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    Electronic Configuration: GPTC Kothamangalam Selvarajan T R

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    weak man
    The document discusses electronic configuration of atoms based on Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and Aufbau principle. It provides the electronic configuration of the first 20 elements in both shell and orbital notation. The principles state that electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels and orbitals following an ascending energy order, with no more than two electrons per orbital and unpaired pairing in degenerate orbitals.

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    Electronic Configuration: GPTC Kothamangalam Selvarajan T R

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    weak man
    39 views5 pages
    The document discusses electronic configuration of atoms based on Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and Aufbau principle. It provides the electronic configuration of the first 20 elements in both shell and orbital notation. The principles state that electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels and orbitals following an ascending energy order, with no more than two electrons per orbital and unpaired pairing in degenerate orbitals.

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    Electronic Configuration

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    The document discusses electronic configuration of atoms based on Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and Aufbau principle. It provides the electronic configuration of the first 20 elements in both shell and orbital notation. The principles state that electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels and orbitals following an ascending energy order, with no more than two electrons per orbital and unpaired pairing in degenerate orbitals.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    39 views5 pages

    Electronic Configuration: GPTC Kothamangalam Selvarajan T R

    Uploaded by

    weak man
    The document discusses electronic configuration of atoms based on Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund's rule, and Aufbau principle. It provides the electronic configuration of the first 20 elements in both shell and orbital notation. The principles state that electrons occupy the lowest available energy levels and orbitals following an ascending energy order, with no more than two electrons per orbital and unpaired pairing in degenerate orbitals.

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    of 5

    GPTC Kothamangalam

    SELVARAJAN T R

    S1 Module I-notes Part III

    Electronic Configuration
    Pauli’s exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule , Aufbau Principle, Table
    containing electronic configuration of first 20 elements
    Electronic configuration of atoms

    The arrangement of electrons in an atom according to their principal energy levels


    (shells), sub energy levels (sub shells), orbitals and spin is called electronic configuration of
    atom.

    It is based on the following three important rules.

    a)Pauli’s exclusion principle

    b) Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity and

    c)Aufbau principle

    Pauli’s Exclusion Principle

    • Pauli’s Exclusion Principle states that two electrons in an atom cannot have same set of
    values for all the four quantum numbers.

    • It means that an orbital cannot have more than two electrons.

    • If two electrons are present in an orbital, they must have opposite spins.

    (Because the electrons in the same orbitals have same value for n, l and m. So the only possible
    quantum number to have a different value is the spin quantum number)

    Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity

    Hund’s rule states that, pairing of electrons does not take place in an orbital of a sub
    shell until all orbitals of that sub shell get one electron each or singly occupied.

    All orbitals in a sub shell have same energy. Hence they are called degenerate orbitals. So
    this rule may also be stated as pairing of electrons cannot take place in degenerate orbitals until
    all such orbitals get one electron each.

    2
    It can also be stated as pairing of electrons in an orbital of a sub shell is not allowed if any
    other orbital in that sub shell is vacant.

    For example: If three electrons are present in a P sub shell. The three orbitals present in
    P sub shell are Px, Py and Pz. As per Hund’s rule, only one arrangement is possible here, in
    which each orbital get one electron each with same spin.

    For example: Nitrogen atom. It has 7 electrons.

    Its electronic configuration is 1S2 2S2 2Px1 2Py1 2Pz1

    1S2 2S2 2Px1 2Py1 2Pz1

    Auf bau Principle

    Auf bau Principle states that the electrons enter in to the atomic orbitals in the ascending
    (increasing) order of their energy.

    (Auf bau is a Greek word for building up or increasing)

    The Auf bau order of energy of atomic orbitals is shown below

    1s < 2s< 2p < 3s <3p < 4s <3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p <7s < 5f < 6d < 7p

    3
    [The ascending order of energy of the orbital is also based on the n+l rule. According to
    this rule, the lower the n+l value, the lower will be its energy. If two orbitals have the same
    value for n+l, then the orbital with lower n value has the lower energy.]

    The electronic configuration of first 20 elements

    Electronic configuration
    Atomic
    Element Shell wise
    number Orbital wise
    K, L,M,N
    1 Hydrogen(H) 1 1S1
    2 Helium(He) 2 1S2
    3 Lithium (Li) 2 ,1 1S2 2S1
    4 Berilium(Be) 2, 2 1S2 2S2
    5 Boron(B) 2, 3 1S2 2S2 2Px1
    6 Carbon (C) 2 ,4 1S2 2S2 2Px1 2Py1
    7 Nitrogen (N) 2, 5 1S2 2S2 2Px12Py12Pz1
    8 Oxygen (O) 2, 6 1S2 2S2 2Px2 2Py1 2Pz1
    9 Fluorine (F) 2, 7 1S2 2S2 2Px2 2Py2 2Pz1
    10 Neon(Ne) 2, 8 1S2 2S2 2P6
    11 Sodium (Na) 2, 8, 1 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S1
    12 Magnesium(Mg) 2, 8, 2 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2
    13 Aluminium(Al) 2, 8, 3 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3Px1
    14 Silicon (Si) 2, 8, 4 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3Px1 3 Py1
    15 Phosphorus(P) 2, 8, 5 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3Px1 3Py1 3Pz1
    16 Sulphur (S) 2, 8, 6 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3Px2 3Py1 3Pz1
    17 Chlorine (Cl) 2, 8, 7 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3Px2 3Py2 3Pz1
    18 Argon (Ar) 2, 8, 8 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6

    4
    19 Potassium(K) 2, 8, 8, 1 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S1
    20 Calcium(Ca) 2, 8, 8, 2 1S2 2S2 2P6 3S2 3P6 4S2

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