c2 Proficiency Teacher Guide For Listening
c2 Proficiency Teacher Guide For Listening
c2 Proficiency Teacher Guide For Listening
Contents
Who this guide is for................................................................................................................................. 3 Just like official examiners, teachers also spend many hours evaluating learners’ language skills. This
guide is for you. With lots of practical tips and real examples, it will help you to develop your learners’
How to use this guide.............................................................................................................................. 4
listening skills in preparation for the Cambridge English C2 Proficiency qualification.
Key terminology........................................................................................................................................ 6
About C2 Proficiency
The challenges of listening in a second language................................................................................ 9
✔ Tests reading, writing, speaking and listening skills, ✔ Comes after C1 Advanced
Top tips for developing learners’ listening skills................................................................................. 10 plus use of English ✔ Tests learners at CEFR Level C2
✔ Shows that learners can:
Preparing learners for the C2 Proficiency Listening paper................................................................ 13 ✔ Can be taken on paper or on a computer
• study demanding subjects at the highest level, including
postgraduate and PhD programmes
Activity 1 – Part 1.................................................................................................................................... 16
• negotiate and persuade effectively at senior
Activity 2 – Part 2...................................................................................................................................22 management level in international business settings
• understand the main ideas of complex pieces of writing
Activity 3 – Part 3...................................................................................................................................28 • talk about complex or sensitive issues, and deal
confidently with difficult questions
Activity 4 – Part 4...................................................................................................................................32
Extra resources and further reading.....................................................................................................38 You can find out more about our C2 Proficiency qualification and other exams on our website.
See cambridgeenglish.org/schools.
2 3
How to use this guide
• Discuss different approaches with learners in order to understand their preferences and needs,
and to find out what approaches are most helpful to them.
• Reflect on your own listening skills, both in your first language and in any other languages that
you speak. What do you find challenging? How do you overcome these challenges? Can you
share any top tips with the learners in your own classroom?
• You can navigate the document by using the hyperlinks in the text and the buttons on each spread:
Previous page Next page First page Previous view
There are also some other terms in this guide which are more widely used in the field of assessment.
When these terms appear in this guide, you’ll find an explanation nearby in a glossary box like this:
4 5
Key terminology
Key terminology
The study of listening is a specialist field and, like all specialist fields, there is some common Expert listeners can bring these four sub-skills together when they listen, so they can recognise what
terminology which might be unfamiliar or confusing. Learning to recognise these terms will help they hear and understand the meaning.
you to understand this guide, which will help you to develop your learners’ listening skills. For example, imagine we are listening to someone describing a recent experience and we recognise
What does effective listening involve? the word Unbelievable! Our ability to match the sounds to the word is called bottom-up processing.
When we achieve a very good level of listening in a particular language, we often forget how But the word unbelievable doesn’t tell us much about the person’s recent experience. Why were they
sophisticated this skill really is! The terms we use to describe the processes of listening are called so shocked? How did they feel? Angry? Amused? Disappointed? To understand what the speaker
sub-skills and they include: means when they use this word, we need to listen for more information, we need to know the
context and co-text. This is called top-down processing.
Which parts of
Sub-skill Definition Example from everyday life the exam test Process Definition Example from everyday life
this sub-skill?
Bottom-up Recognising small units You ask someone for an address and they tell you
Predicting Thinking about what Your friend sends you a video from social media Parts 1, 2, 3 and 4 processing (sounds), building them up it’s number 60. You accurately identify the sounds
you are going to of an interview with a politician. You immediately into bigger units (words) and and stress of the word sixty and don’t mishear it as
hear, based on what think about other interviews you’ve seen with = recognising
then bigger ones (phrases). sixteen.
you know about the
speaker, the topic
and the context.
this person, what you already know about her
latest campaign and what she might say about
it in this interview.
what you hear
Top-down
Sometimes called ‘decoding’.
Listening Understanding You want to buy a friend a DVD for his birthday. Parts 1, 3 and 4
for detailed the content of You ask his girlfriend which films she would
understanding what you hear in recommend, as she has similar taste and she’ll
depth, especially also know if he’s already seen them. You listen
the opinions and carefully to her explanation because you want
attitudes of the to know her opinion before you make a choice.
speaker(s).
6 7
Listening strategies learners can use to help them understand
The challenges of listening in a
8 9
4. Technology. What audio equipment do you have? Is the sound quality good enough for a
Top tips
large classroom? Are learners studying on their own devices? Are they using headphones? Are Top tips for developing learners’ listening skills
they studying online from home, perhaps with background noise, distractions or technology ✔ Do … check learners’ understanding thoroughly. In particular, ask them why wrong answers were
problems, which you can’t control? wrong. Think about the pronunciation of the words they heard, discuss the distractors in the multiple-
These are not complete lists, of course. Many teachers will be very familiar with the challenges choice questions and work with the audioscript. See Activities 1 and 3, below, for examples of how to
exploit the audioscript.
mentioned here and can probably add a few more from their own experience!
The rest of this guide is designed to help you and your learners overcome these challenges and Before listening: preparing for the task
improve their listening skills. There are several practical activities, illustrated with examples from ✔ Do … make sure learners understand what they have to do in the exam task and how to avoid silly
the Cambridge English C2 Proficiency exam. mistakes. For example, teach them how to prepare for a specific question, to underline or highlight key
words, to read multiple-choice options carefully and to be aware of distractors, which are designed to
make them really listen and think. See Activity 3 for an example of how to analyse exam questions
Top tips for developing learners’ listening skills carefully.
The long-term goal of a learner is to become so comfortable with the different listening sub-skills in their ✘ Don’t … just press play with no time to prepare. It’s important to spend some time on pre-listening tasks
second language that these become automatic, just like in their first language. This is a bigger challenge than so that learners are ready to listen. All four activities include ideas on how to generate interest in the
just preparing for an exam, but the exam can provide structure and focus which will help both learners and their task and topic before listening.
teachers. Developing listening skills is about helping learners to notice and practise all the small things which
✔ Do … check the technology works before class. It’s also helpful to have equipment which allows you to
effective listeners do, and to use strategies to help them while their general listening abilities are improving.
rewind just a few seconds so you can easily find and re-play the same very short section several times in
General advice
✔ Do … practise bottom-up decoding skills frequently. The best way to make these processes easier and
a row.
✘ Don’t … focus only on meaning and language. It’s also important to build learners’ confidence in ✘ Don’t … forget to check learners’ predictions! When practising this sub-skill, it’s important that learners
listening by praising their success and improving their self-awareness. have the chance to compare their first ideas with what they hear the next time they listen. This will help
reveal any problems learners have with understanding, and help to identify what they need to practise
✔ Do … encourage learners to listen for pleasure. Listening doesn’t always have to mean listening practice. to improve. See the activities for examples of using pre-listening stages to make and check predictions.
It could mean learners sharing songs or podcasts that they enjoy, for example.
✘ Don’t … interrupt a listening to check learners’ pre-listening predictions. After the whole recording is finished,
✔ Do … take a healthy approach to exam practice. It’s important to practise exam tasks formally you can ask learners to compare and explain their predictions before you confirm if they were right.
sometimes, but don’t make exam practice the only listening work you do. Treat listening lessons as an
opportunity to help learners understand their own strengths and weaknesses and how to use strategies
to improve their understanding.
10 11
Preparing learners for the C2 Proficiency
Top tip
After doing practice tasks, get learners to record their results and their feelings in a personal learning diary.
They should say what they did well and what they found more difficult. Then they can refer back to these notes
later in their course in order to see their improvement and consider anything that they still find challenging.
12 13
How the exam is assessed
Activities
The C2 Proficiency Listening paper has four parts and lasts for about 40 minutes in total, plus
5 minutes for candidates to transfer their answers to the answer sheet (if they’re taking the paper-
based test). Every audio recording in the exam is played twice.
Part 1 6 questions, each Listen to three short, unrelated recordings Listening for gist, detail,
with 3 multiple- of either monologues or interacting function, purpose,
choice options speakers. Choose the correct option for topic, speaker, feeling,
each question. Each dialogue lasts about attitude, opinion, etc.
1 minute and has two questions.
Part 2 9 sentences, each Listen to a monologue (about 3–4 minutes) Listening for detail and
with 1 gap to fill and complete the gaps in nine sentences stated opinion
with information from the recording.
Part 3 5 questions, each Listen to an interview or exchange between Listening for gist,
with 4 multiple- two or more speakers (about 4 minutes) opinion, inference,
choice options and identify attitudes, opinions, feelings, agreement and detailed
speaker purpose, function or main ideas. understanding
Part 4 2 tasks. Each task
has 5 questions and
Listen to five, short, related monologues
(about 35 seconds each) and choose the
Listening for gist,
attitude, main points
8 multiple-choice two correct options for each speaker. and interpreting context
options.
Important note: The example exam tasks used in this guide are provided to give you and your
learners an idea of the format of the exam and what is being tested in each part. The tasks have
not been fully pretested and calibrated like our published exams. To assess your learners’ readiness
for a live exam use one of the official sample tests on cambridgeenglish.org, or go to our Mock
Test Toolkit for tips on using sample tests.
Top tip
Part 2 is the only part which requires learners to do more than choose an option from the multiple-choice list.
In Part 2, they must complete a gap with something they heard in the recording. When practising Part 2, make
sure learners check each question carefully by highlighting key words. They should think about the grammar and
context to help them have an idea about the type of word to listen for. For example, here the gap falls within the
structure to name [something] as [something], so it requires a noun phrase that will correspond with the noun
phrase on the other side of the gap.
Marian quotes a Brazilian study which names (1) ………………………… as the most valid factor.
14 15
Activity 1
Part 1: Task familiarisation Activity 1: Listening Part 1
It’s helpful to check with learners what they know and can remember about the format of this part of the 4. Now surprise learners: tell them they should compare this imagined setting to a rainforest. Divide the
exam when you are preparing in class. Here are some questions you can ask your learners. You can either class in two. Ask half the class to imagine how the settings are similar and the other half to imagine
check them with learners before you start this activity, or at a point in the lesson that you feel works best how they’re different. They should focus on what these environments sound like.
for your learners. 5. Collect some ideas and take notes on the board, indicating areas of commonality and difference.
• How many recordings will you hear? (Three) Arrange the board like this:
• How many questions are there for each recording? (Two)
• How many options are there for each question? (Three) rainforest newsroom
• What should you do before you listen? (Read the question carefully and think about the topic. Highlight noisy
any key words in the task and think about other words speakers might use to express the same ideas.) chaotic
• What should you do the first time you listen? (Listen for the general ideas expressed by the speakers and wild human
try to choose one option for each question.) natural mechanical
• What should you do the second time you listen? (Check the options you chose and make a final choice.) meaningful
Listening 1
Activity 1: Listening Part 1 6. Tell learners they are now going to hear the recording with the two radio presenters introducing a
programme about sounds of the rainforest. They should check the predictions they made in their
Aims: To practise predicting content and language before listening; to practise listening for attitudes or opinions
that are implied.
Also useful for: Part 3, Part 4 and (optional follow-up activity) Writing Part 2.
earlier discussion. Play the recording.
7. Give learners a moment to compare their ideas, then return to the brainstorm on the board, and add
any new words that they heard. Invite learners to circle any ideas or words from their discussion that
Preparation and equipment: Open the resources for the guide and download the example exam task for
they also heard in the recording, for example:
Part 1. Make copies of the task and of the clean audioscript, for your learners. Check the annotated audioscript in
the guide and be prepared for when the correct or incorrect answers appear in the recording.
rainforest newsroom
Steps: Prepare to listen
noisy
1. Raise learners’ interest, and read the introductory sentence of the Part 1 question: You hear two radio chaotic
presenters introducing a programme about the sounds of the rainforest.
wild human
2. Encourage learners to use their general knowledge of the world and their imaginations to predict ideas natural mechanical
and language that might appear in the recording.
meaningful
3. Now read the stem of the first of the two Part 1 questions: What does the woman imply by equating
rainforest sounds with a newsroom?
For example, in this recording, the question mentions a newsroom and at one point the speaker says: Think
of a busy newspaper office … Ask the whole class, opening a discussion in response to these questions: Top tip Top tip
• What sort of environment is a busy newspaper office? Picture it: what can you see? What can you When planning your lesson, take inspiration There are no ‘correct’ answers at this stage – all learners’
hear? Is it bright/dark? Quiet/loud? Energetic/calm? Full of people/empty? from the content of the recording. Avoid simply ideas have a place on the board of predictions. These will
• Who works there? What do they do? What do they talk about? practising exam tasks one by one – try to help them focus and relate to the context and content
• Imagine you overhear a conversation. What are the people saying? activate learners’ creativity and imagination of the recording they are about to hear.
by taking things ‘off the page’.
16 17
Activity 1
Activity 1: Listening Part 1 Activity 1: Listening Part 1
8. Check learners have understood the gist of the recording: Is the woman saying the two environments After listening
are similar or different? (Answer: similar.) 14. Put learners into small groups and give them time to discuss all three multiple-choice options:
9. Now give learners the full task for Activity 1 – the question with the three multiple-choice options. Can they explain why the other two options are wrong?
Check learners understand the phrasing of the question: 15. Give learners a copy of the audioscript for this question. In pairs, they should annotate the script
• Which word indicates that the woman thinks the two environments are similar? (Answer: equating.) and discuss:
• Will she explain her reasons for this belief explicitly? (Answer: No, they’re implied.) • Which words indicate the right answer?
10. Give learners a moment to read the task, highlight key words and choose the multiple-choice option • Which words are potentially distracting?
they think is correct. Answer key for Listening Part 1 Question 1
11. Let learners compare their choices with a partner and explain their reasoning. You hear two radio presenters introducing a programme about the sounds of the rainforest.
Listening 2 What does the woman imply by equating rainforest sounds with a newsroom?
12. Play the recording again so they can check their answers. ✘ A There is nothing frightening about the forest.
13. Confirm the correct option (C). ✘ B Animal noises may resemble human voices.
✔ C Meaningful communication is taking place.
18 19
Activity 1
Activity 1: Listening Part 1 Top tip Optional follow-up
Annotated audioscript (continued) Teacher notes (continued) Remind learners that they need to listen to Set learners an article-writing task in the style of Writing
the whole extract carefully before choosing Part 2, either for homework or as a collaborative writing
Man: How do you mean? The verbs tell and convey refer to
their answers and that they should not be activity in class. Check the resources for the guide and
communication of meaning, and the
too quick to assume that they have heard make copies of the Activity 1 optional follow-up (Writing
expression as a direct challenge shows Part 2: article). You could also use a similar activity from
Woman: Well, the toad’s call tells others of his species the correct answer.
that the way the toad alters his call can be Assessing writing for Cambridge English Qualifications:
that he’s an adult – an older, larger male with a
interpreted as having a particular meaning A guide for teachers.
deep voice. It conveys other information too. He’s
(that of challenging). The woman also states
energised, so he’s obviously found a few insects to
that the energy in the toad’s call has an
consume. And he’s macho enough to defend his
obvious meaning.
spot and attract females. He then alters his call as
a direct challenge to an approaching rival – turns it ✔ Option C is the correct answer.
into a ‘keep away, this is my bit of creek!’ sound.
Man: … nothing subtle about that! The man’s use of nothing subtle is similar
to the structure nothing frightening
in option A. This could be potentially
Woman: [laughs] Indeed not …
distracting if a learner doesn’t know that
the two adjectives are not synonyms.
Activity 1: Listening Part 1
Steps for Question 2
Refer learners to the second question that goes with this recording: What will other toads learn from the call
of the toad in the creek? Don’t spend time preparing with them. Give them just a few minutes to follow the
same steps on their own, like they would in the exam:
1. Learners read the introductory sentence for Question 2 and predict what ideas and language they
might hear.
2. Learners read the three multiple-choice options and again predict ideas and language they might hear.
3. Play the recording. Learners complete the task.
4. In pairs, learners compare and justify their choices.
5. Confirm the right answer. Refer to the audioscript as necessary.
20 21
Activity 2
Part 2: Task familiarisation Top tip
Remember to check what learners know and can remember about the format of this part of the exam when It’s important that learners use pre-listening preparation time wisely. One way of doing this is to give them
you are preparing in class. Here are some helpful questions you can ask them. You can either go through the pre-listening discussion tasks in the classroom. The task should naturally elicit vocabulary and other language
questions with learners before you start this activity, or at another point in the lesson that you feel works features associated with the topic and context.
best for your learners.
• How many sentences are there? (Nine)
• How many gaps are there? (Nine) Exam strategy
• Do the answers appear in the recording in the same order as in the task? (Yes.)
• In this part of the Listening paper, how many words can go in each gap? (Up to three, but usually just one Make your learners aware of how much they bring to a listening task from their own experience and world
or two.) knowledge. Remind them they should balance this with what they hear in the recording. Encourage them to
• What kinds of words go in the gaps? (Usually things which give concrete information, often nouns or make predictions based on the information provided in the instructions about the speaker, topic and context.
proper nouns.) They can use this information to help them tune into the text quickly when they hear it.
• Should you change the words you hear to fill in the gaps? (No. This task doesn’t test learners’ ability to
paraphrase – they should simply write the actual words they hear.)
Follow up the last discussion question by asking the class: What would they like to know about these 6. Tell learners they will now hear the second part of the recording. As they listen, they should take brief notes
connections that they don’t already know? If they had the chance to learn from a researcher in this of what the speaker says about each of the points listed in step 5. Play the second part of the recording.
area, which two questions would they ask them? Encourage an open exchange of ideas between
7. After listening, learners write one short sentence for each of the points, summarising what they heard.
learners across the class.
Let them do this alone first, before comparing notes with a partner.
22 23
Activity 2
Activity 2: Listening Part 2 Activity 2: Listening Part 2
Listening 3 Annotated task
8. Now give learners copies of the Activity 2 Listening Part 2 task. Give them a moment to read the Marian quotes a Brazilian study which • The structure to name [something] as [something] requires
sentences carefully and complete the gaps. Based on their previous opportunities to listen to the names personal enjoyment as the most two nouns which match in number.
recording and to summarise what they heard, they should find this quite straightforward. valid factor in connecting music with • The second noun is singular.
cognitive ability. • So the gap must be filled with another singular noun phrase.
Top tip Top tip A report into concentration claims that • The verb to identify can be followed by an object (to identify
listening to certain musical genres can something) or by a complement (to identify as something/
Many questions in the C2 Proficiency exam are Answers to questions in Part 2 are short and require enhance people’s ability to identify visual someone).
based on learners’ ability to recognise a sentence single words or noun groups and usually no more images. • If followed by an object, this could be a plural noun, an
which summarises the main meaning, attitude or than three words. At C2 Proficiency level, these uncountable noun or a singular noun (used with an article).
opinion expressed by a speaker. Activities like this, answers must all be spelled correctly to fit into the
where learners have to summarise what they heard, grammatical structure of the sentence. Candidates Some British research into music and • The relative pronoun who means the preceding word must
can provide them with valuable practice of these should use the words they hear on the recording. personality suggests it is extroverts who be a person or type of person.
listening sub-skills. favour loud pop music. • The verb to favour is used here after the relative pronoun who
but without third-person -s, so its subject must be plural.
A Russian study points out the importance • The phrase the importance of [something] requires a noun.
Activity 2: Listening Part 2 of social identity in determining an • This noun could be a plural noun, an uncountable noun or a
Exam task
individual’s musical tastes. singular noun (used with an article).
10. After listening, ask learners to confirm the correct answer for each gap. If possible, project the task on
Part 2 the board or (if teaching online) share it on your screen, so you can complete the gaps together. As you
You will hear a music student called Marian Forster giving a presentation about some research findings.
work through each answer with the class, it may help to refer to the annotated task. Draw learners’
attention to the grammatical features on both sides of the gaps so they can be sure their answers are
Complete the sentences with a word or short phrase. grammatically correct.
Marian quotes a Brazilian study which names (1) ……………………………… as the most valid factor in Answer key
connecting music with cognitive ability.
Question Answer Question Answer
A report into concentration claims that listening to certain musical genres can enhance people’s ability to (the) extroverts
1 personal enjoyment 3
identify (2) ……………………………… . (the) extraverts
(visual) images
Some British research into music and personality suggests it is (3) ……………………………… who 2 4 social identity
visuals
favour loud pop music.
A Russian study points out the importance of (4) ……………………………… in determining an
individual’s musical tastes.
Exam strategy Top tip
When learners think they’ve heard an answer, they should Remind learners to write their answers for
Listening 4 write it down carefully and check the grammar is accurate Part 2 very clearly in CAPITAL LETTERS so
9. Allow learners to compare their ideas with a partner before playing the recording one final time for according to what appears before and after the gap. that it’s easy to read their handwriting.
learners to check their answers. Project or share copies of the annotated task to guide learners as they For example, if they don’t hear clearly whether a word is
compare and check answers in pairs. singular or plural, they should check the rest of the sentence
to see which form is appropriate.
24 25
Activity 2
Optional follow-up 1 Optional follow-up 2
This activity practises bottom-up decoding skills in class: 1. Tell learners they’re going to use these sentences to practise paraphrasing skills for Reading and Use of
1. Play this short extract from the recording, which features rapid, connected speech: English Part 4 (key word transformations).
and not so much Mozart or any particular composer 2. Put learners in pairs and give them synonyms and gapped sentences from the resources for each of the
questions they just saw in Listening Part 2. The first example is shown here:
2. After completing the listening task, tell the learners you’re going to focus on the pronunciation of
connected speech in the recording. 1. A Brazilian study names personal enjoyment as the most valid factor
3. They should listen to the extract you play them and count the number of words they hear (up to a in connecting music with cognitive ability.
maximum of 10 words).
found
4. Give learners a gapped sentence, including a few words before and after, to help them identify which
Personal enjoyment ……………………………… the most valid factor
section they’re listening for. Here’s an example from the task in Activity 2, above:
in connecting music with cognitive ability.
They said that the overriding criterion was 3. They must work together to rewrite each sentence, filling the gaps with between three and eight words
what they termed ‘personal enjoyment’ (including the key word given).
4. Mix the pairs so learners are now working with a new partner. Get them to compare their answers and
composer. make any necessary changes, for example to make their answers grammatically accurate.
5. Check answers as a whole class.
Answer (completed sentence):
They said that the overriding criterion was what they termed ‘personal enjoyment’ and not so much Mozart
or any particular composer. [8 words]
Top tip
5. Play the extract. You may need to play it several times. Let learners focus and use their fingers to
count while they think.
Several parts of the exam use different words than the recording, so learners need plenty of exposure to,
6. When they feel ready, tell learners to write down what they heard and count how many words there and practice of, language for paraphrasing and reporting. This follow-up activity focuses particularly on
were. reporting verbs.
7. Put learners in pairs to compare their answers, then invite one pair to confirm the correct answer.
8. Write the complete phrase/sentence on the board and invite learners to mark which words are stressed
(answer for this example: not, Mozart, any, particular) and what type of words these are (answer for this
example: negatives like not or any, proper nouns and adjectives).
9. Ask learners to identify why we don’t hear the other words very clearly (answer: because they’re not
stressed). Get them to practise repeating the complete phrase with the same rhythm.
Top tip
In Part 2, it’s important that learners hear and write down the exact words used in the recording. You can
help them improve their ability to recognise specific individual words by practising bottom-up decoding
skills in class.
26 27
Activity 3
Part 3: Task familiarisation Activity 3: Listening Part 3
Make time in class to check what learners know and can remember about the format of this part of the Listening 1
exam. Here are some helpful questions you can ask them. You can either check understanding about the
exam before you start this activity, or at a point in the lesson that you feel works best for your learners, 2. Tell learners they are now going to hear an extract from a recording for Part 3. They will hear a
for example at the end of the lesson as a quick review after practising the listening tasks. discussion between two football supporters, James and Sarah, about professional football and the cost
of tickets to matches. Ask learners to listen and compare what the speakers say with the ideas from
• How many speakers are there? (Two, sometimes more)
their own discussion. Play the recording.
• How many questions are there? (Five)
• How many multiple-choice options are there for each question? (Four) 3. Feedback. Ask learners if either of the speakers expressed a view similar to their own or their
• What should you do the first time you listen? (Listen for the general ideas expressed by the speakers and classmates, based on the previous discussion.
try to choose one option for each question.) 4. Write the stem of the question on the board, without the multiple-choice options:
• What should you do the second time you listen? (Check the options you chose and make a final choice.)
What do they agree on about the problem
Aims: To practise identifying speakers’ attitudes and opinions when these are not stated explicitly. The aim is to encourage learners to listen for key information in the recording; you don’t want them to
Also useful for: Listening Part 1, Listening Part 4, Speaking Part 3 (optional follow-up activity) and Use of English be distracted by the multiple-choice options.
Part 2 (open cloze).
5. Ask what they can remember about the problem of high ticket prices. Accept a range of answers from
Preparation and equipment: Open the resources for the guide and download the example exam task, the clean
the class.
audioscript and annotated audioscript. Make copies of the discussion questions, exam task and clean audioscript
for learners. Check the annotated audioscript and be prepared to discuss how the correct or incorrect answers Listening 2
appear in the recording. 6. Play the recording again. Learners listen and check if they remembered accurately how the speakers
Steps: Prepare to listen felt about the high cost of tickets to football matches.
1. Raise learners’ interest in the topic of the question (in this example, the cost of tickets for football or 7. Ask learners to discuss with a partner and to write down a short, specific answer to this question in
soccer). Hand out the discussion questions from the resources. Put learners in small groups to discuss around 10 words, which is around the same number of words as a multiple-choice option.
the following:
• What do you know about the cost of tickets for sports matches? Listening 3
• Has live sport always been expensive to watch? How and why has the cost changed over the years? 8. Play the recording a third time. Learners listen, and compare their answers with the ideas in the
• Where does this money go? Do you feel it’s well spent? recording.
• If you’re a fan of watching live sport, do you think it’s value for money? Why/why not? 9. Ask learners if they want to make any changes to their answers now they have listened again.
• If you’re not a sports fan, why do you think other people are prepared to spend so much on this
leisure pursuit? 10. Put pairs together to form small groups. They should compare their suggested answers and agree on
• What’s the impact of the high cost of tickets – on fans, on clubs, on wider society? the best answer to the original question prompt. Take a selection of answers from the class.
11. Now give learners the Activity 3 Listening Part 3 question with multiple-choice options from the
resources. Give learners a moment to compare the answers they wrote after Listening 1 and 2 and
Top tip decide which they think is the correct multiple-choice option.
The range of topics that could appear in the C2 Proficiency exam is very wide. This reflects the expectation that
learners at this level should be able to deal with communication on many topics even if they don’t personally
have a lot of knowledge or interest in those topics. This activity provides a good opportunity for learners to
practise expressing and justifying their opinions, which is particularly relevant to Part 3 of the Speaking paper
but also provides relevant practice for listening. Learners should be encouraged to contribute as best they can,
even if they’re initially unsure about the topic.
28 29
Activity 3
Activity 3: Listening Part 3
After-listening analysis
12. Take feedback from the class and ask learners to explain the reasons for their choices before confirming
the correct answer:
D It is a reflection of how the status of the game has risen.
13. Give learners time to review the four multiple-choice options to discuss in their groups: Can they
explain why the other three options are wrong?
14. Give learners a copy of the audioscript for this question. In pairs, they should annotate the script and
discuss the following:
• Which words indicate the right answer?
• Which words are potentially distracting?
Do the speakers explicitly say ‘I agree’? (No – so how is their agreement expressed?)
15. Take whole-class feedback and for more information, refer to the annotated audioscript with teacher
notes in the resources.
Exam strategy
It is useful for students to work with texts where opinions are implied rather than stated explicitly and to practise
‘listening between the lines’. It helps to analyse the audioscript.
For example, in this task notice James says no, when in fact he is in agreement with the view that Sarah expressed
above, adding that higher prices don’t impact significantly on demand for tickets.
No, now it’s all TV deals and astronomical transfer fees. But when prices go up, demand from fans still only
dips slightly.
Optional follow-ups
Discussion. Do they agree with the speakers? Are high ticket prices a reflection of the status of high-profile
sports events, or a reflection of something else? Will there ever be a point where sports fans will no longer
accept the status quo? Can they identify any possible solutions?
Open cloze task. Give learners the optional open cloze task supplied in the resources. It is an adapted
version of the audioscript with eight words removed, such as prepositions, articles, negatives and other
small functional elements that feature in common lexical and grammatical patterns or fixed expressions.
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Activity 4
Part 4: Task familiarisation Exam strategies
Remember to check what learners know and can remember about the format of this part of the exam when Strategy A Strategy B
you are preparing in class. Make time in class for task familiarisation, particularly before they attempt Part 4 1. H
ighlight key words in the questions for both Tasks 1. Highlight key words in the questions for both tasks.
for the first time. This can be achieved by sharing and analysing the task as it appears in the exam. one and two. 2. Use the first listening to do both Tasks one and two.
1. Distribute the Activity 4 Listening Part 4 task familiarisation discussion from the resources. Learners 2. Use the first listening to do one of the tasks. 3. Use the second listening to check answers.
work in pairs to review the task and discuss the questions. 3. Use the second listening to do the other task.
5. Explain that in Activity 4 they will practise Part 4 in stages. They will start with Task two as a first step. Use both tasks instead of only Task two, and only give learners
Trying each task on its own will give learners the opportunity to understand Part 4. They should practise the five correct multiple-choice options for both of the tasks.
and try strategy A before attempting both Task one and Task two at the same time (strategy B). Give learners all eight options for one of the tasks.
most challenging Give learners all eight options for both of the tasks.
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Activity 4
Activity 4: Listening Part 4 Top tip
Steps: Prepare to listen When learners first practise this task, it’s not important to follow the exact layout of the exam task –
1. Before listening, generate interest in the theme of the recording: the abilities needed for different types of they can simply write the number of each speaker next to the correct multiple-choice option as they
work. Write the following on the board: listen. They might also find this approach helpful in the real exam – just remind them to be careful to
transfer their answers accurately onto the answer sheet.
dealing with confrontation
organising a team
Activity 4: Listening Part 4
taking significant responsibility
recovering from failure Listening 3
facing difficult physical conditions 11. Play the recording again so learners can check any answers they disagreed about.
12. Take whole-class feedback to confirm answers by going through the options. Encourage learners to
2. Ask learners to think of examples of jobs that require these abilities. Accept some examples that explain the reasons for their choices. Check the answers using the answer key in the resources.
learners come up with and write them on the board next to the abilities. After listening
3. Give learners the ‘Prepare to listen’ discussion questions from the resources. Divide the class into pairs 13. This step is an opportunity for learners to listen and focus on one speaker and analyse the audioscript,
or small groups to stimulate lively discussion. looking for evidence to support their answer. This is also an opportunity to identify the distractors in
the audioscript.
4. Take whole-class feedback. How similar or different are their ideas? Ask whether they agreed or
disagreed with one another in their discussion. Listening 4
5.
Listening 1
Tell learners as they listen to the recording, they should compare what the speakers say with the ideas
14. Ask learners to work in pairs. Play the recording and give them the ‘after-listening audioscript’ for
Speaker 3 from the resources. They should highlight the parts that indicate the correct answer and
underline any parts which are distracting.
from their discussion before listening and make notes. Play the recording.
6. Take whole-class feedback – ask learners if they heard any of the ideas from their discussion. If so, 15. Ask learners to identify and highlight any useful language used by the speaker to express an attitude
which speaker(s) mentioned these? or opinion. They should record this in their notebooks as useful reference for later productive tasks
(such as the follow-up writing or speaking activity ideas, below).
Listening 2
7. Learners now listen and practise Task two. It’s been simplified so they start by listening and matching
the five speakers to the five options they discussed in the ‘Prepare to listen’ stage (rather than the eight
options for the exam). Optional follow-up 1
8. Give learners Activity 4: Listening 4 Task two adaptation (with five options) from the resources. Stronger
learners can try Activity 4: Listening 4 Task two (with eight options), which is set out as it would be in the exam. Listening Part 4 Task one
9. Play the recording again. Learners only need to write the numbers 1–5 against each option. Once learners have completed Task two, they should now have sufficient information to practise Task one,
which is supplied in the resources with the answer key. Play the recording again. For this task they will
10. Put learners in pairs to compare their answers. If they disagree, they should justify their answer to their
have less teacher support. Taking each task in turn gives learners the time in class to discuss, reflect and
partner with reference to what they heard in the recording.
practise analysing the questions, before listening.
Top tip
Remind learners that they should not choose an option simply because they hear the same word or
phrase in the recording. They should listen for the same idea.
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Activity 4
Activity 4: Listening Part 4 Optional follow-up 2
After-listening annotated audioscript and answer key for Speaker 3 Activity 4 Listening Part 4
Green highlighting shows where the correct answer is given. Underlining shows where the listener can be Discussion
distracted. Yellow highlighting shows language to express attitude or opinion. To give learners more spoken practice of expressing attitudes and feelings on the same topic as the listening
Speaker 3: Option B – dealing with confrontation text, do a discussion activity. Discussion questions are supplied in the resources.
Annotated audioscript (Speaker 3) Teacher notes 1. Put learners into pairs or small groups and give them questions to discuss linked to the main themes in
I’m a forensic scientist, and I specialise in DNA Learners might infer that a crime scene is an example the recording, such as:
analysis. Some of my work involves working at of difficult physical conditions (option H). • Some people say there’s no such thing any more as a ‘job for life’. Do you agree or disagree?
the crime scene and, of course, you can be called • Is the idea of the move away from having a ‘job for life’ problematic for society?
out at any time of the day or night for that. But I • What motivates some people to switch career? Is it better to do this after just a few years or after
Learners might hear the word team and
spend most of my time in the lab with the rest of spending a long time in one career?
automatically select option C.
my team analysing evidence. Every case presents • If you have experience in the workplace, is there a gender pay gap in your industry? What can be done
new challenges so you never get stuck in stuff that’s to improve this?
run-of-the-mill. And there are non-scientific skills Stand up to quite hostile cross-questioning is
synonymous with deal with confrontation. Handle is 2. Create new groups with a representative from each group.
involved, like interpreting evidence to laypeople
such as jurors if the case goes to court, and being synonymous with deal with, and that refers back to 3. Brainstorm or supply useful language for learners to use when they report to their new group.
able to stand up to quite hostile cross-questioning the hostile cross-questioning. 4. In their new groups, each learner has to report back what the attitudes and feelings were from their
from lawyers. It’s no good if you can’t handle that, Learners might hear the word difficult and original group.
and some people find it very difficult. automatically select option H.
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Extra resources
Extra resources
You might find the following resources helpful for the development of listening skills, both in class
and as independent self-study.
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