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Works Cited

"What Is Fatalism? How Does It Differ from Determinism?" Maverick Philosopher. N.p.,
n.d.
2017.<http://maverickphilosopher.typepad.com/maverick_philosopher/2011/11/what-is-
fatalism-how-does-it-differ-from-determinism.html>

Parrab, Vitthal V. "Fatalism Views of Thomas Hardy in Tess’s Tragedy." International

Journal of Applied Research (2015): 213-18.
Web.<http://www.allresearchjournal.com/archives/2015/vol1issue8/PartD/1-8-14.pdf>

"Fatalism." Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster, n.d. 2017.<https://www.merriam-

webster.com/dictionary/fatalism>

"Fatalism Noun - Definition, Pictures, Pronunciation and Usage Notes | Oxford

Advanced Learner's Dictionary at OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com." Fatalism Noun -
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"Great Expectations." SparkNotes. SparkNotes,

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"Wuthering Heights." SparkNotes. SparkNotes,.

n.d.2017.<http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/wuthering/summary.html>

Dickens, Charles. Great Expectaions. Dhaka: Friends Book Corner, n.d. Print.

Bronte, Emily. Wuthering Heights. New York: Penguin, n.d. Print.