Tangerine

The tangerine is a type of orange. Its scientific name varies. It

has been treated as a separate species under the name Citrus Tangerine
tangerina or Citrus x tangerina, or treated as a variety of Citrus
reticulata, the mandarine orange.[1][2] Citrus tangerina is also
treated as a synonym of Citrus deliciosa.[3] It is a group of
orange-coloured citrus fruit consisting of hybrids of mandarin
orange varieties, with some pomelo contribution.

The name was first used for fruit coming from Tangier,
Morocco, described as a mandarin variety.[4] Under the Tanaka
classification system, Citrus tangerina is considered a separate Scientific classification
species. Under the Swingle system, tangerines are considered a
Kingdom: Plantae
group of mandarin (C. reticulata) varieties.[5] Some differ only
in disease resistance.[6] The term is also currently applied to any Clade: Tracheophytes
reddish-orange mandarin (and, in some jurisdictions, mandarin-
Clade: Angiosperms
like hybrids, including some tangors).[7][8]
Clade: Eudicots
Tangerines are smaller and less rounded than common oranges.
The taste is considered less sour, as well as sweeter and stronger, Clade: Rosids
than that of an orange.[9] A ripe tangerine is firm to slightly soft, Order: Sapindales
and pebbly-skinned with no deep grooves, as well as orange in
Family: Rutaceae
color. The peel is thin, with little bitter white mesocarp.[10] All of
these traits are shared by mandarins generally. Genus: Citrus

Peak tangerine season lasts from autumn to spring. Tangerines Species: C. tangerina
are most commonly peeled and eaten by hand. The fresh fruit is Binomial name
also used in salads, desserts and main dishes. The peel is used
fresh or dried as a spice or zest for baking and drinks. Fresh Citrus tangerina
tangerine juice and frozen juice concentrate are commonly Tanaka
available in the United States.

Contents
Etymology
Production
Nomenclature and varieties
Nutrition
References
External links

Etymology
According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the word "tangerine" was originally an adjective
meaning "Of or pertaining to, or native of Tangier, a seaport in Morocco, on the Strait of Gibraltar" and "a
native of Tangier." The OED cites this usage from Addison's The Tatler in 1710 with similar uses from the
1800s. The adjective was applied to the fruit, once known scientifically as "Citrus nobilis var. tangeriana"
which grew in the region of Tangiers. This usage appears in the 1800s.[11]

Production
Tangerine production – 2019
Production
Country (millions
of tonnes)

 China 19.70

 Spain 1.82

 Turkey 1.40

 Morocco 1.37

 Egypt 1.09

 Brazil 0.98

Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations[12]

Nomenclature and varieties

Tangerines were first grown and cultivated as a distinct crop in the Americas by a Major Atway in Palatka,
Florida.[13] Atway was said to have imported them from Morocco (more specifically its third-largest city
Tangier), which was the origin of the name. Major Atway sold his groves to N. H. Moragne in 1843,
giving the Moragne tangerine the other part of its name.[14]

The Moragne tangerine produced a seedling which became one of the oldest and most popular American
varieties, the Dancy tangerine (zipper-skin tangerine, kid-glove orange).[14] Genetic analysis has shown the
parents of the Dancy to have been two mandarin orange hybrids each with a small pomelo contribution, a
Ponkan mandarin orange and a second unidentified mandarin.[15] The Dancy is no longer widely
commercially grown; it is too delicate to handle and ship well, it is susceptible to Alternaria fungus, and it
bears more heavily in alternate years.[16][17] Dancys are still grown for personal consumption, and many
hybrids of the Dancy are grown commercially.

Until the 1970s, the Dancy was the most widely grown tangerine in the US;[18] the popularity of the fruit
led to the term "tangerine" being broadly applied as a marketing name. Florida classifies tangerine-like
hybrid fruits as tangerines for the purposes of sale and regulation;[7] this classification is widely used but
regarded as technically inaccurate in the industry.[8] Among the most important tangerine hybrids of Florida
are murcotts, a late-fruiting type of tangor marketed as "honey tangerine"[19] and Sunbursts (an early-
fruiting complex tangerine-orange-grapefruit hybrid).[20] The fallglo, also a three-way hybrid (5/8
tangerine, 1/4 orange and 1/8 grapefruit), is also grown.[21]


A tangerine A botanical illustration of Tangerine or Narangi

a Manurco tangerine, fruit during winters in
painted by Royal Delhi
Charles Steadman in
January, 1926.

Narangi tree in Mohali Narangi fruit

Nutrition
Tangerines contain 85% water, Tangerines, raw
13% carbohydrates, and
negligible amounts of fat and
protein (table). Among
micronutrients, only vitamin C is
in significant content (32% of the
Daily Value) in a 100-gram
(3.5  oz) reference serving, with
all other nutrients in low
amounts.
A Murcott, likely a tangerine hybrid

References Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 223 kJ (53 kcal)
1. "Citrus tangerina
Yu.Tanaka — The Plant Carbohydrates 13.34 g
List" (http://www.theplantli Sugars 10.58 g
Dietary fiber 1.8 g
 st.org/tpl/record/kew-2724 Fat 0.31 g
391). theplantlist.org.
Protein 0.81 g
2. Mandal, Shyamapada;
Mandal, Manisha (2016). Vitamins Quantity %DV†
"Tangerine (Citrus Vitamin A equiv. 34 μg 4%
reticulata L. Var.) Oils". beta-Carotene 155 μg 1%
Essential Oils in Food Thiamine (B1) 0.058 mg 5%
Preservation, Flavor and Riboflavin (B2) 0.036 mg 3%
Safety. pp. 803–811. Niacin (B3) 0.376 mg 3%
doi:10.1016/B978-0-12- Pantothenic acid (B5) 0.216 mg 4%
416641-7.00091-2 (https:// Vitamin B6 0.078 mg 6%
doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-
Folate (B9) 16 μg 4%
0-12-416641-7.00091-2).
Choline 10.2 mg 2%
ISBN 978-0-12-416641-7.
Vitamin C 26.7 mg 32%
3. "Citrus deliciosa Ten." (htt
Vitamin E 0.2 mg 1%
p://www.plantsoftheworldo
nline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipn Minerals Quantity %DV†
i.org:names:771886-1). Calcium 37 mg 4%
Plants of the World Iron 0.15 mg 1%
Online. Royal Botanic Magnesium 12 mg 3%
Gardens, Kew. Retrieved Manganese 0.039 mg 2%
10 June 2021. Phosphorus 20 mg 3%
4. "Home : Oxford English Potassium 166 mg 4%
Dictionary" (http://www.oe Sodium 2 mg 0%
d.com/view/Entry/197485). Zinc 0.07 mg 1%
oed.com.
Other constituents Quantity
5. Froelicher, Yann;
Water 85.2 g
Mouhaya, Wafa; Bassene,
Jean-Baptiste; Costantino,
Gilles; Kamiri, Mourad; Link to USDA Database entry (http://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/search/li
st?qlookup=09218&format=Full)
Luro, Francois; Morillon,
Raphael; Ollitrault, Patrick Units
(2011). "New universal μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
mitochondrial PCR
IU = International units
markers reveal new
information on maternal †Percentages
are roughly approximated using US recommendations
citrus phylogeny" (http://ag for adults.
ritrop.cirad.fr/558353/).
Source: USDA FoodData Central (https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/index.html)
Tree Genetics. 7: 49–61.
doi:10.1007/s11295-010-
0314-x (https://doi.org/10.1
007%2Fs11295-010-0314
-x). S2CID 32371305 (http
s://api.semanticscholar.or
g/CorpusID:32371305).
6. Li, Xiaomeng; Xie,
Rangjin; Lu, Zhenhua;
Zhou, Zhiqin (2010). "The
Origin of Cultivated Citrus
as Inferred from Internal
Transcribed Spacer and
Chloroplast DNA
Sequence and Amplified
Fragment Length
Polymorphism
Fingerprints" (https://doi.or
g/10.21273%2FJASHS.13
5.4.341). Journal of the
American Society for
Horticultural Science. 135
(4): 341–350.
doi:10.21273/JASHS.135.
4.341 (https://doi.org/10.21
273%2FJASHS.135.4.34
1).
7. Commernet, 2011. "20-
13.0061. Sunburst
Tangerines; Classification
and Standards, 20-13.
Market Classification,
Maturity Standards And
Processing Or Packing
Restrictions For Hybrids,
D20. Departmental, 20.
Department of Citrus,
Florida Administrative
Code" (http://florida.eregul
ations.us/fac/20-13.0061/).
State of Florida. Retrieved
14 May 2015.
8. Larry K. Jackson &
Stephen H. Futch.
"HS178/CH073: Robinson
Tangerine" (http://edis.ifas.
ufl.edu/ch073). Retrieved
14 May 2015.
 9. Pittman & Davis (22
February 1999). "Pittman
& Davis – Premium Citrus
Fruit Gifts – Why Are
Tangerines So Tangy?" (ht
tp://www.pittmandavis.co
m/articles/citrus/tangerine
s/why-are-tangerines-so-t
angy.html).
Pittmandavis.com.
Retrieved 17 November
2012.
10. David Karp (28 January
2011). "Market Watch: The
wild and elusive Dancy"
(http://www.latimes.com/fo
od/la-fo-marketwatch-201
10128-story.html). LA
Times. Retrieved 19 July
2015.
11. See the Oxford English
Dictionary, 2nd edition,
1989.
12. "Crops/World
regions/Production
quantity (pick lists) of
tangerines for 2019" (htt
p://www.fao.org/faostat/en/
#data/QC). Food and
Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations,
Statistical Division
(FAOSTAT). 2020.
Retrieved 3 March 2021.
13. H. Harold Hume (1913).
Citrus Fruits and Their
Culture (https://books.goo
gle.com/books?id=mEML
AQAAIAAJ). O. Judd
Company. p. 101.
14. "dancy" (http://www.citrusv
ariety.ucr.edu/citrus/dancy.
html).
www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu.
Retrieved 2 May 2018.
15. Wu, Guohong Albert;
Terol, Javier; Ibanez,
Victoria; López-García,
Antonio; Pérez-Román,
Estela; Borredá, Carles;
Domingo, Concha; Tadeo,
Francisco R; Carbonell-
Caballero, Jose; Alonso,
Roberto; Curk, Franck;
Du, Dongliang; Ollitrault,
Patrick; Roose, Mikeal L.
Roose; Dopazo, Joaquin;
Gmitter Jr, Frederick G.;
Rokhsar, Daniel; Talon,
Manuel (2018).
"Genomics of the origin
and evolution of Citrus" (ht
tp://agritrop.cirad.fr/58711
5/1/nature25447.pdf)
(PDF). Nature. 554 (7692):
311–316.
Bibcode:2018Natur.554..3
11W (https://ui.adsabs.har
vard.edu/abs/2018Natur.5
54..311W).
doi:10.1038/nature25447
(https://doi.org/10.1038%2
Fnature25447).
PMID 29414943 (https://p
ubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2
9414943).
S2CID 205263645 (https://
api.semanticscholar.org/C
orpusID:205263645). and
Supplement
16. Larry K. Jackson &
Stephen H. Futch (6 June
2018). "HS169/CH074:
Dancy Tangerine" (http://e
dis.ifas.ufl.edu/CH074).
ufl.edu.
17. "Satsuma cultivars: The
best and the worst" (http://
blog.al.com/living-press-re
gister/2009/10/satsuma_c
ultivars_the_best_and.htm
l). AL.com. 30 October
2009. Retrieved 14 May
2015.
18. USA, Slow Food. "Dancy
Tangerine" (http://www.slo
wfoodusa.org/ark-item/dan
cy-tangerine). Slowfood
USA. Retrieved 2 May
2018.
19. "HS174/CH078: Murcott
(Honey Tangerine)" (http://
edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ch078).
Edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
Retrieved 17 November
2012.
20. "HS168/CH079: Sunburst
Tangerine" (http://edis.ifas.
ufl.edu/ch079).
Edis.ifas.ufl.edu.
Retrieved 17 November
2012.
21. Larry K. Jackson &
Stephen H. Futch.
"HS173/CH075: Fallglo
Tangerine" (http://edis.ifas.
ufl.edu/ch075). Retrieved
14 May 2015.

External links
Data related to Citrus tangerina at Wikispecies
Tangerine at Wikibook Cookbooks
Media related to Tangerines at Wikimedia Commons

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tangerine&oldid=1068496885"

This page was last edited on 28 January 2022, at 19:04 (UTC).

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