MX431

Generator Automatic Voltage Regulator

Operation Manual

Self Excited Automatic Voltage Regulator

___________________________________

1 MX431
 1. SPECIFICATION
Sensing Input Soft Start Ramp Time
Voltage 190 ~ 264 VAC Max, 1 phase, 2 wire 3 sec.
Frequency 50 / 60 Hz, selectable
Analogue Input
Power Input (PMG) Max. Input ± 5 VDC
Voltage 170 ~ 220 VAC Max, 3 phase 3 wire Sensitivity 1V for 5% generator volt
Current 3A / Phase Input Resistance 1K ohm
Frequency 100 ~ 120 Hz, nominal
Droop Input
Output Burden 10 ohm
Voltage Max. 120 VDC Max. sensitivity 0.07 A for 5% droop (PF=0)
Current Continuous 2.7A Max. input 0.33 A
Intermittent 6A for 10 sec
Resistance Min. 15 ohm Over Voltage Detector Input
Set point 300V. Time delay 1 Sec (fixed)
Voltage Regulation CB trip coil volt 10 ~ 30 VDC / 0.5 Amp
< ± 1% ( with 4% engine governing ) CB trip coil resistance 20 ~ 60 ohms

Voltage Build-up Over Excitation Protection

Residual voltage at AVR terminal > 5 VAC Set point 90 VDC
Time delay 10 sec (fixed)
Thermal Drift
0.05% per °C change in AVR ambient Typical System Response
AVR response 10 ms
External Volt Adjustment Filed current to 90% 80 ms
± 10% with 1K ohm 1 watt trimmer Machine Volt to 97% 300 ms
Unit Power Dissipation Environmental
Max. 12 watt 100Hz ~ 2K Hz 3.3g
Under Frequency Protection (Factory Setting) Relative Humidity 0 ~ 70 °C 95% (see note 6)
Set point 95% Hz Operating temperature -40 to +70 °C
Slope 170% down to 30 Hz Storage temperature -40 to +85 °C

Current Limit Input Weight

10 ohms burden 394g ± 2%
Sensitivity range 0.5 ~ 1A

2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION terminals. Sustained generator short circuit current

is another feature of the PMG system.
● EA341 is a two phase sensed Automatic Voltage
Regulator and forms part of the excitation system
for a brush-less generator. Excitation power is
derived from a three-phase permanent magnet
generator (PMG), to isolate the AVR control circuits

from the effects of nonlinear loads and to reduce

radio frequency interference on the generator
______________________________________________________________________________________
2 MX431
● The AVR senses the voltage in the main ● An analogue input is provided allowing
generator winding and controls the power fed to connection to a controller or other external
the exciter stator and hence the main rotor to devices with compatible output.
maintain the generator output voltage within the
● The AVR has the facility for droop CT connection,
specified limits, compensating for load, speed,
to allow parallel running with other similarly
temperature and power factor of the generator.
equipped generators.
● Soft start circuitry is included to provide a smooth
controlled build up of generator output voltage. NOTE :

● A frequency measuring circuit continually 1. Derate linearly from 3.7A at 50 °C to 2.7A at 70 °C.
monitors the shaft speed of the generator and
2. The stated voltage regulation may not be
provides under-speed protection of the excitation
maintained in the presence of certain transmitted
system by reducing the generator output voltage
radio signals. Any change in regulation will fall
proportionally with speed below a pre-settable
within the limits in Criteria B of S.EN.61000-6-2 :
threshold. A further enhancement of this feature
2001.
is an adjustable VOLT per Hertz slope to improve
engine recovery time on turbo charged engines. 3. After 10 minutes.
Soft start circuitry is included to provide a smooth
4. Applies to Mod status E onwards. Generator
controlled build up of generator output voltage.
de-rate may apply. Check with factory. Factory
● Uncontrolled excitation is limited to a safe period set, semi-sealed, jumper selectable.
by internal shutdown of the AVR output device.
5. Any device connected to the analogue input must
This condition remains latched until the generator
be fully looting (galvanically isolated from
has stopped.
ground), with an insulation strength of 500Vac.
● Provision is made for the connection of a remote
6. Non condensing.
voltage trimmer, allowing the user fine control of
the generator’s output.

3. SUMMARY OF AVR CONTROLS

CONTROL FUNCTION DIRECTION
VOLT To adjust generator output voltage Clockwise increases output voltage
STABILITY To prevent voltage hunting Clockwise increase the damping effect
UFRO To set the UFRO knee point Clockwise reduces the knee point frequency
DROOP To set the generator droop to 5% at 0pf Clockwise increases the droop
TRIM To optimize analogue input sensitivity Clockwise increases the gain or sensitivity
EXC To set the over excitation cut off level Clockwise increase the cut off level
DIP To set the frequency related voltage dip Clockwise increases the voltage dip

4. ADJUSTMENT OF AVR CONTROLS

4.1 Voltage Adjustment WARNING
The generator output voltage is set at the factory, Do not increase the voltage above the rated
but can be altered by careful adjustment of the generator voltage. If in doubt, refer to the
VOLT control on the AVR board, or by the external rating plate mounted on the generator case.
hand trimmer if fitted.
Do not ground any of the hand trimmer
Terminals 1 and 2 on the AVR will be fitted with a terminals, as these could be above earth
shorting link if no hand trimmer is required. potential. Failure to observe this could cause
equipment damage.

______________________________________________________________________________________
3 MX431
If a replacement AVR has been fitted or re-setting of The UFRO adjustment is preset and sealed and
the VOLT adjustment is required, proceed as only requires the selection of 50 or 60Hz and 4 pole
follows : or 6 pole, using the jumper link as shown in the
diagram. For optimum setting, the LED should
1. Before running generator, turn the VOLT control illuminate as the frequency falls just below nominal,
fully anti-clockwise. i.e. 47Hz on a 50Hz system or 57Hz on a 60Hz
system.
2. Turn remote VOLT trimmer (if fitted) to midway
position.
4.4 DROOP Adjustment
3. Turn STABILITY control to midway position.
Generators intended for parallel operation are fitted
4. Connect a suitable voltmeter (0~300V ac) across
with a quadrature droop C.T. which provides a
line to neutral of the generator.
power factor dependent signal for the AVR. The C.T.
5. Start generator set, and run on no load at is connected to S1, S2 on the AVR, (see generator
nominal frequency e.g. 50~53Hz or 60~63Hz. wiring diagram for details). The DROOP adjustment
is normally preset in the works to give 5% voltage
6. If the red Light Emitting Diode (LED) is
droop at full load zero power factors. Clockwise
illuminated, refer to the Under Frequency Roll Off
increases the amount of C.T. signal injected into the
(UFRO) adjustment.
AVR and increases the droop with lagging power
7. Carefully turn VOLT control clockwise until rated factor (cos Ø). With the control fully anti-clockwise
voltage is reached. there is no droop.
8. If instability is present at rated voltage, refer to
stability adjustment, then re-adjust voltage if 4.5 Trim Adjustment
necessary. ● An analogue input (A1 A2) is provided to connect
9. Voltage adjustment is now completed. to the controller or other devices. It is designed to
accept dc signals up to ±5 VOLT.
4.2 Stability Adjustment ● The dc signal applied to this input adds to the
AVR sensing circuit. A1 is connected to the AVR
● The AVR includes stability or damping circuit to
0 VOLT. Positive on A2 increases excitation.
provide good steady state and transient
Negative on A2 decreases excitation.
performance of the generator.
● The TRIM control allows the user to adjust the
● A jumper link selector is provided to optimize the
sensitivity of the input. With TRIM fully
response of the stability circuit to various size
anti-clockwise the externally applied signal has
generators.
no effect. Clockwise it has maximum effect.
● The link should be positioned as shown in the
● Normal setting is fully clockwise when used with
diagram according to the kW rating of the
a controller.
generator. The correct setting of the Stability
adjustment can be found by running the WARNING
generator at no load and slowly turning the
stability control anti-clockwise until the generator Any devices connected to this input must be
voltage starts to become unstable. The optimum fully floating and galvanically isolated from
or critically damped position is slightly clockwise ground, with an insulation capability of 500V
from this point (i.e. where the machine VOLT are ac. Failure to observe this could result in
stable but close to the unstable region). equipment damage.

4.3 Under Frequency Roll Off (UFRO)

Adjustment
The AVR incorporates an under-speed protection
circuit which gives a VOLT / Hz characteristic when
the generator speed falls below a presentable
threshold known as the “knee” point. The red Light
Emitting Diode (LED) gives indication that the
UFRO circuit is operating.

______________________________________________________________________________________
4 MX431
4.6 Er Excitation (EXC) Adjustment 4.7 DIP Adjustment
This adjustment is set and sealed in the works and This feature is mostly used when the generator is
should not be tampered with. An over excitation coupled to turbo charged engines with limited block
condition is indicated by the illumination of the red load acceptance. The feature works by increasing
LED which also indicates under-speed running and the V/Hz slope to give greater voltage roll off in
over-volt. proportion to speed.

The generator must be stopped to reset an With the DIP control fully anti-clockwise, the
over-excitation trip. generator voltage will follow the normal V/Hz line as
the speed falls below nominal. Turning the DIP
control clockwise provides greater voltage roll off
aiding engine recovery.

5. FITTING AND OPERATING (Refer to generator wiring diagram for connection

details)

TRIM

DROOP
High Temperature

VOLT

EXC. TRIP
DIP
C-A < 90KW
C-B 90-550KW
B-A > 550KW

C B A
UFRO STABILITY
LED

Figure 1 Outline Drawing UNIT : mm

ATTENTION
1. AVR can be mounted directly on the engine, genset, switchgear, control panel, or any position that will
not affects operation. For dimension reference, please see Figure 1.
2. All voltage readings are to be taken with an average-reading voltmeter Meggers and high-potential test
equipment must not be used. Use of such equipment could damage the AVR.

______________________________________________________________________________________
5 MX431
 k1-k2 linked for
normal operation.

K2 K1 P2 P3 P4 XX X 3 2 2 1

TRIM A1
A2
S1
DROOP S2

High Temperature

SENSING SELECTION
1
2
VOLT 3
4
5
6
7
8

EXC. TRIP
DIP
FREQUENCY
SELECTION

SELECTION
UFRO STABILITY
3 2 1 C B A

INDICATOR 3-1 4P/60HZ C-B 90KW~550KW

LED 3-2 4P/50HZ B-A OVER 550KW
2-1 6P/50HZ
NO LINK 6P/50HZ
Exciter 3Ø Bridge Generator

Figure 2 Disposition Drawing

PMG 勵勵勵 3Ø整整整

Bridge 主主主主主
Generator 220V
Exciter
R

G S
~ C.T
T

外外外整 1KΩ
歐歐 adjusted
1Kexternal
For

P2 P3 P4 XX X 2 1 2 3 S1 S2

Figure 3 Wiring Drawing

Note : When the system voltage over 220VAC, a transformer is necessary at
sensing input terminal is recommend.

※ Use only original supplied spare protection fuse for fuse replacement.
※ Please accept our sincere apology if any modification in performance, specification or appearance is
made without prior notice.
______________________________________________________________________________________
6 MX431