Review of Related Literature Sample

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Local Study
Salvacion (2011), studied the stress profile of students in

college of dentistry of the university of the Philippines manila.
The study involves 149 dentistry student-respondents. Academic
stressors like examinations and grades, fully loaded days,
difficulty in completing clinical requirements, and fear of
getting delayed topped the identified stressors. Academic factors
were stressful in the first 3 year levels.
Stress is a word that is regularly used today but has become

progressively more difficult to describe. Stress usually
describes a negative idea that can have an effect on one’s mental
and physical well-being. Evidently, stress can have an effect on
students’ academic performance (Lauro S. Aspiras, and Emma D.
Aspiras 2014).
Stress is something that causes anxiety or depression, it

comes from schooling, church, or event at home. It is the
reaction of one’s body and mind to something that causes a change
in the balance. Although senior high school students may
encounter common stressors in secondary level, perception of what
are considered as academic stressor may differ (Camille Gay A.
Desamparado, et.al January 2019).
Some facts that we have been search, that there were

seven Filipinos reportedly commits suicide every day. And the
reason for this suicide is because of depression. Why the suicide
rate in the Philippines is lower compared to other countries, the
figures steadily risen over a period of 20 years from 1992 to
2012 (Butuyan, 2016).
Students are the most essential elements in any educational
institution. They are considered as the core of learning process.
Their performance places an important role in determining an
academic achievement which are associated to what people value.
If students achieve their academic standards and successfully
attained high degree of educational, the probability of being
employed in the future is high (Arcelie G. Santos 2018).
Local Literature
According to the DepEd K-12 curriculum (2013), Practical

Research 2 is an applied subject for grade 12 students on every
track. This course develops critical thinking and problem-
solving skills through quantitative research.
It depends on how we perceived about stress. It depends how

we react against it, it can affect us negatively as well and if
we always react and respond negatively against stress it also
could affect our health and happiness (Robinson 2010).
Intellectual ability applies to both academic and works

setting. High intellectual activity in an academic setting is
marked by s long attention span and leadership skills in award
setting (Gabriel 2010).
According to Rosalie Leal (2012). The present generation of

graduating college students belongs to the most time pressed
generation in history. With this, the need for research
concerning stress experience is deemed necessary. In this study,
stress experiences among graduating students of Isabela State
University San Mateo campus has been evaluated and analyzed.
Every individual experiences stress occasionally. Students

in general experience stress in situation such as going to
college, appearing into exams, dealing with their friends or
peers, when their friends were not feeling well, divorce or
separation of their parents, death of a relative, etc.
(Shahmohanmadi, 2012).
Foreign Study
Linda G Castillo (2009) stated this study compared academic

stressors and reactions to stressors between American and
international students using Gadzella's Life Stress Inventory.
Five categories of academic stressors (i.e., frustrations,
conflicts, pressures, changes, and self-imposed) and four
categories describing reactions to these stressors (i.e.,
physiological, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive) were
examined. The sample consisted of 392 international and American
students from 2 Midwestern universities. American students
reported higher self-imposed stressors and greater behavioral
reactions to stressors than international students. Respondent's
status (American or international) and interaction of status and
stressors emerged as the 2 strongest predictors of their
behavioral, emotional, physiological, and cognitive reaction to
stressors. Five stressors attained statistical significance in
the regression model. The findings emphasize the need to
recognize cultural differences in stress management.
Auerbach and Grambling (2014) concluded that it is important

to note that stress can have both positive and negative effects
on people. It means that stress may be a normal, adaptive
reaction to threat. Its role is to signal and prepare individuals
to take defensive action. Take for instance, fear of things that
present realistic threats motivate individuals to deal with them
or avoid them.
Academic stress was found to be higher in younger students
than older students. There was a non-significant difference on
PSS scores among students when stress was measured at the
beginning and at the end of the semester Mussarat Jabeen Khan
(2018).
Pormal & Kumar (2014) implies that in a higher stress level

due to the high expectation of their parents of the students, and
male perceived higher academic stress from conflict whereas women
displayed greater behavioral and psychological reaction to
stress.
According to Shirley Fisher (2014) she provides an overview

of the effects of stress on performance, daily efficiency and
health, and reports the results of research into stress in
academic environments (for both staff and students). She explores
the origins and nature of academic stress, personal
vulnerabilities and coping mechanisms and proposes ways in which
individuals can be helped, emphasizing how working conditions and
practices must be changed in order to reduce stress in academic
life.
According to Kai-wen (2010) students at this level may

sometimes experience incompatibility of their mental development
with their physical changes or with social environment and thus
suffer from problems arising from inadequate adaptation.
Foreign Literature
According to Jessica Sharp and Stephen Theiler (2018), a

review of literature from the past 30 years establishes
psychological distress as both a longstanding and current issue
affecting university students worldwide. Poorer academic outcomes
and problematic health behaviors are linked to students’
distress, and these wider implications also highlight the need
for appropriate policies and services to support students during
what is clearly a challenging time.
A publication in stress by the university of New York

retrieve March 14 2016 buttresses the notion that, extreme levels
of stress can hinder study effectiveness and lead to poor
academic performance and attrition. It goes on to affirm that,
students who experience stressful life events also reported worse
health outcomes and reduce quality of life.
According to Mayo Clinic Stuff, (2012), anything that

possess a challenge or threat to well-being undermines about
mental and physical health. Earning high grades is a source of
stress that affects them to succeed in making good impressions to
their parents, classmates and other significant persons.
Stress is normal in one’s life, everybody experience stress.

It may come from different situations that causes one feel
frustrated, angry or anxious. Stress could be positive as well as
negative. When an individual is doing his or her work properly
and systematically then it is because of positive stress or
eustress but when one loses rhythm for same work, it is negative
stress or distress. So, stress is good in one way and bad in
other way (Khan, Lanin, and Ahmad 2015).
Stress is necessary to challenge students to learned,

approaches are needed that reduce the negative aspects of stress
which lessen students learning and performance. The key to
reducing distress is providing students with a feeling of control
over the education, information about what to expect, and
feedback regarding what can be done to improve their performance,
stress is inevitable and unfortunately it produces headache, neck
crick and causes many health problems that include depression,
anxiety, heart disease and stroke (Clark 2013).

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REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Salvacion (2011), studied the stress profile of students in

Stress is a word that is regularly used today but has become

Stress is something that causes anxiety or depression, it

Some facts that we have been search, that there were

According to the DepEd K-12 curriculum (2013), Practical

It depends on how we perceived about stress. It depends how

Intellectual ability applies to both academic and works

According to Rosalie Leal (2012). The present generation of

Every individual experiences stress occasionally. Students

Linda G Castillo (2009) stated this study compared academic

Auerbach and Grambling (2014) concluded that it is important

Pormal & Kumar (2014) implies that in a higher stress level

According to Shirley Fisher (2014) she provides an overview

According to Kai-wen (2010) students at this level may

According to Jessica Sharp and Stephen Theiler (2018), a

A publication in stress by the university of New York

According to Mayo Clinic Stuff, (2012), anything that

Stress is normal in one’s life, everybody experience stress.

Stress is necessary to challenge students to learned,

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