Esc201 - L3
Esc201 - L3
Esc201 - L3
Rohit Budhiraja
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
12V
3
Dependent (Controlled) Voltage Sources
+
2Vx +- Vx Ix 3Ix +-
-
Voltage-controlled
Current-controlled
Voltage source
Voltage source
Very useful in constructing circuit models for real-world
devices such as transistors and amplifiers (we’ll see examples in
the course)
+
2Vx Vx Ix 3Ix
-
Voltage-controlled Current-controlled
current source current source
Very useful in constructing circuit models for real-world
devices such as transistors and amplifiers amplifiers (we’ll see
examples in the course)
Assignment 1
Problem 4
2W
5A
5V1 10W
4W V1
Basic Circuit Analysis
Objectives
9
Simplification Techniques
is is
10
Develop equivalent circuits by combining several
resistors into a single equivalent resistor
11
Series Resistances
13
14
Example Use concept of series and parallel resistances to simplify
R 2 R eq1
R eq 2
R 2 R eq1
R eq { ( R 4 R 3 ) R 2 } R 1
15
Find equivalent resistance between X and Y
Assignment 1
Problem 1
Circuit Analysis Using Series/Parallel Equivalents
1. Begin by locating a combination of resistances that are in
series or parallel. Often the place to start with is the farthest
from the source.
+
3A
60V
3A
-
18
Example Find all the currents
+
Solve for
V2 i2, i3 and i4
-
V2
R eq 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 R e q 2 R1 R e q 1
Solve for V2 Solve for i1
19
Voltage division
A voltage applied to resistors connected in series will be
divided among them
20
Example
21
22
Potential Divider
R2
V1
R1 R 2
23
Current Division
The total current flowing into a parallel combination of
resistors will be divided among them
24
Example
Find vx using voltage division and then find is and use it to find
i3 using current division
25
Example
Use current division rule to find i1
ieq
i2
R1 R3
ie q is i2 ie q
R 1 R eq R 2 R 326
In Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b, R1=50Ω, R2=500Ω, R3=100Ω, R4=50Ω, R5=25Ω and R6=50Ω.
(a) Use current division to find current through R5 in Fig. 2a. I=5mA.
(b) Use voltage division to find voltage across R2 in Fig. 2b. V=10V.
Assignment 1
Problem 2
Fig. 2b
Fig. 2a
The digital multi-meter (DMM) is a device commonly used to measure
voltages. It is equipped with two leads (usually red for the positive reference
and black for the negative reference) and an LCD display. Let's suppose a
DMM is connected to the circuit of Fig.3 with the positive lead at the top node
and the negative lead on the bottom node. Using KCL, explain why we would
ideally want a DMM used in this way to have an infinite resistance as
opposed to zero resistance.
Assignment 1
Problem 3
Fig. 3
Three appliances --- an 850W coffee maker, a 1200W microwave oven, and a 900W
toaster --- are connected in parallel to a 120V circuit with a 15A circuit breaker.
(a) Draw a schematic diagram of this circuit.
(b) Which of these appliances can be operated simultaneously without tripping the
circuit breaker?
Limitations
30