Pipe Bends and Thrust Block Forces Page 1 of 3

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Pipe Bends and Thrust Block Forces
Pipe bends and thrust blocks forces on anchors due to fluid velocity and internal pressure -
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100 p - gauge pressure (kPa) 14.5 p - gauge pressure (psi)
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The resulting force on a thrust block or anchor depends on the fluid mass flow and flow velocity and the pressure in the bend.
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About Us! Resulting force due to Mass flow and Flow Velocity

Temperature The resulting force in x-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed as:
Free Industry
Rx = m v (1 - cosβ) (1) Magazines
0
= ρ A v2 (1 - cosβ) (1b) E&P (Hart's E&P)
o
C
o 2 2
F = ρ π (d / 2) v (1 - cosβ) (1c)

Convert ! where

Length Rx = resulting force in x-direction (N)

m = mass flow (kg/s)

1
Hydrocarbon
v = flow velocity (m/s)
m Processing
km β = turning bend angle (degrees)
in
ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)
ft
yards d = internal pipe or bend diameter (m)
miles π = 3.14...
nautical
miles The resulting force in y-direction due to mass flow and flow velocity can be expressed as:
Industrial Laser
Convert ! Ry = m v sinβ (2) Solutions for
Manufacturing
Volume = ρ A v2 sinβ (2b)
2 2
1 = ρ π (d / 2) v sinβ (2c)

m 3 Ry = resulting force in y direction (N)

liters The resulting force on the bend due to force in x- and y-direction can be expressed as:
in3

http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/forces-pipe-bends-d_968.html 25/05/2011
Pipe Bends and Thrust Block Forces Page 2 of 3

ft 3 R = (Rx2 + Ry2)1/2 (3)

us gal
where
Convert ! R = resulting force on the bend (N)

Velocity Example - Resulting force on a bend due to mass flow and flow velocity
1 The resulting force on a 45o bend with

m/s • diameter 114 mm = 0.114 m

km/h • water with density 1000 kg/m3
ft/min • flow velocity 20 m/s
ft/s
can be calculated by as
mph
knots Resulting force in x-direction:

Convert ! Rx = (1000 kg/m3) π ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (20 m/s)2 (1 - cos45)

Pressure = 1196 (N)

1 Resulting force in y-direction:

Ry = (1000 kg/m3) π ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (20 m/s)2 sin45

Pa (N/m2)
bar = 2887 (N)
mm H2O
Resulting force on the bend
kg/cm2
psi
R = ((1196 N)2 + (2887 N)2)1/2
inches H2O
= 3125 (N)
Convert !
Note - if β is 90o the resulting forces in x- and y-directions are the same.
Flow
Resulting force due to Static Pressure
1
The pressure and the end surfaces of the bend creates resulting forces in x- and y-directions.
m3/s
The resulting force in x-direction can be expressed as
m3/h
US gpm Rpx = p A (1- cos β) (4)
cfm
= p π (d / 2)2 (1- cos β) (4b)
Convert ! where
Unit Converter Rpx = resulting force due to pressure in x-direction (N)
Scientific p = gauge pressure inside pipe (Pa, N/m2)

The resulting force in y-direction can be expressed as

Rpy = p π (d / 2)2 sinβ (5)

Calculator where

Free Industry Rpy = resulting force due to pressure in y-direction (N)

Magazines
The resulting force on the bend due to force in x- and y-direction can be expressed as:
E&P (Hart's E&P)
Rp = (Rpx2 + Rpy2)1/2 (6)

where

Rp = resulting force on the bend due to static pressure (N)

Example - Resulting force on a bend due to pressure

Hydrocarbon The resulting force on a 45o bend with
Processing
• diameter 114 mm = 0.114 m
• pressure 100 kPa

can be calculated by as

Resulting force in x-direction:

Rx = (100 kPa) π ((0.114 m) / 2)2 (1 - cos45)

Industrial Laser = 299 (N)

Solutions for
Manufacturing Resulting force in y-direction:

Ry = (100 kPa) π ((0.114 m) / 2)2 sin45

= 722 (N)

Resulting force on the bend

R = ((299 N)2 + (722 N)2)1/2

= 781 (N)

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Pipe Bends and Thrust Block Forces Page 3 of 3

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