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    Atomic Structure: Solved Questions

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    Itu Dey
    This document contains 10 multiple choice and short answer questions about atomic structure and the history of atomic theory. [1] John Dalton proposed the atomic theory of matter. [2] Nucleons are protons and neutrons. [3] The maximum number of electrons in the L shell is 8. [4] Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. [5] The outermost shell cannot have more than 8 electrons.

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    Atomic Structure: Solved Questions

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    Itu Dey
    1K views4 pages
    This document contains 10 multiple choice and short answer questions about atomic structure and the history of atomic theory. [1] John Dalton proposed the atomic theory of matter. [2] Nucleons are protons and neutrons. [3] The maximum number of electrons in the L shell is 8. [4] Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. [5] The outermost shell cannot have more than 8 electrons.

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    Atomic structure_Solved Examples_Solved Example_ ICSE_f8f396ca-4d63-4d76-8af8-102682a21412

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    This document contains 10 multiple choice and short answer questions about atomic structure and the history of atomic theory. [1] John Dalton proposed the atomic theory of matter. [2] Nucleons are protons and neutrons. [3] The maximum number of electrons in the L shell is 8. [4] Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. [5] The outermost shell cannot have more than 8 electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views4 pages

    Atomic Structure: Solved Questions

    Uploaded by

    Itu Dey
    This document contains 10 multiple choice and short answer questions about atomic structure and the history of atomic theory. [1] John Dalton proposed the atomic theory of matter. [2] Nucleons are protons and neutrons. [3] The maximum number of electrons in the L shell is 8. [4] Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. [5] The outermost shell cannot have more than 8 electrons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Atomic structure

    Solved questions

    1. Multiple choice questions (Tick the correct option).


    1. Which one of the following proposed the atomic theory of matter?
    (a) John Dalton (b) J.J. Thomson
    (c) Rutherford (d) Niels Bohr
    2. Nucleons are
    (a) protons only (b) neutrons only
    (c) protons and neutrons (d) protons and electrons
    3. The maximum number of electrons in the L shell are
    (a) 2 (b) 18 (c) 32 (d) 8
    4. Atoms of the same element having different physical properties, but same chemical properties,
    are called
    (a) isobars (b) allotropes (c) isotopes (d) none of the above
    5. The outermost shell of an atom cannot have more than
    (a) 2 electrons (b) 8 electrons (c) 18 electrons (d) 32 electron

    Ans. 1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (b)

    2. State whether the following statements are true or false. If false, write the correct statement.
    1. According to the modern atomic theory, atoms of the same element are alike in all respects.
    Ans.
    False: According to the modern atomic theory, atoms of the same element may not be alike in
    all respects as seen in the case of isotopes.
    2. J.J. Thomson saw that the cathode rays were deflected by a negatively charged plate in the
    cathode tube.
    Ans.
    False: J.J. Thomson saw that the cathode rays were deflected by a positively charged plate in
    the cathode tube.
    3. An atom consists of a central nucleus containing protons and neutrons and the electrons revolve
    around the nucleus in imaginary paths called shells.
    Ans.
    True.
    4. Atomic number is equal to the number of protons and also equal to the number of neutrons.
    Ans.
    False: Atomic number is equal to the number of protons and also equal to the number of
    electrons in a neutral atom.

    0
    5. An element ‘X’ has atomic number 19. Its electronic configuration is 2,8,9.
    Ans.
    False:
    An element ‘X’ has atomic number 19. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 8, 1.
    3. What are isotopes? How does the existence of isotopes contradict Dalton’s atomic theory?
    Answer:
    Atoms of an element must have the same atomic number, but their mass number can be different
    due to the presence of different number of neutrons. These atoms of an element having different
    number of neutrons are called groups.
    According to Dalton’s theory, all atoms of an element are similar to all respects, for example, they
    have the same shape, size etc. and have similar physical and chemical properties like mass, density
    and reactivity. Whereas isotopes of an element have atoms that are similar as they have same
    number of protons and electrons but differ in the number of neutrons. So, the isotopes have atoms
    that are not similar in all aspects.
    4. (a) What are the two main parts of which an atom is made of?
    (b) Where is the nucleus of an atom situated ?
    (c) What are orbits or shells of an atom ?
    Answer:
    (a)
    The centrally located nucleus
    The outer circular orbits.
    (b) The nucleus is a centrally located positively charged mass.
    (c) The circular orbits (shell present) in the space available around the nucleus on which electrons
    revolve are called orbits or shells of an atom.
    5. Explain the rule with example according to which electrons are filled in various energy levels,
    Answer:
    The maximum number of electrons that can be present in any shell or orbit of an atom is given by
    the formula 2n2, where n is the serial number of the shell.
    Therefore:
    K shell, n = 1, no. of electrons = 2 x 12 = 2
    L shell, n = 2, no. of electrons = 2 x 22 = 8
    M shell, n = 3, no. of electrons = 2 x 32 = 18
    N shell, n = 4, no. of electrons = 2 x 42= 32
    Electrons are not accommodated in a given shell, unless the inner shells are filled.
    That is, the shells are filled in a stepwise manner.
    6. The atomic number and the mass number of sodium are 11 and 23 respectively. What information is
    conveyed by this statement.
    Answer:

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    Atomic number = 11; No of protons = 11
    Mass number = 23 = Number of protons + Number of neutrons.
    No of neutrons = 23-11 = 12.
    7. Choose from the table letters (A to E) that represent
    (a) a pair of isotopes.
    (b) an element with mass number 19.
    (c) an element having atomic number 7.

    Element Neutron Proton Electron


    A 22 18 18
    B 18 17 17
    C 10 9 9
    D 7 7 7
    E 20 17 17

    Ans.
    (a) B and E.
    Atoms of elements having the same atomic number (no. of protons) but different mass number
    or different number of neutrons are isotopes.
    (b) C: Mass number = no. of protons + no. of neutrons.
    (c) D: Atomic number = no. of protons.
    8. (a) What are the two main features of Rutherford’s atomic model?
    (b) State its one drawback.
    Answer:
    (a) According to Rutherford’s model an atom consists of:

    1. The centrally located nucleus: The nucleus is a centrally located positively charged mass.
    The entire mass of the atom is concentrated in it. It is the densest part of the atom. Its size is
    very small as compare to the atom as a whole.
    2. The outer circular orbits: Electrons revolve in circular orbits (shell) in the space available
    around the nucleus. An atom is electrically neutral i.e., number of protons and electrons present
    in an atom are equal.

    (b) Rutherford’s atomic model could not explain the stability of the atom as it is like a solar system,
    the sun is at the centre and the planets revolve around it, in an atom the electrons revolve around
    the centrally located nucleus containing protons.

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    Page | 2
    9. (a) Define:
    (i) Valency
    (ii) Variable valency.
    (b) Name two elements having variable valency and state their valencies.
    Ans.
    (a) (i) Valency: The number of electrons donated or accepted by an atom of an
    element so as to achieve a stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble
    gas.
    (ii) Variable valency: When elements exhibit more than one valency due to loss of
    electrons from the valence shell as well as from the shell before the valence shell, it shows
    variable valency.
    (b) Copper and silver show variable valency. Cu1+, Cu2+ and Ag1+, Ag2+
    10. How do the three isotopes of hydrogen differ?
    Ans.
    The three isotopes of hydrogen are
    (i) Protium (1H1) or ordinary hydrogen: It has one proton and one electron.
    (ii) Deuterium (2H1) or heavy hydrogen: It has one proton, one neutron and one electron
    (iii) Tritium (3H1) or very heavy hydrogen: It has one proton, two neutrons and one electron. Thus,
    the number of neutrons differ in the three isotopes of hydrogen.

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