Table of Communicable Diseases
Table of Communicable Diseases
Table of Communicable Diseases
Name of Disease Mode of Transmission Incubation Period Signs & Symptoms Treatment / Prevention
Measles The virus lives in the nose Mild to moderate There is no treatment for measles after
( Morbilli ) and throat of an infected For 10-12 days of fever, persistent exposure.
person and can spread to exposure to the virus, cough, runny nose,
Measles is a highly contagious others through coughing after which the inflamed eyes The best way to prevent measles is to get the
viral disease (childhood and sneezing, and the measles symptoms (conjunctivitis) and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
infection), which affects germ-laden droplets can appear. sore throat. vaccine. It is one of routine vaccinations for
mostly children and can cause stay on surfaces and the children.
serious complications. virus remains active Rash consists of
(infectious) for up to two small red spots, Keep the infected people away from the
hours, therefore a healthy starting on the face healthy until they recover, to prevent
person can be infected especially behind infection transmission.
the ears and on
through touching the hairline, spreading
infected surfaces and then to arms and trunk,
touching his mouth or nose then over the thighs
or eye. down to legs and
feet, covering most
body parts. At the
same time, the fever
raises sharply, often
as high as 40 to 41
C.
Human Papillomavirus HPV is transmitted through 2 to 3 months, with a Most HPV patients There is no cure for HPV itself
( HPV ) skin-to-skin contact, range of 1 to 20 don’t suffer from Initial HPV prevention can be through HPV
including sexual contact or months for genital any significant vaccine for girls that are 11 or 12 years of
HPV infection is a viral any kind of contact with the warts. It can take up to symptoms or health age.
infection and one of the most genital area, such as: 10 years for a high- problems.
common genital infections. Touching an infected risk HPV infection to They can also receive the HPV vaccine at the
There are over 100 types of person’s genitals; develop into cancer. Often, the body age of 9 years old.
HPV, which are passed through HPV cannot be transmitted clears the HPV
sexual contact and can lead to through touching surfaces infection on its own Women between the age of 21 and 29
genital warts, growth of such as toilet seat. in a couple of years. should undergo a cervical test every 3 years,
abnormal cells in the cervix, or alongside with pap tests.
cervical cancer. HPV can still be transmitted However, in some
from a person to another, cases, the infection Women between the age of 30 and 65
even if the infected person might last longer should undergo a pap test every 5 years,
is showing no symptoms. and could cause alongside with an HPV test.
some types of
cancer and other
diseases.
Human infections There are currently no specific drugs or
Nipah Virus range from vaccines for NiV.
Direct contact It is believed to range asymptomatic
NiV is a zoonotic virus that is from 4 to 14 days. infection to acute Keeping bats away from fresh food products;
transmitted from fruit bats Consumption of food However, an respiratory infection
(the natural host of the virus) contaminated with incubation period as (mild or severe). Thoroughly washing and peeling fruits
to pigs. secretions from infected long as 45 days has before consuming them.
pigs and bats been reported. Fatal encephalitis is
It is then transmitted to also among NiV Avoiding eating fruits if bat bites were
humans in direct contact with Human-to-human symptoms. Infected noticed.
these infected pigs. transmission of Nipah virus individuals may
has also been reported, show flu-like Boiling freshly collected date palm juice.
including in health care symptoms,
facilities where prevention including: fever, Wearing gloves and other protective clothing
measures weren't properly headaches, myalgia while handling sick animals or their tissues.
applied. (muscle pain),
vomiting , sore Avoiding contact with infected pigs in
throat. infected areas.
The skin is darker Cover your body with long sleeves clothes.
than normal.
Use mosquito repellent cream inside and
outside your home.
Dengue Fever
It is transmitted from one Symptoms begin to Dengue causes flu- There is no specific treatment for dengue
Dengue is a mosquito-borne person to another by the appear 4-10 days after like symptoms and fever, so prevention is the most important
viral infection transmitted by bites of Aedes Aegypti the bite from an infection is step to be followed.
the bite of Aedes Aegypti mosquitos that generally infected mosquito. suspected with high
mosquito. acquire the virus while fever (above 40°C) In some countries, vaccination is approved
feeding on the blood of an and at least two of for those aged 9 to 45 who live in areas with
The Aedes Aegypti mosquito is infected person. the following a high incidence of dengue fever.
not the main cause of the symptoms:
disease, it is the vector that
transmits the virus.
The best way of prevention is to avoid the
Severe headache mosquito bites through:
Swine Influenza Virus can be transmitted For Fever, weakness, No vaccines protecting the human against
from a person to another, human infections with lack of appetite, and getting infected with swine flu.
It is a respiratory disease and it is thought that swine influenza coughing.
endemic in pigs; it is caused bytransmitting among viruses, an incubation Washing hands continuously with warm
the type A of influenza family humans takes place in the period of 2–7 days has Some swine water and soap after sneezing or shaking
which triggers the outbreak of same way the seasonal flu been reported. influenza-infected hands with a swine flu-infected person.
influenza among pigs. does. This is through person reported
Swine influenza viruses
touching swine flu-infected suffering from runny Using handkerchiefs when sneezing and
afflicting pigs all year round place then touching the nose, nausea, throwing them away.
could trigger outbreaks during mouth or nose or through vomiting, diarrhea,
autumn and winter time just as soughing and sneezing. and sore throat. Using masks which can prevent transmitting
the seasonal influenza causes the viruses while in crowded places. They are
among humans. Usually, humans can available abroad and can be used on planes
pick up swine influenza and trains as well.
Swine influenza virus is the when directly exposing to
H1N1and the virus was the pigs, while raising pigs
isolated in 1930. or living nearby the sheds
where the pigs are raised.
The symptoms of
Antibodies appear
(HIV/AIDS) vary, Up until now, there's no vaccine to prevent
HIV/AIDS HIV/AIDS is transmitted within 6 to 12 weeks depending on the HIV infection.
through blood or body after the onset of phase of infection.
AIDS is a chronic disease fluids (semen, and vaginal infection. There's no cure for HIV/AIDS, but a variety of
caused by the Human discharge), by: Primary infection: drugs can be used.
Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Clinical infection
People infected by
that affects and destroys CD4 Sexual intercourse HIV often develop a Avoid forbidden sexual relations outside of
typically lasts for 8 to
cells; which are a type of white Blood transfusion 10 years, depending flu-like illness within wedlock.
blood cell that is responsible Sharing infected injections on the extent of the a month or two after
for the immune system. Mother-to-fetus infection immune the virus enters the Use a condom if either partner is infected.
system
Breastfeeding infection and ability to
body, the symptoms
AIDS develops when the fight the virus. include: Avoid using used syringes, needles, sharp
number of CD4 cells falls below Fever, Muscle and tools or razors.
200 cells in (HIV) infected During that period, joint pain, Rash,
patients. symptoms may not Headache, Sore
appear at all. throat, Mouth or
genital ulcers,
Swollen lymph
glands, mainly on
the neck, Night
sweats, Diarrhea
Chronic symptoms:
Night sweats, Chill
or fever (higher than
38 C for several
weeks), Cough and
shortness of breath,
Chronic diarrhea,
White spots on the
tongue or in the
mouth, Headaches,
Impaired vision.
Most types of meningitis The average
Meningitis are transmitted through incubation period is 4 Sudden high fever Vaccination against bacterial meningitis.
respiratory secretions days, but can range
Meningitis is an inflammation through the following ways: between 2 and1 0 Stiff neck Washing hands properly.
of the membranes (meninges) Sneezing, Coughing, days.
surrounding your brain and Kissing, Sharing cups, Severe headache Maintain good hygiene, don't share cups,
spinal cord. toothbrushes, cigarettes. with nausea and toothbrushes and other things with anyone
vomiting else.
The swelling from meningitis Bacterial meningitis:
typically triggers symptoms Usually is transmitted from Skin rash Improve your immune system by following
such as headache, fever and a people with bacteria in the healthy behaviors such as eating healthy diet
stiff neck. throat or nose and is rarely Seizures and exercising regularly.
transmitted from infected
It can affect anyone, but most people. Difficulty When you need to sneeze, be sure to cover
common in young persons concentrating your mouth and nose.
from birth to adulthood, as Fungal meningitis: It is
well as the elderly. acquired from environment Sleepiness or Provide preventive treatment for those
(such as: inhaling soil difficulty waking coming from infected areas or have been in
contaminated with birds or contact with meningitis patients.
bats droppings) and it is not Sensitivity to light
transmitted from person to
person.
Parasitic meningitis: It is
acquired from
environmental sources
(such as rodents including
mice and raccoons).
Reference:
www.moh.gov.sa