NAME ___________________________________________________

Grant Hasleton DATE _____________________

5-02-22 CLASS ______________
4A

Guided Reading Activity netw rks

Motivation and Emotion

Lesson 2 Biological and Social Motives

Review Questions: Recording Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How Statements

Directions: Read each main idea and answer the questions below. Refer to your textbook to write the answers.

Main Idea A: Some motivation comes as a reaction to biological needs, though even physiological needs like
hunger might be influenced by other factors.

1. Why do variations in the nervous system cause changes in behavior?

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Because the nervous system seeks to rebalance itself.
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2. Where are signals created in the brain telling us to eat or stop eating?

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The lateral hypothalamus.
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3. What did Stanley Schacter’s study show about the difference in the way obese and normal-weight
people respond to hunger?

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Normal weight people will eat when they feel hungry,
Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.

while obese people will eat becuase there is food in

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front of them.
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4. How might a psychosocial hunger factor like eating with friends affect a person’s eating habits?

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Eating with friends might change when you eat, what you eat,
and how much you are willing to eat.
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Main Idea B: Social motives—such as the need for achievement, the fear of failure, and the fear of success—
are learned from our interactions with other people.

1. Who created the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) and how was it used?

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David McClelland. Used to measure the motivation one had
to achieve in life.
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Understanding Psychology 1
NAME ___________________________________________________ DATE _____________________ CLASS ______________

Guided Reading Activity cont. netw rks

Motivation and Emotion

2. How might fear of failure motivate people when they choose a task?

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It prevents them from choosing a task with any actual stakes.
Whether too easy or impossible, both difficulties offer no real chance
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to fail at something meaningful.
3. When did Matina Horner conduct her study about fear of success and why might that time period affect
her results?

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In the late 1960s, when more women were discriminated against
and pushed to become housewives with no successful careers.
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4. What is the competency theory?

That humans choose tasked that challenge them to prove they are competent.
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Main Idea C: Psychologist Abraham Maslow believed that all human beings share the need to achieve, and
he created a hierarchy showing the different levels of need that people go through.

1. What are the three main levels of Maslow’s hierarchy? Describe each.

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Fundamental needs, psychological needs, and self-actualization
needs. First comes things like hunger, thirst, and safety. Second

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission is granted to reproduce for classroom use.
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is a sense of belonging and the need to gain approval. Finally the
need to fulfill one's unique potential.
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2. How might a person respond if his or her need goes unmet, according to Maslow?

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Unmet needs have an adverse effect on someone, and can drive them
to seek habits that reduce that tension to meet those needs.
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Summary and Reflection

Directions: Summarize the main ideas of this lesson by answering the question below.
Maslow’s hierarchy includes hunger as a physiological need at the lowest level. How might psychosocial
hunger factors change this view of hunger and where it fits in the hierarchy?

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2 Understanding Psychology